ORION ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Orion includes Orion Energy Systems, Inc., a Wisconsin corporation, and all consolidated subsidiaries. Orion provides light emitting diode lighting systems, wireless Internet of Things enabled control solutions, project engineering, energy project management design, maintenance services and turnkey electric vehicle charging station installation services to commercial and industrial businesses, and federal and local governments, predominantly in North America.

Orion’s corporate offices and leased primary manufacturing operations are located in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Orion also leases office space in Jacksonville, Florida and Lawrence, Massachusetts.

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Orion Energy Systems, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Orion have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026 or other interim periods.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Orion’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on June 26, 2025.

On August 22, 2025, Orion enacted a 1-for-10 reverse stock split in order to remain compliant with the Minimum Bid Price Rule. The par value was not adjusted for the reverse stock split. All share and per share data have been adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the reverse stock split.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during that reporting period. Areas that require the use of management estimates include revenue recognition, net realizable value of inventory, allowance for credit losses, accruals for warranty, loss contingencies, earnout, income taxes, impairment analyses, and certain equity transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Orion's cash is primarily deposited withone financial institution. At times, deposits in this institution exceeds the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Orion has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes that it is not exposed to any significant financial institution viability risk on these balances.

Orion purchases components necessary for its lighting products, including lamps and LED components, from multiple suppliers. For the three and six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no suppliers accounted for more than 10% of total cost of revenue.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 34.3% and 13.9% of total revenue, respectively. For thesix months ended September 30, 2025, one customer accounted for 32.2% of total revenue. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, two customers accounted for 25.0% and 12.5% of total revenue, respectively. For thesix months ended September 30, 2024, two customers accounted for 23.0% and 10.4% of total revenue, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025, one customer accounted for 20.9% of accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2025, one customer accounted for 13.0% of accounts receivable.

Compliance with the Continued Listing Standards of the Nasdaq Capital Market (“NASDAQ”)

As previously disclosed, on September 20, 2024, Orion received written notice from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of NASDAQ notifying Orion that it was not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Rule”) for continued listing on NASDAQ, asthe closing bid price of the Orion’s common stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive trading days. Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), Orion was granted 180 calendar days, or until March 19, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule which was followed by another 180-day extension. On March 19, 2025, Orion submitted a formal request to NASDAQ for an additional 180-calendar day period to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule and provided written notice to NASDAQ of its intent to effectuate a reverse stock split during the additional compliance period if necessary to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule.

On March 20, 2025, Orion received a letter from NASDAQ granting Orion the additional period, through September 15, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule.

Ultimately, in order to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule, Orion effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of its common stock as of the opening of trading on August 22, 2025.

As a result of the effect of Orion's reverse stock split, on September 8, 2025, Orion received a written notification from the Staff indicating that Orion had regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule. Consequently, Orion is now in compliance with all applicable listing standards of, and will continue to be listed on, the Nasdaq.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Issued: Not Yet Adopted

In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which modifies the current credit loss guidance in Topic 326 to expand on how an entity develops and estimate of expected credit losses. The amendments in this update provide (1) all entities with a practical expedient and (2) entities other than public business entities with an accounting policy election when estimating expected credit loses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606, as follows: 1. Practical expedient. In developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses, all entities may elect a practical expedient that assumes that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset. 2. Accounting policy election. An entity other than a public business entity that elects the practical expedient is permitted to make an accounting policy election to consider collection activity after the balance sheet date when estimating expected credit losses. The amendments will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual reporting periods in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. Orion is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which modifies the disclosure and presentation requirements relating to expenses shown on the statements of operations. The amendments in the update require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments require that at each interim and annual reporting period an entity: 1. Disclose the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization, and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil and gas-producing activities. 2. Include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current generally accepted accounting principles in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements. 3. Disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. 4. Disclose the total amount of selling expense and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. Orion is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity's income tax rate reconciliation table and disclosures regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Orion is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

NOTE 3 — REVENUE

Orion generates revenue primarily by selling commercial lighting fixtures and components, installing these fixtures in its customer's facilities, and providing maintenance services including repairs and replacements for the lighting and related electrical components deployed in its customer's facilities. Orion recognizes revenue in accordance with the guidance in "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606)(Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") "ASC" 606") when control of the goods or services being provided (which Orion refers to as a performance obligation) is transferred to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration management expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Prices are generally fixed at the time of order confirmation, either for the contract as a whole or for the hourly rates that will be charged for the type of maintenance services delivered. The amount of expected consideration includes estimated deductions and early payment discounts calculated based on historical experience, customer rebates based on agreed upon terms applied to actual and projected sales levels over the rebate period, and any amounts paid to customers in conjunction with fulfilling a performance obligation.

The sale of charging stations and related software subscriptions, renewals and extended warranty is presented in Product revenue. Orion is the principal in the sales of charging stations as it has control of the physical products prior to transfer to the customer. Accordingly, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. For certain sales, primarily software subscriptions, renewals, and extended warranty, Orion is the sales agent providing access to the content and recognize commission revenue net of amounts due to third parties who fulfill the performance obligation. For these sales, control passes at the point in time upon providing access of the content to the customer.

The sale of installation and services related to the EV charging business is presented in Service revenue. Revenue from the EV segment that includes both the sale of product and service is allocated between the product and service performance obligations based on relative standalone selling prices, and is recorded in Product revenue and Service revenue, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue from the lighting maintenance offering that includes both the sale of Orion manufactured or sourced product and service is allocated between the product and service performance obligations based on relative standalone selling prices, and is recorded in Product revenue and Service revenue, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following tables provide detail of Orion’s total revenue for thethree and six months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands):

From time to time, Orion sells the receivables from one customer to a financing institution. The total amount received from the advances of these receivables was $0.0 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Orion's losses on these sales were $26 thousand and $2 thousand for the three and six months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and are included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The total amount received from the advances of these receivables was $0.6 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024. Orion's losses on these sales were $18 thousand for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024.

The following chart shows the balance of Orion’s receivables arising from contracts with customers, contract assets and contract liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

(1)Within the revenue earned not billed line on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets,$0.1 million is accounted for as a sales type lease under ASC 842, and therefore not considered a "contract asset", which is an asset defined by ASC 606.

(2)Includes the unamortized portion of the funds received from the federal government in 2010 and 2011 as reimbursement for the costs to build the two facilities related to the power purchase agreements. As the transaction is not considered a contract with a customer, this value is not a contract liability as defined by ASC 606.

There wereno significant changes in the contract assets outside of standard increases due to timing of contract completion, offset by the reclassifications to accounts receivable, net upon billing. Deferred revenue, current as of September 30, 2025, and March 31, 2025, includes $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of contract liabilities which represent consideration received from a new customer contract on which installation has not yet begun and Orion has not fulfilled the promises included. Of the $0.4 million outstanding as of March 31, 2025, $0.3 million has been recognized as revenue for the six months ended September 30, 2025.

Orion's performance obligations related to lighting fixtures and EV charging stations typically do not exceed nine months in duration. As a result, Orion has elected the practical expedient that provides an exemption to the disclosure requirements regarding information about value assigned to remaining performance obligations on contracts that have original expected durations of one year or less.

NOTE 4 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, Orion's accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses balances were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Changes in Orion’s allowance for credit losses were as follows (dollars in thousands):

NOTE 5 — INVENTORIES

As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, Orion's inventory balances, net of excess and obsolete reserves of $2.0 million and $1.8 million, respectively, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

NOTE 6 — PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist primarily of prepaid insurance premiums, debt issue costs, prepaid subscription fees and value added tax receivable. Prepaid expenses totaled $1.0 million and $1.3 million as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively.

Other current assets as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 consists primarily of $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of prepaid software and services.

NOTE 7 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, property and equipment, net, included the following (dollars in thousands):

NOTE 8 — LEASES

From time to time, Orion leases assets from third parties. Orion also leases certain assets to third parties.

Under ASC 842, both finance and operating lease Right-Of-Use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities for leases with initial terms in excess of 12 months are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Orion recognizes lease expense for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, referred to as short term leases, on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

A summary of Orion’s assets leased from third parties follows (dollars in thousands):

Orion had operating lease costs of $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Orion had operating lease costsof $0.3 million and $0.7 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

The estimated maturity of lease liabilities for each of the remaining years is shown below (dollars in thousands):

Assets Orion Leases to Other Parties

Orion provides long-term financing to one customer who engages Orion in large turnkey projects that span between three and nine months. The customer executes an agreement providing for monthly payments, at a fixed monthly amount, of the contract price, plus interest, over typically a five-year period. The total transaction price in these contracts is allocated between product and services in the same manner as all other turnkey projects. The portion of the transaction associated with the installation is accounted for consistently with all other installation related performance obligations under ASC 606.

