All In FutureTech Alliance, Inc.

Note 1 – Background and Basis of Presentation

All In FutureTech Alliance, Inc.(“AIFA” and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) operates a public esports and entertainment company through its wholly owned subsidiaries Allied Esports Media Inc., (“AEM”), Allied Esports International, Inc., (“AEII”), Esports Arena Las Vegas, LLC (“ESALV”), Allied Mobile Entertainment Inc. (“AME”), Allied Mobile Entertainment (Hong Kong) Limited (“AME-HK”), Allied Experiential Entertainment Inc. (“AEE”), AIFA Investment Limited, formerly known as Skyline Music Entertainment (Hong Kong) Limited (“Skyline HK”), Beijing Lianhuan Technology Co., Ltd (“BLT”), and Allied Commercial Development (Hainan) Co., Ltd (“ACD”). AEII produces a variety of esports and gaming-related content, including world class tournaments, live and virtual events, and original programming to continuously foster an engaged gaming community. ESALV operates HyperX Arena Las Vegas, the world’s most recognized esports facility. AME-HK is a wholly owned subsidiary of AME and owns a 40% interest in Beijing Lianzhong Zhihe Technology Co. (“Z-Tech”). Z-Tech and BLT are engaged in the development and distribution of mobile casual games in China. AEE owns a 51% interest in Skyline Music Entertainment Limited (“Skyline”), which is principally engaged in the organization of events, shows and concerts by top entertainment artists. ACD is in the early stages of the development of esports and other entertainment venues in Hainan, an island province in southern China.

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been derived from the accounting records of AGAE and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and includes the operations of AGAE and its wholly owned subsidiaries, and Skyline and Z-Tech. Skyline is a majority owned subsidiary of AEE. The accounts of Z-Tech were consolidated in these financial statements based on the analysis performed under the voting interest model (“VOE”). The Company has a controlling financial interest in Z-Tech and Skyline. As a result, the Company consolidates Z-Tech and Skyline.

Business Combinations

In applying the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations, amounts assigned to identifiable assets and liabilities acquired were based on estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition, with the remainder recorded as goodwill. Intangible assets are initially valued at fair value using generally accepted valuation methods appropriate for the type of intangible asset. Transaction costs associated with these acquisitions are expensed as incurred and are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, together with amounts disclosed in the related notes to the financial statements. The Company’s significant estimates used in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, the valuation and carrying amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation, the fair value of marketable securities, accounts receivable and loans receivable reserves, the valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, loss contingencies, the impairment of goodwill, as well as the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, including right-of-use assets, intangible assets and property and equipment. Certain of the Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and could cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid short-term investments of the Company that have a maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s cash equivalents consist of money market funds of $4.8 million and $40 million, respectively. Money market funds are reported at their current carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments and are categorized as Level 1 within the fair value table.

Short-term Investments

Short-term investments include certificates of deposit, fixed rate deposits, equity linked notes, bond linked notes, FX linked notes and a US Treasury Note with original maturities of greater than three months but less than or equal to twelve months when purchased. The carrying amounts of the certificates of deposit and fixed rate deposits are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

The Company has elected the fair value option for recording its equity, bond and FX linked notes and its US Treasury Note, pursuant to ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”), whereby the hybrid instrument is initially recorded in its entirety at fair value and changes in fair value are recorded in other income (expense) on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company determines the appropriate classification of these investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date

Accrued interest receivable on short-term investments totaled $169,404 and $284,355 on December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and is included in current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations, according to ASC 321 “Investments - Equity Securities”. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company purchased certain publicly listed marketable securities through an open market transaction and accounted for such investments as “investment in marketable securities” and subsequently measures the investments at fair value at the balance sheet date. These securities are categorized as Level 1 assets within the fair value hierarchy table. The Company recognized a gain of $462,396 and $5,952 from the sale of investments in marketable securities for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Derivative Instruments

The Company has entered into an equity-linked decumulator contract with a financial institution to manage exposure to certain market positions and investment strategies. The contract is accounted for as derivative instruments under ASC 815 and are recorded at fair value within other assets or accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value are recognized currently in earnings within other income (expense). The fair value of the decumulator contracts is estimated using valuation models that incorporate significant assumptions, including expected volatility, market price movements, contractual settlement features, and discount rates. Due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurements are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820. As of December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a derivative liability of $657,136 associated with this contract.

Accounts Receivable and Loan Receivable

Accounts receivable and loans receivable are carried at their contractual amounts, less an estimate for credit losses. The Company estimates an allowance for credit losses based on the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology. The CECL methodology requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures) and replaces the incurred loss methodology’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was probable a loss event was incurred. The amount of the allowance for credit losses is based on ongoing, quarterly assessments by management. Receivables are considered past due if full payment is not received by the contractual due date. Past due accounts are generally written off against the allowance for bad debts only after all collection attempts have been exhausted. As of December 31, 2025, the Company recognized a CECL allowance of $2.6 million on the loans receivable discussed in Note 12. As of December 31, 2024, no allowance for credit losses was determined to be necessary.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives once the asset is placed in service. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of (a) the useful life of the asset; or (b) the remaining lease term (including renewal periods that are reasonably assured). Expenditures for maintenance and repairs which do not extend the economic useful life of the related assets are charged to operations as incurred, and expenditures which extend the economic life are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss on disposal is recognized in the statement of operations for the respective period.

The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:

Internal Use Software Development Costs

The costs incurred in the preliminary stages of software development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental, are capitalized and included within intangible assets on the accompanying balance sheet. Once they are ready for intended use they are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. On November 1, 2024 the internal use software was placed into service (see Note 11 – Intangible Assets – System Development Agreement for additional details).

Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360-10-35,Property, Plant and Equipment, Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets. This accounting standard requires that long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. See Note 3, Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350,Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an entity over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. ASC 350 requires that goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives be tested for impairment annually or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate that the fair value of an asset has more likely than not decreased below its carrying value. The Company intends to perform its annual impairment testing at year end of each year.

In determining whether a quantitative assessment is required on an interim basis, the Company will evaluate relevant events or circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after performing the qualitative assessment, an entity concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the entity would perform the quantitative impairment test described in ASC 350. However, if, after applying the qualitative assessment, the entity concludes that it is not more than likely that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is not required. The Company bases these assumptions on its historical data and experience, industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and its expectations.

