ATLANTIC CITY ELECTRIC CO

2. Regulatory Matters (All Registrants)

As discussed in Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the 2024 Form 10-K, the Registrants are involved in rate and regulatory proceedings at FERC and their state commissions. The following discusses developments in 2025 and updates to the 2024 Form 10-K.

Distribution Base Rate Case Proceedings

The following tables show the completed and pending distribution base rate case proceedings in 2025.

Completed Distribution Base Rate Case Proceedings

(a)Reflects a four-year cumulative multi-year rate plan for January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2027. The MRP was originally approved by the ICC on December 14, 2023 and was subsequently amended on January 10, 2024, April 18, 2024 and December 19, 2024. The December 19, 2024 order provided a total revenue requirement increase of $1.045 billion inclusive of rate increases of approximately $752 million in 2024, $80 million in 2025, $102 million in 2026, and $111 million in 2027. On March 20, 2025, ComEd filed its annual revenue balancing reconciliation for 2024. This reconciliation, which is a component of revenue decoupling, reflected a revenue reduction of $55 million, effective January 1, 2026. On April 29, 2025, ComEd filed its 2024 MRP Reconciliation reflecting a revenue increase of $268 million, which includes the tax benefit of NOLCs. While NOLCs were included in the MRP Reconciliation, the impacts of the NOLCs will not be reflected in the financial statements until the PLR is received from the IRS. See Note 6 — Income Taxes for additional information on NOLCs.

(b)On October 31, 2024, the Delivery Reconciliation Amount for 2023 defined in Rider Delivery Service Pricing Reconciliation (Rider DSPR) was approved. Rider DSPR allows for the reconciliation of the revenue requirement in effect in the final years in which formula rates are determined and until such time as new rates are established under ComEd's approved MRP. The 2024 order reconciled the delivery service rates in effect in 2023 with the actual delivery service costs incurred in 2023. The reconciliation revenue requirement provides for a weighted average debt and equity return on distribution rate base of 7.02%, inclusive of an allowed ROE of 9.89%, reflecting the monthly yields on 30-year treasury bonds plus 580 basis points.

(c)PECO’s approved annual electric revenue requirement increase of $354 million is partially offset by a one-time credit of $64 million in 2025. In addition, the PAPUC approved the recovery of storm damage costs incurred by PECO in January 2024, up to $23 million, subject to review for reasonableness and prudency in PECO’s next distribution rate case.

(d)On December 12, 2024, the PAPUC issued their Opinions and Orders which approved the non-unanimous partial settlements with limited modifications for both the electric and natural gas base rate cases, and denied the Weather Normalization Adjustment requested in the natural gas base rate case.

(e)The PECO electric and natural gas base rate case proceedings were resolved through settlement agreements, which did not specify an approved ROE.

(f)Reflects a three-year cumulative multi-year plan for January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2026. The MDPSC awarded BGE electric revenue requirement increases of $41 million, $113 million, and $25 million in 2024, 2025, and 2026, respectively, and natural gas revenue requirement increases of $126 million, $62 million, and $41 million in 2024, 2025, and 2026, respectively. Requested revenue requirement increases will be used to recover capital investments designed to increase the resilience of the electric and gas distribution systems and support Maryland's climate and regulatory initiatives. The MDPSC also approved a portion of the requested 2021 and 2022 reconciliation amounts, which was recovered through separate electric and gas riders between March 2024 through February 2025. As such, the reconciliation amounts are not included in the approved revenue requirement increases. The 2021 reconciliation amounts are $13 million and $7 million for electric and gas, respectively, and the 2022 reconciliation amounts are $39 million and $15 million for electric and gas, respectively. In April 2024, BGE filed with the MDPSC its request for recovery of the 2023 reconciliation amounts of $79 million and $73 million for electric and gas, respectively, with supporting testimony and schedules.

(g)Reflects a two-year cumulative multi-year plan for January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2026. The DCPSC awarded Pepco electric incremental revenue requirement increases of $99 million and $24 million for 2025 and 2026, respectively.

