Sono Group N.V.

Sono Group N.V. (“Sono N.V.”) is a public company with limited liability (naamloze vennootschap) incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands. The Company is registered in the business register at the Netherlands Chamber of Commerce (trade register number: 80683568).

In November 2021, the Company completed its initial public offering, and its ordinary shares commenced trading on The Nasdaq Global Market on November 17, 2021 under the ticker symbol “SEV”. On February 15, 2024, Nasdaq filed a Form 25 Notification of Delisting with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to complete the delisting of the Company’s ordinary shares from Nasdaq. On July 2, 2024, the quoting of the Company’s ordinary shares commenced on OTCQB under the ticker symbol “SEVCF”. On September 4, 2025, the Company received approval to list its ordinary shares on Nasdaq, and the ordinary shares commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “SSM” on September 5, 2025.

The business address of Sono N.V. as of the date of this Quarterly Report is 4965 Trinidad Drive, Land O’ Lakes, FL 34639, United States of America. As of March 31, 2026, Sono N.V.’s wholly-owned subsidiaries were (i) Sono Motors GmbH, a German limited liability company (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung) (the “Subsidiary”), registered in the commercial register (Handelsregister) at the local court (Amtsgericht) of Munich, Germany, under HRB 224131, with registered headquarters at Waldmeisterstraße 93, 80935 Munich, Germany, and (ii) Sono Group S.à r.l., a private limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) incorporated under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, having its registered office at 8 Avenue de la Gare, L-1610 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which was funded with €12,000 for purposes of providing share capital and had no operations during the three months ended March 31, 2026. As of March 31, 2026, Sono N.V. was the ultimate parent of the Subsidiary and Sono Group S.à r.l. Subsequent to March 31, 2026, Sono N.V. sold the Subsidiary pursuant to a Share Purchase and Transfer Agreement, dated May 4, 2026 (the “SPA”), as a result of which Sono N.V. ceased to be the ultimate parent of the Subsidiary on May 4, 2026. Hereinafter, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “Sono Group”, “Sono”, “the Company”, “we”, “our”, “us” or similar terms, refer to Sono N.V. together with its consolidated subsidiaries as of March 31, 2026.

Sono Group historically intended to develop and manufacture electric vehicles with integrated solar panels (the “Sion passenger car program”) and to license its solar technology to other Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”). On February 24, 2023, the Company announced the decision to terminate the Sion passenger car program and to pivot the business model to exclusively retrofitting and integrating Sono Group’s solar technology onto third party vehicles due to lack of available funding. As a consequence, management determined to apply for the opening of self-administration proceedings with respect to Sono N.V. and the Subsidiary (the “Self-Administration Proceedings”) on May 15, 2023. The Subsidiary withdrew its application for Preliminary Self-Administration Proceedings on January 31, 2024, and the Subsidiary exited its Self-Administration Proceedings on February 29, 2024. The Company reconsolidated the Subsidiary effective March 1, 2024 following its exit from the Self-Administration Proceedings.

On March 14, 2026, the Company’s supervisory board resolved to terminate all current and future funding commitments to the Subsidiary and to exit the legacy solar operations conducted through the Subsidiary, with immediate effect. On the same date, the Company’s management board, with the approval of the supervisory board, adopted a digital asset treasury strategy (the “Treasury Strategy”). Under the Treasury Strategy, the principal holding in the Company’s treasury reserve on its balance sheet is allocated to digital assets, principally Bitcoin(“Bitcoin” or “BTC”), by applying a covered-call yield strategy. In connection with the Treasury Strategy, on March 10, 2026, the Company entered into a 2002 ISDA Master Agreement, a related Schedule and a Credit Support Annex with Blockchain.com (BVI) II Limited (“Blockchain.com”), facilitating the Company to enter into derivative and/or hedging transactions to manage the risk associated with the Treasury Strategy.

As of March 31, 2026, management concluded that the Subsidiary met the criteria to be classified as held for sale and that the planned disposition (which was completed subsequent to quarter end on May 4, 2026, as further described under Note 16 (Subsequent Events)) represents a strategic shift that has had, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Subsidiary have been presented as discontinued operations, and the related assets and liabilities have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations classified as held for sale, for all periods presented. Subsequent to March 31, 2026, on May 4, 2026, the Company sold and transferred 100% of the outstanding share capital of the Subsidiary to third-party purchasers. See Note 3 (Liquidity and Going Concern Analysis), Note 4 (Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale), Note 5 (Digital Assets), Note 6 (Written Covered Bitcoin Call Options), Note 8 (Convertible Notes, Embedded Derivatives and Pre-Funded Warrants) and Note 16 (Subsequent Events) for additional information.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

On a consolidated basis, the Company’s operations during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and the three months ended March 31, 2025 are comprised of the parent company, Sono N.V., and the Subsidiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain amounts in the prior period unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, including the presentation of the Subsidiary as a discontinued operation. In addition, effective January 1, 2026, the Company changed its reporting currency from the euro to the U.S. dollar, and all prior-period financial information presented in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements has been recast into U.S. dollars as if the U.S. dollar had been the Company’s reporting currency since the earliest period presented. See Note 2 (Basis of Presentation, Consolidation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) for additional information regarding the change in reporting currency.

2. Basis of Presentation, Consolidation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the presentation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows:

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and the rules and regulations of the SEC applicable to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation, consisting of normal recurring adjustments and the non-recurring classification, reporting-currency, fair-value, discontinued-operations and financing-related adjustments described in these notes. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of results for the full fiscal year.

Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current-period presentation. These reclassifications did not affect total assets, total liabilities, shareholders’ equity, net income (loss) or net decrease in cash and cash equivalents.

Reporting currency and functional currency

Effective January 1, 2026, the Company changed its reporting currency from the euro to the U.S. dollar. Management made the change to better align the Company’s financial reporting with its U.S.-dollar denominated financing activities, U.S. capital-markets reporting environment, and the Treasury Strategy following the Company’s strategic transition. The Company has recast all prior-period financial information presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements into U.S. dollars as if the U.S. dollar had been the Company’s reporting currency since the earliest period presented. The change in reporting currency does not by itself change the underlying functional-currency determination for each distinct and separable operation.

Effective January 1, 2026, Sono Group N.V. determined that its functional currency is the U.S. dollar. As of March 31, 2026, the Subsidiary continues to have the euro as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of euro-functional operations are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, and revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at transaction-date rates or appropriate weighted-average exchange rates. Translation effects are recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders’ equity.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Significant estimates include going concern, held-for-sale and discontinued-operations classification and measurement, fair value measurements of digital assets and derivative liabilities, valuation of convertible notes and related debt discount, lease accounting assumptions, and income tax valuation allowances.

Digital assets and derivative instruments

Digital assets consisting principally of Bitcoin are accounted for under ASC 350-60. The Company’s Bitcoin holdings are initially recognized at cost and subsequently measured at fair value in accordance with ASC 820, with changes in fair value recognized in net income each reporting period. Digital assets are presented as a separate line item in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not present digital asset fair-value changes, realized digital asset gains or losses, written-call premiums, derivative settlements or related execution fees as revenue from contracts with customers because such activities do not arise from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606.

Written covered Bitcoin call options are accounted for as freestanding derivative liabilities under ASC 815 unless a specific scope exception applies. Premiums received are consideration for assuming a derivative obligation and are not recorded as revenue. Written-call liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and remeasured at fair value each reporting period, with changes recognized in earnings unless hedge accounting is formally designated and documented. The Company has not designated hedge accounting for the arrangements reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements. The related economics are presented as digital asset treasury income or loss rather than revenue from contracts with customers.

Convertible debt, warrants and fair value measurements

The Company accounts for convertible debentures by recognizing the debt host net of unamortized debt discount and separately recognizing embedded conversion features that require bifurcation as derivative liabilities. Embedded conversion derivative liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the expected term of the convertible debentures.

The Company classifies pre-funded warrants in additional paid-in capital when the instruments meet the applicable equity-classification criteria. Cash proceeds from convertible debentures and pre-funded warrants are presented as financing cash inflows in the statement of cash flows, and equity-classified pre-funded warrant amounts are presented within shareholders’ equity.

Fair value measurements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of inputs. Bitcoin is measured using the BTC-USD spot price observed at 23:59:59 UTC on the reporting date from the market in which the Company transacts through Blockchain.com and is classified within Level 1. Written covered Bitcoin call options and embedded conversion derivative liabilities are classified within Level 3 when valuation uses significant unobservable inputs, including volatility, term, conversion or settlement assumptions, and probability-weighted outcomes.

Credit risk and concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, digital assets, collateral arrangements and contractual rights arising from digital asset derivative activity. The Company maintains cash with financial institutions, holds Bitcoin and related rights through digital asset counterparties and custodial arrangements, and monitors counterparty and concentration risk; however, balances may exceed insured or protected limits and are subject to market, custody, liquidity and counterparty risks.

Leases

The Company accounts for leases under ASC 842, Leases. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Because the Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for leases with terms of twelve months or less. As of March 31, 2026, the Company’s lease balances, including right-of-use assets, relate to the Subsidiary and are included in discontinued operations and the disposal group classified as held for sale.

Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2025, the Company adopted ASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets. The guidance requires in-scope crypto assets to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income each reporting period, and requires separate presentation and disclosure of crypto assets. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption because the Company did not hold material crypto assets at the adoption date. The guidance is applicable to the Company’s Bitcoin holdings acquired in connection with the Company’s digital asset treasury strategy (the “Treasury Strategy”).

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The guidance requires additional note disclosures about specified categories of expenses included in certain expense captions. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of the guidance on its disclosures.

The Company has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not expect them to have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

3. Liquidity and Going Concern Analysis

The Company is required to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern each reporting period, including interim periods. In evaluating the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, management considered the conditions and events that could raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within twelve months after the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, in accordance with ASC 205-40. Management considered the Company’s current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, forecasted future cash flows, and the Company’s obligations due within twelve months after the issuance date of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $237 thousand, an accumulated deficit of $335.4 million, $4,709 thousand of Bitcoin measured at fair value, $4,350 thousand of convertible debenture principal outstanding, $1,129 thousand of convertible notes payable, net of discount, and $3,708 thousand of embedded conversion derivative liabilities. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized a loss from operations of $1,480 thousand and a net loss of $2,015 thousand. The Company has incurred recurring operating losses and historically negative cash flows from operations since inception, primarily attributable to the Subsidiary. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, management completed financing transactions and strategic actions related to the Company’s transition to the Treasury Strategy and its exit from legacy solar operations. The Company raised aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $6.4 million through the issuance of three secured convertible debentures to Yorkville on January 26, 2026, February 19, 2026 and March 10, 2026, respectively, in the aggregate principal amount of $4.35 million (the “Q1 2026 Debentures”) and the issuance to Yorkville on March 10, 2026 of a pre-funded warrant for aggregate proceeds of $2.0 million. A substantial portion of these proceeds was used to implement the Treasury Strategy, including the acquisition of Bitcoin and the establishment of the Company’s institutional framework with Blockchain.com under the ISDA Master Agreement and the related Schedule and Credit Support Annex. Management also terminated all current and future funding commitments to the Subsidiary and initiated the Company’s exit from the legacy solar operations conducted through the Subsidiary, which is expected to materially reduce the Company’s ongoing cash outflows. In addition, as further described under Note 16 (Subsequent Events), subsequent to March 31, 2026, the Company completed its exit from the legacy solar operations through the execution and consummation of the SPA pursuant to which the Subsidiary was sold on May 4, 2026, and received an additional tranche of funding from Yorkville in the form of a convertible debenture issued by the Company to Yorkville in the aggregate principal amount of $700 thousand. These actions are relevant to management’s liquidity plans but did not alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management considered the financing transactions, implementation of the Treasury Strategy and exit from legacy solar operations in its liquidity analysis. Although these actions may reduce certain cash outflows and provide additional potential liquidity sources, the Company continues to depend on monetization of digital asset holdings, performance of the Treasury Strategy and availability of external financing, and management did not conclude that substantial doubt was alleviated.

The Company’s ability to maintain adequate liquidity remains subject to significant uncertainties, including the price volatility and liquidity characteristics of digital assets, the terms and potential collateral requirements of transactions entered into in connection with the Treasury Strategy pursuant to the Credit Support Annex described in Note 5 (Digital Assets) and Note 6 (Written Covered Bitcoin Call Options), and the maturities of the convertible debentures issued during the three months ended March 31, 2026, which mature in 2027 and may require refinancing or conversion prior to or at maturity. Based upon this uncertainty, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt that the Company will continue as a going concern. See Note 16 (Subsequent Events) for additional information regarding subsequent events relevant to the matters described above.

4. Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

On March 14, 2026, the Company’s supervisory board resolved to terminate all current and future funding commitments to the Subsidiary and to exit the legacy solar operations conducted through the Subsidiary with immediate effect. The Company was in negotiations to sell the Subsidiary before March 31, 2026, and subsequent to March 31, 2026 executed a share purchase agreement to sell the Subsidiary. Management concluded that the Subsidiary met the criteria to be classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2026 and that the planned disposition (which was completed subsequent to quarter end on May 4, 2026, as further described under Note 16 (Subsequent Events)) represents a strategic shift that has had, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

Management’s held-for-sale conclusion was based on the approval of a plan to sell the Subsidiary, management’s commitment to the plan, active negotiations with a buyer, the availability of the disposal group for immediate sale in its then-present condition subject only to customary closing conditions, the expectation that the sale would be completed within one year, and the determination that actions required to complete the plan indicated it was unlikely that significant changes would be made or that the plan would be withdrawn.

The disposal group was measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Based on the planned sale and nominal consideration subsequently documented in the executed SPA, management recognized a $519 thousand loss on classification as held for sale within discontinued operations, net of tax, during the three months ended March 31, 2026. The shareholder loan receivable from the Subsidiary and corresponding payable of the Subsidiary were intra-entity balances and were eliminated in consolidation while the Subsidiary remained consolidated; accordingly, the shareholder loan was not included as a separate consolidated held-for-sale asset or impairment charge. See Note 16 (Subsequent Events) for the SPA terms governing the post-quarter assignment of the shareholder loan claim.

The results of operations of the Subsidiary have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The related assets and liabilities have been presented separately as held for sale in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Parent-company public-company costs, SEC reporting costs, financing costs, digital-asset treasury costs and general holding-company overhead remain in continuing operations unless directly attributable to the discontinued component. The discontinued operation was reported within the Company’s single reportable segment.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, certain lease-related amounts recorded by Sono N.V., including approximately $0.9 million of right-of-use assets at March 31, 2026, relate to lease arrangements associated with the Subsidiary and the legacy solar business. Because the right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities are attributable to the discontinued component, the amounts are included in discontinued operations and in the disposal group classified as held for sale.

Upon the May 4, 2026 sale of the Subsidiary and loss of control of the Subsidiary, the Company will deconsolidate the Subsidiary and recognize any resulting gain or loss within discontinued operations in the second quarter of 2026.

5. Digital Assets

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company acquired Bitcoin as part of the Treasury Strategy. The Company’s digital asset holdings consist of Bitcoin and are presented separately on the face of the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 2 (Basis of Presentation, Consolidation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) for the Company’s accounting policies for crypto assets, written covered Bitcoin call options and digital asset treasury income (loss), net, and Note 7 (Fair Value Measurements) for the related fair value measurement disclosures.

The Company’s Bitcoin holdings expose the Company to concentration risk in a single digital asset and to market, custody, counterparty, regulatory, execution and liquidity risks. The fair value of Bitcoin may change materially over short periods, and changes in fair value are recognized in earnings each reporting period. Bitcoin holdings may also be affected by written-call option arrangements, collateral requirements, settlement mechanics and restrictions or practical limitations associated with custody or monetization.

BTC units in the table are rounded to the nearest hundredth for presentation. The unit rollforward and ending fair value are calculated using unrounded BTC units from the Company’s Bitcoin treasury valuation support; therefore, rounded displayed unit amounts may not recompute exactly. The settled BTC premium line represents BTC premiums received on written covered calls that expired out of the money before quarter-end.

The digital asset rollforward reflects activity through March 31, 2026 only. The April 3, 2026 Blockchain.com activity report includes post-quarter activity and therefore does not represent the March 31, 2026 BTC-unit balance. The March 31, 2026 balance includes the original 68.49313568 BTC collateral deposit plus 0.51462318 BTC of premiums from written covered Bitcoin calls that expired out of the money by quarter-end.

6. Written Covered Bitcoin Call Options

The Company writes covered Bitcoin call options and receives option premiums. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company received 0.51462318 BTC of premiums on written covered Bitcoin call options that expired out of the money before quarter-end. Written call options are derivative liabilities while outstanding. Premiums received are not revenue from contracts with customers and are recognized through derivative fair-value remeasurement, expiration, close-out or settlement. The written-call strategy may generate premium income but may also limit the Company’s participation in increases in Bitcoin prices and expose the Company to derivative valuation, collateral, counterparty, settlement and liquidity risks.

At March 31, 2026, the Company recognized a $21 thousand derivative liability for the open April 3, 2026 written covered Bitcoin call option. The liability was calculated as 0.31053491 BTC multiplied by the March 31, 2026 BTC-USD spot price of $68,233.31, observed at 23:59:59 UTC on March 31, 2026 from the market in which the Company transacts through Blockchain.com, rounded to the nearest thousand. The fair value of written-call liabilities may increase with increases in Bitcoin spot price, implied volatility or remaining contractual term.

7. Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures Bitcoin and derivative liabilities at fair value in accordance with ASC 820. For directly held Bitcoin, management identified the market in which the Company transacts through Blockchain.com as the principal market for the Company’s Bitcoin treasury transactions. Because Bitcoin trades continuously and does not have a single exchange closing time, the Company measures its period-end Bitcoin position using the BTC-USD spot price observed from that principal market at 23:59:59 UTC on the reporting date. For March 31, 2026, the spot price used was $68,233.31 per BTC. Bitcoin is classified as Level 1 because the valuation uses an observable quoted price in an active market. Written covered-call derivative liabilities and embedded conversion derivative liabilities are classified as Level 3 because valuation includes significant unobservable inputs. The Company had no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2025. The fair value hierarchy and Level 3 rollforward below present the same March 31, 2026 embedded conversion derivative liability balance as the balance sheet caption for derivative liabilities — embedded conversion features and the convertible debt table in Note 8. (Convertible Notes, Embedded Derivatives and Pre-Funded Warrants).

The debt-host allocation / day-one noncash issuance-date adjustment represents the noncash issuance-date allocation effect recognized in connection with bifurcating the embedded conversion derivative liabilities from the convertible-debt host.

8. Convertible Notes, Embedded Derivatives and Pre-Funded Warrants

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company issued three convertible debentures and one pre-funded warrant to YA II PN, Ltd. The following tables summarize the contractual terms and reconcile the related debt host, embedded conversion derivative liability, accrued interest payable, pre-funded warrant proceeds and APIC allocation to the balance sheet, statement of operations, statement of cash flows and shareholders’ equity presentation.

The initial fair value of the bifurcated embedded conversion derivative liabilities exceeded the cash proceeds allocated to the debt host because the valuation reflects the variable conversion features, floor prices and probability-weighted settlement outcomes under the convertible debenture terms. This resulted in a recognized loss of $1,083.

The embedded conversion features were bifurcated and recognized as derivative liabilities measured at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. Debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the expected term of the convertible debentures. The balance sheet presentation separates (i) the convertible debt host, net of unamortized discount, (ii) accrued interest payable, and (iii) embedded conversion derivative liabilities. Accrued interest payable is not included in convertible notes payable, net of discount, because it represents separately accrued contractual coupon interest. Cash proceeds from convertible debentures and pre-funded warrants are presented as financing cash inflows, the pre-funded warrant APIC allocation is presented within shareholders’ equity, and the embedded conversion derivative liabilities and convertible debt host are presented as separate balance sheet captions.

9. Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

10. Leases

The Company’s lease balances relate to the Subsidiary and the legacy solar business. As of March 31, 2026, the related right-of-use asset and lease obligations were included in assets and liabilities of discontinued operations classified as held for sale because the lease was associated with the discontinued component. The lease measurement was calculated using a 122-month lease term and a weighted-average discount rate of 18.0%. Source lease amortization schedules and the December 31, 2025 lease support were maintained in euros; the amounts disclosed below are presented in U.S. dollars and rounded to the nearest thousand. Subsequent to quarter end, the SPA required the parties to use their best efforts to transfer the Munich lease to the Subsidiary as lessee by June 30, 2026, with a full release of the Company from further liability under the lease; if such transfer is not completed by that date, the Company has the right to terminate the lease agreement. The Company did not identify a material continuing lease obligation outside the discontinued operations disposal group as of March 31, 2026. See Note 4 (Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale) and Note 16 (Subsequent Events) for the related disclosures.

The lease liability caption is presented together with other disposal-group liabilities because the disclosed amounts represent the total liabilities of the discontinued operations disposal group associated with the legacy solar business, including lease obligations. Lease cost and cash paid for lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 related to the discontinued component and are included in the discontinued operations amounts disclosed in Note 4; no material continuing lease cost or cash paid for leases was identified outside the discontinued operations disposal group.

11. Income Taxes

The Company recordedno income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 or March 31, 2025. The Company continues to maintain valuation allowances against deferred tax assets where realization is not more likely than not. Income tax expense associated with discontinued operations was not material for the periods presented.

12. Stockholders’** Equity**

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized $1,420 thousand of additional paid-in capital related to pre-funded warrants. Nominal values of the Company’s share capital are denominated in euros under Dutch corporate law.

The accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) column in the statement of shareholders’ equity reflects cumulative translation adjustments arising from the change in reporting- currency realignment and the translation of euro-functional operations, as described in Note 2 (Basis of Presentation, Consolidation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). Total shareholders’ equity in the statement of shareholders’ equity reconciles to total shareholders’ equity presented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet for each period presented.

13. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share gives effect to potentially dilutive securities when their effect is dilutive. For Q1 2026, potentially dilutive securities were excluded because the Company reported a net loss and inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

14. Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be involved in claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a liability for loss contingencies when a loss is probable and reasonably estimable. Management is not currently aware of any matter that it believes would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, except as otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report.

The Company’s commitments and contingencies include matters associated with the exit from the Subsidiary, lease-related obligations included in the discontinued operations disposal group, public-company obligations, financing arrangements and the Treasury Strategy.

15. Related Party Transactions

The Company evaluates relationships and transactions for related-party disclosure under applicable SEC and U.S. GAAP requirements. The Company considered its financing arrangements, preferred share arrangements, voting limitations, conversion rights, applicable beneficial-ownership limitations, including the 4.99% limitation, and other contractual arrangements with Yorkville in evaluating related-party disclosure. Based on this evaluation and consistent with the Company’s historical treatment of similar arrangements, management identified Yorkville as a related party on the basis that YA II PN, Ltd. is the sole holder of the Company’s outstanding Preferred Shares, which constitute 100% of that class of the Company’s issued share capital, and that Yorkville has maintained a long-standing and material financing relationship with the Company. See Note 8 (Convertible Notes, Embedded Derivatives and Pre-Funded Warrants), Note 12 (Stockholders’ Equity) and Note 16 (Subsequent Events) for additional information. No additional related-party transactions have been identified other than matters disclosed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report relating to financing, governance and the disposition of the legacy solar operations conducted through the Subsidiary.

16. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. The following event occurring subsequent to March 31, 2026 is disclosed below.

Disposition of Sono Motors GmbH.

On May 4, 2026, the Company entered into a Share Purchase and Transfer Agreement (the “SPA”) with (i) Vorratsla-160 M UG (haftungsbeschränkt) (in the future, OZERA UG (haftungsbeschränkt)), a German limited liability company whose sole shareholder is Denis Azhar, and (ii) Vorratsla-161 M UG (haftungsbeschränkt) (in the future, JanSol Invest UG (haftungsbeschränkt)), a German limited liability company whose sole shareholder is Jan Schiermeister (together, the “Purchasers”), and the Subsidiary. Mr. Azhar and Mr. Schiermeister are the current managing directors of the Subsidiary.

Pursuant to the SPA, the Company sold and transferred to the Purchasers, with immediate legal effect under German law and without conditions precedent, all 33,588 shares representing 100% of the outstanding share capital of the Subsidiary, with 50% transferred to each Purchaser. The purchase price for the shares was €1.00 in the aggregate. Simultaneously, the Company sold and assigned to the Purchasers its shareholder loan repayment claim against the Subsidiary, including accrued interest, with an outstanding amount of approximately €10.5 million as of April 29, 2026, for an aggregate purchase price of €1.00. Each Purchaser’s portion of the shareholder loan repayment claim is subject to (i) a two-year standstill undertaking by the Purchasers and (ii) a qualified subordination (qualifizierter Rangrücktritt) pursuant to German insolvency law under which the claim is subordinated to all other present and future creditors of the Subsidiary.

In connection with the SPA, the Company and the Subsidiary agreed to terminate their corporate services agreement with retroactive effect as of April 30, 2026. The SPA also requires the parties to use their best efforts to cause the lease agreement for the premises located at Waldmeisterstraße 93, 80935 Munich, Germany, under which the Company is the current lessee, to be transferred to the Subsidiary as lessee by no later than June 30, 2026, with a full release of the Company from any further liability thereunder; if such transfer is not completed by that date, the Company has the right to terminate the lease agreement. The Subsidiary granted the Company a worldwide, limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, royalty-free, irrevocable license to use the “Sono” brand as company name and in connection with the Company's stock exchange listing, securities trading or stock ticker. The SPA is governed by the laws of Germany, and disputes arising under the SPA are subject to binding arbitration in Munich, Germany.

Following the signing date of the SPA, the Company no longer holds any equity interest in, or exercises any control over, the Subsidiary. The Company will deconsolidate the Subsidiary upon loss of control in the second quarter of 2026 and will recognize any resulting gain or loss within discontinued operations in the period in which loss of control occurs.

Because the Company recognized a $519 thousand loss on classification as held for sale in the first quarter of 2026 to reduce the disposal group based on the planned sale and nominal consideration subsequently documented in the SPA, the Company does not expect to recognize that same amount again as a deconsolidation loss in the second quarter of 2026. The final gain or loss on deconsolidation will be determined based on the Company’s consolidated U.S. GAAP carrying amounts at the date control is lost, after considering the held-for-sale impairment recognized in the first quarter, sale-date changes, release of any cumulative translation adjustment attributable to the Subsidiary, taxes, transaction costs, retained obligations and other closing adjustments.

The SPA described above is the operative transaction document for the assignment of the shareholder loan repayment claim, including the approximately €10.5 million outstanding amount as of April 29, 2026, the aggregate €1.00 consideration, the two-year standstill and the qualified subordination terms described above. The shareholder loan receivable recorded by the Company and the corresponding payable recorded by the Subsidiary were intra-entity balances eliminated in consolidation prior to the transaction. Accordingly, the shareholder loan was not included as a separate consolidated receivable or liability in the held-for-sale impairment or deconsolidation analysis. For consolidated reporting purposes, the assignment of the shareholder loan claim as part of the SPA affects the sale and deconsolidation analysis in the period in which control is lost, rather than creating a separate receivable in the March 31, 2026 consolidated balance sheet. Parent-company stand-alone accounting for the shareholder loan may differ from the consolidated accounting treatment described herein.

Additional Financing.

Subsequent to March 31, 2026, on April 28, 2026, the Company received an additional tranche of funding from YA II PN, Ltd. (“Yorkville”) in the form of a convertible debenture issued by the Company to Yorkville in the aggregate principal amount of $700 thousand (the “April 2026 Debenture”).

The April 2026 Debenture matures on April 28, 2027, which maturity date may be extended at the option of Yorkville. Further, interest accrues on the outstanding principal balance of the April 2026 Debenture at an annual rate of 12%, which will increase to an annual rate of 18% upon an Event of Default (as defined in the April 2026 Debenture), for so long as such Event of Default remains uncured. Yorkville will have the right to convert the April 2026 Debenture into ordinary shares of the Company at the lower of (i) a price per ordinary share equal to $18.75 or (ii)85% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of the ordinary shares during the seven consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date or other date of determination (the “Variable Conversion Price”); provided that the Variable Conversion Price may not be lower than the Floor Price (as defined in the April 2026 Debenture) then in effect or the nominal value of one ordinary share. Net proceeds to the Company from the April 2026 Debenture were $700,000.

The April 2026 Debenture was issued without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as a transaction not involving a public offering and in reliance on similar exemptions under applicable state laws. Any ordinary shares of the Company issuable upon conversion of the April 2026 Debenture will be issued without registration under the Securities Act in reliance on applicable exemptions therefrom.

The foregoing description of the April 2026 Debenture does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the April 2026 Debenture, which is attached to this Quarterly Report as Exhibit 10.11 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Because the funding under the April 2026 Debenture occurred after March 31, 2026, the additional tranche is not reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, notes payable balance, fair value measurement or notes payable rollforward as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Item 2. Management’**s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.