In connection with the Company’s annual goodwill impairment tests as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the fair value of one of its reporting units was determined to be less than its carrying amount, resulting in the recognition of goodwill impairment charges of $0.67 million and $9.57 million, respectively. The reduction in fair value was primarily attributable to a decline in revenues from the prior year. The fair value of the reporting unit was estimated using a combination of the income approach (discounted cash flow method) and the market approach (guideline public company method). Key assumptions included projected revenue, gross profit and EBITDA margins, discount rates, and terminal growth rates, which were based on historical performance, industry trends, and market conditions. After the impairments, the remaining balance of goodwill associated with the reporting unit is approximately $2.25 million.

The Company’s intangible assets consist of the ESALV trademarks, which are being amortized over a useful life of 10 years, and software licenses, software development costs, mobile games licenses, and customer relationships, which are being amortized over a useful life of 5-10 years. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $2.82 million on its intangible assets, see Note 3.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”).

ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

The following table provides information about the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the level of the fair value hierarchy utilized to determine such fair values:

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents (excluding money market funds), accounts receivable, short-term investments (excluding US Treasury Note and bond, equity, and FX linked notes), interest receivable, loans receivable, accounts payable, operating lease liabilities, accrued liabilities, and loans payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

SeeMarketable Securities above for further details on marketable securities.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain income tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement by examining taxing authorities.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on uncertain income tax positions in interest expense in the Company’s statements of operations. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not expect the unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.

Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

Net Loss per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to the Company’s common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the impact of common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the potential exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants and the vesting of restricted stock awards.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share:

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

Revenue Recognition

To determine the proper revenue recognition method, the Company evaluates each of its contractual arrangements to identify its performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation because the promise to transfer the individual good or service is not separately identifiable from other promises within the contract and is therefore not distinct. Some of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations, primarily related to the provision of multiple goods or services. For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the total transaction price in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices underlying each performance obligation. There were no contracts with more than one performance obligation for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company recognizes revenue primarily from the following sources:

In-person revenue

In-person revenue was comprised of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Event revenues from the rental of the ESALV arena and gaming trucks are recognized over the term of the event based on the number of days completed relative to the total days of the event, as this method best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. In-person revenue also includes revenue from ticket sales, admission fees and food and beverage sales for events held at the Company’s esports properties. Ticket revenue is recognized at the completion of the applicable event. Point of sale revenues, such as food and beverage, gaming and merchandising revenues, are recognized when control of the related goods are transferred to the customer.

The Company generates sponsorship revenue from the naming rights of its esports arena which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the agreement. The Company records deferred revenue to the extent that payment has been received for services that have yet to be performed.

Multiplatform revenue

Multiplatform revenue was comprised of the following for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

The Company generates sponsorship revenue from the production and distribution of original content programming over live-streaming services. The Company recognizes sponsorship revenue pursuant to the terms of each individual contract when the Company satisfies the respective performance obligations, which could be recognized at a point in time or over the term of the contract.

The Company’s distribution revenue is generated primarily through the distribution of content to online channels. Any advertising revenue earned by online channels is shared with the Company. The Company recognizes online advertising revenue at the point in time when the advertisements are placed in the video content.

The Company records deferred revenue to the extent that payment has been received for services that have yet to be performed.

Casual mobile gaming revenue

The Company’s casual mobile gaming revenue is generated through Z-Tech which was acquired on October 31, 2023. Casual mobile gaming revenue is generated through contractual relationships with various advertising service providers for advertisements within the Company’s casual mobile games. Advertisements can be in the form of an impression, click-throughs, videos, or banners. The Company has determined the advertising service provider to be its customer and displaying the advertisements within its games is identified as the single performance obligation. Revenue from advertisements is recognized when the ad is displayed or clicked and the advertising service provider receives the benefits provided from this service. The price can be determined by the applicable evidence of the arrangement, which may include a master contract or a third-party statement of activity.

The transaction price is generally the product of the advertising units delivered (e.g. impressions, click-throughs) and the contractually agreed upon price per advertising unit. The price per advertising unit can also be based on revenue share percentages stated in the contract. The number of advertising units delivered is determined at the end of each month so there is no uncertainty about the transaction price.

The Company’s casual games are played on various mobile third-party platforms for which such third parties collect monies from advertisers and remit the net proceeds after deducting payment processing fees and player incentive payments. The Company is primarily responsible for providing access to the games, has control over the content and functionality of games before they are accessed by players, and has the discretion to establish the pricing for the advertisements. Therefore, the Company concluded that it is the principal in the transaction, and as a result, revenues are reported gross of payment processing fees and player incentive fees. Payment processing fees and player incentive fees are recorded as components of cost of revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue recognition

The following table summarizes our revenue recognized under ASC 606 in our consolidated statements of operations:

The timing of the Company’s revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by its customers. A receivable is recorded when revenue is recognized prior to payment and the Company has an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, the Company records deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had contract liabilities of $218,275 and $656,382, respectively, which are included in deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Through December 31, 2025, $641,602 of performance obligations in connection with contract liabilities included within deferred revenue on the prior year consolidated balance sheet have been satisfied. The Company expects to satisfy its deferred revenue balance of $218,275 within the next twelve months. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there was no revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods.

Effective February 22, 2023, the Company entered into a sponsorship agreement which expires on April 2, 2026. The total contract price for this sponsorship agreement is $5.8 million. As of December 31, 2025, the aggregate transaction price allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligations under this agreement is approximately $0.46 million. The Company expects to recognize this revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied over the remaining term of the contract.

Digital Assets

The Company has ownership of and control over the digital assets and the Company may use third-party custodial services to secure them. The Company accounted for digital assets held as the result of the receipt of Ethereum and Bitcoin, as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other through December 31, 2024. Following the adoption of ASU 2023-08 effective January 1, 2025, the Company measures digital assets at fair value with changes recognized in other (expense) income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Refer to Note 9 – Digital Assets for further information regarding the impact of the Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-08.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The estimation of stock-based awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from original estimates, such amounts are recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Segment Information

Reportable segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance. The chief operating decision maker of Allied Esports is Allied Esports’s chief executive officer and the chief operating decision makers of Z-Tech and Skyline are senior executives of these subsidiaries. Separate discrete financial information for each of Allied Esports, Z-Tech, ACD, BLT and Skyline are reviewed separately by chief operating decision makers and the operations of Allied Esports, Z-Tech, and Skyline are managed separately. As such, the operations of Allied Esports (video game events and tournaments), Z-Tech and BLT (casual mobile games) and Skyline (live concert promotion) are reported as separate operating segments. See Note 19 – Segment Data.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to operations in the year incurred and totaled $34,778 and $60,237 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are included in selling and marketing expenses on the accompanying statements of operations.

Concentration Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, loans receivable, interest receivable, accounts receivable and other receivables. The Company maintains cash deposits and short-term investments with major U.S. financial institutions that at various times may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. Cash equivalents of approximately $4.8 million held in money market funds are maintained in a foreign bank account and not covered by FDIC insurance limits. The Company’s US Treasury Note, bond linked note and equity linked note with an aggregate value of approximately $37.6 million are also maintained in a foreign bank and not covered by FDIC insurance limits.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s loans receivable consisted of three loans which were 44%,36%, and 20%, respectively, of the Company’s total loan receivable balance.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s loans receivable consisted of three loans which were 46%,29%, and 25%, respectively, of the Company’s total loan receivable balance.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024,38% and 49%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues were from customers in foreign countries.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company’s two largest customers accounted for 38% and 23% of the Company’s consolidated revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company’s two largest customers accounted for 48% and 20% of the Company’s consolidated revenues.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s two largest customers represented 80% and 19%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s two largest customers represented 88% and 9%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s reporting currency is the United States Dollar. The functional currencies of the Company’s operating subsidiaries are their local currencies (United States Dollar (“USD”), and Chinese Yuan (“RMB”)).

Yuan-denominated assets and liabilities are translated into the United States Dollar using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date (0.1429 and 0.1370 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively) and revenue and expense accounts are translated using the weighted average exchange rate in effect for the period (0.1389 and 0.1391 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively).

The Company engages in foreign currency denominated transactions with customers and suppliers, as well as between subsidiaries with different functional currencies. Realized gains (losses) of $388,677 and ($28,725) arising from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are recognized in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements, except as disclosed.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segments Disclosures (Topic 280), which updates reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses on both an annual and interim basis. The guidance becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. Since this new ASU addresses only disclosures, this ASU did not have any material effects on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350 – 60). This update requires an entity to subsequently measure certain assets at fair value with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. This update also requires that an entity present crypto assets measured at fair value separately from other intangible assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and changes from the remeasurement of crypto assets separately from changes in the carrying amounts of other intangible assets in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company adopted ASU 2023-08 on January 1, 2025 and recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the amount of $ 89,428.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances annual income tax disclosure requirements intended to improve the transparency and usefulness of income tax information provided to investors and other financial statement users.

The amendments require:

The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 on January 1, 2025 on a prospective basis. The adoption did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, as the guidance relates only to disclosure requirements. The Company has included the additional required disclosures in Note 15 — Income Taxes.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, The FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220 – 04). This update requires an entity to disclose more detailed information regarding expenses for the entity. The amendments require that at each interim and the annual reporting period, the entity must disclose amounts related to purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil and gas- producing activities. Including the amounts, the entity is required to disclose and qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions, and to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and the definition of selling expenses. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods, and retrospectively to any prior periods presented in the financials. Although early adoption is permitted, the new guidance becomes effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Since this new ASU addresses only disclosures, the Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have any material effects on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 3 - Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, definite-lived intangible assets, and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, in accordance withASC 360 whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Such indicators include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets, adverse changes in the business climate, or a decision to dispose of or abandon an asset group.

For purposes of evaluating recoverability, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent (the “asset group”). The Company tests the recoverability of an asset group by comparing its carrying amount to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the asset group’s fair value.

Fair value is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the market and income approaches, as appropriate, and is based on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), including projected future cash flows, discount rates, and assumptions regarding future market conditions. The Company’s estimates of future cash flows are based on assumptions that are consistent with its internal forecasts and strategic plans.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company identified impairment indicators related to certain business units asset groups due to declines in revenues and/or changes in market conditions. As a result, the Company performed recoverability tests for these asset groups and determined that their carrying amounts were not recoverable.

Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $7.2 million (consisting of $2.7 million for the Z-Tech asset group and $4.5 million for the AEII asset group) during the year ended December 31, 2025, which is included in “Impairment of long-lived assets” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The impairment charge reduced the carrying value of the related asset groups to their estimated fair values. The impairment primarily related to:

The fair value of the impaired asset groups was determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model, which incorporated assumptions including projected revenue growth rates, operating margins, and discount rates.

As of December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of the Company’s long-lived assets was $6.95 million. Future changes in the Company’s estimates of cash flows, discount rates, or other assumptions may result in additional impairment charges in future periods.

Note 4 – Short-Term Investments

Short-term investments consist of the following:

Short-term investments include certificates of deposit and fixed rate deposits with original maturities of greater than three months but less than or equal to twelve months when purchased. Interest income on certificates of deposit and fixed rate deposits amounted to $296,514 and $2,642,760 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

On May 20, 2025, the Company purchased 10-year U.S. Treasury Notes bearing a fixed interest rate of 4.25%. These notes were sold on May 30, 2025 at a loss of $22,640. Interest income on these notes amounted to $29,675.

On December 30, 2025, the Company purchased a U.S. Treasury Bond (4.875% DTD 08/15/2025, due 08/15/2045) for $11,996,328. As of December 31, 2025, this investment had a fair value of $11,587,134, reflecting an unrealized loss of $409,194.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company entered into eight three-month equity linked notes which are investment products that provide for a coupon amount between 6.28% and 8.00% per annum and an ultimate return (or loss) tied to the performance of the underlying equities. The notes are callable by the issuer at the end of each month at which time no further coupon amounts shall be payable. Interest income on these notes for the year ended December 31, 2025 amounted to $519,857.

On March 11, 2025, the Company entered into a three-month exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) linked note which is an investment product that provides for a coupon amount of 0.75% per month (9% on an annualized basis) and an ultimate return (or loss) tied to the performance of the underlying ETF. The note is callable at the end of each month at which time no further coupon amounts shall be payable. Interest income on this note for the year ended December 31, 2025 amounted to $225,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company entered into two three-month FX linked notes, an investment product which provides for a fixed interest payment of 6% per annum on the notional amount with the ultimate return or loss linked to the change in the Japanese Yen/United States Dollar exchange rate. Interest income on these notes for the year ended December 31, 2025 amounted to $184,278.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company entered into nine three-month bond linked notes which are investment products that provide for a coupon amount between 6.11% and 9.18% per annum and an ultimate return (or loss) tied to the performance of the underlying bond. Interest income on these notes for the year ended December 31, 2025 amounted to $1,491,340.

Note 5 – Marketable Securities

On October 15, 2024, the Company purchased $5,011,913 in certain publicly listed marketable securities through an open market transaction. The investment was initially recorded at cost and subsequently measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded in other income (expenses), net in the consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded an increase (decrease) in fair value of $841,392 and ($536,116), respectively.