(h)Reflects the amounts requested (before offsets) and awarded for a one-year multi-year plan for April 1, 2024 through March 31, 2025. The MDPSC awarded Pepco an electric incremental revenue requirement increase of $45 million for the 12-month period ending March 31, 2025. The MDPSC did not adopt the requested revenue requirement increases of $80 million (before offsets), $51 million, and $14 million as filed for 2025, 2026, and the 2027 nine-month extension period, respectively. The MDPSC also approved the requested reconciliation amounts for the 12-month periods ending March 31, 2022, and March 31, 2023, which will be recovered through a rider between August 2024 through March 2026. As such, the reconciliation amounts are not included in the approved revenue requirement increases. The reconciliation amounts are $1 million and $7 million, for the 12-month periods ending March 31, 2022, and March 31, 2023, respectively. In July 2024, Pepco filed its request with the MDPSC for recovery of $31 million for the 12-month period ended March 31, 2024, with supporting testimony and schedules.

(i)Reflects a three-year cumulative multi-year plan for January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2025. The MDPSC awarded DPL electric incremental revenue requirement increases of $17 million, $6 million, and $6 million for 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively.

(j)On April 18, 2024, the DEPSC approved the Significant Storm Expense Rate Rider (Rider SSER) which will allow DPL to recover expenses associated with qualified storms. A qualified storm will be an individual storm for which DPL incurs expenses between $5 million and $15 million. The Rider SSER allows DPL to recover significant storm damage expenses for the previous 12-month period over a future 24-month period. For individual storm events for which DPL incurs expenses of more than $15 million, the future recovery period will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and the unamortized balance will earn a return at DPL's authorized long-term cost of debt. The Rider SSER will have an annual true-up filing, subject to DEPSC review and approval.

(k)Requested and approved increases are before New Jersey sales and use tax. The NJBPU awarded ACE electric revenue requirement increases of $36 million and $9 million effective December 1, 2023 and February 1, 2024, respectively.

Pending Distribution Base Rate Case Proceedings

(a)DPL implemented interim rates on April 20, 2025, subject to refund.

(b)Requested increases are before New Jersey sales and use tax. ACE may implement interim rates, subject to refund.

Transmission Formula Rates

The Utility Registrants' transmission rates are each established based on a FERC-approved formula. ComEd, BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE are required to file an annual update to the FERC-approved formula on or before May 15, and PECO is required to file on or before May 31, with the resulting rates effective on June 1 of the same year. The annual update for ComEd is based on prior year actual costs and current year projected capital additions (initial year revenue requirement). The update for ComEd also reconciles any differences between the revenue requirement in effect beginning June 1 of the prior year and actual costs incurred for that year (annual reconciliation). The annual update for PECO is based on prior year actual costs and current year projected capital additions, accumulated depreciation, and accumulated deferred income taxes. The annual update for BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE is based on prior year actual costs and current year projected capital additions, accumulated depreciation, depreciation and amortization expense, and accumulated deferred income taxes. The update for PECO, BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE also reconciles any differences between the actual costs and actual revenues for the calendar year (annual reconciliation).

For 2025, the following increases/(decreases) were included in the Utility Registrants' electric transmission formula rate updates:

(a)All rates are effective June 1, 2025 - May 31, 2026, subject to review by interested parties pursuant to review protocols of each Utility Registrants' tariffs.

(b)For the Utility Registrants, except for PECO, while the transmission filing reflects the tax benefit of NOLCs, the impacts of the NOLCs will not be reflected in the financial statements until the PLR is received from the IRS. See Note 6 — Income Taxes for additional information on NOLCs.

(c)Represents the weighted average debt and equity return on transmission rate base.

(d)The rate of return on common equity for each Utility Registrant includes a 50-basis-point incentive adder for being a member of an RTO.

(e)The increase in BGE's transmission revenue requirement includes a $7 million reduction related to a FERC-approved dedicated facilities charge to recover the costs of providing transmission service to specifically designated load by BGE.

