SOLAREDGE TECHNOLOGIES INC

NOTE 1: GENERAL

SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries design, develop, and sell an intelligent inverter solution designed to maximize power generation at the individual photovoltaic (“PV”) module level while lowering the cost of energy produced by the solar PV system and providing comprehensive and advanced safety features. The Company’s products consist mainly of (i) power optimizers designed to maximize energy throughput from each and every module through constant tracking of Maximum Power Point individually per module, (ii) inverters which invert direct current (DC) from the PV module to alternating current (AC) including the Company's future ready energy hub inverter which supports, among other things, connection to a DC-coupled battery for full or partial home backup capabilities, and optional connection to the Company's smart EV charger, (iii) a remote cloud-based monitoring platform, that collects and processes information from the power optimizers and inverters to enable customers and system owners, to monitor and manage the solar PV system (iv) batteries for PV applications that are used to increase energy independence and maximize self-consumption for PV system's owners including a battery ,and (v) additional smart energy management solutions.

The Company and its subsidiaries sell products worldwide through large distributors, electrical equipment wholesalers, as well as directly to large solar installers and engineering, procurement and construction firms.

The Company has expanded its activity to other areas of smart energy technology organically and through acquisitions. The Company offers a variety of energy solutions, which include lithium-ion cells, batteries and energy storage systems (“Energy Storage”), full powertrain kits and batteries for electric vehicles, or EVs (“e-Mobility”), as well as automated machines for industrial use (“Automation Machines”).

On April 6, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Hark Systems Ltd. ("Hark"), a UK-based energy IoT company for the commercial and industrial ("C&I") sector.

In October 2023, the Company decided to discontinue its light commercial vehicle e-Mobility ("LCV") activity (see Note 24).

NOTE 2: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements are prepared according to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).

a. Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances including profit from intercompany sales not yet realized outside the Company have been eliminated upon consolidation.

b. Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, government grants, income taxes and related disclosures in the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management also considered the economic implications of inflation expectations on its critical and significant accounting estimates. In addition, the duration, scope and effects of the war in Israel and the conflict in Ukraine, government and other third-party responses to it, and the related macroeconomic effects, including to the Company’s business and the business of the Company’s suppliers and customers are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict. As a result, the Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to these evolving situations. Such changes could result in future impairments of goodwill and long-lived assets, inventories write-offs, incremental credit losses on receivables and available-for-sale marketable debt securities and changes in warranty obligations as of the time of a relevant measurement event.

F - 12 c. Financial statements in U.S. dollars:

A major part of the Company’s operations is carried out in the United States, Israel and certain other countries. The functional currency of these entities is the U.S. dollar. Financing activities, including cash investments are primarily made in U.S. dollars.

Accordingly, monetary accounts maintained in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 830 “Foreign Currency Matters”. All transaction gains and losses of the re-measurement of monetary balance sheet items are reflected in the statements of income as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

The financial statements of other Company’s subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar have been translated into U.S dollars. Assets and liabilities have been translated using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. Statements of income amounts have been translated using the date of the transaction or at the average exchange rate for the relevant period.

The resulting translation adjustments are reported as a component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses arising from intercompany foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term investment in nature are reported in the same manner as translation adjustments.

d. Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash, with original maturities of three months or less at the date acquired.

e. Restricted bank deposits:

Short-term restricted bank deposits possess an original maturity of more than three months and less than a year from the date of investment. Long-term restricted bank deposits possess an original maturity of more than one year from the date of investment. Restricted bank deposits are primarily used as collateral for the Company's office leases and credit cards.

f. Marketable Securities:

Marketable securities consist of corporate and governmental bonds. The Company determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. In accordance with FASB ASC No. 320 “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities”, the Company classifies marketable securities as available-for-sale.

Available-for-sale ("AFS") securities are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of taxes. Realized gains and losses on sales of marketable securities, as determined on a specific identification basis, are included in other income (loss), net on the consolidated statements of income. The amortized cost of marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount to maturity, both of which, together with interest, are included in financial income (expenses), net.

The Company classifies its marketable securities as either short-term or long-term based on each instrument’s underlying contractual maturity date. Marketable securities with maturities of 12 months or less are classified as short-term and marketable securities with maturities greater than 12 months are classified as long-term.

On each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether declines in fair value below carrying value are due to expected credit losses, as well as the ability and intent to hold the investment until a forecasted recovery occurs, in accordance with ASC 326.

Allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities are recognized as a charge in financial income (expenses), net, on the consolidated statements of income, and any remaining unrealized losses, net of taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity.

The Company has not recorded credit losses on AFS debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

F - 13 g. Investment in privately-held companies:

The Company's equity investments are investments in equity securities of privately-held companies, that are not traded and therefore not supported with observable market prices. The Company elected to account for its equity investments without readily determinable market values that either (i) do not meet the definition of in-substance common stock or (ii) do not provide the Company with control or significant influence using Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01.

The Company adjusts the carrying value of its investments to fair value upon observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of the investments in privately-held companies when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recovered. The maximum loss the Company can incur for its investments is their carrying value.

The Company may determine the fair value by reviewing equity valuation reports, current financial results, long-term plans of the privately-held companies, the amount of cash that the privately-held companies have on-hand, the ability to obtain additional financing and overall market conditions in which the privately-held companies operate or based on the price observed from the most recent completed financing.

All gains and losses on investments in privately-held companies, realized and unrealized, are recognized in other income (loss).

h. Trade receivables:

Trade receivables are stated net of credit losses allowance. The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products. The allowance against gross trade receivables reflects the current expected credit loss inherent in the receivables portfolio determined based on the Company’s methodology. The Company’s methodology is based on historical collection experience, customer creditworthiness, current and future economic condition and market condition. Additionally, specific allowance amounts are established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. Trade receivables are written off after all reasonable means to collect the full amount have been exhausted.

The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of trade receivables to present the net amount expected to be collected:

i. Loan receivables:

Loan receivables are carried at the outstanding principal amount. An allowance for credit loss on loan receivables is established when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Company determines this by considering several factors, including the credit risk and current financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s ability to pay current obligations, historical trends, and economic and market conditions. The Company performs a credit quality assessment on the loan receivable on a quarterly basis and reviews the need for an allowance in accordance with ASC 326. The Company evaluates the extent and impact of any credit deterioration that could affect the performance and the value of the secured property, as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower.

Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis at the stated interest rate and is recorded in financial income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Expected provision for credit loss regarding the Company's loans was immaterial. The amortized cost of the loan receivable approximates its fair value as of December 31, 2023.

F - 14 j. Inventories:

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes depreciation, labor, material, shipment and overhead costs. Inventory reserves are provided to cover risks arising from slow-moving, excess inventory items or technological obsolescence. The Company periodically evaluates the quantities on hand relative to historical, current and projected sales volume. Based on this evaluation, an impairment charge is recorded when required to write-down inventory to its net realizable value. Cost of finished goods and raw materials is determined using the moving average cost method.

k. Property, plant and equipment:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and government grants. Assets under construction represent the construction or development stage of property and equipment that have not yet been placed in service for the Company's intended use. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, at the following rates:

l. Government assistance

Advanced manufacturing production tax credits

In August 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which contains several provisions intended to accelerate U.S. manufacturing and adoption of clean energy such as solar. Some of the applicable provisions in the IRA include the extension of the Production Tax Credit (“PTC") through 2034. These provisions of the law are new and regulations and guidance concerning their implementation are gradually being published by the U.S. Treasury Department. Section 45X of the IRA offers advanced manufacturing production tax credits ("AMPTC"), which incentivize the production of eligible components within the United States. To that end, the Company established manufacturing capabilities in the United States in 2023 and announced additional capacity expected in 2024. In addition to using the tax credits to offset tax due to the U.S. government, the IRA allows taxpayers to elect to have AMPTCs refunded in cash ("Direct Pay") or transfer these credits to a third party. The Direct Pay option is available as a one-time election, in any taxable year after December 31, 2022, for a facility in which eligible components are produced, and is applicable for five years.

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Refundable and transferable tax credits are similar in essence to government grants. This is because the taxpayer can realize the benefit regardless of whether they owe income tax or not in the relevant years. Therefore, these amounts are not considered income taxes and fall outside the scope of Topic 740. Instead, they are treated as government grants.

Government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that: (1) the Company will comply with the relevant conditions and (2) the grant disbursement will be received. The Company recognize's AMPTCs as a reduction in the cost of revenues in the statement of income. The Company does this systematically over time as it recognizes the related expenses. Alternatively, the Company recognizes the grant immediately if the grant compensates the Company for expenses that it has already incurred. The AMPTCs are also reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as a reduction of income tax payable within accrued expenses and other liabilities, as a tax prepayment, or as AMPTCs to be sold within prepayment and other assets. The way the Company expects to utilize the AMPTCs determines where they are recorded.

In the year that ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized AMPTCs worth $6,020 as a reduction in the cost of revenues for the inverters produced in the United States and sold to customers. As of December 31, 2023, benefits recognized from AMPTCs of $6,020 were recorded as a tax prepayment within prepayment and other current assets.

Property, plant and equipment

In 2020, SolarEdge Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement with the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry to partially subsidize the construction of Sella 1, a factory for production of inverters and optimizers, in the amount of approximately $7,000.

In 2020, SolarEdge Korea (formerly Kokam), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement with Chungcheongbuk-do province of South Korea to partially subsidize the construction of Sella 2, a factory for production of lithium-ion cells and batteries, in the amount of approximately $12,000.

The assistance is in the form of a cash subsidy, which the government will pay as a grant upon the satisfaction of predetermined construction completion milestones. When the defined milestones are reached and the right to receive a subsidy amount becomes virtually certain, the amount of the grant is recorded as a reduction of the related asset's value under “Property, plant and equipment, net”.

The Company did not record reduction of property, plant and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company recorded reduction of property, plant and equipment in the amount of $7,359 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has a right to receive of $2,018 that has yet to be received which was recorded under “Prepaid expenses and other current assets”.

m. Leases:

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease. In determining the leases classification the Company assesses among other criteria: (i) The lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset (ii) The present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already included in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net, other current liabilities, and long-term finance lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the ROU asset and liability at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments according to their term. Certain lease agreements include rental payments that are adjusted periodically for the consumer price index ("CPI"). The ROU and lease liability were calculated using the CPI as of the adoption date and will not be subsequently adjusted, unless the liability is reassessed for other reasons.

The Company uses incremental borrowing rates based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and net of lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term or the useful life of the leased asset.

In addition, the carrying amount of the ROU and lease liabilities are remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the in-substance fixed lease payments or a change in the assessment to purchase the underlying asset.

F - 16 n. Business Combination:

The Company allocates the fair value of the purchase price to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair value. The excess of the fair value of the purchase price over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets.

Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired technology and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which does not exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the finalization of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

o. Intangible Assets:

Acquired identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis or accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The basis of amortization approximates the pattern in which the assets are utilized, over their estimated useful lives. The Company routinely reviews the remaining estimated useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets. In case the Company reduces the estimated useful life for any asset, the remaining unamortized balance is amortized over the revised estimated useful life (see Note 9).

p. Impairment of long-lived assets:

The Company’s long-lived assets to be held and used, including property, plants and equipment, ROU assets and identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360 “Property, Plants and Equipment”, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets (or asset group). If such evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of the asset (or asset group) is not recoverable, the assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value (see Note 9).

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges of long-lived assets in the amount of $30,790, $29,037 and $2,209, respectively, presented under Other operating expenses, net.

F - 17 q. Goodwill:

Goodwill reflects the excess of the consideration transferred, including the fair value of any contingent consideration and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, over the assigned fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, and is assigned to reporting units and tested for impairment at least on an annual basis, in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year.

The goodwill impairment test is performed according to the following principles:

(1) An initial qualitative assessment may be performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.

(2) If the Company concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is performed. An impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value is recognized (see Note 10).

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not record any impairment charges.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of goodwill in the amount of $90,104.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company did not record any impairment charges.

r. Cloud computing arrangements:

In 2021, due to the growing size and complexity of the Company, the Company decided to implement a new global enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system, which will replace the Company's existing operating and financial systems. During 2022, the Company began implementing a cloud-based ERP system. The implementation is expected to occur in phases over the next several years.

The Company incurs costs to implement cloud computing arrangements ("CCA") that are hosted by third party vendors. Implementation costs associated with CCA are capitalized when incurred during the application development phase until the software is ready for its intended use. The costs are then amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the cloud computing arrangement and are recognized as an operating expense within the consolidated statements of income. Capitalized amounts related to such arrangements are recorded within other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash payments for CCA implementation costs are classified as cash outflows from operating activities.

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022 the Company had capitalized implementation costs related to its upcoming ERP conversion in the amounts of $13,666 and $3,457, respectively presented under other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet.

s. Severance pay:

The employees of the Company’s Israeli subsidiary are included under Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963, under which these employees are entitled only to monthly deposits made in their name with insurance companies, at a rate of 8.33% of their monthly salary. These payments cause the Company to be released from any future obligation under the Israeli Severance Pay Law to make severance payments in respect of those employees; therefore, related assets and liabilities are not presented in the consolidated balance sheets.

If applicable, severance costs are recorded in each entity in accordance with local laws and regulations.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $23,643, $17,202 and $14,231 in severance expenses related to its employees, respectively.

F - 18 t. Derivatives and Hedging:

The Company accounts for derivatives and hedging based on ASC 815 (“Derivatives and Hedging”). ASC 815 requires the Company to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship.

To protect against the increase in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from salary denominated in the Israeli currency, the New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”), during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program whereby portions of the anticipated payroll denominated in NIS for a period of one to nine months with hedging contracts.

Accordingly, when the dollar strengthens against the NIS, the decline in present value of future foreign currency expenses is offset by losses in the fair value of the hedging contracts. Conversely, when the dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is offset by gains in the fair value of the hedging contracts. These hedging contracts are designated as cash flow hedges, as defined by ASC 815 and are all effective hedges.

The Company also entered into derivative instrument arrangements to hedge the Company’s exposure to currencies other than the U.S. dollar. These derivative instruments are not designated as cash flow hedges, as defined by ASC 815, and therefore all gains and losses, resulting from fair value remeasurement, were recorded immediately in the statement of income, as a financial income (expense), net.

The Company classifies cash flows related to its hedging as operating activities in its consolidated statement of cash flows.

u. Revenue recognition:

Revenues are recognized in accordance with ASC 606; revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that the Company expects in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company’s products and services consist mainly of (i) power optimizers, (ii) inverters, (iii) batteries for PV applications, (iv) a related cloud-based monitoring platform, (v) communication services, (vi) warranty extension services, (vii) Lithium-ion cells and other storage solutions (viii) EV components, and (ix) automated machinery for manufacturing lines.

The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle that transfer of control to the Company’s customers should be depicted in an amount reflecting the consideration the Company expects to receive in revenue.

In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied.

(1) Identify the contract with a customer

A contract is an agreement or purchase order between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations. In evaluating the contract, the Company analyzes the customer’s intent and ability to pay the amount of promised consideration (credit risk) and considers the probability of collecting substantially all of the consideration.

The Company determines whether collectability is reasonably assured on a customer-by-customer basis pursuant to its credit review policy. The Company typically sells to customers with whom it has a long-term business relationship and a history of successful collection. For a new customer, or when an existing customer substantially expands its commitments, the Company evaluates the customer’s financial position, the number of years the customer has been in business, the history of collection with the customer, and the customer’s ability to pay, and typically assigns a credit limit based on that review.

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(2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

At a contract’s inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised in a contract with a customer and identifies the performance obligations. The main performance obligations are the provisions of the following: providing of the Company’s products; cloud based monitoring services; extended warranty services and communication services. Depending on the shipping terms agreed with the customer, the Company may perform shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control of the goods and revenue is recognized. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling costs as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. As a result of this accounting policy election, the Company does not consider shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control of the goods as promised services to its customers.

(3) Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Generally, the Company does not provide price protection, stock rotation, and/or right of return. The Company determines the transaction price for all satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations identified in the contract from contract inception to the beginning of the earliest period presented. Rebates or discounts on goods or services are accounted for as variable consideration. The rebate or discount program is applied retrospectively for future purchases. Provisions for rebates, sales incentives and discounts to customers are accounted for as reductions in revenue in the same period the related sales are recorded.

Accrual for rebates for direct customers is presented net of receivables. Accrual for sale incentives related to non-direct customers is presented under accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The Company accrued $74,096 and $176,706 for rebates and sales incentives as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

When a contract provides a customer with payment terms of more than a year, the Company considers whether those terms create variability in the transaction price and whether a significant financing component exists.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has not provided payment terms of more than a year.

The performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year are those that include a financial component: (i) warranty extension services, (ii) cloud-based monitoring, and (iii) communication services. The Company recognizes financing component expenses in its consolidated statement of income in relation to advance payments for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year. These financing component expenses are reflected in the Company’s deferred revenues balance.

(4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

The Company performs an allocation of the transaction price to each separate performance obligation, in proportion to their relative standalone selling prices.

(5) Recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied

Revenue is recognized when or as performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to a customer. Control either transfers over time or at a point in time, which affects when revenue is recorded.

Revenues from sales of products are recognized based on the transfer of control, which includes but is not limited to, the agreed International Commercial terms, or “INCOTERMS”. Revenues related to warranty extension services, cloud-based monitoring, and communication services are recognized over time on a straight-line basis.

Deferred revenues consist of deferred cloud-based monitoring services, communication services, warranty extension services and advance payments received from customers for the Company’s products. Deferred revenues are classified as short-term and long-term deferred revenues based on the period in which revenues are expected to be recognized (see Note 15).

F - 20 v. Cost of revenues:

Cost of revenues includes the following: product costs consisting of purchases from contract manufacturers and other suppliers, direct and indirect manufacturing costs, shipping and handling, support, warranty expenses, provision for losses related to slow moving and dead inventory, personnel and government grants related to the AMPTCs.

Shipping and handling costs, which amounted to $214,349, $257,753 and $116,574, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are included in the cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of income. Shipping and handling costs include custom tariff charges and all other costs associated with the distribution of finished goods from the Company’s point of sale directly to its customers.

In the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized AMPTCs worth approximately $6,020 as a reduction in the cost of revenues for the inverters produced in the United States and sold to customers.

w. Warranty obligations:

The Company provides a product warranty for its solar segment related products as follows: a standard 10-year limited warranty for its batteries for PV applications, a standard 12-year limited warranty for the majority of its inverters, that is extendable up to 25 years for an additional cost and a 25-year limited warranty for power optimizers.

The Company maintains reserves to cover the expected costs that could result from the standard warranty. The warranty liability is in the form of product replacement and associated costs. Warranty reserves are based on the Company’s best estimate of such costs and are included in cost of revenues. The reserve for the related warranty expenses is based on various factors including assumptions about the frequency of warranty claims on product failures, derived from results of accelerated lab testing, field monitoring, analysis of the history of product field failures, and the Company’s reliability estimates.

The Company has established a reliability measurement system based on the units’ estimated mean time between failure, or MTBF, a metric that equates to a steady-state failure rate per year for each product generation. The MTBF predicts the expected failure rate of each product within the Company's products installed base during the expected product warranted lifetime.

The Company performs accelerated life cycle testing, which simulates the service life of the product in a short period of time.

The accelerated life cycle tests incorporate test methodologies derived from standard tests used by solar module vendors to evaluate the period over which solar modules wear out. Corresponding replacement costs are updated periodically to reflect changes in the Company’s actual and estimated production costs for its products, rate of usage of refurbished units as a replacement of faulty units, and other costs related to logistic and subcontractors’ services associated with the replacement products.

In addition, through the collection of actual field failure statistics, the Company has identified several additional failure causes that are not included in the MTBF model. Such causes, which mostly consist of design errors, workmanship errors caused during the manufacturing process and, to a lesser extent, replacement of non-faulty units by installers, result in generating additional replacement costs to the replacement costs projected under the MTBF model.

For other products, the Company accrues for warranty costs based on the Company’s best estimate of product and associated costs. The Company’s other products are sold with a standard limited warranty that typically range in duration from one to ten years.

Warranty obligations are classified as short-term and long-term obligations based on the period in which the warranty is expected to be claimed.

F - 21 x. Convertible senior notes:

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective approach. The Notes are accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. Adoption of the new standard resulted in an increase of retained earnings in the amount of $2,884, a decrease of an additional paid-in capital in the amount of $36,336, an increase of convertible senior notes, net, in the amount of $45,282 and a decrease of deferred tax liabilities, net, in the amount of $11,830. The impact of adoption of this standard on the Company’s earnings per share was immaterial.

The Company’s Convertible Senior Notes are included in the calculation of diluted Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) if the assumed conversion into common shares is dilutive, using the “if-converted” method. This involves adding back the periodic non-cash interest expense net of tax associated with the Notes to the numerator and by adding the shares that would be issued in an assumed conversion (regardless of whether the conversion option is in or out of the money) to the denominator for the purposes of calculating diluted EPS, unless the Notes are antidilutive (see Note 22).

y. Advertising costs

Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and are included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of income. The Company incurred advertising expenses of $13,476, $11,090, and $6,323 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

z. Research and development costs:

Research and development costs, are charged to the consolidated statement of income as incurred.

aa. Concentrations of credit risks:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, restricted bank deposits, marketable securities, trade receivables, loan receivables, derivative instruments and other accounts receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted bank deposits are mainly invested in major banks in the U.S., Israel, Germany, Italy and Korea. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s investments are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these investments.

The Company's debt marketable securities include investments in highly-rated corporate debentures (located mainly in U.S., Canada, France, UK, Australia, Cayman Islands and other countries) and governmental bonds. The financial institutions that hold the Company's debt marketable securities are major financial institutions located in the United States. The Company believes its debt marketable securities portfolio is a diverse portfolio of highly-rated securities and the Company's investment policy limits the amount the Company may invest in an issuer (see Note 2f.).

The trade receivables of the Company derive from sales to customers located primarily in the United States and Europe.

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers for the purpose of determining the appropriate allowance for credit losses (see Note 2h.). The Company generally does not require collaterals, however, in certain circumstances, the Company may require letters of credit, other collateral, or additional guarantees. From time to time, the Company may purchase trade credit insurance.

The Company had two major customers (customers with attributable revenues that represents more than 10% of total revenues) for the year ended December 31, 2023, one major customer for the year ended December 31, 2022, and two major customers for the year ended December 31, 2021 that accounted for approximately 24.0%,18.5% and 30.9% of the Company’s consolidated revenues, respectively. All of the revenues from these customers were generated in the solar segment.

The Company had three major customers (customer with a balance that represents more than 10% of total trade receivables, net) as of December 31, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022 that accounted in the aggregate for approximately 47.1% and 42.2%, of the Company’s consolidated trade receivables, net, respectively.

F - 22 ab. Concentrations of supply risks:

The Company depends on two contract manufacturers and several limited or single source component suppliers. Reliance on these vendors makes the Company vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields, and costs.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, two contract manufacturers collectively accounted for 58.5% and 34.3% of the Company’s total trade payables, net, respectively.

In the second quarter of 2022, the Company announced the opening of “Sella 2”, a two gigawatt-hour (GWh) Li-Ion battery cell manufacturing facility located in South Korea. Sella 2 began producing and shipping cells at the end of 2022 and is expected to gradually increase manufacturing capacity throughout 2024. Sella 2 is the Company's second owned manufacturing facility following the establishment of Sella 1 in 2020. Sella 1 is the Company's manufacturing facility in the North of Israel that produces power optimizers and inverters.

ac. Fair value of financial instruments:

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits, restricted bank deposits, trade receivables, net, bank loans, prepaid expenses, loan receivables and other current assets, trade payables, net, employee and payroll accruals and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturities of such instruments.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are comprised of money market funds, derivative instruments and marketable securities (see Note 13).

The Company applies ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, with respect to fair value measurements of all financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received for the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.

A three-tiered fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

Level 1- Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2- Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3- Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

F - 23 ad. Stock-based compensation:

The Company uses the closing trading price of its common stock on the day of the grant date as the fair value of awards of restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and performance stock units that are based on the Company's financial performance targets ("PSUs"). The compensation expense for RSUs is recognized using a straight-line attribution method over the requisite employee service period while compensation expense for PSUs is recognized using an accelerated amortization model. The Company estimates the forfeitures at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures.

The Company granted under its 2015 Plan, PSU awards to certain employees and officers which vest upon the achievement of certain performance or market conditions subject to their continued employment with the Company.

The Company's PSUs is based on the Company’s total shareholder return ("TSR") compared to the TSR of companies listed in the S&P 500 index over a one to three year performance period. For market conditions awards, the Company uses a Monte-Carlo simulation to determine the grant date fair value for these awards, which takes into consideration the market price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant less the present value of dividends expected during the requisite service period, as well as the possible outcomes pertaining to the TSR market condition. The Company recognizes such compensation expenses on an accelerated vesting method.

The Company selected the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model as the most appropriate fair value method for its stock-option awards and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The option-pricing model requires a number of assumptions, of which the most significant are the fair market value of the underlying common stock, expected stock price volatility, and the expected option term. Expected volatility for stock-option awards and ESPP was calculated based upon the Company’s stock prices. The expected term of options granted is based upon historical experience and represents the period between the options’ grant date and the expected exercise or expiration date. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from U.S. treasury bonds with an equivalent term. The Company does not use dividend yield rate since the Company has not declared or paid any dividends on its common stock and does not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

A modification of the terms of a stock-based award is treated as an exchange of the original award for a new award with total compensation cost equal to the grant-date fair value of the original award plus the incremental value of the modification to the award.

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The fair value for options, PSU and ESPP granted to employees is estimated at the date of grant using the following assumptions:

(1) No new options were granted in 2023 and 2022.

ae. Earnings per share

Basic net EPS is computed by dividing the net earnings attributable to SolarEdge Technologies, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted net EPS is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, to the extent dilutive, including stock options, RSUs, PSUs, shares to be purchased under the Company’s ESPP, and the Notes due 2025, all in accordance with ASC No. 260, "Earnings Per Share."

af. Income taxes:

The Company and its subsidiaries account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes”. ASC 740 prescribes the use of the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets are evaluated for future realization and reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent the Company believes they will not be realized. The Company considers all available evidence, including historical information, long range forecast of future taxable income and evaluation of tax planning strategies. Amounts recorded for valuation allowance can result from a complex series of judgments about future events and can rely on estimates and assumptions.

Tax has not been recorded for (a) taxes that would apply in the event of disposal of investments in subsidiaries, as it is generally the Company’s intention to hold these investments, not to realize them; and (b) taxes that would apply on the distribution of unremitted earnings from foreign subsidiaries, as these are retained for reinvestment in the Group.

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The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10 two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative probability) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

ag. New accounting pronouncements not yet effective:

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). Additional segment reporting information required by ASU 2023-07 includes: disclosing the title and position of the individual or the name of the group or committee identified as the CODM, provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually, and additional disclosures regarding significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires additional categories of information about federal, state and foreign income taxes to be included in effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure. Additionally, the newly added categories also apply to the income taxes paid disclosure. Implementation of said additions are subject to quantitative thresholds. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09.

ah. Recently issued and adopted pronouncements:

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") or other standard setting bodies are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. The Company believes that the impact of recently issued or newly effective standards were not applicable to the Company, did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements or are not expected to have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 3: BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

On April 6, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Hark Systems Ltd. ("Hark"), a UK-based energy IoT company for the commercial and industrial ("C&I") sector for approximately $18,346 in cash, out of which $1,245 held by the company for a period of one year. Hark's platform is expected to enable the Company to offer its commercial and industrial customers expanded capabilities in energy management and connectivity, including identification of potential energy savings, detection of anomalies in assets’ energy consumption, and optimization of energy usage and carbon emissions through load orchestration and storage control.

Pursuant to ASC 805, "Business Combination", the Company accounted for the Hark acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. Identifiable assets and liabilities of Hark, including identifiable intangible assets, were recorded based on their estimated fair values as of the date of the closing of the acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The Company recorded preliminary estimates for the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Such preliminary valuation required estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, estimating future cash flows and direct costs in addition to developing the appropriate discount rates and current market profit margins. The Company’s management believes the fair values recognized for the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed were based on reasonable estimates and assumptions.

The following table summarizes the fair values estimation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:

Acquisition costs were immaterial and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Goodwill generated from this acquisition was primarily attributable to the assembled workforce and expected post-acquisition synergies from combining Hark platform with the Company's product offering to its commercial and industrial customers. All of the Goodwill was assigned to the Solar segment (see Note 21). Goodwill was not deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of technology, customer relationships and trade name were derived by applying the multi-period excess earnings method, with-and-without method, and the relief-from-royalty method, respectively, all of which are under the income approach whose underlying inputs are considered Level 3. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on management's estimates and assumptions.

The results of Hark have been included in the Company's consolidated statements of income since the acquisition date and are not material. Pro forma financial information has not been presented because the impact of the acquisition was not material to the Company's statement of income.

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NOTE 4: MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities at December 31, 2023:

The following is a summary of available-for-sale marketable securities at December 31, 2022:

Proceeds from maturity of available-for-sale marketable securities during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were $277,382, $201,974 and $187,375, respectively.

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2023 were $2,807, which led to realized losses of $125.

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2022 were $29,236, which led to realized losses of $434.

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale marketable securities during the year ended December 31, 2021 were $14,813, which led to realized losses of $16.

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NOTE 5: INVENTORIES, NET

The Company recorded inventory write-downs of $46,369, $10,170 and $7,142 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

NOTE 6: PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

1 Vendor non-trade receivables derived from the sale of components to manufacturing vendors who manufacture products, components and other testing equipment for the Company. The Company purchases these components directly from other suppliers. The Company does not reflect the sale of these components to the contract manufacturers in its revenues.

2 Loan receivables are loans to third parties. The loan repayments are expected on a monthly or annual basis as per the contractual terms of each loan agreement. The loans bear interest that represent market interest rate. The amortized cost of the loan receivable approximates its fair value as of December 31, 2023.

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NOTE 7: PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were $49,544, $40,580 and $29,359, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, impairment loss of $25,168 was recorded as a result of Company's decision to discontinue its LCV activity and other restructuring efforts related to the Solar segment (see Note 23).

Impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, were $649 and $2,113, respectively.

NOTE 8: LEASES

The following table summarizes the Company’s lease-related assets and liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets:

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The following table presents certain information related to the operating and finance leases:

The following table presents supplemental cash flows information related to the lease costs for operating and finance leases:

The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for each of the first five years and the total of the remaining years of the operating and finance lease liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets:

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NOTE 9: INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

In October 2023, the Company has decided to cease the use of SolarEdge Korea's (formerly Kokam) trade name and solar technology, as such, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $4,798 and the assets were disposed.

In June 2022, the Company decided to discontinue its stand-alone uninterrupted power supply activities or UPS (“Critical Power”). The Company recorded a loss in the amount of $1,226 pertaining to Critical Power's current technology and customer relationships.

In October 2022, following the e-Mobility and Automation Machines reporting unit’s analysis, an impairment test for long-lived assets was performed. The test included comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flow attributable to the identified assets group and its carrying amounts, and recognizing an impairment for the amount to which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets groups. As a result, the Company recorded acurrent technology impairment of $26,917 related to e-Mobility's asset group and a $245 trade name impairment related to Automation Machines' asset group.

The impairments are recorded under Other operating expenses, net in the consolidated statement of income (see Note 23) additional information.

Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023, and 2022:

Amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, were $7,652, $9,096 and $10,176, respectively.

Expected future amortization expenses of intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

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NOTE 10: GOODWILL

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year and is examined between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired.

The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2023 for all reporting units and determined the following:

Due to impairment indicators of the solar reporting unit, which include, among other things, a deterioration in the environment in which the Company operates, a qualitative assessment of the Company’s solar reporting unit was performed in order to determine whether it is necessary to conduct the quantitative goodwill impairment test. Based on the results, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of said reporting unit is greater than its carrying value and therefore a quantitative goodwill impairment test was not performed, and no goodwill impairment was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Due to impairment indicators of the Energy Storage reporting unit, which include, among other things, a decline in planned revenue and earnings compared with the projected results, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test and determined that the fair value of this reporting unit is greater than its carrying value and therefore no goodwill impairment was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2022 for all reporting units and determined the following:

In June 2022, the Company decided to discontinue its stand-alone Critical Power activities. The Company recorded an impairment in the amount of $2,782 pertaining to Critical Power's goodwill.

Due to impairment indicators of the e-Mobility reporting unit, which include, among other things, a shift in the Company's strategy that may result in a decline of the projected growth forecasted at the time of acquisition, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test. As a result, the Company recorded goodwill impairment in the amount of $80,534 for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is presented under Goodwill impairment in the consolidated statement of income.

In addition, a quantitative test has also been performed for the Automation Machines reporting unit due to indicators of impairment identified, which include, among other things, managerial changes and a decline in the overall financial performance compared with past projections. As a result, the Company recorded goodwill impairment in the amount of $6,788, for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was recorded under Goodwill impairment in the consolidated statement of income.

The fair value of the reporting units was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. When performing this analysis, the Company also considered multiples of earnings from comparable public companies. The decline in fair value of the e-Mobility and Automation Machines reporting units was primarily resulted from an increased discount rate and reduced estimated future cash flows.

The following summarizes the goodwill activity for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022:

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 there were $90,104 accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

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NOTE 11: OTHER LONG TERM ASSETS

1 In January 2023, the Company completed an investment of $5,500 in the common stock of a privately-held company which represents 34.8% of its outstanding shares. The Company accounted for this investment using the equity method of accounting. The Company's share of net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $350.

In April and July of 2023, the Company completed a total investment of $2,500 in the preferred stock of a privately-held company which represents 4.5% of its outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis. The Company accounted for this investment as an equity investment without readily determinable fair values. No impairment or other adjustments related to observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments were identified.

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NOTE 12: DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

As of December 31, 2023, the Company entered into contracts of put and call options to sell U.S. dollars (“USD”) for NIS and Euro ("EUR") for USD in the amounts of approximately NIS 541 million and EUR 60 million, respectively.

The fair values of outstanding derivative instruments were as follows:

Gains (losses) on derivative instruments are summarized below:

See Note 21 for information regarding gains (losses) from designated hedging instruments reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

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NOTE 13: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company measures its cash equivalents and marketable securities, at fair value using the market approach valuation technique. Cash and cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 because these assets are valued using quoted market prices. Marketable securities and foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within level 2 due to these assets being valued by alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 by level within the fair value hierarchy:

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NOTE 14: WARRANTY OBLIGATIONS

Changes in the Company’s product warranty obligations for the years ended December 31, 2023,2022 and 2021 were as follows:

NOTE 15: DEFERRED REVENUES

Deferred revenues consist of deferred cloud-based monitoring services, communication services, warranty extension services and advance payments received from customers for the Company’s products. Deferred revenues are classified as short-term and long-term deferred revenues based on the period in which revenues are expected to be recognized.

Significant changes in the balances of deferred revenues during the period are as follows:

The following table includes estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of December 31, 2023:

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NOTE 16: ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

NOTE 17: CONVERTIBLE SENIOR NOTES

On September 25, 2020, the Company sold $632,500 aggregate principal amount of its 0.00% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “Notes”). The Notes were sold pursuant to an indenture, dated September 25, 2020 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes do not bear regular interest and mature on September 15, 2025, unless earlier repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms. The Notes are general senior unsecured obligations of the Company.

Holders may convert their Notes prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding June 15, 2025 in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five-business-day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of that five consecutive trading day period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events as described in the Indenture. In addition, holders may convert their Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option at any time beginning on or after June 15, 2025, and prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the stated maturity date of the Notes, without regard to the foregoing circumstances. The initial conversion rate for the Notes was 3.5997 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $277.80 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events as set forth in the Indenture.

Upon conversion, the Company may choose to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock.

In addition, upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), holders of the Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at a repurchase price of 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid special interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date. If certain fundamental changes referred to as make-whole fundamental changes occur, the conversion rate for the Notes may be increased.

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The Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 the Company recorded amortized debt issuance costs related to the Notes in the amount of $2,930, $2,916 and $2,903, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, the issuance costs of the Notes will be amortized over the remaining term of approximately 1.70 years.

The annual effective interest rate of the Notes is 0.47%.

As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Notes, which the Company has classified as Level 2 financial instruments, is $577,156. The estimated fair value was determined based on the quoted bid price of the Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period.

As of December 31, 2023, the if-converted value of the Notes did not exceed the principal amount.

NOTE 18: OTHER LONG TERM LIABILITIES

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NOTE 19: STOCK CAPITAL

Common stock confers upon its holders the right to receive notice of, and to participate in, all general meetings of the Company, where each share of common stock shall have one vote for all purposes, to share equally, on a per share basis, in bonuses, profits, or distributions out of fund legally available therefor, and to participate in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company in the event of liquidation of the Company.

On March 17, 2022, the Company offered and sold 2,300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a public offering price of $295.00 per share. The shares of Common Stock were issued and sold in a registered offering pursuant to the underwriting agreement dated March 17, 2022, among the Company, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (the “Underwriting Agreement”). All of the offered shares were issued at closing, including 300,000 shares of Common Stock that were issued and sold pursuant to the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares under the Underwriting Agreement, which was exercised in full on March 18, 2022.

The net proceeds to the Company were $650,526 after deducting underwriters' discounts of $27,140 and commissions of $834.

The Company’s 2007 Global Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) was adopted by the board of directors on August 30, 2007. The 2007 Plan terminated upon the Company’s IPO on March 31, 2015 and no further awards may be granted thereunder. All outstanding awards will continue to be governed by their existing terms and 379,358 available options for future grants were transferred to the Company’s 2015 Global Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) and are reserved for future issuances under the 2015 plan. The 2015 Plan became effective upon the consummation of the IPO. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of options, restricted stock units ("RSU"), performance stock units ("PSU"), and other share-based awards to directors, employees, officers, and non-employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2023, a total of 20,853,755 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to stock awards under the 2015 Plan (the “Share Reserve”), an aggregate of 11,042,805 shares are still available for future grants.

The Share Reserve will automatically increase on January 1 st of each year during the term of the 2015 Plan, commencing on January 1 st of the year following the year in which the 2015 Plan becomes effective, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31 st of the preceding calendar year; provided, however, that the Company’s board of directors may determine that there will not be a January 1 st increase in the Share Reserve in a given year or that the increase will be less than 5% of the shares of capital stock outstanding on the preceding December 31 st.

The Company granted under its 2015 Plan, PSU awards to certain employees and officers which vest upon the achievement of certain performance or market conditions subject to their continued employment with the Company.

In 2021, the Company has also committed to issuing additional shares, which are subject to resale registration rights and which carry certain performance conditions (including business performance targets and a continued service relationship with the Company) and are treated as PSUs for accounting purposes.

The market condition for the PSUs is based on the Company’s total shareholder return ("TSR") compared to the TSR of companies listed in the S&P 500 index over a one to three year performance period. The Company uses a Monte-Carlo simulation to determine the grant date fair value for these awards, which takes into consideration the market price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant less the present value of dividends expected during the requisite service period, as well as the possible outcomes pertaining to the TSR market condition. The Company recognizes such compensation expenses on an accelerated vesting method.

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The aggregate maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued on the exercise of incentive stock options is 10,000,000. As of December 31, 2023, an aggregate of 8,617,974 options are still available for future grants under the 2015 Plan.

A summary of the activity in stock options and related information is as follows:

The intrinsic value is the amount by which the closing price of the Company’s common stock on December 31, 2023 of $93.60 or the price on the day of exercise exceeds the exercise price of the stock options multiplied by the number of in-the-money options.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $3,572, $37,948, and $65,668, respectively.

No options were granted in 2023.

A summary of the activity in the RSUs and related information is as follows:

A summary of the activity in the PSUs and related information is as follows:

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The Company adopted an ESPP effective upon the consummation of the IPO. As of December 31, 2023, total of 4,150,380 shares were reserved for issuance under this plan. The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP will increase automatically on January 1st of each year, for ten years, by the lesser of 1% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or 487,643 shares. However, the Company’s board of directors may reduce the amount of the increase in any particular year at their discretion, including a reduction to zero.

The ESPP is implemented through an offering every six months. According to the ESPP, eligible employees may use up to 15% of their salaries to purchase common stock up to an aggregate limit of $15 per participant for every six months plan. The price of an ordinary share purchased under the ESPP is equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the ordinary share on the subscription date of each offering period or on the purchase date.

As of December 31, 2023,938,164 shares of common stock had been purchased under the ESPP.

As of December 31, 2023,3,212,216 shares of common stock were available for future issuance under the ESPP.

In accordance with ASC No. 718, the ESPP is compensatory and, as such, results in recognition of compensation cost.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expenses related to all stock-based awards in the consolidated statement of income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, as follows:

The total tax benefit associated with share-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $27,551, $7,747 and $19,113, respectively. The tax benefit realized from share-based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $8,866, $10,171 and $13,379, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, there were total unrecognized compensation expenses in the amount of $332,367 related to non-vested equity-based compensation arrangements granted. These expenses are expected to be recognized during the period from January 1, 2024 through November 30, 2027.

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NOTE 20: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

As of December 31, 2023, contingent liabilities exist regarding guarantees in the amounts of $6,123 and $1,946 in respect of office rent lease agreements and customs and other transactions, respectively.

The Company has contractual obligations to purchase goods and raw materials. These contractual purchase obligations relate to inventories and other purchase orders, which cannot be canceled without penalty. In addition, the Company acquires raw materials or other goods and services, including product components, by issuing authorizations to its suppliers to purchase materials based on its projected demand and manufacturing needs.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had non-cancelable purchase obligations totaling approximately $1,041,253, out of which the Company recorded a provision for loss in the amount of $24,963.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had contractual obligations for capital expenditures totaling approximately $95,499. These commitments reflect purchases of automated assembly lines and other machinery related to the Company’s manufacturing process.

From time to time, the Company may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings. The Company reviews the status of each matter and assesses its potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company accrues a liability for the estimated loss. These accruals are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter.

On November 3, 2023, Daphne Shen, a purported stockholder of the Company, filed a proposed class action complaint for violation of federal securities laws, individually and putatively on behalf of all others similarly situated, in the U.S District Court of the Southern District of New York against the Company, the Company’s CEO and the Company’s CFO. The complaint alleges violations of Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act, as well as violations of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the individual defendants. The complaint seeks class certification, damages, interest, attorneys’ fees, and other relief. On December 13, 2023, Javier Cascallar filed a similar proposed class action. On February 7, 2024, the Court consolidated the two actions, and appointed co-lead plaintiffs and lead counsel. Due to the early stage of this proceeding, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the potential range of loss, if any, or the likelihood of a potential adverse outcome. The Company disputes the allegations of wrongdoing and intends to vigorously defend against them.

In August 2019, the Company was served with a lawsuit filed in the civil courts of Milan, Italy against the Italian subsidiary of SolarEdge e-Mobility S.r.l (previously SMRE S.p.A) that purchased the shares of SolarEdge e-Mobility in the tender offer that followed the SolarEdge e-Mobility Acquisition by certain former shareholders of SolarEdge e-Mobility who tendered their shares. The lawsuit asked for damages of approximately $3,000, representing the difference between the amount for which they tendered their shares (6 Euro per share) and 6.7 Euros per share. In December 2023 the court of Milan, rendered a decision ordering SolarEdge to pay, in favor of each plaintiff, the difference between the price paid (6 Euro per share) and 6.44 Euro per share, i.e.0.44 euros per share. The Company is currently evaluating whether to appeal this decision.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company recorded an accrual of $2,011 for legal claims which was recorded under accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

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NOTE 21: ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

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The following table provides details about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

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NOTE 22: EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted EPS attributable to SolarEdge Technologies Inc.:

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NOTE 23: OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES, NET

1 See Note 9

2 See Note 20c

3 In the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received a payment of $859 out of the SolarEdge Korea (formerly Kokam) acquisition escrow, with regards to a working capital adjustment.

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NOTE 24: RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER EXIT ACTIVITIES

In October of 2023, the Company made an announcement regarding its restructuring plans to adjust its manufacturing capacity and increase operating efficiency, including terminating the manufacturing process in Mexico, reducing manufacturing capacity in China, and discontinuing the Company’s LCV activity. The program is expected to be completed by the end of the first half of 2024. These decisions were made in order to better align the Company with current market conditions.

The Company determined that the discontinuation of the LCV activity does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results and therefore it did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations classification.

Restructuring and other exit charges for the year ended December 31, 2023 by segments and type of cost were as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $4,314 of inventory write-downs in cost of revenues as a result of Critical Power's discontinuation.

The Company did not record any restructuring and other exit activities costs for the year ended December 31, 2021

The Company’s liability balance for the restructuring and other exit charges is as follows:

1 Inventory write-down is included under Inventories, net on the balance sheet.

The total amount expected to be incurred for restructuring and other exit charges, which primarily consists of contract terminations related to the solar segment, is $10,558.

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NOTE 25: INCOME TAXES

The Company is subject to U.S. federal tax at the rate of 21%.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was signed into law making significant changes to U.S. income tax law. These changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years 2018 onwards and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and certain related-party payments - the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”). Furthermore, changes introduced by the Tax Act to Section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code, that came into effect on January 1, 2022, require taxpayers to amortize research and development expenditures over five years (if incurred in the U.S.) or fifteen years (if incurred outside the U.S.), thereby increasing taxable income and payable tax.

The Tax Act required the Company to pay U.S. income taxes on accumulated foreign subsidiaries earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% to the extent of foreign cash and certain other net current assets and 8% on the remaining earnings. The total tax liability was calculated to approximately $8,500, which will be paid over the eight-year period provided in the Tax Act (ending 2024).

The taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to corporate tax at the rate of 23%. The Israeli subsidiary is also eligible for tax benefits as further described in note 25j.

As of December 31, 2023, the foreign subsidiaries have carryforward tax losses of $205,263 which do not have an expiration date.

Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

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Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows:

(1)Related to deferred tax assets that would only be realizable upon the generation of net income in certain foreign jurisdictions.

The Company’s Israeli subsidiary’s tax-exempt profit from Benefited Enterprises (as defined in note 25j) is permanently reinvested, Therefore, deferred taxes have not been provided for such tax-exempt income.

The Company may incur additional tax liability in the event of intercompany dividend distributions by some of its subsidiaries. Such additional tax liability in respect of these subsidiaries has not been provided for in the Financial Statements as the Company’s management and the Board of Directors has determined that the Company intends to reinvest earnings of its subsidiaries indefinitely.

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The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits above would affect the Company's effective tax rate, if recognized.

The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2023, the Company accrued $2,927.

The total amount of penalties and interest were not material as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

It is reasonably possible that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by an insignificant amount in the next 12 months, primarily due to the lapse of the statute of limitations.

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The differences between the statutory tax rate of the Company and the effective tax rate are result of a variety of factors, including different effective tax rates applicable to non-US subsidiaries that have tax rates different than the Company tax rate, tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation and adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets of such subsidiaries.

A reconciliation between the theoretical tax expense and the actual tax expense as reported in the consolidated statements of income is as follows:

The Israeli tax authorities issued a tax order for tax year 2016 and tax assessments for tax years 2017 and 2018 against the Company’s Israeli subsidiary, challenging the subsidiary's positions on several issues. The Israeli subsidiary has protested the order before the Central District Court in Israel and appealed the tax assessments.

The Company believes it has adequately provided for these items, however adverse results could have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries filed U.S. federal and various state and foreign income tax returns. The statute of limitations relating to the consolidated U.S. federal income tax return is closed for all tax years up to and including 2018.

The statute of limitations related to tax returns of the Company’s Israeli subsidiary for all tax years up to and including 2015 has lapsed.

The statute of limitations related to tax returns of the Company’s other subsidiaries has lapsed for part of the tax years, which differs between the different subsidiaries.

The Israeli subsidiary elected tax year 2012 as a "Year of Election" for “Benefited Enterprise” status under the Investments Law. According to the Investments Law, the Israeli subsidiary elected to participate in the alternative benefits program which provides certain benefits, including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates (which depend on, inter alia, the geographic location in Israel). Income not eligible for Benefited Enterprise benefits is taxed at a regular corporate tax rate.

Upon meeting the requirements under the Investments Law, undistributed income derived from Benefited Enterprise from productive activity will be exempt from tax for two years from the year in which the Israeli subsidiary first has taxable income (“exempt period”), provided that 12 years have not passed from the beginning of the year of election.

On October 24, 2018, the Company’s Israeli subsidiary received an approval from the Israeli Tax Authorities confirming the applicability of the two-year tax exemption as provided in the Investments Law until December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $289,900 was derived from tax exempt profits earned by the Israeli subsidiary “Benefited Enterprises” in the two tax years exempt period, tax years 2017 - 2018. The Company has determined that such tax-exempt income will not be distributed as dividends and intends to reinvest the amount of its tax-exempt income earned by the Israeli subsidiary. Accordingly, no provision for deferred income taxes has been provided on income attributable to the Israeli subsidiary “Benefited Enterprises” as such income is essentially permanently reinvested.

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If the Israeli subsidiary’s retained tax-exempt income is distributed, the income would be taxed at the applicable corporate tax rate which depends on the foreign ownership in each tax year.

Through December 31, 2023, the Israeli subsidiary had generated income under the provision of the Investments Law.

Pursuant to amendment 73 to the Investments Law (the “2017 Amendment"), a preferred enterprise located in development area A will be subject to a tax rate of 7.5% instead of 9% effective from January 1, 2017 and thereafter (the tax rate applicable to preferred enterprises located in other areas remains at 16%).

The 2017 Amendment also prescribes special tax tracks for preferred technological enterprises (“PTE”), which are subject to rules that were issued by the Ministry of Finance.

On June 14, 2017, the Encouragement of Capital Investments Regulations (Preferred Technological Income and Capital Gain for Technological Enterprise), 2017 (the “Regulations”) were published.

The Regulations describe, inter alia, the mechanism used to determine the calculation of the benefits under the PTE regime. According to these regulations, a company that complies with the terms under the PTE regime may be entitled to certain tax benefits with respect to income generated during the company’s regular course of business and derived from the preferred intangible asset, excluding income derived from intangible assets used for marketing and income attributed to production activity.

A PTE, which is located in the center of Israel will be subject to tax at a rate of 12% on profits deriving from intellectual property, or 6% if its annual revenues exceed NIS 10 billion ("Threshold"). The Israeli subsidiary notified the ITA of its election to implement the PTE with effect from January 1, 2019, and its PTE income was subject to a 12% tax rate in the years 2019-2021, and in 2022-2023 to a 6% tax rate as the group surpassed the Threshold. The Company currently expects not to meet the Threshold in 2024 and consequently expects its tax on its PTE income to be 12% in 2024. The Company adjusted its deferred taxes accordingly.

Tax Benefits for Research and Development:

Israeli tax law (section 20A to the Israeli Tax Ordinance (New Version), 1961) allows a tax deduction for research and development expenses, including capital expenses, in the year in which they are paid. Such expenses must relate to scientific research in industry, agriculture, transportation or energy, and must be approved by the relevant Israeli government ministry, determined by the field of research. Expenses incurred in scientific research that are not approved by the relevant government ministry are amortized over a three-year period starting from the tax year in which they are paid. The Company’s Israeli subsidiary intends to submit a formal request to the relevant government ministry in order to obtain such approval for 2019 - 2021.

The Company’s Israeli subsidiary claims currently to be qualified as ‘industrial company’ as defined by this law and as such, is entitled to certain tax benefits, consisting mainly of accelerated depreciation and amortization of patents and certain other intangible property.

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NOTE 26: FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

NOTE 27: SEGMENT, GEOGRAPHIC AND PRODUCT INFORMATION

Following the discontinuation of the Critical Power segment in June 2022, the Company operated in four different operating segments: Solar, Energy Storage, e-Mobility and Automation Machines. In October 2023, the Company decided to discontinue its LCV activity.

The Company's Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), makes resource allocation decisions and assesses performance based on financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues and contributed profit by the operating segments.

The Company does not allocate to its operating segments revenue recognized due to advance payments received for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year (“financing component”), related to Accounting Standard Codification 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606).

Segment profit (loss) is comprised of gross profit for the segment less operating expenses that do not include amortization and impairment of purchased intangible assets, stock based compensation expenses, restructuring charges, discontinued activity charges and certain other items.

The Company manages its assets on a group basis, not by segments, as many of its assets are shared or co-mingled. The Company’s CODM does not regularly review asset information by segments and, therefore, the Company does not report asset information by segment.

The Company identifiedtwo operating segments as reportable – the Solar segment and the Energy Storage segment. The other operating segments are insignificant individually and therefore their results are presented together under “All other”.

The Solar segment includes the design, development, manufacturing, and sales of an intelligent inverter solution designed to maximize power generation at the individual PV module level and batteries for PV applications. The Solar segment solution consists mainly of the Company’s power optimizers, inverters, batteries and cloud‑based monitoring platform.

The Energy Storage segment includes the design, development, manufacturing, and sales of high-energy, high-power, lithium-ion cells and racks and containerized battery systems for C&I and Utility markets. The Energy Storage segment provides purpose-built components and solutions, hardware and software, as well as pre and post sales engineering support to design, build, and manage battery and system solutions according to the customer’s use cases and mission profiles.

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The “All other” category includes the e-Mobility products, automated machines and UPS products (in prior periods).

The following tables presents information on reportable segments profit (loss) for the period presented:

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The following table presents information on reportable segments reconciliation to consolidated revenues for the periods presented:

The following table presents information on reportable segments reconciliation to consolidated operating income for the periods presented:

(*) Except for Germany, Netherlands and Italy

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(*) Long-lived assets are comprised of property and equipment, net and Operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

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NOTE 28: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

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