HANCOCK WHITNEY CORP

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLI DATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hancock Whitney Corporation and all other entities in which it has a controlling interest (the “Company”). The financial statements include all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly state the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The Company has also evaluated all subsequent events for potential recognition and disclosure through the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report” or “report”). Some financial information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Financial information reported in these financial statements is not necessarily indicative of the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows for any other interim or annual period.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These changes in presentation did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or operating results.

Use of Estimates

The accounting principles the Company follows and the methods for applying these principles conform to GAAP and general practices followed by the banking industry. These accounting principles require management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounting Policies

There were no material changes or developments during the reporting period with respect to methodologies that the Company uses when applying what management believes are critical accounting policies and developing critical accounting estimates as disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

2. Acquisition

On May 2, 2025, the Company acquired net assets of Sabal Trust Company (“Sabal”) with cash consideration. Sabal was the largest independent, employee-owned non-depository trust company in Florida that provides trust administration, investment management, retirement planning, estate settlement, and family office services. The acquisition provides the opportunity to expand the Company’s market share of investment management and trust business in certain high-growth markets in Central Florida. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination.

The following table sets forth the preliminary acquisition date fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed, the consideration paid, and the resulting goodwill as of September 30, 2025.

Identifiable intangible assets include customer relationships that are being amortized using an accelerated method based on forecasted cash flows over a useful life of approximately 24 years. Goodwill represents the excess of consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired and is comprised of the estimated future economic benefits arising from the transaction that cannot be individually identified or do not qualify for separate recognition. These benefits include expanded presence in existing markets, operational expertise and synergies. The resulting goodwill is deductible for federal income tax purposes.

The operating results of the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 include the results from the operations of the acquired trust and asset management business from the date of acquisition. The results are not material to the Company’s results of operations and, as such, supplemental proforma financial information is not presented. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of approximately $5.9 million, primarily in the data processing, professional services, and personnel expense line items in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

3. Securities

The following tables set forth the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of debt securities classified as available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Amortized cost of securities does not include accrued interest which is reflected in the accrued interest line item on the consolidated balance sheets totaling $31.8 million at September 30, 2025 and $29.8 million at December 31, 2024.

The following tables present the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2025 by contractual maturity. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because of rights to call or repay obligations with or without penalties and scheduled and unscheduled principal payments on mortgage-backed securities and collateral mortgage obligations.

The Company heldno securities classified as trading at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

There wereno gross gains or gross losses on sales of securities during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Net gains or losses, when applicable, are reflected in the "Securities transactions, net" line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Securities with carrying values totaling approxim ately $3.2 billionand $3.9 billion were pledged as collateral at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, primarily to secure public deposits or securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

Credit Quality

The Company’s policy is to invest only in securities of investment grade quality. These investments are largely limited to U.S. agency securities and municipal securities. Management has concluded, based on the long history of no credit losses, that the expectation of nonpayment of the held to maturity securities carried at amortized cost is zero for securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. As such, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. The municipal portfolio is analyzed separately for allowance for credit loss in accordance with the applicable guidance for each portfolio as noted below.

The Company evaluates credit impairment for individual securities available for sale whose fair value was below amortized cost with a more than inconsequential risk of default and where the Company had assessed whether the decline in fair value was significant enough to suggest a credit event occurred. There wereno securities with a material credit loss event and, therefore, no allowance for credit loss was recorded in any period presented.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses for securities classified as available for sale with unrealized losses for the periods indicated follow.

At each reporting period, the Company evaluated its held to maturity municipal obligation portfolio for credit loss using probability of default and loss given default models. The models were run using a long-term average probability of default migration and with a probability weighting of Moody’s economic forecasts. The resulting credit losses, if any, were negligible and no allowance for credit loss was recorded.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses for securities classified as held to maturity with unrealized losses for the periods indicated follow.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had 611 and 729 securities, respectively, with market values below their cost basis. There were no material unrealized losses related to the marketability of the securities or the issuer’s ability to meet contractual obligations. In all cases, the indicated impairment on these debt securities would be recovered no later than the security’s maturity date or possibly earlier if the market price for the security increases with a reduction in the yield required by the market. The unrealized losses were deemed to be non-credit related at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. At September 30, 2025, the Company had adequate liquidity and, therefore, neither planned nor expected to be required to liquidate these securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company generally makes loans in its market areas of southern and central Mississippi; southern and central Alabama; northwest, central and southern Louisiana; the northern, central and panhandle regions of Florida; certain areas of east and northeast Texas; and the metropolitan areas of Nashville, Tennessee and Atlanta, Georgia. In addition, and to a lesser degree, the Bank makes loans both regionally and nationally, generally through its specialty lines of business, including the equipment finance, commercial real estate and healthcare segments, often with sponsors in our market areas.

The following table presents loans at their amortized cost basis, by portfolio class at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The amortized cost basis is net of unearned income and excludes accrued interest totaling $107.6 million and $109.8 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accrued interest is reflected in the accrued interest line item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following briefly describes the composition of each loan category and portfolio class.

Commercial and industrial

Commercial and industrial loans are made available to businesses for working capital (including financing of inventory and receivables), for business expansion, facilitating the acquisition of a business, and for the purchase of equipment and machinery, including equipment leasing. These loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and, when secured, have the added strength of the underlying collateral.

