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INTERNATIONAL BANCSHARES CORP

For the period ended Sep 30, 2026. Filed Nov 5, 2026.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Sep 30, 2026 · Filed Nov 5, 2026

IBOC$67.60-1.0%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
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Item 1. Financial Statements

Consolidated Statements of Condition (Unaudited)

​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · September 30, · ​ · December 31, · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025
Assets​​​​​​​
Cash and cash equivalents​$759,027​$536,487​
Investment securities:​​​​​​​
Held to maturity debt securities (Market value of $4,400 on September 30, 2026 and $4,400 on December 31, 2025)​4,400​4,400​
Available for sale debt securities (Amortized cost of $5,635,381 on September 30, 2026 and $5,281,090 on December 31, 2025)​​5,149,358​4,966,268​
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values​​5,326​​5,573​
Total investment securities​5,159,084​4,976,241​
Loans​9,784,037​9,460,422​
Less allowance for credit losses​(169,956)​(159,174)​
Net loans​9,614,081​9,301,248​
Bank premises and equipment, net​418,374​422,993​
Accrued interest receivable​82,951​72,430​
Other investments​383,787​448,327​
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies​​314,584​​309,627​
Goodwill​282,532​282,532​
Other assets​273,085​226,450​
Total assets​$17,287,505​$16,576,335​

Consolidated Statements of Condition, continued (Unaudited)

​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · September 30, · ​ · December 31, · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity​​​​​​​
Liabilities:​​​​​​​
Deposits:​​​​​​​
Demand—non-interest bearing​$4,482,252​$4,486,208​
Savings and interest bearing demand​5,095,895​4,748,978​
Time​3,305,499​3,201,320​
Total deposits​12,883,646​12,436,506​
Securities sold under repurchase agreements​656,199​585,544​
Other borrowed funds​40,171​10,332​
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures​108,868​108,868​
Other liabilities​259,140​183,447​
Total liabilities​13,948,024​13,324,697​
Shareholders’ equity:​​​​​​​
Common shares of $1.00 par value. Authorized 275,000,000 shares; issued 96,690,806 shares on September 30, 2026 and 96,658,794 shares on December 31, 2025​96,691​96,659​
Surplus​161,982​160,861​
Retained earnings​3,903,087​3,681,408​
Accumulated other comprehensive loss​(380,632)​(246,316)​
​​3,781,128​3,692,612​
Less cost of shares in treasury, 34,499,692 shares on September 30, 2026 and 34,490,048 on December 31, 2025​(441,647)​(440,974)​
Total shareholders’ equity​3,339,481​3,251,638​
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity​$17,287,505​$16,576,335​

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, except per share data)

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Three Months Ended · ​ · Nine Months Ended · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · September 30, · ​ · September 30, · ​
​ · ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​ ​ ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​
Interest income:​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Loans, including fees​$173,780​$179,055​$515,201​$523,194​
Investment securities:​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Taxable​​44,205​​41,472​126,760​​123,805​
Tax-exempt​1,374​​1,503​4,140​​4,544​
Other interest income​6,533​​4,748​14,806​​10,841​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total interest income​225,892​​226,778​660,907​​662,384​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Interest expense:​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Savings deposits​20,283​​21,486​57,202​​63,254​
Time deposits​24,390​​26,118​73,602​​76,768​
Securities sold under repurchase agreements​4,821​​5,115​13,804​​14,059​
Other borrowings​360​​118​494​​2,263​
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures​1,552​​1,710​4,586​​5,093​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total interest expense​51,406​​54,547​149,688​​161,437​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net interest income​​174,486​​172,231​511,219​​500,947​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Credit loss expense​1,625​​1,827​15,754​​9,554​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net interest income after provision for credit losses​172,861​​170,404​495,465​​491,393​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Non-interest income:​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Service charges on deposit accounts​20,520​​19,239​58,448​​54,894​
Other service charges, commissions and fees​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Banking​14,521​​14,872​43,513​​43,876​
Non-banking​2,424​​2,423​7,224​​7,408​
Investment securities transactions, net​—​​(1)​—​​(1)​
Other investments income, net​11,742​​3,645​16,217​​2,735​
Other income​5,206​​5,673​15,557​​14,606​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total non-interest income​$54,413​$45,851​$140,959​$123,518​

