WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

Note 1: Business and Accounting Policies

Westamerica Bancorporation, a registered bank holding company (the “Company”), provides a full range of banking services to corporate and individual customers in Northern and Central California through its wholly-owned subsidiary bank, Westamerica Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank is subject to competition from both financial and nonfinancial institutions and to the regulations of certain agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. All of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated inone reportable operating segment.

The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to the balance sheet date. Based on this evaluation, the Company is not aware of any events or transactions that occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date but prior to filing that would require recognition or disclosure in its consolidated financial statements. Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Management continues to actively evaluate the impacts of inflation, the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy and climate changes on the Company’s business. During 2023, the banking industry experienced significant volatility with several bank failures. Industrywide concerns developed related to liquidity, deposit outflows and unrealized losses on investment debt securities. These events could adversely affect the Company’s ability to effectively fund its operations. Any one or a combination of such risk factors, or other factors, could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The extent of the impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, and financial performance, as well as the Company’s ability to execute near- and long-term business strategies and initiatives, will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The accounting policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes and in this discussion, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined. Based on the valuation techniques used and the sensitivity of financial statement amounts to the methods, assumptions, and estimates underlying those amounts, it is reasonably possible conditions could change materially affecting results of operations and financial conditions. The following is a summary of significant policies used in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements.

Accounting Estimates. Certain accounting policies underlying the preparation of these financial statements require Management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions, and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; accordingly, as this information changes, the financial statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions, and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Estimates, assumptions, and judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, when a decline in fair value of an asset not carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment writedown or valuation reserve to be established, or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent upon a future event. The allowance for credit losses accounting is an area requiring the most subjective or complex judgments, and as such could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available. A discussion of the factors affecting the accounting for the allowance for credit losses on loans is included in the following “Loans” and “Allowance for Credit Losses” sections. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in financial statement volatility. The fair values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based either on quoted market prices or are provided by other third party sources, when available. The “Securities” section discusses the factors that may affect the valuation of the Company’s securities including sensitivity to market changes. Although the estimates contemplate current conditions actual results can change.

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all the Company’s subsidiaries. Significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company does not maintain or conduct transactions with any unconsolidated special purpose entities.

Cash. Cash includes Due From Banks balances which are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are generally 90 days or less from maturity at the time of initiation, presenting insignificant risk of changes in value due to interest rate changes.

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Equity Securities. Equity securities consist of marketable equity securities and mutual funds which are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in net income. There wereno equity securities at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Debt Securities. Debt securities consist of the securities of government sponsored entities, states, counties, municipalities, corporations, agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and commercial paper. Securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. The Company classifies its debt securities in one of three categories: trading, available for sale or held to maturity. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Trading securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in net income. Held to maturity debt securities are those securities which the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. Held to maturity debt securities are recorded at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. Securities not included in trading or held to maturity are classified as available for sale debt securities. Available for sale debt securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available for sale debt securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Accrued interest is recorded within other assets and reversed against interest income if it is not received.

The Company utilizes third-party sources to value its investment securities; securities individually valued using quoted prices in active markets are classified as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy, and securities valued using quoted prices in active markets for similar securities (commonly referred to as “matrix” pricing) are classified as Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy. The Company validates the reliability of third-party provided values by comparing individual security pricing for securities between more than one third-party source. When third-party information is not available, valuation adjustments are estimated in good faith by Management and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company follows the guidance issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Investing in Securities without Reliance on Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Agencies” (SR 12-15) and other regulatory guidance when performing investment security pre-purchase analysis or evaluating investment securities for credit loss. Credit ratings issued by recognized rating agencies are considered in the Company’s analysis only as a guide to the historical default rate associated with similarly-rated bonds.

To the extent that debt securities in the held-to-maturity portfolio share common risk characteristics, estimated expected credit losses are calculated in a manner like that used for loans held for investment. That is, for pools of such securities with common risk characteristics, the historical lifetime probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical credit losses. Expected credit loss on each security in the held-to-maturity portfolio that do not share common risk characteristics with any of the pools of debt securities is individually evaluated and a reserve for credit losses is established at the difference between the discounted value of the expected future cash flows, based on the original effective interest rate, and the recorded amortized cost basis of the security. For certain classes of debt securities, the bank considers the history of credit losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero. Therefore, for those securities, the bank does not record expected credit losses.

Available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated to determine whether all or some portion of the security’s unrealized loss is credit related, at least quarterly. When evaluating credit losses, the Company considers various factors such as the nature of the investment security, the credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer, expected cash flows of underlying collateral, the extent of the unrealized loss, the existence of any government or agency guarantees, and market conditions. For available for sale debt securities, a decline in fair value due to credit loss results in recording an allowance for credit losses to the extent the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Declines in fair value that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses, such as declines due to changes in market interest rates, are recorded through other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Although these evaluations involve significant judgment, an unrealized loss in the fair value of a debt security is generally considered to not be related to credit when the fair value of the security is below the carrying value primarily due to changes in risk-free interest rates, there has not been significant deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer, and the Company does not intend to sell nor does it believe it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its cost basis.

If the Company intends to sell a debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write down is charged against the allowance for credit losses with any incremental loss reported in earnings.

Purchase premiums are amortized to the earliest call date and purchase discounts are amortized to maturity as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. Unamortized premiums, unaccreted discounts, and early payment premiums are recognized as a component of gain or loss on sale upon disposition of the related security. Interest and dividend income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available for sale debt securities are included in earnings using the specific identification method.