Other State Regulatory Matters

Illinois Regulatory Matters

CEJA (Exelon and ComEd). On September 15, 2021, the Governor of Illinois signed into law CEJA. CEJA includes, among other features, (1) procurement of CMCs from qualifying nuclear-powered generating facilities, (2) a requirement to file a general rate case or a new four-year MRP no later than January 20, 2023 to establish rates effective after ComEd’s existing performance-based distribution formula rate sunsets, (3) requirements that ComEd and the ICC initiate and conduct various regulatory proceedings on subjects including ethics, spending, grid investments, and performance metrics.

ComEd Electric Distribution Rates

Beginning in 2024, ComEd recovers from retail customers, subject to certain exceptions, the costs it incurs to provide electric delivery services either through its electric distribution rate or other recovery mechanisms authorized by CEJA. On January 17, 2023, ComEd filed a petition with the ICC seeking approval of a MRP for 2024-2027. The MRP supports a multi-year grid plan (Grid Plan), also filed on January 17, covering planned investments on the electric distribution system within ComEd’s service area through 2027. Costs incurred during each year of the MRP are subject to ICC review and the plan’s revenue requirement for each year will be reconciled with the actual costs that the ICC determines are prudently and reasonably incurred for that year. The reconciliation is subject to adjustment for certain costs, including a limitation on recovery of costs that are more than 105% of certain costs in the previously approved MRP revenue requirement, absent a modification of the rate plan itself. Thus, for example, the rate adjustments necessary to reconcile 2024 revenues to ComEd’s actual 2024 costs incurred would take effect in January 2026 after the ICC’s review during 2025.

On December 14, 2023, the ICC issued a final order. The ICC rejected ComEd’s Grid Plan as non-compliant with certain requirements of CEJA and required ComEd to file a revised Grid Plan. In the absence of an approved Grid Plan, the ICC set ComEd’s forecast revenue requirements for 2024-2027 based on ComEd's approved year-end 2022 rate base. This resulted in a total cumulative revenue requirement increase of $501 million, a $986 million total revenue reduction from the requested cumulative revenue requirement increase but remained subject to annual reconciliation in accordance with CEJA. The final order approved the process and formulas associated with the MRP reconciliation mechanisms. The ICC's December 2023 order also denied ComEd's ability to earn a return on its pension asset.

On December 22, 2023, ComEd filed an application for rehearing on several findings in the final order including the use of the 2022 year-end rate base to establish forecast revenue requirements for 2024-2027, ROE, pension asset return, and capital structure. On January 10, 2024, ComEd’s application for rehearing was denied on all issues except for the order’s use of the 2022 year-end rate base. On April 18, 2024, the ICC issued its final order on rehearing, which approved the use of the forecasted year-end 2023 rate base that resulted in increased revenue requirements for 2024-2027. These revenue requirements determined during the rehearing process established base revenue requirements until the ICC approved the Refiled Grid Plan on December 19, 2024.

On January 10, 2024, ComEd filed an appeal in the Illinois Appellate Court of the issues on which rehearing was denied, including but not limited to the allowed ROE,50% equity ratio, and denial of a return on ComEd’s pension asset. There is no deadline by when the appellate court must rule. On March 13, 2024, ComEd filed its Refiled Grid Plan with supporting testimony and schedules with the ICC and subsequently on March 15, 2024, ComEd also filed a petition to adjust its MRP to authorize increased rates consistent with the Refiled Grid Plan. On December 19, 2024, the ICC approved the Refiled Grid Plan and adjusted the approved MRP with rates effective on January 1, 2025. The final approved MRP, as adjusted, which reflects the Refiled Grid Plan, resulted in a total cumulative revenue requirement increase of $1.045 billion over the 2024-2027 plan years and remains subject to annual reconciliations in accordance with CEJA. ComEd filed timely requests for rehearing and an appeal of the MRP order, again limited to the issues on which rehearing of the December 2023 order was denied, including the allowed ROE,50% equity ratio, and denial of a return on ComEd's pension asset.