Consolidated Statements of Income, continued (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, except per share data)

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Three Months Ended · ​ · Nine Months Ended · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · September 30, · ​ · September 30, · ​
​ · ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​ ​ ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​
Non-interest expense:​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Employee compensation and benefits​$38,658​$37,613​$118,717​$114,475​
Occupancy​7,784​7,986​21,343​21,662​
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment​6,181​5,697​18,582​16,796​
Professional fees​4,069​4,647​11,055​12,292​
Deposit insurance assessments​1,880​1,797​5,554​5,330​
Net operations, other real estate owned​258​1,546​681​2,912​
Advertising​1,638​1,724​5,033​5,177​
Software and software maintenance​​5,670​​5,657​​17,198​​16,788​
Other​16,509​13,096​43,137​35,907​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total non-interest expense​82,647​79,763​241,300​231,339​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Income before income taxes​​144,627​136,492​395,124​383,572​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Provision for income taxes​30,154​28,117​82,653​78,163​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net income​$114,473​$108,375​$312,471​$305,409​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Basic earnings per common share:​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Weighted average number of shares outstanding​62,192,959​62,157,827​62,184,190​62,174,048​
Net income per common share​$1.84​$1.74​$5.02​$4.91​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Fully diluted earnings per common share:​​​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Weighted average number of shares outstanding​62,263,192​62,245,032​​62,257,703​​62,260,725​
Net income per common share​$1.84​$1.74​$5.02​$4.91​

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Three Months Ended · ​ · Nine Months Ended · ​ · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · September 30, · ​ · September 30, · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​ ​ ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​ · ​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net income​$114,473​$108,375​$312,471​$305,409​​
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net change in unrealized holding (losses) gains on securities available for sale arising during period (net of tax effects of $(27,845), $10,739, $(35,704) and $30,826)​(104,752)​40,399​(134,316)​115,964​​
Reclassification adjustment for losses on securities available for sale included in net income (net of tax effects of $0, $0, $0 and $0)​—​1​—​​1​​
​​(104,752)​40,400​(134,316)​115,965​​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Comprehensive income​$9,721​$148,775​$178,155​$421,374​​

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025

(in Thousands, except per share amounts)