The following is a roll forward of the Company’s marketable securities balance during the year ended December 31, 2025:

Note 6 – Other Receivables

On August 25, 2025, AEII agreed in principle to negotiate and enter into a Project and Venue Operation & Management Agreement (the “COFCO Agreement”) with Hainan Tourism Investment Duty Free Co., Ltd. (“HTIDF”) and Bethune Capital Limited (collectively, the “Parties”) under which the Parties agreed to collaborate on the transformation of the COFCO Yalong Bay International Conference Center located in Sanya, Hainan, China into a comprehensive entertainment complex known as the Allied Esports Arena Asia (the “Project”). AEII made a $2.4 million deposit to participate in the COFCO Agreement, which was expected to grant the Company the right to use the facility and participate in the cash flows generated from the Project. On December 26, 2025, AEII and Bethune Capital Limited entered into a Termination and Refund Agreement under which the COFCO Agreement, which had not yet been signed by HTIDF, was terminated in its entirety and Bethune Capital Limited, the manager of the Project, agreed to refund the $2.4 million contribution made by AEII on or before June 30, 2026. As of May 12, 2026, $1.9 million of the refund has been received by the Company.

Note 7 – Deposits

Security deposits for operating leases in the aggregate amount of $389,706 are included in deposits, non-current portion, on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. See Note 17 – Commitments and Contingencies – Operating Leases for additional details related to the Company’s leases.

Note 8 – Land Use Rights, Net

On December 23, 2024, the Company entered into a contract with the Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Lingshui Li Autonomous County (“Assignor”) for the assignment of approximately 3.2 acres of land owned by The People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Under the terms of the contract, the Company paid a deposit of 16,230,000 RMB, or approximately $2.2 million (USD) on that date, with the remaining balance of 11,270,000 RMB, or approximately $1.7 million (USD) paid on April 22, 2025, when the land was delivered with all necessary pipelines laid in place. The Company is in the early stages of the design and construction of an esports and other entertainment venue on this land, which is located in Hainan, an island province in southern China. Land use rights are recognized at cost less accumulated amortization. According to the Chinese laws and regulations regarding land use rights, land is owned by the state. However, in accordance with the legal principle that land ownership is separate from the right to the use of the land, the government grants the user a “land use right” to use the land. The Company has the right to use the land for 40 years and amortizes the rights on a straight-line basis over that period.

The land use rights, net consisted of the following at:

Note 9 – Digital Assets

Effective January 1, 2025, the Company adopted ASU 2023-08, which requires entities to measure crypto assets at fair value with changes recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations each reporting period. The Company’s digital assets are within the scope of ASU 2023-08 and the transition guidance required a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption for any difference between the carrying amount of the Company’s digital assets and fair value. As a result of the Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-08, the Company recorded a $89,428 increase to digital assets and a $89,428 corresponding decrease to accumulated deficit on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Note 10 – Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment consist of the following:

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, depreciation and amortization expense amounted to $1,556,129, and $916,001, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded an impairment expense related to its property and equipment of $1,859,423. See Note 3, Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.

Note 11 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table sets forth changes in our goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Management reviewed goodwill for impairment in accordance with its accounting policies. As a result of this analysis, during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company determined that the fair value of a reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, resulting in the recognition of goodwill impairment charges of $0.67 million and $9.57 million, respectively. The reductions in fair value were primarily attributable to a decline in revenues from the prior year. It is reasonably possible that a decline in market or economic conditions, or changes in the estimates or underlying assumptions used in the determination of the reporting unit's fair value as of December 31, 2025, could lead to an additional impairment of goodwill in the near term.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following:

Intangible assets consist of the Allied Esports trademarks, which are being amortized over a useful life of 10 years, AGAE software licenses and software development costs, which are being amortized over a useful life of 5 years, and AME mobile games licenses and customer relationships, which are being amortized over a useful life of 5-10 years. The initial term of the software license agreement expires on February 27, 2028, but can be renewed by the Company for an additional 5-year term under identical terms and conditions. At December 31, 2024, the carrying value of the software license was fully impaired based on a reduction of management’s estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows to be generated by this asset, resulting from a delay in the implementation of a marketing plan to promote the games associated with this license. The mobile game license agreement, as amended on April 7, 2025 expires on July 31, 2028. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, amortization expense amounted to $630,800 and $669,280, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded animpairment expenseon its definite lived intangible assets of $2,815,859, see Note 3, Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The weighted average remaining amortization period at December 31, 2025 was 7.6 years.

Estimated future amortization is as follows:

Note 12 – Loans Receivable

On July 2, 2024, AME-HK loaned an unrelated third party 1.324 billion JPY, or approximately $8.8 million (USD) under a six-month loan contract (“Loan 1”). The loan is fully guaranteed by certain assets of an individual (“the Guarantor”) and bears interest at 5% per annum, payable at maturity. On February 25, 2025, the loan was amended to extend the maturity date to June 30, 2025. In connection with the amendment, all accrued interest through March 31, 2025 was paid by the borrower. In addition, the collateral for this loan was increased to include a guarantee by a company (“Additional Guarantor”) wholly owned by the Guarantor. The repayment of this loan was not received on June 30, 2025. On July 4, 2025, the borrower paid all accrued interest on the amended loan through June 30, 2025.

On August 14, 2024, AME-HK loaned an unrelated third party 736.9 million JPY, or $4.9 million (USD) under a six-month loan contract (“Loan 2”). The loan is fully guaranteed by the Guarantor’s assets and bears interest at 7.5% per annum, payable at maturity. On February 25, 2025, the loan was amended to extend the maturity date to December 31, 2025. In connection with the amendment, all accrued interest through the original maturity date was paid by the borrower.

On October 10, 2024, AME-HK entered into a $5.1 million (USD) facility loan agreement with an unrelated third party. The loan bears interest at 8% per annum, payable at maturity. Each drawdown under the facility is repayable 180 days from the date of disbursement, and interest is calculated separately for each drawdown. As of December 31, 2024, a total of $4.5 million (USD) (“Loan 3a”) had been disbursed under the facility. On April 15, 2025, the unrelated third party fully repaid principal and accrued interest of approximately $4.7 million (USD) on Loan 3a further described below. On February 24, 2025, March 4, 2025, and March 10, 2025, additional loans of $150 K (USD), $350 K (USD), and $100 K (USD) were made under the facility loan agreement (collectively, “Loan 3b”). On April 15, 2025, the maturity date of the loan was extended to September 30, 2025, as further described below.

On March 27 and March 28, 2025, two additional loans of 38 million JPY or $250 K (USD) and 30.5 million JPY or $200 K (USD), respectively (together “Loan 4”), were issued to the borrower of Loan 3a and 3b (the Facility Borrower). Both loans mature on September 30, 2025. The loans are fully guaranteed by the Guarantor’s assets and bear interest at 8% per annum, payable at maturity.

On April 15, 2025, AME-HK and the Facility Borrower entered into a supplementary agreement to the loan contract under which (a) AME-HK issued a new loan of $9.5 million (USD) (“Loan 5”) of which approximately $4.7 million was used by the borrower to repay the $4.5 million loan (“Loan 3a”) dated October 10 and 14, 2024 and to pay all accrued interest through April 15, 2025, totaling approximately $184,000. The remaining $4.8 million was fully disbursed to the Facility Borrower on April 30, 2025, and (b) the maturity date of all loans were extended to September 30, 2025. The repayment of this loan and interest thereon was not received on September 30, 2025.

On April 15, 2025, AME-HK and the Additional Guarantor entered into a mortgage agreement, pursuant to which the Additional Guarantor pledged an equity interest it holds as collateral for Loan 1, Loan 2, Loan 3b, Loan 4 and Loan 5.

The Company, based on ongoing conversations with the borrowers of the loans that are currently past due, has begun to prepare for the legal and other actions necessary to exercise its rights over the collateral provided by the Guarantor and the Additional Guarantor.

The following is a roll forward of the Company’s loans receivable balance during the year ended December 31, 2025:

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest income of $1,627,612 and $448,094 on these loans, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a CECL allowance on these loans of $2,601,155 based on the fair value of the collateral as of the balance sheet date.

Note 13 – Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

Note 14 – Loans Payable

AME-HK is party to a $35 million credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) provided by Morgan Stanley Bank Asia Limited in connection with the Company’s $40 million investment in 12-month certificates of deposit with the Bank. The credit facility includes term loans, bank overdrafts, margin loans and certain other borrowings.

On January 31, 2025, AME-HK borrowed 948.2 million JPY or approximately $6.2 million (USD) (“Loan C”) under the Credit Facility. This 12-month term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 0.92% per annum, which was paid along with the principal at maturity on January 30, 2026. The proceeds from this loan were used on the same day to refinance an existing loan of 948.2 million JPY or approximately $6.2 million (USD) (“Loan D”) under the Credit Facility that was originally due to mature on March 17, 2025.

On March 11, 2025, AME-HK borrowed an additional 334.9 million JPY or approximately $2.3 million (USD) (“Loan E”) under the Credit Facility. This 12-month term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 0.91% per annum, which was paid along with the principal at maturity on March 11, 2026.

On March 28, 2025, AME-HK borrowed an additional 1.63 billion JPY or approximately $10.9 million (USD) (“Loan F”) under the Credit Facility. This 12-month term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 0.93% per annum, which was paid along with the principal at maturity on March 30, 2026. A portion of proceeds from Loan F was used on the same day to refinance an existing loan of 837.5 million JPY or approximately $5.5 million (USD) (“Loan G”) under the Credit Facility that was originally due to mature on May 14, 2025.

On June 30, 2025, AME-HK borrowed an additional 1.60 billion JPY or approximately $11.1 million (USD) (“Loan H”) under the Credit Facility. This 3-month term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.36% per annum, payable at maturity on September 30, 2025. The loan was repaid on September 30, 2025.

On July 23, 2025, AME-HK borrowed an additional 680.8 million JPY or approximately $4.6 million (USD) (“Loan I”) under the Credit Facility. This 3-month term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.38% per annum, payable at maturity on October 23, 2025.

On September 30, 2025, AME-HK borrowed an additional 1.60 billion JPY or approximately $10.8 million (USD) (“Loan J”) under the Credit Facility. This 12-month term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.15% per annum, payable at maturity on September 30, 2026.

On October 23, 2025, AME-HK borrowed an additional 681 million JPY or approximately $4.5 million (USD) (“Loan K”) under the Credit Facility. This 12-month term loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.15% per annum, payable at maturity on October 23, 2026. The proceeds from Loan K were used on the same day to repay Loan I.

The following is a roll forward of the Company’s loans payable balance during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025:

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $287,271 and $68,341, respectively, on these loans.

Note 15 – Income Taxes

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the United States (federal, California, New Jersey and New York) and China.

The U.S. and foreign components of loss before income taxes were as follows:

The income tax provision (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 consists of the following:

The reconciliation, in percentage terms, of the expected tax expense (benefit) based on the U.S. federal statutory rates for 2025 and 2024, respectively, with the actual expense is as follows:

The reconciliation, in dollars, of the expected tax expense (benefit) based on the U.S. federal statutory rates for 2025 and 2024, respectively, with the actual expense is as follows:

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets are presented below:

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $103,138,529, $29,088,261 and $4,112,898 of federal, state and foreign net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards available to offset against future taxable income. The federal NOL may be carried forward indefinitely. For state tax purposes, these NOLs will begin to expire in 2038. The foreign NOLs related to Z-Tech will begin to expire in 2028. The federal and state NOL carryovers are subject to annual limitations under Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code when there is a greater than 50% ownership change, as determined under the regulations. The Company is not aware that any annual limitations have been triggered. The Company remains subject to the possibility that a future greater than 50% ownership change could trigger annual limitations on the usage of NOLs. For federal income tax purposes, the Company’s future utilization of its NOLs may be limited to 80% of taxable income as provided under Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

The Company assesses the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be realized. ASC 740, “Income Taxes” requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is “more likely than not” that all, or a portion of, deferred tax assets will not be realized. A review of all available positive and negative evidence needs to be considered, including the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. After consideration of all the information available, management believes that uncertainty exists with respect to future realization of its federal and state deferred tax assets and has, therefore, established a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. For the foreign deferred tax assets, management believes the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities will allow them to be a source of taxable income to realize the foreign deferred tax assets, as such no valuation allowance is established against the foreign deferred tax assets for Z-Tech. For AME-HK, the Company is in 3 year cumulative income, as such no valuation allowance is established against the foreign deferred tax assets for AME-HK.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state jurisdictions. In general, the Company’s tax returns remain subject to examination by various taxing authorities beginning with the tax year ended December 31, 2020. However, to the extent the Company has tax attribute carryforwards, the tax years in which the attribute was generated may still be adjusted upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service or state tax authorities. No tax audits were commenced or were in process during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company reviews its filing positions for all open tax years in all U.S. federal and state jurisdictions where the Company is required to file. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. To the extent a tax position does not meet a more-likely-than-not level of certainty, no benefit is recognized in the financial statements. If a position meets the more-likely-than-not level of certainty, it is recognized in the consolidated financial statements at the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company has not recognized any liability related to uncertain tax provisions as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in interest expense. The Company had no accrual for interest or penalties at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and has not recognized interest and/or penalties during the years then ended as there are no material unrecognized tax benefits. Management does not anticipate any material changes to the amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

Note 16 – Related Party Transactions

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, Z-Tech incurred royalty fees of $23,686 and $41,963, respectively, from Beijing Lianzhong Interactive Network Co., Ltd., an affiliate of Ourgame, under an intellectual property license agreement.

In December 2023, Skyline entered into a Project Cooperation Agreement with All in Asia, a 19% owner of Skyline, to secure venues, negotiate sponsorships, and to determine and prepay the performers for future concerts. Ourgame holds a 20% equity interest in All in Asia. The advanced payment of $3.7 million has been refunded back in April 2025.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $322,344 accounts payable due to Ourgame.

Note 17 – Commitments and Contingencies

Litigations, Claims, and Assessments

The Company is periodically involved in various disputes, claims, liens and litigation matters arising out of the normal course of business. Such litigation may have an adverse impact on the Company’s business and results of operations, may be costly to defend, or may cause disruptions to the Company’s operations.

Knighted Pastures, LLC

On March 7, 2024, Knighted Pastures, LLC (“Knighted”), an AGAE stockholder, filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Court”) against the Company (as a nominal defendant), the members of its Board of Directors, and certain additional defendants (the “Knighted Action”). The complaint alleged, among other things, that the members of the Company’s Board of Directors breached their fiduciary duty in connection with (1) the approval of a Share Purchase Agreement that AGAE entered into on or around December 28, 2023, (2) the approval and adoption of certain amendments to AGAE’s Bylaws on or around January 5, 2024, and (3) the approval and adoption of a rights agreement on or around February 9, 2024. The Knighted Action sought both injunctive reliefs and money damages.

On June 20, 2024, following expedited discovery and entry of resolutions by the Board of Directors addressing issues raised by the Knighted Action, the Court entered an Order granting in part the Company and Board of Directors’ motion to dismiss the Knighted Action as moot. The Court therefore cancelled the trial in the Knighted Action. The Court ordered the parties to submit further filings on Knighted’s claim for attorneys’ fees and costs and any other issues required to bring the Knighted Action to a final conclusion. On August 2, 2024, Knighted filed a motion for an attorney’s fee award based on the purported corporate benefit its case provided to the Company and its other shareholders.

On August 28, 2024, the Court granted Knighted an attorney’s fee award of $3.0 million which was paid on September 11, 2024. On October 4, 2024 and October 30, 2024, the Company received reimbursements of $0.6 million and $3.1 million, respectively, from its directors’ and officers’ insurance carrier representing the attorney fee award and its defense costs in excess of the policy’s retention amount. On October 10, 2024, the Court issued an order closing the case.

On November 12, 2024, Knighted filed a complaint in the Court against the Company, the members of the Board of Directors, and certain additional defendants (the “Second Knighted Action”). Knighted filed the Second Knighted Action alleging breach of fiduciary duty in connection with approving the recent strategic investment with Yellow River Capital group (“Yellow River”) and the Securities Purchase Agreement with Blue Planet New Energy Technology Ltd, an affiliate of Yellow River. The Second Knighted Action seeks both injunctive relief and money damages. The Company believes the claims in the Second Knighted Action lack merit and intends to defend against them vigorously.

On April 25, 2025, the Board of Directors approved resolutions addressing issues raised by the Second Knighted Action. On that date, the Company and the director defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint as moot, or in the alternative stay the action pending the outcome of the Company’s combined 2024/2025 annual meeting of stockholders. On April 29, 2025, the Court granted the motion with modifications, continued the trial without rescheduling any date, and staying the case pending the outcome of the combined 2024/2025 annual meeting of stockholders. On May 22, 2025, the Court entered an order staying the case and preserving the status quo pending the outcome of the combined 2024/2025 annual meeting of stockholders.

On October 24, 2025, Knighted filed a motion seeking its fees and costs in the amount of approximately $5.9 million. On March 10, 2026, the Court issued an order granting Knighted’s motion for an award of such fees and expenses, which has been accrued for on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025. See Note 20, Subsequent events.

Frank Ng

On October 4, 2023, Frank Ng, the former Chief Executive Officer of the Company, filed an arbitration demand with the American Arbitration Association alleging that the Company failed to make approximately $1.0 million in payments allegedly due under certain Restricted Stock Unit and separation agreements. Due to nonpayment of arbitration fees, the arbitration was held in abeyance in December 2025.

Thereafter, Frank Ng filed a complaint in the Superior Court of California, County of Orange, asserting arbitration-related and breach of contract claims arising from the same underlying dispute. The Company filed a motion to compel arbitration, which is scheduled to be heard on June 12, 2026. The matter remains pending.

Since the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the amount of the loss, or range of loss, related to the Frank Ng matter, no accrual for this contingency has been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Timothy G. Schuebel

On September 25, 2024, Timothy G. Schuebel, an AIFA stockholder, filed a complaint captionedTimothy G. Schubel v. Allied Gaming & Entertainment, Inc. et al., C.A. No. 2024-0996-JTL, seeking to represent a class of AIFA stockholders and alleging that the Shareholder Rights Plan of the Company, dated February 9, 2024 (the “Rights Plan”), contained provision(s) that were contrary to Delaware law. The Company’s board of directors evaluated the claims related to the Rights Plan, and the Company and its board of directors’ legal rights. On May 30, 2025, the Board approved an amendment to certain provisions in the Rights Plan governing liabilities and fiduciary duties of directors under applicable Delaware law.

On September 8, 2025, the Court entered into an order closing the Action. The Company agreed to pay $85,000 in attorneys’ fees and reimbursement of expenses to resolve the matter which was paid by the Company on September 16, 2025.

Operating Leases

Allied Esports leases an arena in Las Vegas, Nevada, for the purpose of hosting Esports activities (the “Las Vegas Lease”). The arena opened to the public on March 23, 2018 (the “Commencement Date”). Initial lease terms were for minimum monthly payments of $125,000 for 60 months from the Commencement Date with an option to extend for an additional 60 months at $137,500 per month. Additional annual tenant obligations were estimated at $2 per square foot for Allied’s portion of real estate taxes and $5 per square foot for common area maintenance costs. The original right-of-use asset and operating lease liability balance included the impact of the five -year renewal option that the Company was reasonably certain to exercise. The Las Vegas Lease expired on May 31, 2023 but was extended until July 31, 2023. Effective August 1, 2023, the Las Vegas Lease was extended until May 31, 2028 for minimum monthly payments of $137,500 for 58 months in addition to fixed monthly tenant obligations for real estate tax of $5,000.

On July 17, 2023, the Company leased 5,067 square feet of building space in Las Vegas, Nevada, through an operating lease for the purpose of storage of the mobile esports truck. The lease term is for 36 months and ends on July 31, 2026. The monthly base rent ranges from $4,560 to $5,028.

The Company leases office space in Beijing, China under a non-cancelable operating lease dated April 1, 2023 that expires on June 30, 2027. The lease provides for a monthly base rent of 50,000 RMB or approximately $6,900, payable quarterly. Effective April 1, 2024, the Beijing lease was amended to provide for a monthly base rent of 63,000 RMB or approximately $8,800 payable quarterly. During 2025, the lease was twice amended to reduce the monthly base rent to 25,000 RMB or approximately $3,700 for the six -month period ended June 30, 2025, and 20,000 RMB or approximately $2,900 for the six -month period ended December 31, 2025.

On December 2, 2025, ACD entered into a three -year non-cancelable operating lease for approximately 32 acres of land in Hainan, China. The lease provides for fixed annual rental payments of 233,376 RMB, or approximately $32,600 USD, over the three -year term of the lease, payable monthly.

The Company’s aggregate rent expense incurred during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 amounted to $1,734,337 and $1,813,603 , respectively, of which $1,398,420 and $1,398,420, respectively, is included within in-person costs and $335,917 and $415,183, respectively, is included in general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of the Company’s right-of-use assets and liabilities is as follows:

A summary of the Company’s remaining operating lease liabilities is as follows:

Investment Agreement

On January 14, 2020, the Company sold 758,725 shares of its common stock to BPR Cumulus LLC, an affiliate of Brookfield Property Partners (“Brookfield”) for $5,000,000 (the “Purchase Price”) pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Brookfield Agreement”). Under the terms of the Brookfield Agreement, the Purchase Price was placed into escrow to be used by the Company or its subsidiaries to develop integrated esports experience venues at mutually agreed upon shopping malls owned and/or operated by Brookfield or any of its affiliates that will include a dedicated gaming space and production capabilities to attract esports and other emerging live events (each, an “Esports Venue”).

To that end, half of the Purchase Price would be released from escrow to the Company upon the execution of a written lease agreement between Brookfield and the Company for the first Esports Venue, and the other half would be released to the Company upon the execution of a written lease agreement between Brookfield and the Company for the second Esports Venue.

On September 16, 2024, the Company and Brookfield entered into a Settlement Agreement and Release (the “Settlement Agreement”) to resolve and terminate all obligations under the Brookfield Agreement. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the entire Purchase Price was released from escrow of which $3,000,000 was paid to Brookfield and $2,000,000 was paid to the Company. The parties further agreed to release and discharge each other from any and all present and future obligations under the Brookfield Agreement. The $3,000,000 payment to Brookfield is included in other income (expense) on the 2024 consolidated statement of operations.

Land Use Rights

In connection with a contract entered into with the Assignor on December 23, 2024, the Company is required to invest no less than RMB 58,890,000, approximately $8.1 million (USD) in the development of the land. See Note 8 – Land Use Rights, net for further discussion.

Note 18 – Stockholders’ Equity

Authorized Shares

The Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 and 1,000,000 shares of common stock and preferred stock, respectively.

Equity Incentive Plan

On December 30, 2021, the stockholders approved an amendment to the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized under the Plan from 3,463,305 shares to 3,763,305 shares. As of December 31, 2025, there were 558,616 shares available under the plan.

Rights Agreement

On February 9, 2024, the Company entered into a rights agreement with Continental Stock Transfer & Trust, as rights agent (the “Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which the Board declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (the “Right” or collectively the “Rights”) for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock (each, a “Common Share” and, collectively, the “Common Shares”). The Rights were distributed to the stockholders of record at the start of business on that date (the “Record Date”). Each Right provides the registered holder, under certain circumstances and if the Rights become exercisable, the right to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of a newly designated Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Shares”) at an exercise price of $7.00 per one one-thousandth of a Series A Preferred Share. The Common Shares become exercisable following the earlier of (i) the tenth business day after public notice of a person who is or becomes the beneficial owner of ten percent or more of the common stock outstanding (“Acquiring Person”) that an Acquiring Person has become such or (ii) the tenth business day after the date that a tender or exchange offer by any person is first published or sent within the meaning of Rule 14d-2(a) of the applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act, the consummation of which would result in any person becoming an Acquiring Persson (the earlier of these dates is called the “Distribution Date”).

On that date, the Board also authorized the issuance of one Right with respect to each additional Common Share that becomes outstanding after the Record Date, but before the Distribution Date and, in certain limited circumstances, after the Distribution Date.

The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including dividend, voting or liquidation rights.

At any time until the earlier of (a) a person becomes an Acquiring Person (as defined in the Rights Agreement) and (b) the final expiration date (as defined in the Rights Agreement), the Board may, at its option and in its sole discretion, direct the Company to redeem the Rights in whole but not in part, at a price of $0.0001 per Right (the “Redemption Price”).

Share Purchase Agreement

On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Elite Fun Entertainment Co., Ltd. (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Purchaser agreed to purchase 7,330,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a purchase price of $0.90 per share (the “Purchased Shares”) for a total purchase price of $6,597,000.

The Purchase Agreement is subject to customary representations, warranties, covenants and conditions, including an agreement that the Company and Purchaser will each use its best efforts to negotiate and finalize a collaboration or partnership agreement under which the Purchaser will assist the Company with organizing live shows and events in Asia.

On March 7, 2024, the Company closed on the share purchase agreement and received $2 million of the total purchase price for the Purchased Shares and the Purchaser agreed to pay the remaining consideration of $4.597 million within 2 months of the closing along with interest thereon at a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. The remaining consideration is collateralized by a pledge and first priority lien and security interest in 5,107,778 shares issued by the Company to the Purchaser.

On June 15, 2024, the Company and the Purchaser entered into a termination agreement pursuant to which each party agreed to terminate the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the termination agreement, the Company agreed to pay the Purchaser $2,000,000 in cash and to forgive the Purchaser’s obligation to pay the remaining purchase price for the shares of $4,597,000, in exchange for the Purchaser transferring back to the Company all of the shares of common stock previously issued. All obligations under the termination agreement were satisfied as of July 3, 2024.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On October 18, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with Blue Planet New Energy Technology Limited (“Blue Planet”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue, and Blue Planet agreed to purchase, (i)6,000,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a purchase price of $1.10 per share for a total purchase price of $6,600,000 and (ii) a corresponding warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase up to 6,000,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $1.80 per share, which represents a 50% premium to the closing sales price of the common stock on October 17, 2024 (the “Warrant Shares” and together with the Purchased Shares and the Warrant, the “Registrable Securities”) (such transaction, the “Transaction”). The Warrant expires five years from the date of issuance. The Company determined that the warrant should be equity-classified, primarily because it is indexed to the Company’s own stock and it met the requirements for equity classification. Accordingly, because both the common stock and the warrant are equity-classified, it wasn’t necessary to allocate the proceeds or the issuance costs to the respective securities. The Securities Purchase Agreement is subject to customary representations, warranties, covenants and conditions. In addition, Blue Planet is subject to a 6-month lock-up period commencing from the date of closing. Total issuance costs were $247,732 including $198,000 in advisory fees and $49,732 in legal fees.

The Securities Purchase Agreement does not contain any voting commitment, and Blue Planet may vote its shares of common stock in its discretion for any matter requiring a vote of the Company’s stockholders. The Warrant may not be exercised if Blue Planet, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 19.99% of the number of shares of the common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise, unless the Company obtains shareholder approval pursuant to applicable NASDAQ rules. Finally, the Company agreed to register the resale of Registrable Securities pursuant to a registration statement to be filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On April 25, 2025, the Company and Blue Planet entered into a termination agreement pursuant to which each party agreed to terminate the Securities Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the termination agreement, the Company agreed to refund the $6,600,000 and in exchange Blue Planet will transfer back to the Company all of the shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock.

Preferred Stock

In connection with the Rights Agreement (see Rights Agreement above) on February 9, 2024, the Board of Directors designated 50,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), as “Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock” (the “Series A Preferred Stock”).

The holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when and if, declared by the Board of Directors quarterly dividends payable on the last day of March, June, September, and December in each year (“Quarterly Dividend Payment Date”), in an amount per share equal to 1,000 times the aggregate per share amount of all cash dividends, and 1,000 times the aggregate per share amount of all non-cash dividends or other distributions, other than a dividend payable in shares of common stock. In the event the Company declares or pays any dividend in shares of common stock, or effect a subdivision or combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of common stock into a greater or lesser number of shares of common stock, then in each such case the amount to which holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock were entitled immediately prior to such event shall be adjusted.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder to 1,000 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation. The Series A Preferred Stock shall rank, with respect to dividends and upon liquidation, dissolution and winding up, junior to all other series of Preferred Stock.

Treasury Stock

On November 21, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $10 million of its outstanding shares of common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company repurchased 0 and 514 shares, respectively, at a cost of $0 and $422, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $7.3 million remains available to repurchase common stock under this program.

Stock Options

A summary of the option activity during the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:

Options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:

There were no new options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The expected term used for options is the estimated period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” option grants. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time, equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $23,506 and $54,493, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options. As of December 31, 2025, there was $0 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the stock options.

Restricted Common Stock

On February 22, 2024, the Company awarded, in aggregate,1,460,000 shares of common stock (the “Restricted Shares”), with an aggregate grant date value of $1,518,000, to its directors and certain executive officers which are subject to certain transfer and other restrictions set forth in the grant agreement signed by each recipient under the Equity Incentive Plan. The Restricted Shares vest in four equal installments as follows: twenty-five (25%) on the date of grant and 25% in three (3) successive installments upon the completion of each six (6) month period of service over an eighteen (18) month period measured from the date of grant. The transfer restrictions include a lock-up agreement under which, among other things, each recipient agreed not to sell, pledge, or otherwise dispose of the shares for a three-year period commencing on the date of the grant.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $473,216 and $1,044,784, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock. As of December 31, 2025, there was $0 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the restricted stock award.

Warrants

On October 18, 2024, in connection with the Purchase Agreement with Blue Planet, the Company issued warrants to purchase 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock, with an exercise price of $1.80 per share. The warrants expire five years from the date of issuance. See Securities Purchase Agreement above.

A summary of the warrant activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 is presented below:

See Securities Purchase Agreement above for 2025 cancellation of a substantial portion of the outstanding warrants.

Note 19 – Segment Data

Each of the Company’s business segments offer different, but synergistic products and services. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The chief operating decision makers (“CODM”) are our Chief Executive Officer and our President and Chairman of the Board. The CODMs assess performance for the segments and decide how to allocate resources based on segment profit or loss. The Company does not have any intra-entity sales or transfers. Further, unallocated corporate assets not directly attributable to any one of the business segments and unallocated corporate operating losses resulting from general corporate overhead expenses not directly attributable to any one of the business segments are reported separate from the Company’s identified segments and included under Corporate in the tables presented below.

The Company’s business consists of three reportable business segments:

The Company’s significant segment expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

The Company’s significant segment assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

The Company’s disaggregated assets by geographic location are as follows:

The Company’s disaggregated revenues by geographic location are as follows:

Note 20 – Subsequent Events

On April 10, 2026, the Company and Yangyang Li, its Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, in his personal capacity entered into a binding Term Sheet for Global Resolution (the “Term Sheet”) with Knighted and Roy Choi, the founder and managing partner of Knighted, in his personal capacity. The Term Sheet summarizes the principal terms of the global resolution between the parties regarding (i) the action initiated by Knighted against the Company and its directors in the Delaware Court of Chancery on November 12, 2024,Knighted Pastures, LLC v. Yangyang Li, et. al, C.A. No. 2024-1158-JTL (the “Delaware Litigation”), and (ii) the action initiated by the Company against Knighted and other defendants in the United States District Court for the Central District of California on June 11, 2025,Allied Gaming & Entertainment, Inc. v. Knighted Pastures, LLC, 2:25-CV-05312 (C.D. Cal.).

Pursuant to the Term Sheet, the Company agreed to pay Knighted’s fees and expenses in the Delaware Litigation totaling $5,936,738 (the “Fee Award”) as previously ordered by the Delaware Court of Chancery on March 10, 2026, according to the following payment schedule: (i) $1,000,000 due on May 7, 2026, (ii) $2,000,000 due on June 30, 2026, and (iii) $2,936,738 due on July 31, 2026. Interest will accrue monthly on the outstanding balance of the Fee Award beginning on April 8, 2026 at a rate of 8.75% per annum. If any payment is not made in full by the applicable due date, additional interest will accrue on the full outstanding amount at a rate of 10% per annum, compounded daily until such payment is made.

In connection with the execution of the Term Sheet, the Company and Mr. Li, as guarantors, entered into a Guaranty, dated as of April 10, 2026, pursuant to which the Company and Mr. Li jointly and severally guaranteed the payment of the Fee Award, together with all accrued interest thereon. The Term Sheet also provides that, within five business days of the effective date of the Term Sheet, the Company will file a Notice of Dismissal With Prejudice of the Federal Litigation. The parties further agreed that neither party will file any fee application in the Federal Litigation or pursue any appeal related to either the Federal Litigation or the Delaware Litigation.