Commercial non-real estate loans may be secured by the assets being financed or other tangible or intangible business assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, ownership, enterprise value or commodity interests, and may incorporate a personal or corporate guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis, including a small portfolio of corporate credit cards, generally issued as a part of overall customer relationships.

Commercial real estate – owner occupied loans consist of commercial mortgages on properties where repayment is generally dependent on the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities of the borrower. Like commercial non-real estate, these loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower, but also have the added strength of the value of underlying real estate collateral.

Commercial real estate – income producing

Commercial real estate – income producing loans consist of loans secured by commercial mortgages on properties where the loan is made to real estate developers or investors and repayment is dependent on the sale, refinance, or income generated from the operation of the property. Properties financed include multifamily, retail, healthcare related facilities, industrial, office, hotel/motel and restaurants, and other commercial properties.

Construction and land development

Construction and land development loans are made to facilitate the acquisition, development, improvement and construction of both commercial and residential-purpose properties. Such loans are made to builders and investors where repayment is expected to be made from the sale, refinance or operation of the property or to businesses to be used in their business operations. This portfolio also includes residential construction loans and loans secured by raw land not yet under development.

Residential mortgages

Residential mortgages consist of closed-end loans secured by first liens on 1-4 family residential properties. The portfolio includes both fixed and adjustable rate loans, although most longer-term, fixed rate loans originated are sold in the secondary mortgage market.

Consumer

Consumer loans include second lien mortgage home loans, home equity lines of credit and nonresidential consumer purpose loans. Nonresidential consumer loans include both direct and indirect loans. Direct nonresidential consumer loans are made to finance the purchase of personal property, including automobiles, recreational vehicles and boats, and for other personal purposes (secured and unsecured), and also include deposit account secured loans. Indirect nonresidential consumer loans include automobile financing provided to the consumer through an agreement with automobile dealerships, though the Company is no longer engaged in this type of lending and the remaining portfolio is in runoff. Consumer loans also include a small portfolio of credit card receivables issued on the basis of applications received through referrals from the Bank’s branches, online and other marketing efforts.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The calculation of the allowance for credit losses is performed using two primary approaches: a collective approach for pools of loans that have similar risk characteristics using a loss rate analysis, and a specific reserve analysis for credits individually evaluated. The allowance for credit losses for collectively evaluated portfolios is developed using multiple Moody’s macroeconomic forecasts applied to internally developed credit models for a two-year reasonable and supportable period.

The following tables present activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio class for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, as well as the allowance for credit loss by primary calculation method at the end of each period.

In arriving at the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2025, the Company weighted Moody’s September 2025 baseline economic forecast at 50%, and the downside mild recessionary S-2 scenario at 50%. The September 2025 baseline scenario, which Moody’s defines as the most likely outcome of where the economy is headed based on current conditions, reflects the impact of increasing tariffs and jobless rates, among other factors, resulting in weak growth in the near term. The S-2 scenario is a more severe scenario compared to the baseline, with economic conditions resulting in a mild recession beginning in the fourth quarter of 2025 and lasting for three quarters.

The allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2025 reflects a modest net decrease in total reserves compared to December 31, 2024, largely driven by the commercial real estate – income producing and the construction and land development portfolios, which was partially offset by increases in commercial non-real estate due to the expected impact of continued stress from current market conditions on our borrowers.

The increase in the allowance for credit loss at September 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023, reflected a relatively consistent credit loss outlook with continued focus on risks that impact certain segments within the Company's loan portfolio. In arriving at the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2024, the Company weighted the baseline economic forecast at 40% and the downside S-2 mild recession scenario at 60%.

Nonaccrual Loans and Certain Reportable Modified Loan Disclosures

The following table shows the composition of nonaccrual loans and those without an allowance for loan loss, by portfolio class.

As a part of our loss mitigation efforts, we may provide modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to improve long-term collectability of the loans and to avoid the need for repossession or foreclosure of collateral. Nonaccrual loans include reportable nonaccruing modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (“MEFDs”) totaling$9.3 million and $20.2 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Total reportable MEFDs, both accruing and nonaccruing, were $91.5 million and $99.5 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had unfunded exposure to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified as a reportable MEFD totaling $4.7 million and $6.9 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The tables below provide detail by portfolio class for reportable MEFDs entered into during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Modified facilities are reported using the balance at the end of each period reported and are reflected only once in each table based on the type of modification or combination of modification.

Reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended September 30, 2025 consisted of weighted average term extensions totaling approximately seven months for commercial loans and 3 years for residential mortgage and consumer loans. Reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 consisted of weighted average term extensions totaling approximately 11 months for commercial loans and 18 months for residential mortgage loans and 31 months for consumer. The weighted average term of other than insignificant payment delays for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 1 year for residential loans and 7 months for consumer loans. The weighted average term of other than insignificant payment delays for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 wasfour months for commercial loans and 10 months for residential mortgage loans andseven months for consumer. The weighted-average interest rate reduction for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 for the residential portfolio was 240 basis points Reported term extensions and payment delays are considered more than insignificant when they exceed six months when considering other modifications made in the past twelve months.

Reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of weighted average term extensions totaling approximately nine months for commercial loans, andtwo years for residential mortgage loans. Reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of weighted average term extensions totaling approximately nine months for commercial loans, five years for residential mortgage loans andfour years for consumer loans. The weighted average term of other than insignificant payment delays wasthree months for commercial loans during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The tables that follow present the aging analysis of reportable modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by portfolio class at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

There were loans totwo comm ercial borrowers tota ling $3.3 million andone consumer loan totaling $0.1 million with reportable term extensions and/or significant payment delays that had post modification payment defaults during the three months ended September 30, 2025. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2025, there were loans to seven commercial borrowers totaling $27.6 million, andtwo consumer borrowers totaling $0.2 million with reportable term extension modifications, significant payment delays and/or interest rate reductions that had post modification payment defaults. There were loans tothree commercial borrowers totaling $3.6 million, two residential mortgage borrowers totaling $0.3 million andone consumer borrower totaling $0.2 million with reportable term extensions and/or significant payment delays and interest rate reduction modifications that had post modification payment defaults during the three month period ended September 30, 2024. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2024, there were loans tosix commercial borrowers totaling $13.2 million, three residential mortgage borrowers totaling $0.4 million, andone consumer borrower totaling $0.2 million with reportable term extensions and/or significant payment delays and interest rate reduction modifications that had post modification payment defaults. A payment default occurs if the loan is either 90 days or more delinquent or has been charged off as of the end of the period presented.

Aging Analysis

The tables below present the aging analysis of past due loans by portfolio class at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present the credit quality indicators by segment and portfolio class of loans at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company routinely assesses the ratings of loans in its portfolio through an established and comprehensive portfolio management process.

Below are the definitions of the Company’s internally assigned grades:

Commercial:

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Pass – loans properly approved, documented, collateralized, and performing which do not reflect an abnormal credit risk.

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Pass-Watch – credits in this category are of sufficient risk to cause concern. This category is reserved for credits that display negative performance trends. The “Watch” grade should be regarded as a transition category.

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Special Mention – a criticized asset category defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit or the institution’s credit position. Special mention credits are not considered part of the classified credit categories and do not expose the institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

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Substandard – an asset that is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

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Doubtful – an asset that has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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Loss – credits classified as loss are considered uncollectable and are charged off promptly once so classified.

Residential and Consumer:

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Performing – accruing loans.

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Nonperforming – loans for which there are good reasons to doubt that payments will be made in full. Nonperforming loans include all loans with nonaccrual status.

Vintage Analysis

The following tables present credit quality disclosures of amortized cost by class and vintage for term loans and by revolving and revolving converted to amortizing at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The Company defines vintage as the later of origination, renewal or modification date. The gross charge-offs presented in the tables that follow are for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

Residential Mortgage Loans in Process of Foreclosure

Loans in process of foreclosure include those for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. Included in loans at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $13.0 millionand $10.5 million, respectively, of loans secured by single family residential real estate that were in process of foreclosure. In addition to the single family residential real estate loans in process of foreclosure, the Company also held foreclosed single family residential properties in other real estate owned totaling $3.7 million and $2.0 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale totaled $33.2 millionand $21.5 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Loans held for sale is composed primarily of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market. At September 30, 2025, residential mortgage loans carried at the fair value option totaled $33.2 million with an unpaid principal balance of $32.3 million. At December 31, 2024, residential mortgage loans carried at the fair value option totaled $18.9 million with an unpaid principal balance of $18.6 million. All other loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market.

5. Investments in Low Income Housing Tax Credit Entities

The Company invests in certain affordable housing project limited partnerships that are qualified low-income housing tax credit developments. These investments are considered variable interest entities for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary and, therefore, are not consolidated. These partnerships generate low-income tax credits that are earned over a 10-year period, beginning with the year the rental activity begins. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient method of amortization, which approximates the proportional amortization method, whereby the investment cost is amortized in proportion to the allocated tax credits over the 10 yeartax credit period. Additionally, the Company recognizes deferred taxes on the basis difference of the tax equity investment to reflect the financial impact of other tax benefits (e.g., tax operating losses) not included in the practical expedient amortization. The tax credits, when realized, are reflected in the consolidated statements of income as a reduction of income tax expense. The Company’s investments in affordable housing limited partnerships totaled $37.5 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, with a carry balance net of accumulated amortization included in the other assets line item on our Consolidated Balance Sheets totaling $22.8 million and $25.6 million, respectively, for those same periods. The net impact of the low-income housing tax credit program was not material to our Consolidated Statements of Income or Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

6. Short term borrowings

Short-term borrowings include Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances totaling $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2025. There wereno FHLB advances outstanding at December 31, 2024. At September 30, 2025, FHLB advances outstanding was comprised of three fixed rate notes with a weighted average interest rate of 4.22% maturing on October 1, November 3, and December 1, 2025. As short-term advances mature, they are generally paid off and replaced with new short-term FHLB advances, if warranted, depending on funding needs.

Also included in short-term borrowings are securities sold under agreements to repurchase that mature daily and are secured by U.S. agency securities totaling$616.2 million and $638.7 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company borrows funds on a secured basis by selling securities under agreements to repurchase, mainly in connection with treasury management services offered to its deposit customers. As the Company maintains effective control over assets sold under agreements to repurchase, the securities continue to be carried on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Because the Company acts as borrower transferring assets to the counterparty, and the agreements mature daily, the Company’s risk is limited.

The remaining balances in short-term borrowings of $0.3 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are federal funds purchased, which are unsecured borrowings from other banks, generally on an overnight basis.

7. Derivatives

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage risks related to differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments. The Bank also enters into interest rate derivative agreements as a service to certain qualifying customers. The Bank manages a matched book with respect to these customer derivatives in order to minimize its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such agreements. In addition, the Bank also enters into risk participation agreements under which it may either sell or buy credit risk associated with a customer’s performance under certain interest rate derivative contracts related to loans in which participation interests have been sold to or purchased from other banks.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet

The table below presents the notional or contractual amounts and fair values of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(1)

Derivative assets and liabilities are reported in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)

Represents balance sheet netting of derivative assets and liabilities for variation margin collateral held or placed with the same central clearing counterparty. See offsetting assets and liabilities for further information.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company is party to various interest rate swap agreements designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges of the Company’s forecasted variable cash flows for pools of variable rate loans. For each agreement, the Company receives interest at a fixed rate and pays at a variable rate. The Company has terminated certain interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges prior to maturity, including four agreements during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, for which the Company paid approximately $13.7 million. There wereno terminated interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The net cash received/paid for cash flow hedge terminations was recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is being amortized into earnings through the original maturity dates of the respective contracts. The notional amounts of the active interest rate swap agreements at September 30, 2025 expire as follows: $50 million in 2025; $425 million in 2026; $825 million in 2027; $50 million in 2028; and $375 million thereafter.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate swaps on securities available for sale

The Company is party to forward-starting fixed payer swaps that convert the latter portion of the term of certain available for sale securities to a floating rate. These derivative instruments are designated as fair value hedges of interest rate risk. This strategy provides the Company with a fixed rate coupon during the front-end unhedged tenor of the bonds and results in a floating rate security during the back-end hedged tenor. At September 30, 2025, these single layer instruments have hedge start dates between January 2025 and July 2026, and maturity dates from December 2027 through March 2031. The change in the fair value of the hedged item attributable to interest rate risk is presented in interest income along with the change in the fair value of the hedging instrument.

During the nine months ending September 30, 2025, $203.5 million of fair value hedges became effective with the resulting net earnings recorded in interest income on the "Securities-taxable" line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Once effective, fair value hedges synthetically convert the notional portion of the hedged asset to a variable rate over the life of the hedge that is indexed to the federal funds effective rate.

The Company terminatedone swap agreement designated as a fair value hedge during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and received cash of approximately $2.3 million. At the time of termination, the value of the swap was recorded as an adjustment to the book value of the underlying security, thereby changing its current book yield and extending its duration. There wereno fair value swap agreements terminated during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The hedged available for sale securities are part of closed portfolios of pre-payable commercial mortgage backed securities. In accordance with ASC 815, prepayment risk may be excluded when measuring the change in fair value of such hedged items attributable to interest rate risk under the portfolio layer method. At September 30, 2025, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolio of pre-payable commercial mortgage backed securities totaled $432.2 million, excluding any basis adjustment. The amount that represents the hedged items was $374.4 million and the basis adjustment associated with the hedged items was a loss totaling$23.1 million.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges

Customer interest rate derivative program

The Bank enters into interest rate derivative agreements, primarily rate swaps, with commercial banking customers to facilitate their risk management strategies. The Bank enters into offsetting agreements with unrelated financial institutions, thereby mitigating its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Because the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

Risk participation agreements

The Bank also enters into risk participation agreements under which it may either assume or sell credit risk associated with a borrower’s performance under certain interest rate derivative contracts. In those instances where the Bank has assumed credit risk, it is not a direct counterparty to the derivative contract with the borrower and has entered into the risk participation agreement because it is a party to the related loan agreement with the borrower. In those instances in which the Bank has sold credit risk, it is the sole counterparty to the derivative contract with the borrower and has entered into the risk participation agreement because other banks participate in the related loan agreement. The Bank manages its credit risk under risk participation agreements by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrower, based on the Bank’s normal credit review process.

Mortgage banking derivatives

The Bank also enters into certain derivative agreements as part of its mortgage banking activities. These agreements include interest rate lock commitments on prospective residential mortgage loans and forward commitments to sell loans to investors on either a best efforts or a mandatory delivery basis. The Company uses these forward sales commitments, which may include To Be Announced (“TBA”) security contracts, on the open market to protect the value of its rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale from changes in interest rates and pricing between the origination of the rate lock and the final sale of these loans. These instruments meet the definition of derivative financial instruments and are reflected in other assets and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes to the fair value recorded in noninterest income within the secondary mortgage market operations line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The loans sold on a mandatory basis commit the Company to deliver a specific principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price, by a specified date. If the Company fails to deliver the amount of mortgages necessary to fulfill the commitment by the specified date, we may be obligated to pay a pair-off fee, based on then-current market prices, to the investor/counterparty to compensate the investor for the shortfall. Mandatory delivery forward commitments include TBA security contracts on the open market to provide protection against changes in interest rates on the locked mortgage pipeline. The Company expects that mandatory delivery contracts, including TBA security contracts, will experience changes in fair value opposite to the changes in the fair value of derivative loan commitments. Certain assumptions, including pull through rates and rate lock periods, are used in managing the existing and future hedges. The accuracy of underlying assumptions could impact the ultimate effectiveness of any hedging strategies.

Forward commitments under best effort contracts commit the Company to deliver a specific individual mortgage loan to an investor if the loan to the underlying borrower closes. Generally, best efforts cash contracts have no pair-off risk regardless of market movement. The price the investor will pay the seller for an individual loan is specified prior to the loan being funded, generally the same day the Company enters into the interest rate lock commitment with the potential borrower. The Company expects that these best efforts forward loan sale commitments will experience a net neutral shift in fair value with related derivative loan commitments.

At the closing of the loan, the rate lock commitment derivative expires and the Company generally records a loan held for sale at fair value under the election of fair value option.

Customer foreign exchange forward contract derivatives

The Company enters into foreign exchange forward derivative agreements, primarily forward foreign currency contracts, with commercial banking customers to facilitate their risk management strategies. The Bank manages its risk exposure from such transactions by entering into offsetting agreements with unrelated financial institutions. The Bank has not elected to designate these foreign exchange forward contract derivatives as hedges; as such, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

Visa Class B derivative contract

The Company is a member of Visa USA. In 2018, the Company sold the majority of its Visa Class B holdings, at which time it entered into a derivative agreement with the purchaser whereby the Company will make or receive cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. The conversion ratio changes when Visa deposits funds to a litigation escrow established by Visa to pay settlements for certain litigation, for which Visa is indemnified by Visa USA members. The Company is also required to make periodic financing payments to the purchaser until all of Visa’s covered litigation matters are resolved. Thus, the derivative contract extends until the end of Visa’s covered litigation matters, the timing of which is uncertain.

During the second quarter of 2024, Visa allowed Class B holders to convert some but not all of their Class B shares to Class A shares. As a result of this conversion event, the Bank and its counterparty agreed to modify the transaction agreement to reflect the partial exchange and include certain provisions related to conversion rate changes. The conversion plan approved by Visa requires a minimum of 12 months before another exchange event and thus extends the expected time for a full resolution of the matter.

The contract includes a contingent accelerated termination clause based on the credit ratings of the Company. The fair value of the liability associated with this contract was $1.9 million at September 30, 2025 and $2.1 million at December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 16 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments for discussion of the valuation inputs and process for this derivative liability.

Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income

The effects of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the table below.

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features

Certain of the Bank’s derivative instruments contain provisions allowing the financial institution counterparty to terminate the contracts in certain circumstances, such as the downgrade of the Bank’s credit ratings below specified levels, a default by the Bank on its indebtedness, or the failure of the Bank to maintain specified minimum regulatory capital ratios or its regulatory status as a well-capitalized institution. These derivative agreements also contain provisions regarding the posting of collateral by each party. At September 30, 2025, the Company was not in violation of any such provisions. The aggregate fair value of derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a net liability position at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $17.5 million and $39.1 million, respectively, for which the Company had posted collateral of $17.8 million and $38.0 million, respectively.

Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The Bank’s derivative instruments with certain counterparties contain legally enforceable netting provisions that allow for net settlement of multiple transactions to a single amount, which may be positive, negative, or zero. Agreements with certain bilateral counterparties require both parties to maintain collateral in the event that the fair values of derivative instruments exceed established exposure thresholds. For centrally cleared derivatives, the Company is subject to initial margin posting and daily variation margin exchange with the central clearinghouses. Offsetting information in regards to all derivative assets and liabilities, including accrued interest, subject to these master netting agreements at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented in the following tables.

The Company has excess posted collateral compared to total exposure due to initial margin requirements for day-to-day rate volatility.

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Shares Outstanding

Common shares outstanding excludes treasury shares totaling 8.1 million and 6.7 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, with a first-in-first-out cost basisof $354.3 million and $264.1 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Shares outstanding also excludes unvested restricted share awards totaling 0.1 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Stock Buyback Programs

On December 9, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock buyback program, effective January 1, 2025, whereby the Company is authorized to repurchase up to approximately 4.3 million shares of its common stock through the program’s expiration date of December 31, 2026. The program allows the Company to repurchase its common shares in the open market, by block purchase, through accelerated share repurchase programs, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, in one or more transactions. The Company is not obligated to purchase any shares under this program, and the Board of Directors has the ability to terminate or amend the program at any time prior to the expiration date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 1.8 million shares of its common stock at an average cost of $56.80 per share, inclusive of commissions, under this program. The Company has accrued $0.8 million of estimated excise tax associated with share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Prior to its expiration on December 31, 2024, the Company had in place a stock repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors on January 26, 2023, whereby the Company was authorized to repurchase up to approximately 4.3 million shares of its outstanding common stock. The program allowed the Company to repurchase its common shares in the open market, by block purchase, through accelerated share repurchase programs, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, in one or more transactions from time to time, depending on market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased 612,913 shares of its common stock at an average cost of $48.63 per share, inclusive of commissions, under this program and accrued $0.2 million of estimated excise tax.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

A rollforward of the components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) is presented in the table that follows:

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss (“AOCI”) is reported as a component of stockholders’ equity. AOCI can include, among other items, unrealized holding gains and losses on securities available for sale (“AFS”), including the Company’s share of unrealized gains and losses reported by a partnership accounted for under the equity method, gains and losses associated with pension or other post-retirement benefits that are not recognized immediately as a component of net periodic benefit cost, and gains and losses on derivative instruments that are designated as, and qualify as, cash flow hedges. Net unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities reclassified as securities held to maturity (“HTM”) also continue to be reported as a component of AOCI and will be amortized over the estimated remaining life of the securities as an adjustment to interest income. Subject to certain thresholds, unrealized losses on employee benefit plans will be reclassified into income as pension and post-retirement costs are recognized over the remaining service period of plan participants. Accumulated gains or losses on cash flow hedges of variable rate loans described in Note 7 - Derivatives will be reclassified into income over the life of the hedge. Accumulated other comprehensive loss resulting from terminated interest rate swaps are being amortized over the remaining maturities of the designated instruments. Gains and losses within AOCI are net of deferred income taxes, where applicable.

The following table shows the line items in the consolidated statements of income affected by amounts reclassified from AOCI.

(a)

Amounts in parentheses indicate reduction in net income.

(b)

These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and post-retirement cost that is reported with other noninterest

expense (see Note 13 – Retirement Plans for additional details).

9. Other Noninterest Income

Components of other noninterest income are as follows:

10. Other Noninterest Expense

Components of other noninterest expense are as follows:

11. Earnings Per Common Share

The Company calculates earnings per common share using the two-class method. The two-class method allocates net income to each class of common stock and participating security according to common dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Participating securities consist of nonvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents.

A summary of the information used in the computation of earnings per common share follows.

Potential common shares consist of nonvested performance-based awards, nonvested restricted stock units, and restricted share awards deferred under the Company’s nonqualified deferred compensation plan. These potential common shares do not enter into the calculation of diluted earnings per share if the impact would be antidilutive, i.e., increase earnings per share or reduce a loss per share. The weighted average of potentially dilutive common shares that were anti-dilutive totaled 5,411 and 4,092 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 10,390 and 13,940 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the respective periods.

12. Segment Reporting

U.S. GAAP requires that inform ation be reported about a company’s operating segments using a “management approach.”Reportable segments are identified in these standards as those revenue-producing components for which discrete financial information is produced internally and which are subject to evaluation by our chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The Company has identified the Capital Committee as the chief operating decision maker. Consistent with the Company’s strategy that is focused on providing a consistent package of banking products and services across all markets, the Company has identified its overall banking operations as its only reportable segment. There have been no changes in the basis of segmentation or basis of measurement of segment profit or loss since our last annual filing as of December 31, 2024.

Because the overall banking operations comprise substantially all of the Company’s consolidated operations, no separate financial segment disclosures are presented. The significant segment expenses included in net income are presented in the financial statement captions shown on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Income and in Note 10 – Other Noninterest Expense, and align materially with those reported to the Capital Committee. There areno other segment items that are required to reconcile expenses included in net income to significant expenses reviewed by the Capital Committee.

13. Retirement Plans

The Company offers a qualified defined benefit pension plan, the Hancock Whitney Corporation Pension Plan and Trust Agreement (“Pension Plan”), that covers certain eligible associates and is closed to new entrants. The Company makes contributions to the Pension Plan in amounts sufficient to meet funding requirements set forth in federal employee benefit and tax laws, plus such additional amounts as the Company may determine to be appropriate. The Company madeno contributions to the pension plan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and doesnot anticipate being required to make a contribution during 2025. The Company also sponsors a nonqualified defined benefit plan covering certain associates, under which accrued benefits were frozen and no future benefits are accrued under this plan.

The Company sponsors defined benefit post-retirement plans for certain associates that provide health care and life insurance benefits. These plans are closed to new entrants.

The following table shows the components of net periodic benefit cost included in expense for the periods indicated.

Service cost is reflected in the “Benefit expense” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income. Components other than service cost in the in the table above are reflected in “Net other retirement expense” in Note 10 – Other Noninterest Expense, and reported in the “Other expense” line item of the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Additional information related to the Company’s retirement plans, including a defined contribution 401(k) plan, is provided in Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

14. Share-Based Payment Arrangements

The Company maintains incentive compensation plans that provide for awards of share-based compensation to employees and directors. These plans have been approved by the Company’s shareholders. Detailed descriptions of these plans were included in Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company’s restricted and performance-based share awards to certain employees and directors are subject to service requirements. A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units and restricted and performance-based share awards at September 30, 2025 are presented in the following table.

At September 30, 2025, there was $53.5 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted and performance share awards and units expected to vest in the future. This compensation is expected to be recognized in expense over a weighted average period of 3.1 years. The total fair value of shares that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was$18.6 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted 441,068 restricted stock units (RSUs) to certain eligible employees. Unlike restricted share awards (RSAs), the holders of unvested restricted stock units have no rights as a shareholder of the Company, including voting or dividend rights. The Company has elected to award dividend equivalents on each restricted stock unit not deferred under the Company's nonqualified deferred compensation plan. Such dividend equivalents are forfeited should the employee terminate employment prior to the vesting of the RSU.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted to key members of executive management 26,989 performance share awards subject to a total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance metric with a grant date fair value of $66.84 per share. The fair value of the performance share units subject to TSR at the grant date was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation method. The number of performance share units subject to TSR that ultimately vest at the end of thethree-year performance period, if any, will be based on the relative rank of the Company’s three-year TSR among the TSRs of a peer group of 49 regional banks. The Company also granted 26,198 performance share awards subject to a return on average assets (ROAA) performance metric and 26,198 performance share awards subject to a return on average tangible common equity (ROATCE) performance metric with a grant date fair value of $52.02 per share for both performance share awards. The number of performance shares subject to ROAA and ROTCE that ultimately vest if any, will be based on the relative rank of the Company’s three-year ROAA and ROATCE relative the KBW Regional Bank index. The maximum number of performance share units that could vest is 200% of the target award. Compensation expense for these performance shares is recognized on a straight-line basis over thethree-year service period.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Bank enters into financial instruments, such as commitments to extend credit and letters of credit, to meet the financing needs of its customers. Such instruments are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements until they are funded, although they expose the Bank to varying degrees of credit risk and interest rate risk in much the same way as funded loans. Under regulatory capital guidelines, the Company and Bank must include unfunded commitments meeting certain criteria in risk-weighted capital calculations.

Commitments to extend credit include revolving commercial credit lines, nonrevolving loan commitments issued mainly to finance the acquisition and development or construction of real property or equipment, and credit card and personal credit lines. The availability of funds under commercial credit lines and loan commitments generally depends on whether the borrower continues to meet credit standards established in the underlying contract and other contractual conditions. Loan commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee by the borrower. Credit card and personal credit lines are generally subject to cancellation if the borrower’s credit quality deteriorates. A number of commercial and personal credit lines are used only partially or, in some cases, not at all before they expire, and the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements of the Company.

A substantial majority of the letters of credit are standby agreements that obligate the Bank to fulfill a customer’s financial commitments to a third party if the customer is unable to perform. The Bank issues standby letters of credit primarily to provide credit enhancement to its customers’ other commercial or public financing arrangements and to help them demonstrate financial capacity to vendors of essential goods and services.

The contractual amounts of these instruments reflect the Company’s exposure to credit risk. The Company undertakes the same credit evaluation in making loan commitments and assuming conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments and may require collateral or other credit support. The Company had a reserve for unfunded lending commitmentsof $27.9 million and $24.1 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s off-balance sheet financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Legal Proceedings

The Company is party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that loss contingencies, if any, arising from pending litigation and regulatory matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Special Assessment

In November 2023, the FDIC approved a final rule to implement a special deposit insurance assessment to recover losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) arising from the full protection of uninsured depositors under the systemic risk exception following the receiverships of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank in the spring of 2023. To-date, the Company has expensed $29.4 million related to this special assessment based on loss estimate information provided by the FDIC.

The loss estimates resulting from the failures of these institutions may be subject to further change pending the projected and actual outcome of loss share agreements, joint ventures, and outstanding litigation. The exact amount of losses incurred will not be determined until the FDIC terminates the receiverships of these banks; therefore, the Company's exact exposure for FDIC special assessment remains unknown.

16. Fair Value Measurements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The FASB’s guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to these valuation techniques used to measure fair value, giving preference to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (“level 1”) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs such as a reporting entity’s own data (“level 3”). Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, observable inputs other than quoted prices, such as interest rates and yield curves, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present for each of the fair value hierarchy levels the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(1)For further disaggregation of derivative assets and liabilities, see Note 7 - Derivatives.

Securities classified as level 2 include obligations of U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored agencies, including U.S. Treasury securities, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations that are issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, and state and municipal bonds. The level 2 fair value measurements for investment securities are obtained quarterly from a third-party pricing service that uses industry-standard pricing models. Substantially all of the model inputs are observable in the marketplace or can be supported by observable data.

The Company invests only in securities of investment grade quality with a targeted duration, for the overall portfolio, generally betweentwo andfive and a half years. Company policies generally limit investments to U.S. agency securities and municipal securities determined to be investment grade according to an internally generated score which generally includes a rating of not less than “Baa” or its equivalent by a nationally recognized statistical rating agency.

Loans held for sale consist of residential mortgage loans carried under the fair value option. The fair value for these instruments is classified as level 2 based on market prices obtained from potential buyers.

For the Company’s derivative financial instruments designated as hedges and those under the customer interest rate program, the fair value is obtained from a third-party pricing service that uses an industry-standard discounted cash flow model that relies on inputs,

Overnight Index swap rate curves and SOFR swap curves (where applicable), all observable in the marketplace. To comply with the accounting guidance, credit valuation adjustments are incorporated in the fair values to appropriately reflect nonperformance risk for both the Company and the counterparties. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value these derivative instruments fall within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit value adjustments utilize level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads. The Company has determined that the impact of the credit valuation adjustments is not significant to the overall valuation of these derivatives. As a result, the Company has classified its derivative valuations for these instruments in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s policy is to measure counterparty credit risk quarterly for derivative instruments, which are all subject to master netting arrangements, consistent with how market participants would price the net risk exposure at the measurement date.

The Company also has certain derivative instruments associated with the Bank’s mortgage-banking activities. These derivative instruments include interest rate lock commitments on prospective residential mortgage loans and forward commitments to sell these loans to investors on a best efforts delivery basis and To Be Announced securities for mandatory delivery contracts. The fair value of these derivative instruments is measured using observable market prices for similar instruments and is classified as a level 2 measurement.

The Company’s level 3 liability consists of a derivative contract with the purchaser of 192,163 shares of Visa Class B common stock. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company retains the risks associated with the ultimate conversion of the Visa Class B common shares into shares of Visa Class A common stock, such that the counterparty will be compensated for any dilutive adjustments to the conversion ratio and the Company will be compensated for any anti-dilutive adjustments to the ratio. The agreement also requires periodic payments by the Company to the counterparty calculated by reference to the market price of Visa Class A common shares at the time of sale and a fixed rate of interest that stepped up once after the eighth scheduled quarterly payment. The fair value of the liability is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement are the Company’s own assumptions about estimated changes in the conversion rate of the Visa Class B common shares into Visa Class A common shares, the date on which such conversion is expected to occur and the estimated growth rate of the Visa Class A common share price. Refer to Note 7 – Derivatives for information about the derivative contract with the counterparty.

The Company believes its valuation methods for its assets and liabilities carried at fair value are appropriate; however, the use of different methodologies or assumptions, particularly as applied to level 3 assets and liabilities, could have a material effect on the computation of their estimated fair values.

Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements and Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The table below presents a rollforward of the amounts on the consolidated balance sheets for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 for financial instruments of a material nature that are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

The table below provides an overview of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in those techniques to measure the financial instrument measured on a recurring basis and classified within level 3 of the valuation. The range of sensitivities that management utilized in its fair value calculations is deemed acceptable in the industry with respect to the identified financial instrument.

The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between valuation hierarchy levels as of the end of a reporting period.

Fair Value of Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Collateral-dependent loans individually evaluated for credit loss are level 2 assets measured at the fair value of the underlying collateral based on independent third-party appraisals that take into consideration market-based information such as recent sales activity for similar assets in the property’s market.

Other real estate owned and foreclosed assets, including both foreclosed property and surplus banking property, are level 3 assets that are adjusted to fair value, less estimated selling costs, upon transfer from loans or property and equipment. Subsequently, other real estate owned and foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less estimated selling costs. Fair values are determined by sales agreement or third-party appraisals as discounted for estimated selling costs, information from comparable sales, and marketability of the assets.

The fair value information presented below is not as of the period end, rather it was as of the date the fair value adjustment was recorded during the twelve months for each of the dates presented below, and excludes nonrecurring fair value measurements of assets no longer on the balance sheet.

The following tables present the Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for each of the fair value hierarchy levels.

Accounting guidance from the FASB requires the disclosure of estimated fair value information about certain on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments, including those financial instruments that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis. The significant methods and assumptions used by the Company to estimate the fair value of financial instruments are discussed below.

Cash, Short-Term Investments and Federal Funds Sold– For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Securities – The fair value measurement for securities available for sale is discussed earlier in this note. The same measurement techniques were applied to the valuation of securities held to maturity.

Loans, Net – The fair value measurement for certain collateral dependent loans that are individually evaluated for credit loss was described earlier in this note. For the remaining portfolio, fair values were generally determined by discounting scheduled cash flows using discount rates determined with reference to current market rates at which loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality.

Loans Held for Sale – These loans are either carried under the fair value option or at the lower of cost or market. Given the short duration of these instruments, the carrying amount is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Deposits – The accounting guidance requires that the fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as noninterest-bearing demand deposits, interest-bearing checking and savings accounts, be assigned fair values equal to amounts payable upon demand (“carrying amounts”). The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase – For these short-term liabilities, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Short-Term FHLB Borrowings – At September 30, 2025, short-term FHLB borrowings consisted of three short-term fixed rate borrowings for which the fair value was estimated by discounting contractual cash flows using current market rates at which borrowing with similar terms could be obtained.

Long-Term Debt – The fair value is estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows using current market rates at which debt with similar terms could be obtained.

Derivative Financial Instruments – The fair value measurement for derivative financial instruments is described earlier in this note.

The following tables present the estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments by fair value hierarchy levels and the corresponding carrying amounts.

17. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting standards adopted during the during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes to be included in the rate reconciliation and by requiring more detail to be disclosed on certain reconciling item categories that meet a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the amendment requires all entities to annually disclose disaggregated information about income taxes paid using specific quantitative thresholds and income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities should apply the amendments on a prospective basis and retrospective application is permitted. As the update contains only amendments to disclosure requirements, adoption will have no impact to the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40),” to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this update require disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements. Disclosure requirements also include a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, among other items. An entity is not precluded from providing additional voluntary disclosures that may provide investors with additional decision-useful information. This update, as amended, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this update, or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the provisions of this guidance. As the update contains only amendments to disclosure requirements, adoption will have no impact to the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software,” to modernize the accounting for software costs that are accounted for under Subtopic 350-40. The amendments in this update remove all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages in Subtopic 350-40 and instead require an entity to begin capitalizing software costs when both of the following occur: (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (2) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function. The amendment also provides factors to consider when evaluating probable-to-complete recognition thresholds and specifies that the disclosures in Subtopic 360-10, “Property, Plant and Equipment,” are required for all capitalized internal-use software. Further, the amendment supersedes website development costs guidance and incorporates the recognition requirements in this subtopic. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. Entities may apply a prospective transition approach, a modified transition approach or a retrospective approach. The Company is currently assessing the provisions of this guidance, but does not expect adoption to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.