In January 2022, ComEd filed a request with the ICC proposing performance metrics that would be used in determining ROE incentives and penalties in the event ComEd filed a MRP in January 2023. On September 27, 2022, the ICC issued a final order approving seven performance metrics that provide symmetrical performance adjustments of 32 total basis points to ComEd’s rate of return on common equity based on the extent to which ComEd achieves the annual performance goals. On November 10, 2022, the ICC granted ComEd's application for rehearing, in part. On April 5, 2023, the ICC issued its final order on rehearing for the performance and tracking metrics proceeding, in which the ICC declined to adopt ComEd's proposed modifications to the reliability and peak load reduction performance metrics.

Carbon Mitigation Credit

CEJA establishes decarbonization requirements for Illinois as well as programs to support the retention and development of emissions-free sources of electricity. ComEd is required to purchase CMCs from participating nuclear power generating facilities between June 1, 2022 and May 31, 2027. The price to be paid for each CMC was established through a competitive bidding process that included consumer-protection measures that capped the maximum acceptable bid amount and a formula that reduces CMC prices by an energy price index, the base residual auction capacity price in the ComEd zone of PJM, and the monetized value of any federal tax credit or other subsidy if applicable. As of September 30, 2025, the seller had not provided notification to ComEd or the IPA that any subsidies or tax credits, such as nuclear production tax credits that became available for electricity generated beginning January 1, 2024, have been monetized and the IPA has not adjusted the CMC price paid by ComEd. The consumer protection measures contained in CEJA will result in net payments to ComEd ratepayers if the energy index, the capacity price and applicable federal tax credits or subsidy exceed the CMC contract price. Beginning with the June 2022 monthly billing period, ComEd began issuing credits and/or charges to its retail customers under its CMC rider, the Rider Carbon-Free Resource Adjustment (Rider CFRA). A regulatory asset is recorded for the difference between ComEd's costs associated with the procurement of CMCs from participating nuclear power generating facilities and revenues received from customers. The balance as of September 30, 2025 is $94 million. On October 31, 2025, the seller provided notification to ComEd and the IPA that it has reflected on its 2024 federal income tax return $804 million of nuclear production tax credits associated with its participating nuclear power generating facilities. These amounts will be collected from the seller and returned to customers. In the fourth quarter of 2025, Exelon and ComEd’s Consolidated Balance Sheets will reflect these amounts as a receivable from the seller with an offsetting regulatory liability.

On February 2, 2024, ComEd filed a petition with the ICC to initiate the reconciliation proceeding for the costs incurred in connection with the procurement of CMC’s during the delivery year beginning June 1, 2022 and extending through May 31, 2023. While both Staff and the Administrative Law Judge's proposed order supported ComEd’s proposed reconciliation adjustment, on September 4, 2025, the ICC issued its final order rejecting the proposed reconciliation adjustment. Specifically, the order disallowed portions of the administrative costs as well as a portion of ComEd's interest costs on the balance of credit extended to customers under the applicable tariff that were not yet funded by payments from the generator. The CMC costs themselves were not disallowed. The order resulted in an immaterial impact to the financial statements and on October 3, 2025 ComEd filed its Application for Rehearing. On October 16, 2025, the ICC denied ComEd's Application. On October 17, 2025, ComEd filed its appeal with the Illinois Appellate Court for review of the ICC's order and its denial of rehearing.

Energy Efficiency

CEJA extends ComEd’s current cumulative annual energy efficiency MWh savings goals through 2040, adds expanded electrification measures to those goals, increases low-income commitments, and adds a new performance adjustment to the energy efficiency formula rate. ComEd expects its annual spend to increase through 2040 to achieve these energy efficiency MWh savings goals, which is deferred as a separate regulatory asset that is recovered through the energy efficiency formula rate over the weighted average useful life, as approved by the ICC, of the related energy efficiency measures.

Energy Efficiency Formula Rate (Exelon and ComEd). ComEd filed its annual energy efficiency formula rate update with the ICC on May 23, 2025. The revenue requirement is used to set the rates that will take effect in January 2026, subject to the ICC's review and approval. The requested revenue requirement update is based on a reconciliation of the 2024 actual costs plus projected 2026 expenditures.

(a)The requested revenue requirement increase provides for a weighted average debt and equity return on the energy efficiency regulatory asset and rate base of 7.24% inclusive of an allowed ROE of 10.21%, reflecting the monthly average yields for 30-year treasury bonds plus 580 basis points. For the 2024 reconciliation year, the requested revenue requirement provides for a weighted average debt and equity return on the energy efficiency regulatory asset and rate base of 7.51% inclusive of an allowed ROE of 10.75%, which includes an upward performance adjustment that increased the ROE. The performance adjustment can either increase or decrease the ROE based upon the achievement of energy efficiency savings goals.

Maryland Regulatory Matters

Next Generation Energy Act (Exelon, BGE, PHI, Pepco, and DPL). On May 20, 2025, the Governor of Maryland signed into law legislation that addresses several matters pertaining to electric and gas utilities, including affirming that the MDPSC may approve the use of multi-year rate plans that demonstrate customer benefits, among other things. It also prohibits utilities from filing after January 1, 2025, for the reconciliation of actuals costs and revenues to amounts approved within the multi-year plans. In the second quarter of 2025, BGE derecognized Regulatory assets of $10 million and Regulatory liabilities of $3 million for multi-year plan reconciliations that will no longer be filed. DPL also derecognized Regulatory liabilities of $0.4 million during the second quarter of 2025 for multi-year reconciliations yet to be filed. Multi-year plan reconciliations filed prior to January 1, 2025, remain lawful and will be resolved in their respective proceedings.

Summer Rate Mitigation (Exelon, BGE, PHI, Pepco, and DPL). As part of the passing of the Next Generation Energy Act by the Maryland General Assembly, the MDPSC issued an order on June 26, 2025, to implement the Legislative Energy Relief Refund program under which bill credits will be distributed to residential customers based on their consumption of electricity supply that is subject to the renewable energy portfolio standard. On July 24, 2025, the MDPSC issued an order accepting BGE, Pepco, and DPL's proposal for the implementation of the program. As a result, BGE, Pepco, and DPL received $49 million, $21 million, and $8 million, respectively, from the MDPSC on August 6, 2025. These amounts were used to reduce residential customer account receivable balances within the third quarter of 2025. An additional disbursement from the state of Maryland is expected in the first quarter of 2026, which will also be used to reduce residential customer receivables upon receipt.

New Jersey Regulatory Matters

Summer Rate Mitigation (Exelon and ACE). In response to significant increases in electric supply costs, on April 23, 2025, the NJBPU issued an order directing the State's electric public utilities to file petitions proposing distribution side measures to mitigate residential customer bill impacts during summer months. As a result, on June 18, 2025, the NJBPU approved a stipulation of settlement for ACE to issue a bill credit of $30 per residential customer for the months of July and August 2025, which was deferred to a Regulatory asset. The amounts will subsequently be collected from September 2025 through February 2026 at a flat rate of $10 per residential customer. The bill credit and subsequent collections will not be subject to carrying costs.

Residential Universal Bill Credit (Exelon and ACE). In an effort to further reduce the burden of increased electric supply costs, on August 13, 2025, the NJBPU issued an order to establish the RUBC, which will be funded by the NJBPU. The program will provide a $50 bill credit per eligible residential customer for the months of September and October 2025. ACE received $51 million from the NJBPU on September 25, 2025, which was recognized as a Regulatory liability. ACE subsequently issued $25 million in bill credits to residential customers in September 2025 reducing the Regulatory liability to $26 million as of September 30, 2025. The remaining funds were disbursed in October 2025.

Other Federal Regulatory Matters

FERC Audit (Exelon and ComEd). The Utility Registrants are subject to periodic audits and investigations by FERC. FERC’s Division of Audits and Accounting initiated a nonpublic audit of ComEd in April 2021 evaluating ComEd’s compliance with (1) approved terms, rates and conditions of its federally regulated service; (2) accounting requirements of the Uniform System of Accounts; (3) reporting requirements of the FERC Form 1; and (4) the requirements for record retention. The audit period extended back to January 1, 2017.

On July 27, 2023, FERC published a final audit report which included, among other things, findings and recommendations related to ComEd's methodology regarding the allocation of certain overhead costs to capitalized construction costs under FERC regulations, including a suggestion that refunds may be due to customers for amounts collected in previous years. ComEd responded to that report and on August 28, 2023, ComEd filed a formal notice of the issues it contested within the audit report. On December 14, 2023, FERC appointed a settlement judge for the contested overhead allocation findings and set the matter for a trial-type hearing. That hearing process was held in abeyance while a formal settlement process, which began in February 2024, took place.

On July 30, 2024, ComEd reached an agreement in principle on the contested overhead allocation finding. As a result of the settlement process, ComEd recorded a charge for the probable disallowance of $70 million of certain currently capitalized construction costs to operating expenses, which are not expected to be recovered in future rates. The existing loss estimate was reflected in Exelon and ComEd's financial statements as of December 31, 2024. ComEd and FERC staff jointly filed the settlement agreement with FERC for approval on February 11, 2025. The settlement was approved by FERC on April 4, 2025.

Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

The Utility Registrants' regulatory assets and liabilities have not changed materially since December 31, 2024, unless noted below. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the 2024 Form 10-K for additional information on the specific regulatory assets andliabilities.

ComEd. Regulatory assets decreased $370 million primarily due to a decrease of $453 million in the Electric distribution formula rate annual reconciliations, partially offset by an increase of $73 million in the Zero emission credit regulatory assets. Regulatory liabilities increased $644 million primarily due to an increase of $451 million in the Decommissioning the Regulatory Agreement Units and an increase of $193 million in Renewable portfolio standards costs regulatory liabilities.

PECO. Regulatory assets increased $229 million primarily due to an increase of $184 million in the Deferred income taxes regulatory asset and an increase of $53 million in the Deferred storm cost regulatory asset. Regulatory liabilities increased $212 million primarily due to an increase of $181 million in the Decommissioning the Regulatory Agreement Units and an increase of $44 million in the Electric energy and natural gas costs regulatory liabilities.

BGE. Regulatory liabilities decreased $28 million primarily due to a decrease of $41 million in the Deferred income taxes regulatory liability, partially offset by an increase of $10 million in the Transmission formula rate annual reconciliations regulatory liability.

Pepco. Regulatory liabilities decreased $39 million primarily due to a decrease of $37 million in the Deferred income taxes regulatory liability.

DPL. Regulatory assets increased $6 million primarily due to an increase of $16 million in the Electric energy and natural gas costs regulatory asset, partially offset by a decrease of $8 million in the Transmission formula rate annual reconciliations regulatory asset.

ACE. Regulatory assets increased $17 million primarily due to an increase of $26 million in the Summer rate mitigation regulatory asset. Regulatory liabilities increased $48 million primarily due to an increase of $26 million in the RUBC regulatory liability, an increase of $12 million in the Transmission formula rate annual reconciliations regulatory liability, and an increase of $6 million in the Electric energy and natural gas costs regulatory liability.

Capitalized Ratemaking Amounts Not Recognized

The following table presents authorized amounts capitalized for ratemaking purposes related to earnings on shareholders' investment that are not recognized for financial reporting purposes in the Registrants' Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts will be recognized as revenues in the related Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income in the periods they are billable to the Utility Registrants' customers. PECO hadno related amounts at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(a)Reflects ComEd's unrecognized equity returns earned for ratemaking purposes on its electric distribution rates and formula rates regulatory assets.

(b)BGE's amount capitalized for ratemaking purposes primarily relates to earnings on shareholders' investment on AMI programs and investments in rate base included in the multi-year plan reconciliations.

(c)Pepco's authorized amounts capitalized for ratemaking purposes relate to earnings on shareholders' investment on AMI programs, Energy efficiency and demand response programs, investments in rate base and revenues included in the multi-year plan reconciliations, and a portion of Pepco District of Columbia's revenue decoupling.

(d)DPL's authorized amounts capitalized for ratemaking purposes relate to earnings on shareholders' investment on AMI programs and Energy efficiency and demand response programs.

(e)ACE's authorized amounts capitalized for ratemaking purposes primarily relate to earnings on shareholders' investment on AMI programs.