While Orion retains ownership of the light fixtures during the financing period, the transaction terms and the underlying economics associated with used lighting fixtures results in Orion essentially ceding ownership of the lighting fixtures to the customer after completion of the agreement. Therefore, the portions of the transaction associated with the sale of the multiple individual light fixtures is accounted for as a sales-type lease under ASC 842.

Revenues, and production and acquisition costs, associated with sales-type leases are included in Product revenue and Cost of product revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. These amounts are recorded for each fixture separately based on the customer’s monthly acknowledgment that specified fixtures have been installed and are operating as specified. The execution of the acknowledgment is considered the commencement date as defined in ASC 842.

The following chart shows the amount of revenue and cost of sales arising from sales-type leases during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in thousands):

NOTE 9 — GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Orion recorded $0.9 million of goodwill related to its purchase of Voltrek LLC ("Voltrek") in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, which has an indefinite life, and is assigned to the EV Charging operating segment.

Orion recorded $0.6 million of goodwill related to its purchase of Stay-Light Lighting, Inc. during fiscal year 2022, which has an indefinite life, and is assigned to the Maintenance operating segment.

As of September 30, 2025, and March 31, 2025, the components of, and changes in, the carrying amount of other intangible assets, net, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Amortization expense on intangible assetswas $0.2 million and $0.5 million forthe three and six months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2026, the next five fiscal years and beyond is shown below (dollars in thousands):

NOTE 10 — ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER

As of September 30, 2025, and March 31, 2025, accrued expenses and other included the following (dollars in thousands):

Orion generally offers a limited warranty ofone toten years on its lighting products, including the pass-through of standard warranties offered by major original equipment component manufacturers. The manufacturers’ warranties cover lamps, power supplies, LED modules, chips and drivers, control devices, and other fixture related items, which are significant components in Orion's lighting products.

Changes in Orion’s warranty accrual (both current and long-term) were as follows (dollars in thousands):

As of March 31, 2025, the balance of the accrued acquisition earnout was $3.3 million. During the second quarter, Orion issued common stock to Final Frontier to the value of $1 million and paid $875 thousand in cash as partial payment of the accrued acquisition earnout. See Note 12 below for additional details around the remaining accrued earnout liability. These compensatory payments have been expensed over the course of the earnout periods to the extent they were or are earned. On June 23, 2025, Orion entered into a binding term sheet (the “Initial Term Sheet”) with respect to its remaining earnout obligations owed to the owner of Voltrek pursuant to the Voltrek Acquisition, and on July 31, 2025, Orion entered into an amendment to the Initial Term Sheet (the "Term Sheet Amendment"), each as further described in Note 12 below. Pursuant to the Initial Term Sheet, as amended by the Term Sheet Amendment (the “Term Sheet”), on September 30, 2025, Orion, as borrower, Great Lakes Energy Technologies, LLC (“Great Lakes”), Clean Energy Solutions, LLC (“Clean Energy”), Orion Asset Management, LLC (“Asset Management”), Orion Technologies Ventures, LLC (“Orion Technology”, and together with Voltrek, Clean Energy, Asset Management and Orion Technology, the “Company Subsidiaries”) and Voltrek, as guarantors, and Final Frontier, as lender, entered into a senior subordinated loan agreement (the “Subordinated Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which Final Frontier agreed to defer payment of the Remaining Earnout Amount (as defined below) by Orion pursuant to the terms of the Subordinated Loan Agreement. Orion’s obligation to pay the Remaining Earnout Amount is further evidenced by a senior subordinated note issued by Orion under the Subordinated Loan Agreement (the “Senior Subordinated Note”).

NOTE 11 — NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period and does not consider common stock equivalents.

Diluted net loss per common share reflects the dilution that would occur if restricted shares were vested. In the computation of diluted net loss per common share, Orion uses the treasury stock method for outstanding options and restricted shares. For the three and six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Orion was in a net loss position; therefore, the Basic and Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding are equal because any increase to the basic shares would be anti-dilutive. Net loss per common share is calculated based upon the following shares:

The following table indicates the number of potentially dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of Diluted net loss per common share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. The number of shares is as of the end of each period:

NOTE 12 — DEBT

Debt, including the revolving credit facility, consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

Revolving Credit Facility

On December 29, 2020, Orion entered into a $25 million Loan and Security Agreement with Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”), as lender (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a $25.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) that matures on June 30, 2027. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are subject to a borrowing base requirement based on eligible receivables, inventory and cash. As of September 30, 2025, the borrowing base of the Credit Facility supported approximately $14.1 million of availability, with $8.3 million of remaining availability net of $5.8 million borrowed.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are permitted in the form of Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), or prime rate-based loans and generally bear interest at floating rates plus an applicable margin determined by reference to Orion’s availability under the Credit Agreement. Among other fees, Orion is required to pay an annual facility fee and a fee on the unused portion of the Credit Facility.

The Credit Agreement includes a springing minimum fixed cost coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 when excess availability under the Credit Facility falls below $4.0 million of the committed facility. Currently, the required springing minimum fixed cost coverage ratio is not required.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default and other covenants, including certain restrictions on Orion's ability to incur additional indebtedness, consolidate or merge, enter into acquisitions, pay any dividend or distribution on Orion's stock, redeem, retire, or purchase shares of Orion's stock, make investments or pledge or transfer assets. If an event of default under the Credit Agreement occurs and is continuing, then the lender may cease making advances under the Credit Agreement and declare any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if Orion becomes the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement will automatically become immediately due and payable.

Effective November 4, 2022, Orion, with Bank of America as lender, executed Amendment No. 1 to its Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”). The primary purpose of Amendment No. 1 was to include the assets of the acquired subsidiaries, Stay-Lite Lighting, Inc. (“Stay-Lite”) and Voltrek, as secured collateral under the Credit Agreement. Accordingly, eligible assets of Stay-Lite and Voltrek will be included in the borrowing base calculation for the purpose of establishing the monthly borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement. Amendment No. 1 also clarified that the earnout liabilities associated with the Stay-Lite and Voltrek transactions are permitted under the Credit Agreement and that the expenses recognized in connection with those earnouts should be added back in the computation of EBITDA, as defined, under the Credit Agreement.

Effective April 22, 2024, Orion, with Bank of America as lender, executed Amendment No. 2 to its Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 2”). The primary purpose of Amendment No. 2 was to add a $3.525 million mortgage loan facility to the Credit Agreement secured by Orion’s office headquarters property in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Amendment No. 2 also broadened the definition of receivables to encompass government receivables as being eligible to be included in Orion’s borrowing base calculation for the purpose of establishing Orion monthly borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement. Quarterly installments of $88,125 are due on the first day of each fiscal quarter beginning October 1, 2024.

Effective October 30, 2024, Orion, with Bank of America as lender, executed Amendment No. 3 ("Amendment No. 3") to its Credit Agreement. The primary purpose of Amendment No. 3 was to extend the maturity date of the Credit Facility from December 29, 2025 to June 30, 2027.

As of September 30, 2025, Orion was in compliance with all debt covenants.

Subordinated Debt

The below table outlines the total subordinated debt, net of the costs incurred to issue the debt (numbers in thousands):

Effective on June 23, 2025, Orion entered into the Term Sheet with Final Frontier, LLC (“Final Frontier”) and its owner Kathleen Connors, the prior owner of Voltrek, with respect to Orion’s remaining earnout obligations owed to Final Frontier pursuant to its October 5, 2022 acquisition of Voltrek. Pursuant to the Term Sheet, on August 1, 2025, Orion paid Final Frontier $500,000, and on September 2, 2025 Orion paid an additional $375,000, in full and final payment of its fiscal 2024 Voltrek acquisition earnout obligations. Additionally, pursuant to the Term Sheet, on July 16, 2025, Orion issued $1.0 million in common stock of Orion, constituting 164,908 shares, to Kathleen Connors in partial payment of Orion’s fiscal 2025 and aggregate fiscal 2023 through fiscal 2025 earnout obligations. Orion agreed with Final Frontier to pay the remainder of the finally determined remaining amount of Orion’s fiscal 2025 earnout obligations (the “Remaining Earnout Amount”) pursuant to the Subordinated Loan Agreement (as defined below). In addition, Orion and Final Frontier agreed to submit the final determination of its Remaining Earnout Amount to binding arbitration.

Pursuant to the Term Sheet, on September 30, 2025, Orion, as borrower, the Company Subsidiaries and Voltrek, as guarantors, and Final Frontier, as lender, entered into the Subordinated Loan Agreement, pursuant to which Final Frontier agreed to defer payment of the Remaining Earnout Amount by Orion pursuant to the terms of the Subordinated Loan Agreement. Orion’s obligation to pay the Remaining Earnout Amount is further evidenced by the Senior Subordinated Note. Orion agreed to pay monthly principal payments to Final Frontier on the Senior Subordinated Note of $25,000 beginning on January 15, 2026, which will increase to $50,000 on July 15, 2026 through the maturity date of July 15, 2027. Orion also agreed to pay interest monthly to Final Frontier at the annual rate of 7% beginning on July 15, 2025, subject to adjustment following the final determination in binding arbitration of the Remaining Earnout Amount, as set forth in more detail in the Subordinated Loan Agreement. Orion has the right to pay up to 20% of the remaining principal on the Senior Subordinated Note on the maturity date in shares of its common stock.

On September 30, 2025, in order to secure Orion’s obligations to Final Frontier under the Subordinated Loan Agreement and Senior Subordinated Note, Orion, the Company Subsidiaries and Final Frontier entered into a security agreement (the “Security Agreement”), pursuant to which Orion and each Company Subsidiary granted Final Frontier a security interest in, and lien upon, substantially all of Orion’s and each Company Subsidiary’s assets, which security interest and lien are subordinated pursuant to the Subordination Agreement (as defined below) to the first priority security interest and lien of Bank of America.

Additionally, on September 30, 2025, Orion, the Company Subsidiaries, Final Frontier and Bank of America, entered into a subordination and intercreditor agreement (the “Subordination Agreement”), pursuant to which Orion and the Company Subsidiaries’ obligations under the Subordinated Loan Agreement and Senior Subordinated Note and liens granted under the Security Agreement are subordinated to Orion’s senior credit facilities with Bank of America, as set forth in more detail in the Subordination Agreement.

In connection with Orion’s entry into the Subordinated Loan Agreement, Senior Subordinated Note, Security Agreement and Subordination Agreement, on September 30, 2025, Orion, the Company Subsidiaries and Bank of America entered into an Amendment No. 4 to its Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 4”), pursuant to which Bank of America consented to the subordinated liens granted by Orion and the Company Subsidiaries in favor of Final Frontier and consented to the Remaining Earnout Amount evidenced by the Subordinated Loan Agreement in (a) a maximum amount of up $3.0 million following the final determination in binding arbitration of the Remaining Earnout Amount or (b) such higher amount as consented to in writing by Bank of America promptly following its receipt of notice of the binding arbitration decision. In addition, Amendment No. 4 permits Orion to make the cash interest and principal payments to Final Frontier as set forth in the Subordinated Loan Agreement, subject to the terms set forth in Amendment No. 4 and the Subordination Agreement.

The carrying value of the subordinated debt approximates fair value.

Voltrek Earnout

The initial purchase price in the Voltrek Acquisition consisted of $5.0 million cash and $1.0 million of common stock. We also paid $3.0 million in initial earnout payments based on Voltrek's financial performance in fiscal 2023. We may owe additional material earnout payments based on Voltrek's financial performance in fiscal 2025.

The final Voltrek Acquisition Remaining Earnout Amount determined to be owed by us could be in excess of our current accrued liability for such Remaining Earnout Amount and could materially adversely affect our future liquidity.

NOTE 13 —INCOME TAXES

Orion’s income tax provision was determined by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate, based upon the facts and circumstances known, to book loss before income tax, adjusting for discrete items. Orion’s actual effective tax rate is adjusted each interim period, as appropriate, for changes in facts and circumstances. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Orion recorded income tax expense of $10 thousand and $23 thousand, respectively. For the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Orion recorded income tax expense of $23 thousand and $44 thousand, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, Orion had a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset balance. Orion considers future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. In the event that Orion determines that the deferred tax assets are able to be realized, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination is made.

Uncertain Tax Positions

As of September 30, 2025, Orion’s balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits was approximately $0.3 million, all of which would reduce Orion’s effective tax rate if recognized.

Orion has classified the amounts recorded for uncertain tax benefits in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Other long-term liabilities to the extent that payment is not anticipated within one year. Orion recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax liabilities in income tax (benefit) expense. Penalties and interest are included in the unrecognized tax benefits.

NOTE 14 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

Orion is subject to various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Orion does not believe the final resolution of any of such claims or legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on Orion’s future results of operations or financial condition.

NOTE 15 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Reverse Stock Split

On August 22, 2025, Orion enacted a 1-for-10 reverse stock split in order to remain compliant with the Minimum Bid Price Rule. The par value was not adjusted for the reverse stock split. All share and per share data have been adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the reverse stock split.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2010, Orion’s board of directors approved a non-compensatory employee stock purchase plan, or “ESPP”. In the three months ended September 30, 2025, Orion issued 20 shares under the ESPP plan at a closing market price of $8.76. In the three months ended September 30, 2024, Orion issued 69 shares under the ESPP plan at a closing market price of $8.60.

Sale of Shares

In March 2023, Orion filed a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Under the shelf registration statement, Orion currently has the flexibility to publicly offer and sell from time to time up to $100 million of debt and/or equity securities, subject to regulatory limitations. The filing of the shelf registration statement may help facilitate Orion’s ability to raise public equity or debt capital to expand existing businesses, fund potential acquisitions, invest in other growth opportunities, repay existing debt, or for other general corporate purposes.

In March 2021, Orion entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement to undertake an “at the market” (ATM) public equity capital raising program pursuant to which Orion may offer and sell shares of common stock from time to time, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50 million. In March 2025, the ATM was terminated without any shares being sold thereunder.

NOTE 16 — STOCK OPTIONS AND RESTRICTED SHARES

At Orion’s 2023 annual meeting of shareholders, Orion’s shareholders approved the Orion Energy Systems, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “Amended 2016 Plan”). The Amended 2016 Plan increased the number of shares of Orion’s common stock available for issuance under the Amended 2016 Plan from 350,000 shares to 600,000 shares (an increase of 250,000 shares); added a minimum vesting period for all awards granted under the Amended 2016 Plan (with limited exceptions); and added a specific prohibition on the payment of dividends and dividend equivalents on unvested awards.

The Amended 2016 Plan authorizes grants of equity-based and incentive cash awards to eligible participants designated by the Plan's administrator. Awards under the Amended 2016 Plan may consist of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units, common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units, incentive awards or dividend equivalent units.

The Amended 2016 Plan also permits accelerated vesting in the event of certain changes of control of Orion as well as under other special circumstances. Certain non-employee directors have from time to time elected to receive stock awards in lieu of cash compensation pursuant to elections made under Orion’s non-employee director compensation program.

The following amounts of Orion's consolidated stock-based compensation were recorded (dollars in thousands):

The following table summarizes information with respect to performance-vesting restricted stock and time vesting-restricted stock activity:

The following table summarized information with respect to performance-based option and time-based option activity:

As of September 30, 2025, the amount of deferred stock-based compensation expense to be recognized, over a remaining period of 1.8 years, was approximately $1.3 million.

NOTE 17 —SEGMENT DATA

Reportable segments are components of an entity that have separate financial data that the entity's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") regularly reviews when allocating resources and assessing performance. Orion's CODM is the chief executive officer. Orion's CODM focuses primarily on each segment's ability to generate sufficient revenues and manage cost of services along with operating expenses. As such, the CODM measures operating performance at the segment level based on operating income or loss, including evaluation of budget to actual variances. Orion evaluates and reports on the business using three segments: lighting segment, maintenance segment and electric vehicle charging segment (“EV segment”).

The lighting segment develops and sells lighting products and provides construction and engineering services for Orion's commercial lighting and energy management systems. The lighting segment provides engineering, design, lighting products and in many cases turnkey solutions for large national accounts, governments, municipalities, schools and other customers mostly through direct sales and also sells lighting products though manufacturer representative agencies and to the wholesale contractor markets through energy service companies and contractors.

The maintenance segment provides retailers, distributors and other businesses with maintenance, repair and replacement services for the lighting and related electrical components deployed in their facilities.

The EV segment offers leading electric vehicle charging expertise, sells and installs sourced electric vehicle charging stations with related software subscriptions and renewals and provides EV turnkey installation solutions with ongoing support to all commercial verticals.

Corporate and Other

Corporate and other is comprised of operating expenses not allocated to Orion’s segments and adjustments to reconcile to consolidated results.

NOTE 18 — RESTRUCTURING

As part of Orion's restructuring effort in fiscal 2025, Orion entered into certain retention bonus agreements with certain key employees. The remainder of those retention bonuses were paid in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 and are not anticipated to recur. In addition, an inventory write-off was recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2025 for inventory related to a customer Orion no longer does busi ness with due to the restructuring, along with a lease breakage fee that occurred in the second quarter of fiscal

2025 due to the closing of the Pewaukee office. Orion's restructuring expense for the three and six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is reflected within its Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as follows (dollars in thousands):

Total restructuring expense by segment was recorded as follows (dollars in thousands):