NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORP DE

Basis of Presentation

The company is aligned in four operating sectors, which also comprise our reportable segments: Aeronautics Systems, Defense Systems, Mission Systems and Space Systems.

This section discusses segment sales, operating income and operating margin rates. In evaluating segment operating performance, we look primarily at changes in sales and operating income. Where applicable, significant fluctuations in operating performance attributable to individual contracts or programs, or changes in a specific cost element across multiple contracts, are described in our analysis. Based on this approach and the nature of our operations, the

-21- discussion of results of operations below first focuses on our four segments before distinguishing between products and services. Changes in sales are generally described in terms of volume, while changes in margin rates are generally described in terms of performance and/or contract mix. For purposes of this discussion, volume generally refers to increases or decreases in sales or cost from production/service activity levels and performance generally refers to non-volume related changes in profitability. Contract mix generally refers to changes in the ratio of contract type and/or lifecycle (e.g., cost-type, fixed-price, development, production, and/or sustainment).

Segment Operating Income and Margin Rate

Segment operating income, as reconciled in the table below, and segment operating margin rate (segment operating income divided by sales) are non-GAAP measures that reflect the combined operating income of our four segments less the operating income associated with intersegment sales. Segment operating income includes pension expense allocated to our sectors under FAR and CAS and excludes FAS pension service expense and unallocated corporate items (certain corporate-level expenses, which are not considered allowable or allocable under applicable FAR and CAS requirements, and costs not considered part of management’s evaluation of segment operating performance). These non-GAAP measures may be useful to investors and other users of our financial statements as supplemental measures in evaluating the financial performance and operational trends of our sectors. These measures may not be defined and calculated by other companies in the same manner and should not be considered in isolation or as alternatives to operating results presented in accordance with GAAP.

First quarter 2024 segment operating income increased $102 million, or 10 percent, primarily due to higher sales. Segment operating margin rate increased to 10.9 percent and reflects higher operating margin rates at Aeronautics Systems, Defense Systems and Mission Systems, partially offset by a lower operating margin rate at Space Systems.

FAS/CAS Operating Adjustment

First quarter 2024 FAS/CAS operating adjustment reflects higher CAS pension expense largely driven by plan asset returns in prior years and changes in certain CAS actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2023.

Unallocated Corporate Expense

The increase in unallocated corporate expense is primarily due to changes in deferred state taxes largely related to the deferral of research credits under IRC Section 174.

Net EAC Adjustments - We record changes in estimated contract earnings at completion (net EAC adjustments) using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. Net EAC adjustments can have a significant effect on segment operating income; the aggregate amounts are presented in the table below:

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Net EAC adjustments by segment are presented in the table below:

For purposes of the discussion in the remainder of this Segment Operating Results section, references to operating income and operating margin rate reflect segment operating income and segment operating margin rate, respectively.

Sales

First quarter 2024 sales increased $454 million, or 18 percent, primarily due to higher volume on restricted programs, a $114 million increase on the F-35 program driven by higher volume on sustainment and production contracts, and higher volume on the E-2, Triton and Global Hawk programs. The increases on F-35 and restricted programs are due, in part, to material timing in the first quarter.

First quarter 2024 operating income increased $60 million, or 25 percent, due to higher sales and a higher operating margin rate. Operating margin rate increased to 10.0 percent from 9.4 percent principally due to higher net EAC adjustments largely driven by improved performance and cost efficiencies on certain production programs, including F-35 and F/A-18, which more than offset sales growth on a low margin restricted program.

Sales

First quarter 2024 sales increased $36 million, or 3 percent, primarily due to ramp-up on the Stand-in Attack Weapon (SiAW) program and higher volume on Guided Multiple Launch Rocket Systems (GMLRS) and certain military ammunition and cannon systems programs, partially offset by lower volume due to the completion of an international training program.

First quarter 2024 operating income increased $17 million, or 11 percent, due to a higher operating margin rate and higher sales. Operating margin rate increased to 12.5 percent from 11.6 percent principally due to improved performance driven by changes in contract mix and cost efficiencies.

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Sales

First quarter 2024 sales increased $96 million, or 4 percent, primarily due to higher restricted sales on advanced microelectronics programs, partially offset by lower sales on the Scalable Agile Beam Radar (SABR) program.

First quarter 2024 operating income increased $18 million, or 5 percent, due to higher sales and a higher operating margin rate. Operating margin rate increased to 14.2 percent from 14.0 percent, primarily due to sales growth on higher margin advanced microelectronics programs and a prior year loss related to an unconsolidated joint venture. These benefits were partially offset by lower net EAC adjustments on certain radar production programs.

Sales

First quarter 2024 sales increased $305 million, or 9 percent, primarily due to a $117 million increase on the Space Development Agency (SDA) Tranche 2 Transport Layer (T2TL) programs and higher volume on restricted programs, Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) missions, hypersonics programs and the Glide Phase Interceptor (GPI) program. These increases were partially offset by lower volume on the Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) program.

First quarter 2024 operating income increased $19 million, or 6 percent, due to higher sales, partially offset by a lower operating margin rate. Operating margin rate decreased to 9.1 percent from 9.3 percent principally due to a prior year benefit from the sale of a license to a customer, partially offset by an improvement in net EAC adjustments.

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