CSB Bancorp, Inc.

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CSB Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Commercial and Savings Bank (the “Bank”) and CSB Investment Services, LLC (together referred to as the “Company” or “CSB”). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared without audit. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2025, and the results of operations and changes in cash flows for the periods presented have been made.

Certain information and footnote disclosures typically included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been omitted. The Annual Report for CSB for the year ended December 31, 2024, contains Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnote disclosures, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The results of operations for the period ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year or any future interim period.

Certain items in the prior-year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity.

USE OF ESTIMATES IN PREPARING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the Consolidated Balance Sheets and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates susceptible to change in the near term relate to management’s determination of the allowance for credit losses and the fair value of financial instruments.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCMENTS

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which provides for improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, for all other entities. The Company adopted the new disclosures for the annual periods beginning on January 1, 2025. The Company will include the applicable and relevant required disclosures in the Income Taxes footnote in the Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU requires disclosure in the notes to financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. Specific disclosures are required for (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization, and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil and gas producing activities. The amendments in this Update do not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements. However, the amendments affect where this information appears in the notes to financial statements because entities are required to include certain current disclosures in the same tabular format disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements in the amendments. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 apply only to public business entities and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its financial statements.

Note 2 – SECURITIES

Securities consisted of the following on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities on September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Securities with a fair value of approximately $129 million were pledged on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, to secure public deposits, as well as other deposits and borrowings as required or permitted by law.

Restricted stock primarily consists of investments in Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (FHLB) and Federal Reserve Bank stock. The Bank’s investment in FHLB stock amounted to approximately $1.0 million on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Federal Reserve Bank stock was $471 thousand on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

There wereno proceeds from sales of securities for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. All gains and losses recognized on equity securities during the three and nine-month periods were unrealized.

The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair value of securities available-for-sale, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

There were 98 securities in an unrealized loss position on September 30, 2025,94 of which were in a continuous loss position for twelve (12) months or more. Each quarter the Company conducts a comprehensive security-level impairment assessment on the securities portfolio. Management believes the Company will fully recover the cost of these securities. Unrealized losses on the Company’s fixed-rate debt securities are a result of interest rate increases. U.S. Treasury securities and investments in securities of U.S. government sponsored agency bonds comprise $73 million of total AFS securities. The remaining $37 million of non-agency debt securities is made up of Corporate Bonds and debt securities to State and Political Subdivisions. For non-agency debt securities, the Company verified the current credit ratings remain above investment grade. Non-rated debt securities total $10 million. Annually, management reviews the credit profile of each non-rated issue and assesses whether any impairment to the contractually obligated cash flow is likely to occur. Based on these reviews, management has concluded the underlying creditworthiness for each security remains sufficient to maintain required payment obligations and, therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded. Management believes the value will recover as the securities approach maturity or market interest rates change.

The Bank monitors the credit quality of held-to-maturity debt securities primarily through utilizing their credit rating. The Bank monitors the credit rating on a quarterly basis. There are no nonperforming held-to-maturity securities. As of September 30, 2025, no ACL was required for any held-to-maturity security. The majority of the securities are explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the United States government, and any estimate of expected credit losses would be insignificant to the Bank. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of held-to maturity debt securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by credit quality indicator:

NOTE 3 – LOANS

Loans consisted of the following on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Loan Origination/Risk Management

The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by providing management with frequent reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and non-performing and potential problem loans. Diversification in the loan portfolio is a means of managing risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions.

Commercial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business. Underwriting standards are designed to promote relationship banking rather than transactional banking. The Company’s management examines current and occasionally projected cash flows to determine the ability of the borrower to repay their obligations as agreed. Commercial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers; however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, and equipment, and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.

Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans, in addition to those of real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type. This diversity helps reduce the Company’s exposure to adverse economic events that affect any single industry. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography, and risk grade criteria. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied.

The top ten collateral exposures in commercial real estate and commercial lessors of buildings at September 30, 2025 are as follows: Industrial, manufacturing and production $73 million; warehouse $41 million: healthcare facilities $39 million; residential investment property $31 million; animal feed production $20 million; auto repair $19 million; hotels $19 million; retail strip center $19 million; retail stores $17 million; senior housing $12 million.

With respect to loans to developers and builders that are secured by non-owner-occupied properties, the Company generally requires the borrower to have had an existing relationship with the Company and have a proven record of success. Construction and land development loans are underwritten utilizing independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis of absorption and lease rates, and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. These loans are generally based upon estimates of costs and values associated with the completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate.

Construction and land development loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent on the success of the project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of the developed property, or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risk than other real estate loans due to their repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, general economic conditions, and the availability of long-term financing.

The Company originates consumer loans utilizing a judgmental underwriting process. To monitor and manage consumer loan risk, policies and procedures are developed and modified, as needed. This activity, coupled with relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, mitigates risk.

The Company maintains an independent credit department that reviews and validates the credit risk program on a periodic basis. Results of these reviews are presented to management. The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by lenders and credit personnel, as well as the Company’s policies and procedures.

Loans serviced for others approximated $133 million and $136 million on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit

Nearly all the Company’s lending activity occurs within the state of Ohio, including the five counties of Holmes, Medina, Stark, Tuscarawas, and Wayne, as well as other markets. The majority of the Company’s loan portfolio consists of commercial and commercial real estate loans. Credit concentrations, including commitments, as determined using North American Industry Classification Codes (NAICS), to thethree largest industries compared to total loans on September 30, 2025, included $85 million, or 10%, of total loans to lessors of non-residential buildings, $37 million, or 5%, of total loans to manufacturers of animal food, and $31 million, or 4%, of total loans to lessors of residential buildings. These loans are generally secured by real property and equipment, with repayment expected from operational cash flow. Credit evaluation is based on a review of cash flow coverage of principal, interest payments, and the adequacy of the collateral received.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in the provision for credit losses across all loan types was primarily related to the increase in loan volume as well as the average life extension of loans held in the portfolio. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in provision for commercial real estate was also affected by charge-offs of $303 thousand during the period. The increase in provision amounts for the remaining loan categories primarily relates to changes in loan volume and average life extension.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the increase in the provision for commercial and industrial loans primarily relates to one individually evaluated commercial loan relationship which has been charged-down to the fair value of the collateral. The commercial and industrial charge-off amount related to this loan relationship was $3.9 million and the commercial real estate charge-off for this same relationship was $420 thousand. The charge-offs also increased the historical loss rates which are applied to the active balances multiplied by the weighted average life of the loan pools. The remaining provision amounts for the quarter are primarily a result of changes in loan volume and weighted average remaining maturities of the loans in each category.

Age Analysis of Past-Due Loans Receivable and Nonperforming Loans

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past-due status.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 was $15 thousand and $43 thousand, respectively and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 was $25 thousand and $43 thousand respectively.

Collateral-Dependent Financial Assets

When loan repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral. The class of loan represents the primary collateral type associated with the loan. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loan:

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes all commercial loans before origination and an annual review of those with an outstanding commitment greater than $500 thousand. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass. Loans classified as pass (Cash Secured, Exceptional, Acceptable, Monitor, or Pass Watch) may exhibit a wide array of characteristics but at a minimum represent an acceptable risk to the Bank. Borrowers in this rating may have leveraged but acceptable balance sheet positions, satisfactory asset quality, stable to favorable sales and earnings trends, acceptable liquidity and adequate cash flow. Loans are considered fully collectible and require an average amount of administration. While generally adhering to credit policy, these loans may exhibit occasional exceptions that do not result in undue risk to the Bank. Borrowers are generally capable of absorbing setbacks, financial and otherwise, without the threat of failure.

Special Mention. Assets assigned a Special Mention grade are not considered classified assets but are considered criticized. These assets exhibit potential weaknesses that, deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, those potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank’s credit position at some future date. Loans in this rating warrant special attention but have not yet reached the point of concern for loss. These assets have deteriorated sufficiently to the point they would have difficulty refinancing elsewhere. Similarly, purchasers of the business would not be eligible for bank financing unless they represent a significantly stronger credit risk.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above-described process are considered to be pass rated loans. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following tables present the recorded investment in non-homogeneous loans by internal risk rating system as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

1 Balances include $3.3 million USDA guarantee.

2 Balances include $16.4 million USDA guarantee.

1 Balances include $1.9 million USDA guarantee.

2 Balances include $16.4 million USDA guarantee.

The Company monitors the credit risk profile by payment activity for the loan classes listed below. Loans past due 90 days or more and loans on nonaccrual status are considered nonperforming. The following table presents the amortized cost in consumer loans based on payment activity as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Consumer mortgages are substantially secured by one to four family owner occupied properties and consumer indirect loans are substantially secured by recreational vehicles. All nonperforming consumer loans are evaluated when placed on nonaccrual status and may be charged down based on the collateral fair value less cost to sell if that value is lower than the outstanding balance. As of September 30, 2025 there were no loans secured by consumer real estate in process of foreclosure.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Occasionally, the Bank modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing – principal forgiveness, term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. In some cases, the Bank may provide multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted.

There were no modifications of loans to borrowers in financial distress completed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

NOTE 4 – SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

The following table provides additional detail regarding repurchase agreements and the related collateral accounted for as secured borrowings.

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company provides disclosures about assets and liabilities carried at fair value. The framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three broad levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS(CONTINUED)

The following table presents the assets reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by level within the fair value hierarchy. No liabilities are carried at fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Equity securities with readily determinable values and U.S. Treasury Notes are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities or identical securities are traded. Obligations of U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions and corporate bonds are valued at observable market data for similar assets. Equity securities without readily determinable values are carried at amortized cost adjusted for impairment and observable price changes and are not included in the table below.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in determining the fair value of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as described below:

Individually evaluated collateral dependent loans: Loans that are collateral dependent are written down to fair value through the establishment of specific reserves. Techniques used to value the collateral securing these loans include: quoted market prices for identical assets classified as Level I inputs; observable inputs, employed by certified appraisers, for similar assets classified as Level II inputs. In cases where valuation techniques included unobservable inputs and are based on estimates and assumptions developed by management based on the best information available under each circumstance, the asset valuation is classified as Level III inputs.

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS(CONTINUED)

The following table presents the assets measured on a nonrecurring basis on the consolidated balance sheet at their fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by level within the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 6 –FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The estimated fair values of recognized financial instruments carried at amortized cost as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

NOTE 6 –FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS(CONTINUED)

Other financial instruments carried at amortized cost include cash and cash equivalents, restricted stock, bank-owned life insurance, accrued interest receivable, short-term borrowings, and accrued interest payable, all of which have a Level I fair value that approximates their carrying value. The Company also has unrecognized financial instruments on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, related to commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. The aggregate contract amount of such financial instruments was approximately $290 million on September 30, 2025 and $289 million on December 31, 2024.

The fair value estimates of financial instruments are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information. Since no ready market exists for a significant portion of the financial instruments, fair value estimates are largely based on judgments after considering such factors as future expected credit losses, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates.

Note 7-ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component net of tax for thethree and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024: