NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP DE

Basis of Presentation

The company is aligned in four operating sectors, which also comprise our reportable segments: Aeronautics Systems, Defense Systems, Mission Systems and Space Systems.

Effective July 1, 2024, the company realigned the Strategic Deterrent Systems (SDS) division, which includes the Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent (“Sentinel”) program, from Space Systems to Defense Systems. This realignment is reflected in the financial information contained in this report.

Subsequent Realignment - Effective January 1, 2025, the company realigned the Strike and Surveillance Aircraft Solutions (SSAS) business unit from Defense Systems to Aeronautics Systems. This realignment is not reflected in the financial information contained in this report; it will be reflected in the company’s operating results beginning in the first quarter of 2025.

For a more complete description of each segment’s products and services, see “Business.”

Segment Operating Income and Margin Rate

Segment operating income, as reconciled in the table below, and segment operating margin rate (segment operating income divided by sales) are non-GAAP measures that reflect the combined operating income of our four segments less the operating income associated with intersegment sales. Segment operating income includes pension expense allocated to our sectors under FAR and CAS and excludes FAS pension service expense and unallocated corporate items (certain corporate-level expenses, which are not considered allowable or allocable under applicable FAR and CAS requirements, and costs not considered part of management’s evaluation of segment operating performance). These non-GAAP measures may be useful to investors and other users of our financial statements as supplemental measures in evaluating the financial performance and operational trends of our sectors. These measures may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner and should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to operating results presented in accordance with GAAP.

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(1)Represents the deferred state tax expense (benefit) associated with MTM benefit (expense) and the prior year B-21 charge, which are recorded in Unallocated corporate expense consistent with other changes in deferred state taxes.

Segment Operating Income and Margin Rate

2024 segment operating income increased $1.8 billion, or 65 percent, primarily due to higher operating income at Aeronautics Systems, largely driven by the prior year $1.56 billion charge on the B-21 program, as well as higher operating income at Space Systems and Defense Systems. Segment operating margin rate increased to 11.1 percent reflecting higher operating margin rates at Aeronautics Systems and Space Systems, partially offset by a lower operating margin rate at Mission Systems.

FAS/CAS Operating Adjustment

The 2024 FAS/CAS operating adjustment reflects higher CAS pension expense largely driven by plan asset returns in prior years and changes in certain CAS actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2023.

Unallocated Corporate Expense

The increase in 2024 unallocated corporate expense is primarily due to a $127 million increase in deferred state taxes associated with the prior year B-21 charge and the MTM adjustment, partially offset by lower intangible asset amortization and PP&E step-up depreciation and a loss recognized in the prior year in connection with the divestiture of a small international subsidiary.

Net Estimate-At-Completion (EAC) Adjustments -We record changes in estimated contract earnings at completion (net EAC adjustments) using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. Net EAC adjustments can have a significant effect on reported sales and operating income and the aggregate amounts are presented in the table below:

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Net EAC adjustments by segment are presented in the table below:

AERONAUTICS SYSTEMS

Aeronautics Systems is a leader in the design, development, production, integration, sustainment and modernization of military aircraft systems for the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Navy, other U.S. government agencies, and international customers. Major products include strategic long-range strike aircraft; tactical fighter and air dominance aircraft; airborne battle management and command and control systems; and unmanned autonomous aircraft systems, including high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) strategic intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) systems.

Sales

2024 sales increased $1.2 billion, or 12 percent, primarily due to the continuing transition to production on B-21 driving higher restricted volume, a $448 million increase in F-35 production and sustainment volume due, in part, to the timing of materials, a $134 million increase in Triton LRIP production volume, a $134 million increase in E-2 fleet sustainment and modernization work, and higher volume on Global Hawk sustainment activities.

2024 operating income increased $1.7 billion primarily due to the prior year $1.56 billion charge on the B-21 program as well as higher sales. Operating margin rate increased to 9.8 percent principally due to the prior year B-21 charge.

DEFENSE SYSTEMS

Defense Systems is a leader in the design, engineering, development, integration and production of strategic deterrent systems, advanced tactical weapons, and missile defense solutions, and a provider of sustainment, modernization and training services for manned and unmanned aircraft and electronics systems for the U.S. military and a broad range of international customers. Major products and services include strategic missiles; integrated, all-domain command and control (C2) systems; precision strike weapons; advanced propulsion, including tactical solid rocket motors and high speed air-breathing and hypersonic systems; high-performance gun systems, ammunition, precision munitions and advanced fuzes; and aircraft and mission systems logistics support, sustainment, operations and modernization.

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Sales

2024 sales increased $271 million, or 3 percent, primarily due to a $182 million increase on Sentinel as that program continues to ramp, a $163 million increase on certain military ammunition programs, a $124 million increase on Stand-in Attack Weapon (SiAW) as the program ramps and higher volume from timing of materials and increased order quantities on the Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS) program. These increases were partially offset by a $262 million decrease due to the completion of an international training program and lower volume on the Special Electronic Mission Aircraft (SEMA) program as it nears completion.

2023 sales increased $660 million, or 9 percent, primarily due to a $426 million increase driven by Sentinel ramp-up, as well as higher volume on ammunition programs, GMLRS, an international training program, Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile (HACM), and SiAW.

2024 operating income increased $37 million, or 4 percent, primarily due to higher sales. Operating margin rate was comparable to the prior period.

2023 operating income increased $48 million, or 6 percent, due to higher sales, partially offset by a lower operating margin rate. Operating margin rate decreased to 10.0 percent from 10.2 percent, primarily due to lower net EAC adjustments.

MISSION SYSTEMS

Mission Systems is a leader in advanced mission solutions and multifunction systems, primarily for the U.S. defense and intelligence community, and international customers. Major products and services include command, control, communications and computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems; radar, electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) and acoustic sensors; electronic warfare systems; advanced communications and network systems; advanced microelectronics; navigation and positioning sensors; maritime power, propulsion and payload launch systems; full spectrum cyber solutions; and intelligence processing systems.

Sales

2024 sales increased $504 million, or 5 percent, primarily due to higher volume on restricted advanced microelectronics and technology programs, increased marine systems sales due, in part, to the timing of materials, and higher Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar (G/ATOR) volume due to continued ramp-up on full-rate production (FRP) awards. These increases were partially offset by lower sales on restricted airborne radar programs and the Scalable Agile Beam Radar (SABR) program.

2024 operating income decreased $11 million, or 1 percent, due to a lower operating margin rate, partially offset by higher sales. Operating margin rate decreased to 14.0 percent from 14.8 percent primarily due to lower net EAC adjustments on certain airborne radar production programs due, in part, to production inefficiencies that have driven higher labor costs, as well as changes in contract mix toward more cost-type content. These decreases were partially offset by sales growth on higher margin advanced microelectronics programs.

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SPACE SYSTEMS

Space Systems is a leader in delivering end-to-end mission solutions through the design, development, integration, production and operation of space, missile defense, and launch systems for national security, civil government, commercial and international customers. Major products include satellites and spacecraft systems, subsystems, sensors and payloads; ground systems; missile defense systems and interceptors; and launch vehicles and related propulsion systems.

Sales

2024 sales decreased $142 million, or 1 percent, primarily due to wind-down of work on the restricted space and NGI programs, which reduced sales by $595 million. This reduction was partially offset by a $302 million increase on Space Development Agency (SDA) satellite programs and a $130 million increase on the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO) program.

2023 sales increased $1.3 billion, or 12 percent, primarily due to higher volume on restricted programs and ramp-up on development programs, including $333 million on the Next-Gen Polar program, $219 million on the NGI program, $119 million on the SDA Tranche 1 Tracking Layer program and $102 million on the SDA Tranche 2 Transport Layer program. These increases were partially offset by a $172 million decrease for CRS missions and a $109 million decrease on the HALO program.

2024 operating income increased $124 million, or 11 percent, primarily due to a higher operating margin rate. Operating margin rate increased to 10.7 percent from 9.5 percent primarily due to higher net EAC adjustments largely driven by the HALO program as previously disclosed.

2023 operating income increased $52 million, or 5 percent, due to higher sales, partially offset by a lower operating margin rate. Operating margin rate decreased to 9.5 percent from 10.2 percent primarily due to a prior year $96 million gain recognized in connection with a land exchange transaction, as well as lower net EAC adjustments driven by $100 million of unfavorable EAC adjustments on the HALO program in 2023. These decreases were partially offset by a $42 million benefit from insurance recoveries in our commercial space business during 2023.

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