First American Financial Corp

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 – Basis of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial information included in this report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. The principles for condensed interim financial information do not require the inclusion of all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the First American Financial Corporation (the “Company”) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results for the interim periods. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued updated guidance intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The updated guidance requires disclosure of specific categories and greater disaggregation of information included in the rate reconciliation and additional disclosures related to income taxes paid. The updated guidance, which was adopted on January 1, 2025 and is effective for annual reporting periods, had no impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2023, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to provide decision-useful information to investors and reduce diversity in practice in accounting for contributions made to a joint venture, upon formation, in a joint venture’s separate financial statements. The updated guidance requires joint ventures to recognize and initially measure their assets and liabilities at fair value with certain exceptions to fair value measurement consistent with business combination guidance. The updated guidance, which was adopted on January 1, 2025, had no impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Pending Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2025, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to modernize the accounting for internal-use software costs. The updated guidance better aligns the accounting with how software is currently developed by making the guidance more relevant for agile and iterative development methods. Under the updated guidance, an entity is required to begin capitalizing software costs when management has authorized and committed to funding a software project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and can be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or through a modified prospective method in the Company's financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to improve financial reporting by requiring entities to disclose additional information in the notes to the financial statements about specific expense categories within the income statement. The updated guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The updated disclosures can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively in the Company's financial statements. Except for the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 –Trust Assets, Escrow and Other Deposits

The Company administers escrow deposits as a service to customers in its direct title operations. Escrow deposits totaled $11.6 billion and $8.9 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, of which $5.0 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, were held at First American Trust, FSB (“FA Trust”). The remaining deposits were held at third-party financial institutions. Escrow deposits held at third-party financial institutions are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable for the disposition of these assets.

Trust assets administered by FA Trust totaled $5.4 billion and $4.8 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, of which $158.8 million and $169.4 million, respectively, were held at FA Trust. The remaining trust assets were held at third-party financial institutions. Trust assets administered by FA Trust and held at third-party institutions are fiduciary client assets. Trust assets held at third-party financial institutions are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company could be held contingently liable if FA Trust were to breach any of its fiduciary duties.

In conducting its operations, the Company often holds customers’ assets in escrow, pending completion of real estate transactions and, as a result, the Company has ongoing programs for realizing economic benefits with various financial institutions. The results from these programs are included as either income or as a reduction in expense, as appropriate, in the condensed consolidated statements of income based on the nature of the arrangement and benefit received.

The Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of each such exchange, the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds administered by the Company totaled $2.4 billion and 2.3 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In September 2025, FA Trust began administering like-kind exchange funds and, at September 30, 2025, held $5.1 million of such deposits. The like-kind exchange deposits held at third-party financial institutions are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the returns on such proceeds.

In conducting its residential mortgage loan subservicing operations, the Company administers cash deposits on behalf of its clients. Cash deposits totaled $1.8 billion and $901.0 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, of which $1.3 billion and $606.5 million, respectively, were held at FA Trust. The remaining deposits were held at third-party financial institutions. Cash deposits held at third-party financial institutions are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable for the disposition of these assets. In connection with certain accounts, the Company has ongoing programs for realizing economic benefits with various financial institutions whereby it earns economic benefits either as income or as a reduction in expense. In August 2025, the Company agreed to provide a secured interest in debt securities totaling $50.0 million as collateral to be maintained on deposit in connection with a new mortgage loan subservicing agreement.

Deposit balances held at FA Trust are temporarily invested in cash and cash equivalents and debt securities, with offsetting liabilities included in deposits in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 3 – Debt Securities

Investments in debt securities, classified as available-for-sale, are as follows:

Sales of debt securities resulted in realized gains of $1.7 million and $4.2 million, realized losses of $3.7 million and $13.0 million and proceeds of $240.4 million and $747.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Sales of debt securities resulted in realized gains of $20.3 million and $21.4 million, realized losses of $346.9 million and $352.4 million and proceeds of $4.6 billion and $4.9 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Investments in debt securities in an unrealized loss position, and their respective length of time in such position, are as follows:

Based on the Company’s review of its debt securities in an unrealized loss position it determined that the losses were due to non-credit factors and, therefore, it does not consider these securities to be credit impaired at September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the Company did not intend to sell any debt securities in an unrealized loss position and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any debt securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

In determining credit losses on its debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company considers certain factors that may include, among others, severity of the unrealized loss, security type, industry sector, credit rating, yield to maturity, profitability and stock performance.