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Nonmarketable Equity Securities. Nonmarketable equity securities include securities that are not publicly traded, such as Visa Class B common stock, and securities acquired to meet regulatory requirements, such as Federal Reserve Bank stock, which are restricted. These restricted securities are accounted for under the cost method and are included in other assets. The Company reviews those assets accounted for under the cost method at least quarterly. The Company’s review typically includes an analysis of the facts and circumstances of each investment, the expectations for the investment’s cash flows and capital needs, the viability of its business model and any exit strategy. When the review indicates that impairment exists the asset value is reduced to fair value. The Company recognizes the estimated loss in noninterest income.

Loans. Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned discount and unamortized deferred fees and costs. Interest is accrued daily on the outstanding principal balances and included in other assets. Loans which are more than 90 days delinquent with respect to interest or principal, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection, and other loans on which full recovery of principal or interest is in doubt, are placed on nonaccrual status. Interest previously accrued on loans placed on nonaccrual status is charged against interest income. In addition, some loans secured by real estate and commercial loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties are placed on nonaccrual status even though the borrowers continue to repay the loans as scheduled. When the ability to fully collect nonaccrual loan principal is in doubt, payments received are applied against the principal balance of the loans on a cost-recovery method until such time as full collection of the remaining recorded balance is expected. Any additional interest payments received after that time are recorded as interest income on a cash basis. Nonaccrual loans are reinstated to accrual status when none of the loan’s principal and interest is past due and improvements in credit quality eliminate doubt as to the full collectability of both principal and interest, or the loan otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Certain consumer loans or auto receivables are charged off against the allowance for credit losses when they become 120 days past due.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments, related risks and methods for measuring the allowance for credit losses. The Company extends loans to commercial and consumer customers primarily in Northern and Central California. These lending activities expose the Company to the risk borrowers will default, causing loan losses. The Company’s lending activities are exposed to various qualitative risks. All loan segments are exposed to risks inherent in the economy and market conditions. Significant risk characteristics related to the commercial loan segment include the borrowers’ business performance and financial condition, and the value of collateral for secured loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the commercial real estate segment include the borrowers’ business performance and the value of properties collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the construction loan segment include the borrowers’ performance in successfully developing the real estate into the intended purpose and the value of the property collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the residential real estate segment include the borrowers’ financial wherewithal to service the mortgages and the value of the property collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the consumer loan segment include the financial condition of the borrowers and the value of collateral securing the loans.

The preparation of these financial statements requires Management to estimate the amount of expected losses over the expected contractual life of the Bank’s existing loan portfolio and establish an allowance for credit losses. Loan agreements generally include a maturity date, and the Company considers the contractual life of a loan agreement to extend from the date of origination to the contractual maturity date. In estimating credit losses, Management must exercise significant judgment in evaluating information deemed relevant. The amount of ultimate losses on the loan portfolio can vary from the estimated amounts. Management follows a systematic methodology to estimate loss potential in an effort to reduce the differences between estimated and actual losses.

The allowance for credit losses is established through provisions for credit losses charged to income. Losses on loans are charged to the allowance for credit losses when all or a portion of the recorded amount of a loan is deemed to be uncollectible. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are credited to the allowance when realized. The Company’s allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for expected losses based on historical loss rates adjusted for current and expected conditions over a forecast period. These include conditions unique to individual borrowers, as well as overall credit loss experience, the amount of past due, nonperforming and classified loans, recommendations of regulatory authorities, prevailing economic conditions, or credit protection agreements and other factors.

Loans that share common risk characteristics are segregated into pools based on common characteristics, which is primarily determined by loan, borrower, or collateral type. Historical loss rates are determined for each pool. For consumer installment loans, primarily secured by automobiles, historical loss rates are determined using a vintage methodology, which tracks losses based on period of origination. For commercial, construction, and commercial real estate, historical loss rates are determined using an open pool methodology where losses are tracked over time for all loans included in the pool at the historical measurement date. Historical loss rates are adjusted for factors that are not reflected in the historical loss rates that are attributable to national or local economic or industry trends which have occurred but have not yet been recognized in past loan charge-off history, estimated losses based on management’s reasonable and supportable expectation of economic trends over a forecast horizon of up to two years, and other factors that impact credit loss expectations that are not reflected in the historical loss rates. Other factors include, but are not limited to, the effectiveness of the Company’s loan review system, adequacy of lending Management and staff, loan policies and procedures, problem loan trends, and concentrations of credit. At the end of the two-year forecast period loss rates revert immediately to the historical loss rates. The results of this analysis are applied to the amortized cost of the loans included within each pool.

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Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans in the pools are evaluated individually. A loan is considered ‘collateral-dependent’ when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. A credit loss reserve for collateral-dependent loans is established at the difference between the amortized cost basis in the loan and the fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for costs to sell. For other individually evaluated loans that are not collateral dependent, a credit loss reserve is established at the difference between the amortized cost basis in the loan and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. The impact of an expected modification to be made to loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is included in the allowance for credit losses when management determines such modification is likely.

Accrued interest is recorded in other assets and is excluded from the estimation of expected credit loss. Accrued interest is reversed through interest income when amounts are determined to be uncollectible, which generally occurs when the underlying receivable is placed on nonaccrual status or charged off.

Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. Off-balance sheet credit exposures relate to letters of credit and unfunded loan commitments for commercial, construction and consumer loans. The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses from off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which is included within other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Increases or reductions to the Company’s allowance for credit losses from off-balance sheet credit exposures are recorded in other expenses. Management estimates the amount of expected losses by estimating expected usage exposures that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company and applying the loss factors used in the allowance for credit loss methodology to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. The expected usage exposure is determined as the difference between the current utilization compared to the historical average utilization applied to the current commitment. The expected loss is calculated at the same rate as the corresponding on-balance sheet credit exposure. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance-sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company or for undrawn amounts under such arrangements that may be drawn prior to the cancellation of the arrangement.

Nonrefundable fees and certain costs associated with originating or acquiring loans are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual loan lives. Upon prepayment, unamortized loan fees, net of costs, are immediately recognized in interest income. Other fees, including those collected upon principal prepayments, are included in interest income when received. Loans held for sale are identified upon origination and are reported at the lower of cost or market value on an aggregate loan basis.

Other Real Estate Owned. Other real estate owned is comprised of property acquired through foreclosure proceedings, acceptances of deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure and, if applicable, vacated bank properties. Losses recognized at the time of acquiring property in full or partial satisfaction of debt are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Other real estate owned is recorded at the fair value of the collateral, generally based upon an independent property appraisal, less estimated disposition costs. Losses incurred subsequent to acquisition due to any decline in annual independent property appraisals are recognized as noninterest expense. Routine holding costs, such as property taxes, insurance and maintenance, and losses from sales and dispositions, are recognized as noninterest expense.

Premises and Equipment. Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed substantially on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each type of asset. Estimated useful lives of premises and equipment range from 20 to 50 years and from 3 to 20 years, respectively. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the lease or their estimated useful life, whichever is shorter.

Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue as it is earned based on contractual terms, as transactions occur, or as services are provided and collectability is reasonably assured. In certain circumstances, noninterest income is reported net of associated expenses that are directly related to variable volume-based sales or revenue sharing arrangements or when the Company acts on an agency basis for others.

Service Charges include fees received on deposit accounts under depository agreements with customers to provide access to deposited funds, serve as a custodian of funds, and when applicable, pay interest on deposits. Checking and savings accounts may contain fees for various services used on a day-to-day basis by customer. Fees are recognized as services are delivered to and consumed by the customer, or as fees are charged.

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Merchant Processing Services revenue consists primarily of merchant discount and other transaction and account management fees charged to merchants for the electronic processing of card association network transactions, less interchange paid to card-issuing bank, card association assessments, and revenue sharing amounts. All of these are recognized at the time the merchant’s services are performed. Merchant processing revenue also includes revenues related to point-of-sale equipment recorded as sales when the equipment is shipped or as earned for equipment rentals.

Debit Card and ATM Processing fees includes interchange from debit and ATM cards through card association networks, annual fees and other transaction and account management fees. Interchange rates are generally set by the card associations and based on purchase volumes and other factors. The Company records interchange, transaction and account management fees as services are provided, except for annual fees which are recognized over applicable period.

Trust Fees are recognized over the period in which services are performed and are based on a percentage of the fair value of the assets under management or administration, fixed based on account type, or transaction-based fees.

Life Insurance Cash Surrender Value. The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain directors and officers as well as acquired such assets as part of the acquisition of other banks. Company owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. These assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Intangible Assets. Intangible assets are comprised of goodwill, core deposit intangibles and other identifiable intangibles acquired in business combinations. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized on an accelerated basis over their respective estimated useful lives not exceeding 15 years. Intangible assets with a finite useful life are reviewed at least annually for impairment. Any goodwill and any intangible asset acquired in a business combination determined to have an indefinite useful life is not amortized and is reviewed at least annually for impairment. If management determines, based on a qualitative review of events and circumstances, that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the intangible asset will not be realized, an impairment test is performed to determine whether the asset’s fair value is less than the carrying amount of the asset.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company reviews its long-lived and certain intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Income Taxes. The Company and its subsidiaries file consolidated tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, resulting in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense approximates taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the balance sheet method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and recognizes enacted changes in tax rates and laws in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized subject to Management’s judgment that realization is more likely than not. A tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties are recognized as a component of income tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation. The Company applies FASB ASC 718 – Compensation – Stock Compensation, to account for stock based awards granted to employees using the fair value method. The Company recognizes compensation expense for restricted performance share grants over the relevant attribution period. Restricted performance share grants have no exercise price, therefore, the intrinsic value is measured using an estimated per share price at the vesting date for each restricted performance share. The estimated per share price is adjusted during the attribution period to reflect actual stock price performance. The Company’s obligation for unvested outstanding restricted performance share grants is classified as a liability until the vesting date due to a cash settlement feature, at which time the issued shares become classified as shareholders’ equity.

Operating Segments. While the chief decision maker monitors the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

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Other. Securities and other property held by the Bank in a fiduciary or agency capacity are not included in the financial statements since such items are not assets of the Company or its subsidiaries.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In the year ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024, the Company adopted the following new accounting guidance:

FASB ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments -Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, issued March 2022, eliminates the recognition and measurement guidance for troubled debt restructurings and requires enhanced disclosures about loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. This ASU also requires enhanced disclosure for loans that have been charged off. The ASU became effective January 1, 2023 under a prospective approach. The Company adopted the provisions to remove the recognition and measurement guidance for troubled debt restructurings and/or modify relevant disclosures in the “Loans” note to the consolidated financial statements. The requirement to include additional disclosures was adopted by the Company January 1, 2023. The additional disclosures did not affect the financial results upon adoption.

FASB ASU 2020-04,Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, was issued March 2020. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to loan and lease agreements, derivative contracts, and other transactions affected by the anticipated transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks. For transactions that are modified because of reference rate reform and that meet certain scope guidance (i) modifications of loan agreements should be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate and the modification will be considered "minor" so that any existing unamortized origination fees/costs would carry forward and continue to be amortized and (ii) modifications of lease agreements should be accounted for as a continuation of the existing agreement with no reassessments of the lease classification and the discount rate or remeasurements of lease payments that otherwise would be required for modifications not accounted for as separate contracts. ASU 2020-04 also provides numerous optional expedients for derivative accounting. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06,Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848.” The ASU 2022-06 deferred the sunset date of ASU 2020-04 to December 2024. As of March 31, 2024, all contracts and transactions within the scope of ASU 2020-04 have transitioned to alternative reference rates. The accounting effects of the transition to alternative reference rates were applied prospectively as an adjustment to the effective interest rate and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2022-03,Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions, was issued June 2022. The ASU clarifies the guidance in Topic 820 when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security. Additionally, the ASU requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sale restrictions. The required disclosures include (1) the fair value of such equity securities reflected in the balance sheet, (2) the nature and remaining duration of the corresponding restrictions, and (3) any circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restrictions. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the ASU on January 1, 2024 on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2023-07,Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, was issued November 27, 2023. The ASU requires disclosure of certain significant segment expenses and other items, the title and position of the chief operating decision maker and information about how the reported measures of segment profit or loss are used in assessing segment performance. The ASU became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted the ASU retrospectively to all prior periods presented in its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

FASB ASU 2023-09,Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, was issued December 14, 2023. The ASU enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU primarily requires additional disclosures as part of the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to statutory tax rate, the amount of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, and income tax expense disaggregated between federal and state jurisdictions. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2024-03,Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income–* Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses*, was issued November 4, 2024. The amendments are intended to improve income statement expense disclosure requirement, primarily through enhanced disclosures about certain costs and expenses included in income statement expense captions. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amendments on our financial statement disclosures upon adoption.

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Note 2: Investment Securities

The Company uses its investment securities portfolio to manage interest rate risk, provide liquidity (including the ability to meet regulatory requirements), generate interest and dividend income, and as collateral for public deposits and wholesale funding sources. The Company’s investment securities portfolio includes debt securities classified as held to maturity and available for sale. While the company intends to hold its investment securities indefinitely, it may sell available for sale investment securities in response to structural changes in the balance sheet and related interest rate risk and to meet liquidity requirements, among other factors.

An analysis of the amortized cost and fair value by major categories of debt securities available for sale, which are carried at fair value with net unrealized gains (losses) reported on an after-tax basis as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, and debt securities held to maturity, which are carried at amortized cost, before allowance for credit losses of $1 thousand at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, follows. In accordance with GAAP, unrealized gains and losses on held to maturity securities have not been recognized in the Company’s financial statements.

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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following tables at the dates indicated:

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Expected amortizing principal payments of collateralized loan obligations can differ from actual cash flows because the securities can be called and paid-off. Expected maturities of mortgage-related securities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. In addition, such factors as prepayments and interest rates may affect the yield on the carrying value of mortgage-related securities.

An analysis of the gross unrealized losses of the debt securities available for sale portfolio follows:

An analysis of gross unrecognized losses of the debt securities held to maturity portfolio follows:

Based upon the Company’s December 31, 2024 evaluation, the unrealized losses on debt securities were caused by market conditions for these types of securities. Market interest rates are currently higher than the book yield of the securities, causing declines in bond values generally. The Company continually monitors interest rate changes, risk premium spread changes, credit rating changes for issuers of bonds owned, collateralized loan obligations’ collateral levels, and corporate bond issuers’ common stock price changes. All collateralized loan obligations, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and corporate securities were investment grade rated at December 31, 2024.

The Company does not intend to sell any debt securities available for sale with a material unrealized loss and has concluded that it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the debt securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

The Company evaluates held to maturity corporate securities individually, monitoring each issuer’s financial condition, profitability, cash flows and credit rating agency conclusions. The Company has evaluated each issuer’s historical financial performance and ability to service debt payments, including throughout and following the 2008-2009 recession. The Company has an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis continues to be zero.

The fair values of debt securities could decline in the future if market interest rates rise, the general economy deteriorates, inflation increases, credit ratings decline, the issuers’ financial condition deteriorates, or the liquidity for debt securities declines. As a result, significant credit losses on debt securities may occur in the future.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s debt securities pledged had a carrying amount of $2,049,954 thousand and $2,034,706 thousand, respectively, primarily to secure public deposits, Federal Reserve Bank borrowings and securities sold under repurchase agreements.

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An analysis of the gross unrealized losses of the debt securities available for sale portfolio follows:

An analysis of gross unrecognized losses of the debt securities held to maturity portfolio follows:

The Company evaluates debt securities on a quarterly basis including changes in security ratings issued by rating agencies, changes in the financial condition of the issuer, collateral levels and, for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, delinquency and loss information with respect to the underlying collateral, changes in the levels of subordination for the Company’s particular position within the repayment structure and remaining credit enhancement as compared to expected credit losses of the security. In addition to monitoring credit rating agency evaluations, Management performs its own evaluations regarding the credit worthiness of the issuer or the securitized assets underlying asset backed securities.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held to maturity:

Agency mortgage-backed securities were assigned no credit loss allowance due to the perceived backing of government sponsored entities. Municipal securities were evaluated for risk of default based on credit rating and remaining term to maturity using Moody’s risk of default factors; Moody’s loss upon default factors were applied to the assumed defaulted principal amounts to estimate the amount for credit loss allowance. Corporate securities held to maturity were individually evaluated for expected credit loss by evaluating the issuer’s financial condition, profitability, cash flows, and credit ratings. At December 31, 2024, no credit loss allowance was assigned to corporate securities held to maturity.

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The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held to maturity at December 31, 2024, aggregated by credit rating:

There wereno debt securities held to maturity on nonaccrual status or past due 30 days or more as of December 31, 2024.

The following table provides information about the amount of interest income earned on investment securities which is fully taxable and which is exempt from federal income tax:

Note 3: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

A summary of the major categories of loans outstanding is shown in the following tables at the dates indicated:

The following summarizes activity in the allowance for credit losses:

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The Company’s customers are primarily small businesses, professionals and consumers. Given the scale of these borrowers, corporate credit rating agencies do not evaluate the borrowers’ financial condition. The Bank maintains a Loan Review Department which reports directly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The Loan Review Department performs independent evaluations of loans and validates management assigned credit risk grades on evaluated loans using grading standards employed by bank regulatory agencies. Loans judged to carry lower-risk attributes are assigned a “pass” grade, with a minimal likelihood of loss. Loans judged to carry higher-risk attributes are referred to as “classified loans,” and are further disaggregated, with increasing expectations for loss recognition, as “substandard,” “doubtful,” and “loss.” The Loan Review Department performs continuous evaluations throughout the year. If the Bank becomes aware of deterioration in a borrower’s performance or financial condition between Loan Review Department examinations, assigned risk grades are re-evaluated promptly. Credit risk grades assigned by management and validated by the Loan Review Department are subject to review by the Bank’s regulatory authorities during regulatory examinations.

The following summarizes the credit risk profile by internally assigned grade:

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The following tables summarize loans by delinquency and nonaccrual status:

There wasno allowance for credit losses allocated to loans on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

There wereno commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

There wereno loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Loans considered collateral dependent are reassessed quarterly. Loans that were considered collateral dependent at December 31, 2024 included the following: nine commercial real estate loans totaling $17.6 million secured by real property and $503 thousand of indirect consumer installment loans secured by personal property. There were no other collateral dependent loans at December 31, 2024. Loans that were considered collateral dependent at December 31, 2023 included the following: nine commercial real estate loans totaling $10.9 million secured by real property and $377 thousand of indirect consumer installment loans secured by personal property. There were no other collateral dependent loans at December 31, 2023.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows:

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The Company considers the delinquency and nonaccrual status of the consumer loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. The following table presents the amortized cost in consumer installment and other loans based on delinquency and nonaccrual status:

There wereno loans held for sale at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company heldno other real estate owned (OREO) at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there wereno consumer mortgage loans outstanding secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

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Note 4: Concentration of Credit Risk

Under the California Financial Code, credit extended to any one person at any one time shall not exceed the following limitations: (a) unsecured credits shall not exceed 15 percent of the sum of the Bank’s shareholders’ equity, allowance for loan losses, capital notes, and debentures, or (b) secured and unsecured credits in all shall not exceed 25 percent of the sum of the Bank’s shareholders’ equity, allowance for loan losses, capital notes, and debentures. At December 31, 2024, the Bank did not have credit extended to any one entity exceeding these limits. At December 31, 2024, the Bank had 25 lending relationships each with aggregate amounts of $5 million or more. The Company has significant credit arrangements that are secured by real estate collateral. In addition to real estate loans outstanding as disclosed in Note 3, the Company had loan commitments related to real estate loans of $26,292 thousand and $30,888 thousand at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company requires collateral on all real estate loans with loan-to-value ratios at origination generally no greater than 75% on commercial real estate loans and no greater than 80% on residential real estate loans. At December 31, 2024, the Bank held corporate bonds in 106 issuing entities that exceeded $5 million for each issuer.

Note 5: Premises, Equipment, Other Assets and Other Liabilities

Premises and equipment consisted of the following:

Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment included in noninterest expense amounted to $2,627 thousand in 2024, $2,942 thousand in 2023, and $2,899 thousand in 2022.

Other assets consisted of the following:

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The Company owns 211 thousand shares of Visa Inc. (“Visa”) Class B-1 common stock, which have transfer restrictions; the carrying value is $-0- thousand. Following the resolution of certain litigation involving Visa, shares of Visa’s Class B-1 stock will convert to shares of Visa Class A common stock based on a conversion factor (1.5653 as of December 31, 2024), which is periodically adjusted to reflect Visa’s ongoing litigation costs. Given the transfer restrictions and continuing uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing and eventual conversion of Visa Class B-1 common stock for shares of Visa Class A common stock or other marketable classes of Visa common stock, these shares are not considered to have a readily determinable fair value and have no carrying value. Visa Class A common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange and had a closing price of $316.04 per share on December 31, 2024, the last trading day for the fourth quarter 2024. The ultimate value of the Company’s Visa Class B-1 shares is subject to the extent of Visa’s future litigation escrow fundings, the resulting conversion rate to Visa Class A common stock, and current and future transfer restrictions on the Visa Class B-1 common stock. Effective January 24, 2024, all outstanding shares of Visa Class B common stock, including 211 thousand Visa Class B shares then held by the Company, were redenominated as Visa Class B-1 common stock. During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, Visa conducted an exchange offer under which Visa Class B-1 stockholders could elect to exchange a portion of their Visa Class B-1 shares for a combination of Visa Class C common stock, which is convertible into publicly traded Visa Class A common stock, and Visa Class B-2 common stock, which remains restricted. The Company did not exchange any Visa Class B-1 shares in the exchange offer, which expired on May 3, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the Company did not record an adjustment to the carrying value of the Visa Class B-1 shares.

The Company invests in flow-through limited liability entities that manage or invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for low-income housing tax credits. At December 31, 2024, these investments totaled $28,551 thousand and $11,368 thousand of this amount represents outstanding equity capital commitments that are included in other liabilities. At December 31, 2023, these investments totaled $28,667 thousand and $15,561 thousand of this amount represents outstanding equity capital commitments that are included in other liabilities. At December 31, 2024, the $11,368 thousand of outstanding equity capital commitments are expected to be paid as follows: $6,594 thousand in 2025, $2,975 thousand in 2026, $1,142 thousand in 2027, $42 thousand in 2028, $392 thousand in 2029 and or $223 thousand in 2029 and thereafter.

The amounts recognized in net income for these investments include:

Other liabilities consisted of the following:

The Company has entered into leases for most branch locations and certain other offices that were classified as operating leases primarily with original terms offive years. Certain lease arrangements contain extension options, which can be exercised at the Company’s option, for one or more additional five year terms. Unexercised extension options are not considered reasonably certain of exercise and have not been included in the lease term used to determine the lease liability or right-of-use asset. The Company did not have any finance leases as of December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’slease liability andright-of-use asset were $17,985 thousand. The weighted average remaining life of operating leases and weighted average discount rate used to determine operating lease liabilities were 3.8 years and 3.36%, respectively, at December 31, 2024. The Company did not have any material lease incentives, unamortized initial direct costs, prepaid lease expense, or accrued lease expense as of December 31, 2024.

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Total lease costs were $6,688 thousand, $6,604 thousand and $6,575 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and were recorded within occupancy and equipment expense. The Company did not have any material short-term or variable leases costs or sublease income during the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

The following table summarizes the remaining lease payments of operating lease liabilities:

See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the net deferred tax asset.

Note 6: Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

The Company has recorded goodwill and other identifiable intangibles associated with purchase business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company did not recognize impairment during the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, asno triggering events occurred during such periods. Identifiable intangibles are amortized to their estimated residual values over their expected useful lives. Such lives and residual values are also periodically reassessed to determine if any amortization period adjustments are indicated. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no such adjustments were recorded.

The carrying values of goodwill were:

The gross carrying amount of identifiable intangible assets and accumulated amortization were:

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As of December 31, 2024, the current period and estimated future amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets, to be fully amortized in 2025, was:

Note 7: Deposits and Borrowed Funds

The following table provides additional detail regarding deposits.

Demand deposit overdrafts of $591 thousand and $620 thousand were included as loan balances at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Interest expense for aggregate time deposits with individual account balances in excess of $100 thousand was $96 thousand in 2024, $116 thousand in 2023, and $156 thousand in 2022.

The following table provides additional detail regarding short-term borrowed funds.

The following table provides additional detail regarding short-term borrowed funds.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had access to borrowing from the Federal Reserve up to $766,606 thousand based on the collateral pledged at December 31, 2024. The Company had a $60,000 thousand line of credit with a correspondent bank at December 31, 2024. The Company repaid Federal Reserve Bank Term Funding Program borrowings in the amount of $200,000 thousand during the third quarter 2024. There were no borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank or other correspondent banks at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s estimated unpledged collateral qualifying debt securities totaled $1,597,486 thousand.

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Note 8: Shareholders’** Equity**

The Company grants stock options and restricted performance shares to employees in exchange for employee services, pursuant to the shareholder-approved 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. Prior to shareholder approval of the 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan on April 25, 2019, the Company granted stock options and restricted performance shares under its 1995 Stock Option Plan, which was last amended and restated in 2012. Nonqualified stock option grants (“NQSO”) are granted with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the related common stock on the grant date. NQSO generally become exercisable in equal annual installments over athree-year period with each installment vesting on the anniversary date of the grant. Each NQSO has a maximumten-year term. A restricted performance share grant becomes vested after three years of being awarded, provided the Company has attained its performance goals for such three-year period.

The following table summarizes information about stock options granted under the Plans as of December 31, 2024. The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the volume weighted average price as of December 31, 2024 and the exercise price of the shares. The market value as of December 31, 2024, the last day of stock market trading for the fourth quarter 2024, was $52.46 as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market:

The Company applies the Roll-Geske option pricing model (Modified Roll) to determine grant date fair value of stock option grants. This model modifies the Black-Scholes Model to take into account dividends and American options. During the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted 238 thousand,225 thousand, and 229 thousand stock options, respectively. The following weighted average assumptions were used in the option pricing to value stock options granted in the periods indicated:

Employee stock option grants are being expensed by the Company over the grants’three year vesting period. The Company issues new shares upon the exercise of options. The number of shares authorized to be issued for options at December 31, 2024 is 589 thousand.

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A summary of option activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below:

A summary of the Company’s nonvested option activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below:

The estimated grant date fair value for options granted under the Company’s stock option plan during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $8.52, $8.50 and $7.90 per share, respectively. The total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested awards as of December 31, 2024 is $1,767 thousand and the weighted average period over which the cost is expected to be recognized is 1.6 years.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $133 thousand, $113 thousand and $165 thousand, respectively. The total fair value of Restricted Performance Shares (“RPSs”) that vested during the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $505 thousand, $508 thousand and $492 thousand, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $1,358 thousand, $1,309 thousand and $1,464 thousand, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024,29 thousand shares were issued due to the exercise of nonqualified stock options resulting in a tax deduction less than the related share based compensation expense by $72 thousand. During the year ended December 31, 2023,22 thousand shares were issued due to the exercise of nonqualified stock options resulting in a tax deduction less than the related share based compensation expense by $16 thousand. During the year ended December 31, 2022,40 thousand shares were issued due to the exercise of nonqualified stock options resulting in a tax deduction less than the related share based compensation expense by $143 thousand.

A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted performance shares as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and changes during the years ended on those dates, follows:

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the restricted performance shares had a weighted-average contractual life of 1.2 years, respectively. The compensation cost that was charged against income for the Company’s restricted performance shares granted was $600 thousand, $250 thousand and $525 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There wereno stock appreciation rights or incentive stock options granted in the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

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The Company may repurchase shares of its common stock in the open market from time to time to optimize the Company’s use of equity capital and enhance shareholder value and with the intention of lessening the dilutive impact of issuing new shares under stock option plans. The Company repurchases and retires its common stock in accordance with Board of Directors approved share repurchase programs. The repurchase plan approved July 28, 2022 expired September 1, 2023. There isno replacement plan in place currently.

The Company’s articles of incorporation authorizedtwo additional classes of stock ofone million shares each, to be denominated “Class B Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock,” respectively, in addition to the 150 million shares of common stock presently authorized. At December 31, 2024, no shares of Class B Common Stock or Preferred Stock were outstanding.

Note 9: Regulatory Capital

Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can result in regulatory action. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) require the Company to maintain a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios to avoid restrictions on dividends and equity repurchases and other payments such as discretionary bonuses to executive officers. The net unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities is not included in computing regulatory capital. Management believes as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company and Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these classifications are not used to represent overall financial condition. If a bank is classified as adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If classified as undercapitalized, a bank may not accept brokered deposits, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. At year-end 2024 and 2023, the Bank met the capital requirements necessary to be well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. Management believes that there are no conditions or events that would change the institution’s category since December 31, 2024.

The capital ratios for the Company and the Bank as of the dates indicated are presented in the table below. For Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital, the required percentages for capital adequacy purposes include the 2.5% capital conservation buffer.

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Note 10: Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the amounts reported in the financial statements of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Amounts for the current year are based upon estimates and assumptions as of the date of these financial statements and could vary significantly from amounts shown on the tax returns as filed. Net deferred tax assets are included with other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The components of the net deferred tax asset is as follows:

Based on Management’s judgment, a valuation allowance is not needed to reduce the gross deferred tax asset because it is more likely than not that the gross deferred tax asset will be realized through recoverable taxes or future taxable income. Net deferred tax assets are included with other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

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The provision for federal and state income taxes consists of amounts currently payable and amounts deferred as follows:

The provision for income taxes differs from the provision computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before taxes, as follows:

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company hadno uncertain tax positions related to previous years’ tax returns which were under examination.

The Company classifies interest and penalties as a component of the provision for income taxes. For tax years 2024 and 2023, no interest or penalties were recognized as a component of the provision for income taxes. At December 31, 2024, the tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and the tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020 remain subject to examination by the California Franchise Tax Board.

Note 11: Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Debt securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as other real estate owned, loans individually evaluated for credit loss, certain loans held for investment, debt securities held to maturity, and other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the lower-of-cost or fair-value accounting of individual assets.

In accordance with the Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, the Company bases its fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal market or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions. A fair value measurement reflects all of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset, and the risk of nonperformance.

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The Company groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. When the valuation assumptions used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability are categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the asset or liability is categorized in its entirety within the lowest level of the hierarchy. These levels are:

Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 1 includes U.S. Treasury and equity securities, which are traded by dealers or brokers in active markets. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 2 includes mutual funds, federal agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, corporate securities, commercial paper, collateralized loan obligations, municipal bonds and securities of U.S government entities and U.S. government sponsored entities.

Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The Company relies on independent vendor pricing services to measure fair value for equity securities, debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity. The Company employs three pricing services. To validate the pricing of these vendors, the Company compares vendors’ pricing for each of the securities for consistency; significant pricing differences, if any, are evaluated using all available independent quotes with the quote most closely reflecting the market generally used as the fair value estimate. In addition, the Company evaluates debt securities for credit losses on a quarterly basis. As with any valuation technique used to estimate fair value, changes in underlying assumptions used could significantly affect the results of current and future values. Accordingly, these fair value estimates may not be realized in an actual sale of the securities.

The Company regularly reviews the valuation techniques and assumptions used by its vendors and determines which valuation techniques are utilized based on observable market inputs for the type of securities being measured. The Company uses the information to determine the placement in the fair value hierarchy as level 1, 2 or 3.

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis on the dates indicated.

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Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost or fair-value accounting of individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were recorded in the balance sheet at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related assets at period end.

Level 3 – Valuation is based upon present value of expected future cash flows, independent market prices, estimated liquidation values of loan collateral or appraised value of the collateral as determined by third-party independent appraisers, less 10% for selling costs, generally. The unobservable inputs and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs are not presented as the inputs were not developed by the Company.

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The tables below are a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments and the level of the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurements are categorized, excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The values assigned do not necessarily represent amounts which ultimately may be realized for assets or paid to settle liabilities. In addition, these values do not give effect to adjustments to fair value which may occur when financial instruments are sold or settled in larger quantities. The carrying amounts in the following tables are recorded in the balance sheet under the indicated captions.

The Company has not included assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments such as goodwill, long-term relationships with deposit, merchant processing and trust customers, other purchased intangibles, premises and equipment, deferred taxes, and other assets and liabilities. The total estimated fair values do not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

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The majority of the Company’s standby letters of credit and other commitments to extend credit carry current market interest rates if converted to loans. No premium or discount was ascribed to these commitments because virtually all funding would be at current market rates.

Note 12: Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Loan commitments are agreements to lend to a customer provided there is no violation of any condition established in the agreement. Certain agreements provide the Company the right to cancel or reduce its obligations to lend to customers. The portions that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company aggregated $26,292 thousand at December 31, 2024 and $29,958 thousand at December 31, 2023. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future funding requirements. Loan commitments are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies and collateral requirements. Unfunded loan commitments were $171,672 thousand at December 31, 2024 and $206,028 thousand at December 31, 2023. Standby letters of credit commit the Company to make payments on behalf of customers when certain specified future events occur. Standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support customers’ short-term financing requirements and must meet the Company’s normal credit policies and collateral requirements. Financial and performance standby letters of credit outstanding totaled $1,926 thousand at December 31, 2024 and $2,044 thousand at December 31, 2023. Commitments for commercial and similar letters of credit totaled $-0- thousand at December 31, 2024 and $95 thousand at December 31, 2023. The Company had $1,000 thousand in outstanding full recourse guarantees to a third party credit card company at December 31, 2024 and $1,000 thousand at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, the Company had a reserve for unfunded commitments of $201 thousand for the above-mentioned loan commitments of $26,292 thousand that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Company’s reserve for unfunded commitments was $201 thousand at December 31, 2023. The reserve for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities.

Due to the nature of its business, the Company is subject to various threatened or filed legal cases. Based on the advice of legal counsel, the Company does not expect such cases will have a material, adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. Legal liabilities are accrued when obligations become probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

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Note 13: Retirement Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors a qualified defined contribution Deferred Profit-Sharing Plan covering substantially all of its salaried employees with one or more years of service. The costs charged to noninterest expense related to discretionary Company contributions to the Deferred Profit-Sharing Plan were $1,427 thousand in 2024, $1,090 thousand in 2023, and $1,030 thousand in 2022.

The Company also sponsors a qualified defined contribution Tax Deferred Savings/Retirement Plan (ESOP) covering salaried employees who become eligible to participate upon completion of a 90-day introductory period. The Tax Deferred Savings/ Retirement Plan (ESOP) allows employees to defer, on a pretax or after-tax basis, a portion of their salaries as contributions to this Plan. Participants may invest in several funds, including one fund that invests primarily in Westamerica Bancorporation common stock. The Company funds contributions to match participating employees’ contributions, subject to certain limits. The matching contributions charged to compensation expense were $939 thousand in 2024, $873 thousand in 2023, and $921 thousand in 2022.

The Company offers a continuation of group insurance coverage to eligible employees electing early retirement, for the period from the date of retirement until age 65. For eligible employees the Company pays a portion of these early retirees’ group insurance premiums. The Company also reimburses a portion of Medicare Part B premiums for all qualifying retirees over age 65 and, if eligible, their spouses. Eligibility for post-retirement medical benefits is based on age and years of service, and restricted to employees hired prior to February 1, 2006 who elect early retirement prior to January 1, 2025. The Company uses an actuarial-based accrual method of accounting for post-retirement benefits. The Company used a December 31 measurement date for determining post-retirement medical benefit calculations.

The following tables set forth the net periodic post-retirement benefit cost and the change in the benefit obligation for the year ended December 31 and the funded status of the post-retirement benefit plan as of December 31:

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

Obligation and Funded Status

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Additional Information

Assumptions

The above discount rate is based on the expected return of a portfolio of Corporate Aa debt, the term of which approximates the term of the benefit obligations. The Company reserves the right to terminate or alter post-employment health benefits. Post-retirement medical benefits are currently fixed amounts without provision for future increases; as a result, the assumed annual average rate of inflation used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered by this program iszero percent for 2025 and beyond.

Note 14: Related Party Transactions

Certain of the Directors, executive officers and their associates have had banking transactions with subsidiaries of the Company in the ordinary course of business. The table below reflects information concerning loans to certain directors and executive officers and/or family members during 2024 and 2023:

Note 15: Regulatory Matters

Payment of dividends to the Company by the Bank is limited under regulations for state chartered banks. The amount that can be paid in any calendar year, without prior approval from regulatory agencies, cannot exceed the net profits (as defined) for the preceding three calendar years less dividends paid. The Company consistently has paid quarterly dividends to its shareholders since its formation in 1972.

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Note 16: Other Comprehensive Income (loss)

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and other related tax effects were:

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances were:

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Note 17: Earnings Per Common Share

The table below shows earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share. Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the impact of common stock equivalents.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, options to purchase 1,065 thousand,983 thousand and 787 thousand shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the option exercise price exceeded the fair value of the stock such that their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

Note 18: Operating Segments

The Company’s reportable segment is determined by the Chief Financial Officer, who is the designated chief decision maker, based upon information provided about the Company’s products and services offered, primarily banking operations. Loans, investments, and deposits provide revenues in the banking operation. Interest expense, provisions for credit losses, and payroll provide the significant expenses in the banking operations. While the chief decision-maker monitors the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis as reflected in the consolidated financial statements contained in the this report. The consolidated net income is used to benchmark the Company against its competitors. The benchmarking analysis coupled with monitoring of budget to actual results are used in assessment performance and in establishing compensation.

Note 19: Westamerica Bancorporation (Parent Company Only Condensed Financial Information)

Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

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Balance Sheets

Statements of Cash Flows

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM