MUNCY COLUMBIA FINANCIAL Corp

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Muncy Columbia Financial Corporation (the “Corporation”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Journey Bank (the “Bank”). All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The consolidated financial information included herein, except the consolidated balance sheet dated December 31, 2025, is unaudited. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Prior period amounts have been reclassified when necessary to conform to the current period’s presentation. Such reclassifications did not have an impact on the operating results or financial position of the Corporation. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2026.

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s audited financial statements, included in the Annual Report filed on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025*.*

CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATE

Effective September 30, 2026, the Corporation changed its methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") on loans and other financial assets subject to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 326,Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. The change was made to enhance the precision of the Corporation's estimate of expected credit losses by incorporating a new cash flow methodology to better reflect the risk characteristics and expected cash flows of the Corporation's loan portfolio.

Prior to the change, the Corporation estimated expected credit losses using primarily a probability of default methodology. Under the revised methodology, the Corporation utilizes a cash flow model to calculate the sum of expected losses via a gross loss rate and recovery rate assumption for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics to estimate expected credit losses over the contractual term of the applicable financial assets, adjusted for expected prepayments and other relevant factors. The revised methodology incorporates federal call report loan codes as the segmentation mechanism.

The change in methodology represents a change in accounting estimate resulting from an improvement in the Corporation's estimation methodology and does not represent a change in the underlying accounting principle or requirements of ASC 326. Accordingly, the change has been accounted for prospectively in the period of change.

The effect of the change in methodology on the ACL as of September 30, 2026 was an increase of approximately $100,000. The change resulted in an increase in provision for credit losses on loans of approximately $100,000 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2026. The effect on net income was approximately $79,000, or $0.01 per basic and diluted share, after consideration of the related income tax effect.

The impact of the change is dependent upon the composition and credit characteristics of the Corporation's loan portfolio, economic conditions, and other assumptions used in the estimation process. As a result, the amount of the ACL and provision for credit losses may vary materially in future periods as these factors and management's expectations change.

The Corporation continues to evaluate the performance of its CECL methodology and the reasonableness of the assumptions and forecasts used in estimating expected credit losses. Future refinements to the methodology, assumptions, segmentation, forecasts, or other estimation techniques may result in changes to the ACL and provision for credit losses.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES - LOANS

The ACL on loans is a valuation account that is used to present the net amount expected to be collected on a loan. The ACL is adjusted through provision for credit losses as a charge against, or credit to, earnings. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the ACL, and any subsequent recoveries are credited to the ACL. Management evaluates the ACL on a quarterly basis. When changes in the reserve are necessary, an adjustment is made.

Management uses relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts in calculating its ACL. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses.

The key inputs to the cash flow model are loss rate, prepayment and curtailment rates, reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, and forecast reversion period.

The allowance for credit losses calculation includes subjective adjustments for qualitative risk factors that are deemed likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical experience. These qualitative adjustments generally increase allowance levels and include adjustments for factors deemed relevant, including: the nature and volume of portfolio changes, including loan portfolio growth; concentrations of credit based on loan type or industry; the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual or adversely classified loans; trends in real estate or other collateral values; lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting and collections practices and loan review function; credit review function; lending, credit and other relevant management experience and risk tolerance; external factors and economic conditions not already captured. Each qualitative factor is assigned a value to reflect improvement, no change, minor risk, moderate risk, or major risk conditions based on management's best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation. Management uses a variety of future looking forecasts along with current economic statistics from reputable sources to assign the qualitative factor based on set parameters. Adjustments to the factors are supported through documentation of changes in conditions in a narrative accompanying the allowance calculation.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The ACL for individual loans begins with the use of normal credit review procedures to identify whether a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other pooled loans and therefore, should be individually assessed. We evaluate all loans that meet the following criteria: (1) when it is determined that foreclosure is probable; or (2) substandard, doubtful and nonperforming loans when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral; or (3) when it is determined by management that a loan does not share similar risk characteristics with other loans. Specific reserves are established based on the following three acceptable methods for measuring the ACL: (1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate; (2) the loan’s observable market price; or (3) the fair value of the collateral when the loan is collateral dependent. Our individual loan evaluations consist primarily of the fair value of collateral method because most of our loans are collateral dependent. Collateral values are discounted to consider disposition costs when appropriate. A specific reserve is established or a charge-off is taken if the fair value of the loan is less than the loan balance.

STOCK SPLIT

On April 23, 2026, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared athree-for-one stock split in the form of a 200% stock dividend on its outstanding shares of common stock. Each shareholder of record as of the close of business on May 7, 2026 received two additional shares of common stock for each share then held, effective May 15, 2026. The dividend was paid in authorized but unissued shares of common stock of the Corporation. The par value of the Corporation's stock was not affected by the split and remained at $1.25 per share. All share and per share amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the three-for-one stock split.

SEGMENT REPORTING

Management has determined that the Corporation hasone reportable segment, “Community Banking.” All of the Corporation’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Corporation supports the others.

The Corporation’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer assesses performance for the Community Banking segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income that is reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as total assets. There have been no changes in the basis of segmentation or in the basis of measurement of segment profit or loss since the Annual Report filed on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025*.*

RECENTLY ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01,Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which clarifies the effective date of ASU 2024-03, which is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact the new guidance will have on relevant disclosures.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08,Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326):Purchased Loans, which amends the guidance in ASC 326 on the accounting for certain purchased loans. Under the ASU, entities must account for acquired loans (excluding credit cards) that meet certain criteria at acquisition (“purchased seasoned loans”) by recognizing them at their purchase price plus an allowance for expected credit losses (i.e., the so-called gross-up approach). The ASU’s amendments align the accounting for purchased seasoned loans with the treatment of financial assets purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”). Although the ASU expands the application of the gross-up approach, it does not amend the measurement, presentation, or disclosure requirements in ASC 326. The ASU’s guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim reporting periods, and entities must apply it prospectively. To the extent the Corporation purchases loans after the effective date of this ASU, this new guidance would apply which would eliminate the day 1 ACL on non-PCD loans being recorded through the provision for credit losses within the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

2. SECURITIES

The amortized cost, related estimated fair value, and unrealized gains and losses of available-for-sale debt securities were as follows at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Securities available-for-sale with an aggregate fair value of $186,790,000 and $168,782,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, trust funds, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other balances as required by law.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities, by expected maturity, are shown below at September 30, 2026. Expected maturities on debt securities will differ from contractual maturities, because some borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The Corporation’s mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations have stated maturities that may differ from actual maturities due to borrowers’ ability to prepay obligations. Cash flows from such investments are dependent upon the performance of the underlying mortgage loans and are generally influenced by the level of interest rates. In the table above, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are shown in one period.

The following table presents the gross proceeds received, and gross realized gains and losses, on sales and calls of available-for-sale debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. Gains and losses realized on sales and calls of available-for-sale debt securities are included in non-interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following summary shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category of those individual securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than or more than 12 months as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

At September 30, 2026, the Corporation had a total of 269 debt securities that have been in a gross unrealized loss position for less than twelve months with depreciation of 5.4% from the Corporation’s amortized cost basis.

At September 30, 2026, the Corporation had a total of 71 debt securities that have been in a gross unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months with depreciation of 8.7% from the Corporation’s amortized cost basis.

At September 30, 2026, unrealized losses on debt securities have not been recognized into income because the issuer’s bonds are of high credit quality (rated BBB or higher), management does not intend to sell and it is likely that management will not be required to sell the securities prior to their anticipated recovery, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and other market conditions. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach maturity.

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, no allowance for credit loss (“ACL”) was required for debt securities. The Bank does not have the intent to sell and does not believe it will be more likely than not to be required to sell any of these securities prior to a recovery of their fair value to amortized cost, which may be at maturity.

As of September 30, 2026, all debt securities were rated above investment grade, with the exception of one unrated municipal bond with an amortized cost basis of $321,000. Based on the payment status, ratings and management’s evaluation of these securities, no ACL was required for the debt securities as of September 30, 2026. As of September 30, 2026, the underlying issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments on the securities.

Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are stated at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in income. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Corporation held $1,647,000 and $1,411,000, respectively, in marketable equity securities recorded at fair value. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on marketable equity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025:

3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment to yield (interest income) over the life of the loan. Deferred fees and costs amounted to $703,000 at September 30, 2026 and $747,000 at December 31, 2025 and are included with the outstanding unpaid principal balances.

The segments of the Corporation’s loan portfolio are disaggregated to allow management to monitor risk and performance. The loan segments used are consistent with the internal reports evaluated by the Corporation’s management and Board of Directors to monitor risk and performance within its loan portfolio.

The following table summarizes major classifications of loans at September 30, 2026, reflecting changes made to the Corporation’s allowance methodology and related loan segments, and December 31, 2025, reflecting the Corporation’s previous allowance methodology and related loan segments:

Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Financial Receivables

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Corporation has aligned our segmentation to federal call report loan codes.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, reflecting the changes made to the Corporation’s allowance methodology effective September 30, 2026. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for additional information on the change in methodology:

(a) Amounts do not include the provision for credit losses related to off-balance sheet credit exposures of $121,000 and $122,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, reflecting the Corporation’s previous allowance methodology. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for additional information:

(b) Amounts do not include the provision for credit losses related to off-balance sheet credit exposures of $4,000 and $2,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

In accordance with ASC 326, the Corporation will evaluate individual loans for expected credit losses when those loans do not share similar risk characteristics with loans evaluated using a collective (pooled) basis. Loans will not be included in both collective and individual analysis. The individual analysis will establish a specific reserve for loans in scope.

Specific reserves are established based on the following three acceptable methods for measuring the ACL:1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original interest rate; 2) the loan’s observable market price; 3) the fair value of the collateral when the loan is collateral dependent. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis with the evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance being made on a quarterly basis.

The need for an updated appraisal on collateral dependent loans is determined on a case-by-case basis. The useful life of an appraisal or evaluation will vary depending upon the circumstances of the property and the economic conditions in the marketplace. A new appraisal is not required if there is an existing appraisal which, along with other information, is sufficient to determine a reasonable value for the property and to support an appropriate and adequate allowance for credit losses. At a minimum, annual documented reevaluation of the property is completed by the Bank’s Chief Credit Officer to support the value of the property.

When receiving an appraisal associated with an existing real estate collateral dependent transaction, the Bank’s Chief Credit Officer must determine if there have been material changes to the underlying assumptions in the appraisal which affect the original estimate of value. Some of the factors that could cause material changes to reported values include:

The value of the property is adjusted to appropriately reflect the above listed factors and the value is discounted to reflect the value impact of a forced distressed sale, any outstanding senior liens, any outstanding unpaid real estate taxes, transfer taxes and closing costs that would occur with sale of the real estate. If the Chief Credit Officer determines that a reasonable value cannot be derived based on the available information, a new appraisal is ordered. The determination of the need for a new appraisal rests with the Chief Credit Officer and not the originating account officer.

The following table summarizes the loan portfolio and allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2026, reflecting the changes made to the Corporation’s allowance methodology, and December 31, 2025, reflecting the Corporation’s previous allowance methodology:

As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost basis of individually evaluated loans that were deemed to be collateral dependent was $7,948,000 and $4,973,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans classified as Residential Real Estate were $4,901,000 and $3,458,000, respectively, and were collateralized by residential real estate properties. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans classified as Commercial Real Estate were $3,047,000 and $1,515,000, respectively, and were collateralized by commercial real estate properties.

Age Analysis of Past-Due Loans Receivable

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past-due status as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Non-performing Loans

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing interest as of September 30, 2026, reflecting the changes made to the Corporation’s allowance methodology, and December 31, 2025, reflecting the Corporation’s previous allowance methodology:

Credit Quality Indicators

The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial real estate, commercial construction, and commercial and industrial loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Bank uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass. Loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral.

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents the recorded investment in non-homogenous loans by internal risk rating system as of September 30, 2026, reflecting the changes made to the Corporation’s allowance methodology, and December 31, 2025, reflecting the Corporation’s previous allowance methodology:

The Bank monitors the credit risk profile by payment activity for residential real estate, consumer, and other loan classes. Loans past due 90 days or more and loans on nonaccrual status are considered non-performing. Non-performing loans are reviewed quarterly. The following table presents the amortized cost in residential real estate, and consumer and other loans based on payment activity as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Occasionally, the Bank may consider modifying loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing term extension, other-than-insignificant payment delay or interest rate reduction. In some cases, the Bank provides multiple types of concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as an interest rate reduction, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as term extension, may be granted.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Bank did not grant any loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2025, that were both experiencing difficulty and modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below:

The Bank closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance of such loans that have been modified in the last 12 months at September 30, 2026 and 2025:

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025:

Upon the Bank’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

The carrying amount of foreclosed residential real estate properties held as a result of obtaining physical possession were $45,000 and $320,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process were $3,442,000 and $1,935,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Corporation’s lending activity occurs within the Bank’s primary market area which encompasses Clinton, Columbia, Lycoming, Montour and Northumberland counties in Northcentral Pennsylvania. The majority of the Corporation’s loan portfolio consists of commercial and consumer real estate loans. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no concentrations of loans related to any single industry in excess of 10% of total loans.

4. DEPOSITS

Major classifications of deposits at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 consisted of:

Time deposits of $250,000 or more amounted to $112,962,000 and $96,961,000 as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

5. BORROWED FUNDS

Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings include repurchase agreements with customers and advances from the FHLB. As of September 30, 2026, the Bank was approved by the FHLB for borrowings of up to $602,450,000 of which the FHLB had issued letters of credit on the Bank’s behalf totaling $24,000,000 against its borrowing capacity and the Bank had other reductions in its borrowing capacity totaling $2,316,000. Advances from the FHLB are secured by qualifying assets of the Bank. In addition to the outstanding balances noted below, the Bank also has additional unused lines of credit totaling $19,613,000 available from correspondent banks other than the FHLB. The outstanding balances and related information for short-term borrowings are summarized as follows as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The Corporation utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of our customers and to facilitate secured short-term funding needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are stated at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. We monitor collateral levels on a continuous basis. We may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with our safekeeping agents.

The remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is presented in the following tables:

The fair value of securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements may decline. The Corporation manages this risk by having a policy to pledge securities valued at 110% of the gross outstanding balance of repurchase agreements. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are secured by securities with a carrying amount of $8,522,000 and $20,317,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Long-Term Borrowings

Long-term FHLB borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The Corporation prepaid, in full, its outstanding long-term FHLB borrowings of $40,984,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. This resulted in an aggregate prepayment penalty of approximately $49,000, as well as the immediate recognition of approximately $313,000 of remaining unamortized fair value adjustments related to these borrowings, which was recognized in interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income, during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, on a pretax basis.

6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Corporation establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework associated with the level of pricing observability utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data available.

The following table presents the assets reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The fair values of equity securities classified as Level I are derived from quoted market prices in active markets; these assets consist entirely of stocks held in other banks. The fair values of all debt securities classified as Level II are obtained from nationally-recognized third-party pricing agencies. The fair values are derived primarily from cash flow models, which include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayment speeds. The significant inputs utilized in the cash flow models are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Corporation (observable inputs) and are therefore classified as Level II within the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of real estate loans held for sale classified as Level II are derived from observable pricing inputs for similar assets in active markets.

The following table presents the assets measured on a nonrecurring basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Loans are individually evaluated for credit loss when they do not share similar risk characteristics as similar loans within their loan pool. Foreclosed assets held for sale consist of real estate acquired by foreclosure. Loans individually evaluated for credit loss are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for individual reserve requirements and adjusted accordingly. The following table provides a listing of significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement process for items valued utilizing level III techniques on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented in the table below:

Fair value is defined as a financial instrument which could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties other than in a forced or liquidation sale. If a quoted market price is available for a financial instrument, the estimated fair value would be calculated based upon the market price per trading unit of the instrument, but focuses on the exit price of the asset and liability.

If no readily available market exists, the fair value estimates for financial instruments should be based upon management’s judgment regarding current economic conditions, interest rate risk, expected cash flows, future estimate losses, and other factors as determined through various option pricing formulas. As many of these assumptions result from judgments made by management based upon estimates that are inherently uncertain, the resulting estimated fair values may not be indicative of the amount realizable in the sale of a particular financial instrument. In addition, changes in assumptions on which the estimate fair values are based may have a significant impact on the resulting estimated fair values.