In the normal course of operations, the Company may seek to optimize its investment portfolio and prospective investment returns by selling certain debt securities in an unrealized loss (or gain) position for which such unrealized loss (or gain) has been deferred in other comprehensive income. Sales of such debt securities could result in the realization of material losses (or gains) recorded in net income in the period the debt securities are sold.

Investments in debt securities at September 30, 2025, by contractual maturities, are as follows:

Mortgage-backed securities, which include contractual terms to maturity, are not categorized by contractual maturity as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with, or without, call or prepayment penalties.

The composition of the debt securities portfolio at September 30, 2025, by credit rating, is as follows:

Included in debt securities at September 30, 2025 were bank loans totaling $121.6 million, of which $113.6 million were non-investment grade; high yield corporate debt securities totaling $65.4 million, all of which were non-investment grade; and emerging market debt securities totaling $30.4 million, of which $2.9 million were non-investment grade.

The composition of the debt securities portfolio in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025, by credit rating, is as follows:

Debt securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025 included bank loans totaling $32.7 million, of which $32.5 million were non-investment grade; high yield corporate debt securities totaling $11.3 million, all of which were non-investment grade; and emerging market debt securities totaling $11.6 million, of which $0.6 million were non-investment grade.

The credit ratings in the above tables reflect published ratings obtained from globally recognized securities rating agencies. If a security was rated differently among the rating agencies the lowest rating was selected. Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities are not rated by any of the ratings agencies; however, these securities have been included in the above table in the “A- or higher” rating category because the payments of principal and interest are guaranteed by the governmental agency that issued the security.

Note 4 – Equity Securities

Investments in equity securities, by accounting classification, are summarized as follows:

Investments in marketable equity securities are summarized as follows:

Net gains of $38.7 million and $57.8 million resulting from changes in the fair values of marketable equity securities were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, which included net unrealized gains of $35.7 million and $55.0 million on securities still held at September 30, 2025, respectively. Net gains of $19.5 million and $18.2 million resulting from changes in the fair values of marketable equity securities were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which included net unrealized gains of $17.6 million and $14.9 million on securities still held at September 30, 2024, respectively.

A summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of non-marketable equity securities, which primarily relate to the Company's venture investment portfolio, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, is as follows:

Cumulative gross unrealized gains and cumulative gross unrealized losses and impairments related to non-marketable equity securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are summarized as follows:

Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses – Accounts Receivable

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable is summarized as follows:

Note 6 – Goodwill

A summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, is as follows:

Note 7 – Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets are summarized as follows:

Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $9.8 million and $28.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $10.7 million and $34.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:

Note 8 – Reserve for Known and Incurred But Not Reported Claims

Activity in the reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims is summarized as follows:

The provision for title insurance losses, expressed as a percentage of title insurance premiums and escrow fees, was 3.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The 3.0% loss provision rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 reflects an ultimate loss rate of 3.75% for the 2025 policy year and reserve releases of 0.75%, or $10.5 million and $28.8 million, respectively, for prior policy years, all based on title insurance premiums and escrow fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The 3.0% loss provision rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 reflected an ultimate loss rate of 3.75% for the 2024 policy year and reserve releases of 0.75%, or $9.1 million and $25.0 million, respectively, for prior policy years, all based on title insurance premiums and escrow fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

A summary of the Company’s loss reserves is as follows:

Note 9 – Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rates (income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes) were 23.1% and 23.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and 28.4% and 8.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The effective income tax rates differ from the federal statutory rate due to (1) state and foreign income taxes for which the Company is liable, (2) permanent differences between amounts reported for financial statement purposes and amounts reported for income tax purposes, (3) the recognition of excess tax benefits or tax deficiencies associated with share-based payment transactions through income tax expense and (4) tax credits claimed. In addition, the effective income tax rates for 2024 reflectthe impact on pretax earnings from losses and impairments on investments and tax benefits related to a state tax matter from prior years.

The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing the valuation allowance and makes adjustments to the allowance as necessary. The factors used in assessing the likelihood of realization include forecasts of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented. The Company’s ability to achieve forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of its deferred tax assets. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company carried a valuation allowance of $27.9 million. Based on future operating results in certain jurisdictions, it is possible that the current valuation allowance positions of those jurisdictions could be adjusted during the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the liabilities for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions were $34.6 million and $31.6 million, respectively. The net increase in the liability during 2025 was primarily attributable to positions taken on the Company’s tax returns for current and prior years. The liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 could be reduced by $3.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, due to offsetting tax benefits associated with the correlative effects of potential adjustments, including timing adjustments and state income taxes. The net liability, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective income tax rate.

The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties, net of tax benefits, related to uncertain tax positions were not material as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

It is reasonably possible that the unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of the Company’s unrecognized tax positions may increase or decrease within the next 12 months. Any such change may be the result of either ongoing audits or the expiration of federal and state statutes of limitations for the assessment of taxes.

The Company, or one of its subsidiaries, files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions and in various non-U.S. jurisdictions. The primary non-federal jurisdictions are California, Canada, India and the United Kingdom. As of September 30, 2025, the Company is, generally, no longer subject to income tax examinations for U.S. federal, state and non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to 2022, 2019 and 2014, respectively.

Effective in 2024, the Company is subject to international anti-base erosion rules that assess a minimum tax rate of 15% in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Commonly known as “Pillar II,” these rules apply to large multinational enterprises and are designed to address the tax challenges arising from the globalization and digitalization of the economy. The Company has calculated the minimum tax on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis and has determined that the resulting tax is not material to its financial results.

Public Law 119-21, popularly known as the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” was signed into law on July 4, 2025. This legislation includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses, with certain provisions effective January 1, 2025. The Company anticipates an impact to its deferred tax liability and income tax payable related to the provisions for 100% bonus depreciation for assets placed in service after January 19, 2025 and full expensing of domestic research and experimental expenditures. While the Company is still evaluating these and other changes contained in the law, it does not expect them to have a material effect on its ongoing effective tax rate.

Note 10 – Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025,59 thousand RSUs and 49 thousand and 31 thousand PRSUs, respectively, were excluded from diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024,353 thousand and 6 thousand RSUsand 129 thousand and 42 thousand PRSUs, respectively, were excluded from diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect.

Note 11 – Employee Benefit Plans

Net periodic benefit costs related to the Company’s unfunded supplemental benefit pension plans are summarized as follows:

The Company contributed $11.2 million to its unfunded supplemental benefit pension plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and expects to contribute an additional $5.1 million during the remainder of 2025.

Note 12 – Fair Value Measurements

Certain of the Company’s assets are carried at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities carried at fair value using a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy level assigned to the assets and liabilities is based on management’s assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used to estimate the fair values at the measurement date. The three hierarchy levels are defined as follows:

Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs (other than Level 1 prices), such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement and involve management judgment.

If the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the hierarchy level assigned is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following tables present the fair values of the Company’s assets, measured on a recurring basis, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded impairment losses on property and equipment totaling $48.1 million related to capitalized internal-use software. The impairment losses were due to either abandonment or the carrying amount no longer deemed recoverable and exceeding its fair value as a result of either being replaced with new technologies or determined to be of diminished value from a change in management strategy. These impairment losses, which were included in the title insurance and services segment, are included in net investment gains/losses on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Note 13 – Share-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes the costs associated with the Company’s share-based compensation plans:

The following table summarizes RSU and PRSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

In March 2025, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment and restatement of the Company's 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Incentive Compensation Plan”), effective May 13, 2025. The changes to the Incentive Compensation Plan included an increase in the number of shares of Company common stock available for grant by 2.0 million shares and an extension of the term until May 13, 2035.

Note 14 – Stockholders’ Equity

In July 2025, the Company’s board of directors approved a new share repurchase plan which authorizes the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock and terminated its prior share repurchase plan. Purchases may be made from time to time by the Company in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased and retired 2.1 million shares of its common stock for a total purchase price of $122.3 million and, as of September 30, 2025, the Company has repurchased and retired 6.8 million shares of its common stock under the previous authorization for a total purchase price of $377.0 million.

Note 15 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”)

The following table presents a summary of the changes in each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents the effects of the reclassifications out of AOCI on the respective line items in the condensed consolidated statements of income:

(1)

Amounts are components of net periodic cost. See Note 11 Employee Benefit Plans for additional details.

Note 16 – Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to lawsuits and are also involved in ongoing routine legal and regulatory proceedings related to their operations. These lawsuits and proceedings frequently are similar in nature to other lawsuits and proceedings pending against the Company’s competitors. When the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability representing the best estimate of the Company’s financial exposure based on known facts has been recorded. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded.

With respect to the Company’s outstanding ordinary course lawsuits and proceedings, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company’s ordinary course lawsuits include class actions or purported class action lawsuits, which challenge practices in the Company’s home warranty and title insurance and settlement services businesses. On February 25, 2005, a lawsuit styled, Sjobring vs. First American Title Insurance Company, et al., was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles. On March 26, 2025, a jury rendered a verdict in favor of the Company. On April 22, 2025, the plaintiffs filed a notice of intention to move for a new trial and judgment notwithstanding the verdict. On June 23, 2025, plaintiffs’ motion for new trial and judgment notwithstanding the verdict was denied. On July 1, 2025, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal.

Most of the Company’s businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Company’s other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Consequently, the Company may from time to time be subject to examination or investigation by such governmental agencies. Currently, governmental agencies are examining or investigating certain of the Company’s operations.

The Company does not believe that any pending examinations or investigations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Some of these exams or investigations could, however, result in changes to the Company’s business practices which could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 17 – Segment Information

The Company consists of the following reportable segments:

•

The title insurance and services segment issues title insurance policies on residential and commercial property in the United States and offers similar or related products and services internationally. This segment also provides closing and/or escrow services; accommodates tax-deferred exchanges of real estate; provides products, services and solutions designed to mitigate risk or otherwise facilitate real estate transactions; maintains, manages and provides access to title plant data and records; provides appraisals and other valuation-related products and services; provides lien release, document custodial and default-related products and services; provides document generation services; provides warehouse lending services; subservices mortgage loans; and provides banking, trust and wealth management services. The Company, through its principal title insurance subsidiary and such subsidiary’s affiliates, transacts its title insurance business through a network of direct operations and agents. Through this network, the Company issues policies in the 49 states that permit the issuance of title insurance policies, the District of Columbia and certain United States territories. The Company also offers title insurance, closing services and similar or related products and services, either directly or through third parties in other countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, various countries in Europe, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand.

•

The home warranty segment sells products including residential service contracts that cover residential systems, such as heating and air conditioning systems, and certain appliances against failures that occur as the result of normal usage during the coverage period. This business currently operates in 36 states and the District of Columbia.

•

The corporate segment includes investments in venture-stage companies, certain financing facilities and corporate services that support the Company’s business operations.

Information about reportable segment performance, significant expenses and assets are as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025:

(1)

(2)

The significant expense categories and amounts align with segment level information that is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. Intersegment expenses are included within amounts shown.

(3)

(4)

Elimination of intercompany asset balances:

For the three months ended September 30, 2024:

(1)

(2)

The significant expense categories and amounts align with segment level information that is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. Intersegment expenses are included within amounts shown.

(3)

(4)

Elimination of intercompany asset balances:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

(1)

(2)

The significant expense categories and amounts align with segment level information that is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. Intersegment expenses are included within amounts shown.

(3)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

(1)

(2)

The significant expense categories and amounts align with segment level information that is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. Intersegment expenses are included within amounts shown.

(3)

Revenues by segment are as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025:

For the three months ended September 30, 2024:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024: