HANOVER INSURANCE GROUP, INC.

Business operations consist of four reporting segments: Core Commercial, Specialty, Personal Lines and Other.

Our strategy, which focuses on the independent agency distribution channel, supports THG’s commitment to our select independent agents. It is designed to generate profitable growth by leveraging the strengths of our distribution approach, including expansion of our agency footprint in underpenetrated geographies, as warranted. As part of that strategy, we have increased our capabilities in specialty markets and made investments designed to develop growth solutions for our agency distribution channel that meet the needs of our customers. Our goal is to grow responsibly in all of our businesses, while managing earnings volatility.

Net income was $662.5 million in 2025, compared to $426.0 million in 2024, an increase of $236.5 million, primarily due to higher after-tax operating income.

Operating income before interest expense and income taxes (a non-GAAP financial measure; see also “Results of Operations – Consolidated – Non-GAAP Financial Measures”) was $933.0 million in 2025 compared to $650.1 million in 2024, an increase of $282.9 million. This increase was primarily due to lower catastrophe losses, improvements in current accident year underwriting results in our Personal Lines segment, higher net investment income, and earned premium growth. These improvements were partially offset by higher current accident year losses in our Core Commercial segment. The improved Personal Lines current accident year underwriting results were primarily due to the benefit of earned pricing outpacing loss trends in both homeowners and personal automobile lines, and moderated loss frequency trends, particularly in homeowners property and automobile collision coverages.

Pre-tax catastrophe losses were $276.3 million in 2025, compared to $375.9 million in 2024, a decrease of $99.6 million. The catastrophe losses in 2025 were due to severe convective storms across multiple states, and, to a lesser extent, the California Palisades and Eaton wildfires. The higher catastrophe losses in 2024 were primarily due to several convective storms across multiple states, with wind and hail damage representing the majority of reported losses, primarily in the Midwest, and, to a lesser extent, the impacts of hurricanes Helene and Beryl.

Net favorable development on prior years’ loss reserves was $70.4 million in 2025, compared to $67.4 million in 2024, an increase of $3.0 million.

Core Commercial includes two businesses, small commercial and middle market, both of which focus on account business, including coverage for commercial multiple peril, commercial automobile, workers’ compensation and other core commercial (commercial umbrella, monoline general liability, claims-made liability, and monoline property). Small commercial focuses on small businesses, with annual policy premiums generally up to $50,000. Middle market provides coverage to mid-sized businesses with annual policy premiums generally between $50,000 and $500,000. Middle market offers coverage in distinct industry segments, including technology, human services, manufacturing, retail, and real estate, among others. We believe that our account-focused approach to the small commercial market and distinctiveness in the middle market, including our diversified portfolio of products, delivers significant value to agents and policyholders. We continue to pursue our core strategy of developing strong relationships with independent agents, enhancing franchise value through selective distribution, distinctive products and coverages, and through continued investment in products for additional industry segmentation.

Net premiums written increased 3.6% in 2025, compared to 2024, primarily due to renewal price increases and an increase in new business. Operating income before interest expense and income taxes decreased in 2025, primarily due to higher catastrophe losses and higher current accident year losses, partially offset by higher net investment income. The competitive nature of the Core Commercial market requires us to be highly disciplined in our underwriting process to ensure that we write business at acceptable margins, and we continue to seek rate increases across many lines of business.

Specialty offers a comprehensive suite of products focused predominately on small to mid-sized businesses. This includes numerous specialized product areas that are organized into four distinct divisions – Professional and Executive Lines, Specialty Property and Casualty (“Specialty P&C”), Marine, and Surety and Other. We believe that this diverse set of Specialty products, distributed primarily through independent agents, including wholesalers, helps to enhance our overall agent value and increase growth opportunities by providing agents easier access to placement solutions for Specialty needs, including those that complement Core Commercial accounts.

Net premiums written increased 4.9% in 2025, compared to 2024, primarily due to renewal price increases and an increase in new business. Operating income before interest expense and income taxes increased in 2025, primarily due to higher net investment income, earned premium growth and higher net favorable development on prior year loss reserves. The competitive nature of the Specialty market requires us to be highly disciplined in our underwriting process to ensure that we write business at acceptable margins, and we continue to seek rate increases across many lines of business, as appropriate.

Personal Lines focuses on working with high quality, value-oriented agencies that deliver consultative selling to customers and stress the importance of total account solutions, which is the conversion of single policy customers to accounts with multiple policies and/or additional coverages, to address customers’ broader needs and objectives. Approximately 89% of our policies in force (“PIF”) have been issued to customers with multiple policies and/or coverages with us. We are focused on seeking profitable growth opportunities, building a distinctive position in the market in order to meet our customers’ needs, and diversifying geographically. We continue to seek appropriate rate increases that meet or exceed underlying loss cost trends, subject to regulatory and competitive considerations.

Net premiums written increased 3.7% in 2025, compared to 2024, primarily due to renewal price increases, higher retention, and increased new business. Operating income before interest expense and income taxes increased in 2025, compared to 2024, primarily due to lower catastrophe losses, improvements in current accident year underwriting results, higher net investment income and earned premium growth.