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ ​ · ​ · Number · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · of · ​ · Common · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Retained · ​ · Comprehensive · ​ · Treasury · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · Shares · ​ · Stock · ​ · Surplus · ​ · Earnings · ​ · Income (Loss) · ​ · Stock · ​ · Total
Balance at June 30, 2026​​96,680​$96,680​$161,619​$3,834,016​$(275,880)​$(441,131)​$3,375,304
Net income​​—​​—​​—​​114,473​​—​​—​​114,473
Dividends:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Cash ($.73 per share)​​—​​—​​—​​(45,402)​​—​​—​​(45,402)
Purchase of treasury stock (7,500 shares)​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​(516)​​(516)
Exercise of stock options​​11​​11​​350​​—​​—​​—​​361
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings​​—​​—​​13​​—​​—​​—​​13
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments​​—​​—​​—​​—​​(104,752)​​—​​(104,752)
Balance at September 30, 2026​​96,691​$96,691​$161,982​$3,903,087​$(380,632)​$(441,647)​$3,339,481
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ ​ · ​ · Number · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · of · ​ · Common · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Retained · ​ · Comprehensive · ​ · Treasury · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · Shares · ​ · Stock · ​ · Surplus · ​ · Earnings · ​ · Income (Loss) · ​ · Stock · ​ · Total
Balance at June 30, 2025​​96,640​$96,640​$160,169​$3,509,661​$(303,489)​$(440,912)​$3,022,069
Net income​​—​​—​​—​​108,375​​—​​—​​108,375
Dividends:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Cash ($.70 per share)​​—​​—​​—​​(43,511)​​—​​—​​(43,511)
Exercise of stock options​​13​​13​​442​​—​​—​​—​​455
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings​​—​​—​​20​​—​​—​​—​​20
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments​​—​​—​​—​​—​​40,400​​—​​40,400
Balance at September 30, 2025​​96,653​$96,653​$160,631​$3,574,525​$(263,089)​$(440,912)​$3,127,808
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ ​ · ​ · Number · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · of · ​ · Common · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Retained · ​ · Comprehensive · ​ · Treasury · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · Shares · ​ · Stock · ​ · Surplus · ​ · Earnings · ​ · Income (Loss) · ​ · Stock · ​ · Total
Balance at December 31, 2025​​96,659​$96,659​$160,861​$3,681,408​$(246,316)​$(440,974)​$3,251,638
Net income​​—​​—​​—​​312,471​​—​​—​​312,471
Dividends:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Cash ($1.46 per share)​​—​​—​​—​​(90,792)​​—​​—​​(90,792)
Purchase of treasury stock (9,644 shares)​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​(673)​​(673)
Exercise of stock options​​32​​32​​1,074​​—​​—​​—​​1,106
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings​​—​​—​​47​​—​​—​​—​​47
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net change in unrealized losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments​​—​​—​​—​​—​​(134,316)​​—​​(134,316)
Balance at September 30, 2026​​96,691​$96,691​$161,982​$3,903,087​$(380,632)​$(441,647)​$3,339,481
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ ​ · ​ · Number · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · of · ​ · Common · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Retained · ​ · Comprehensive · ​ · Treasury · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · Shares · ​ · Stock · ​ · Surplus · ​ · Earnings · ​ · Income (Loss) · ​ · Stock · ​ · Total
Balance at December 31, 2024​​96,617​$96,617​$159,333​$3,356,177​$(379,054)​$(436,366)​$2,796,707
Net income​​—​​—​​—​​305,409​​—​​—​​305,409
Dividends:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Cash ($1.40 per share)​​—​​—​​—​​(87,061)​​—​​—​​(87,061)
Purchase of treasury stock (81,532 shares)​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​(4,546)​​(4,546)
Exercise of stock options​​36​​36​​1,212​​—​​—​​—​​1,248
Stock compensation expense recognized in earnings​​—​​—​​86​​—​​—​​—​​86
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments​​—​​—​​—​​—​​115,965​​—​​115,965
Balance at September 30, 2025​​96,653​$96,653​$160,631​$3,574,525​$(263,089)​$(440,912)​$3,127,808

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Nine Months Ended · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · September 30, · ​
​ · ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​
Operating activities:​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​
Net income​$312,471​$305,409​
​​​​​​​​
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:​​​​​​​
Credit loss expense​​15,754​​9,554​
Specific reserve, other real estate owned​​23​​1,275​
Depreciation of bank premises and equipment​18,582​​16,796​
Gain on sale of bank premises and equipment​(49)​​(21)​
(Gain) loss on sale of other real estate owned​(17)​​446​
Accretion of investment securities discounts​(5,071)​​(3,277)​
Amortization of investment securities premiums​2,754​​3,388​
Investment securities transactions, net​—​​1​
Unrealized loss (gain) on equity securities with readily determinable fair values​​247​​(152)​
Stock based compensation expense​47​​86​
Earnings from affiliates and other investments​(13,164)​​(2,276)​
Deferred tax expense​4,251​​4,599​
Increase in accrued interest receivable​(10,521)​​(5,288)​
Decrease in other assets​5,418​​19,349​
Increase in other liabilities​10,950​​1,224​
​​​​​​​​
Net cash provided by operating activities​341,675​​351,113​
​​​​​​​​
Investing activities:​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​
Proceeds from maturities of securities​​3,075​​1,325​
Proceeds from sales and calls of available for sale securities​​3,825​​15,490​
Purchases of available for sale securities​​(1,166,398)​​(535,924)​
Principal collected on mortgage backed securities​847,524​​674,726​
Net increase in loans​​(256,470)​​(603,275)​
Purchases of other investments​(31,025)​​(41,702)​
Distributions from other investments​34,806​​1,713​
Purchases of bank premises and equipment​(13,963)​​(14,176)​
Proceeds from sales of bank premises and equipment​49​​21​
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned​2,167​​4,970​
​​​​​​​​
Net cash used in investing activities​$(576,410)​$(496,832)​

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, continued (Unaudited)

​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Nine Months Ended · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · September 30, · ​
​ · ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​
Financing activities:​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​
Net decrease in non-interest bearing demand deposits​$(3,956)​$(33,431)​
Net increase in savings and interest bearing demand deposits​346,917​143,103​
Net increase in time deposits​104,179​234,174​
Net increase in securities sold under repurchase agreements​70,655​129,058​
Net increase (decrease) in other borrowed funds​29,839​(157)​
Purchase of treasury stock​(673)​(4,546)​
Proceeds from stock transactions​1,106​1,248​
Payments of cash dividends​(90,792)​(87,061)​
​​​​​​​​
Net cash provided by financing activities​457,275​382,388​
​​​​​​​​
Increase in cash and cash equivalents​​222,540​236,669​
​​​​​​​​
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period​536,487​352,652​
​​​​​​​​
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period​$759,027​$589,321​
​​​​​​​​
Supplemental cash flow information:​​​​​​​
Interest paid​$152,062​$164,217​
U.S. federal income taxes paid​​61,384​64,822​
Non-cash investing and financing activities:​​​​​​​
Purchases of available-for-sale securities not yet settled​$40,000​$—​
Net transfers from loans to other real estate owned​​383​​1,547​
Net transfers from other investments to loans​72,500​​—​

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As used in this report, the words “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to International Bancshares Corporation, a Texas corporation, its five wholly owned subsidiary banks, and other subsidiaries. The information that follows may contain forward-looking statements, which are qualified as indicated under “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Information” in Item 2 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) of this report. Our website address is www.ibc.com.

Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and to general practices within the banking industry. Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Bancshares Corporation, and ourfive wholly-owned bank subsidiaries, International Bank of Commerce, Laredo (“IBC”), Commerce Bank, International Bank of Commerce, Zapata, International Bank of Commerce, Brownsville, International Bank of Commerce, Oklahoma (the “Subsidiary Banks”) and oursix wholly-owned non-bank subsidiaries, IBC Trading Company, Premier Tierra Holdings, Inc., IBC Charitable and Community Development Corporation, IBC Capital Corporation, Diamond Beach Holdings, LLC and WCMH, LLC. Our consolidated financial statements are unaudited but include all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the periods presented. All such adjustments were of a normal and recurring nature. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto in our latest Annual Report to Shareholders on Form ARS for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2026 (our “2025 Annual Report”). Our consolidated statement of condition at December 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements.

We operate asone segment, banking. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is our chief executive officer. The operating information used by our CODM for purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions is the consolidated statements presented in this report. We have five active operating subsidiaries, the Subsidiary Banks. Our Subsidiary Banks offer all products and services on the same basis and on the same terms and operate in the same regulatory environment. We apply the provisions of ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” in determining our reportable segments and related disclosures.

In the third quarter of 2026, we reduced our ownership percentage in a merchant banking investment in accordance with regulatory requirements for merchant banking investments and their holding period. This resulted in a non-cash transaction of a partnership interest to an affiliate of $72,500,000 in exchange for a promissory note of the same amount, recorded in loans on the statement of financial condition and originated at market terms. No gain or loss was recognized on the transaction.

Note 2 — Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (“ASC 820”), defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in US GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to all financial instruments that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; it also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:

●Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
●Level 2 Inputs - Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
●Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or other valuation techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy is set forth below.

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2026 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Fair Value Measurements at · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Reporting Date Using · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · (in Thousands) · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Quoted · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Prices in · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Active · ​ · Significant · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Assets/Liabilities · ​ · Markets for · ​ · Other · ​ · Significant · ​
​ · ​ · Measured at · ​ · Identical · ​ · Observable · ​ · Unobservable · ​
​ · ​ · Fair Value · ​ · Assets · ​ · Inputs · ​ · Inputs · ​
​ · ​ · September 30, 2026 · ​ · (Level 1) · ​ · (Level 2) · ​ · (Level 3) · ​
Measured on a recurring basis: · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​
Assets: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Available for sale debt securities · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Residential mortgage-backed securities​$5,031,447​$—​$5,031,447​$—​
States and political subdivisions​117,911​—​117,911​—​
Equity Securities​5,326​5,326​​—​—​
​​$5,154,684​$5,326​$5,149,358​$—​

The following table represents assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Fair Value Measurements at · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Reporting Date Using · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · (in Thousands) · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Quoted · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Prices in · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Active · ​ · Significant · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​Assets/Liabilities​Markets for​Other​Significant​
​​Measured at​Identical​Observable​Unobservable​
​​Fair Value​Assets​Inputs​Inputs​
​​December 31, 2025​(Level 1)​(Level 2)​(Level 3)​
Measured on a recurring basis: · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​
Assets: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Available for sale securities · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Residential mortgage-backed securities​$4,830,588​$—​$4,830,588​$—​
States and political subdivisions​135,680​—​135,680​—​
Equity Securities​5,573​5,573​—​—​
​​$4,971,841​$5,573​$4,966,268​$—​

Available-for-sale securities are classified within Level 1 or 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified within Level 1. For debt investments classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, we obtain fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live

trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things.

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). Our policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of each reporting period, if applicable. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2026.

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended September 30, 2026 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Fair Value Measurements at Reporting · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Date Using · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · (in thousands) · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Quoted · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Assets/Liabilities · ​ · Prices in · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Measured at · ​ · Active · ​ · Significant · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Fair Value · ​ · Markets for · ​ · Other · ​ · Significant · ​ · Net
​ · ​ · Period ended · ​ · Identical · ​ · Observable · ​ · Unobservable · ​ · Provision
​ · ​ · September 30, · ​ · Assets · ​ · Inputs · ​ · Inputs · ​ · During
​ · ​ · 2026 · ​ · (Level 1) · ​ · (Level 2) · ​ · (Level 3) · ​ · Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis:​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​
Assets:​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Watch List—Doubtful loans​$74,849​$—​$—​$74,849​$12,890
Other real estate owned​​291​​—​​—​​291​​23

The following table represents financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of and for the period ended December 31, 2025 by level within the fair value measurement hierarchy:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Fair Value Measurements at Reporting · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Date Using · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · (in thousands) · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Quoted · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Assets/Liabilities · ​ · Prices in · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Measured at · ​ · Active · ​ · Significant · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​Fair Value​Markets​Other​Significant​Net
​​Year ended​for Identical​Observable​Unobservable​Provision
​​December 31,​Assets​Inputs​Inputs​During
​​2025​(Level 1)​(Level 2)​(Level 3)​Period
Measured on a non-recurring basis: · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · ​ ​ ​
Assets: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Watch List—Doubtful loans​$75,573​$—​$—​$75,573​$4,590
Other real estate owned​1,692​—​—​1,692​1,296

Our assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are limited to loans classified as Watch List—Doubtful and other real estate owned. The tabular disclosures above include only those loans or other real estate owned that had a change in the provision for credit loss during the reporting period or for which a new specific provision for credit loss was established during the reporting period. The fair value of Watch List—Doubtful loans is derived in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 326-10, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses - Overall”. They are primarily comprised of collateral-dependent commercial loans. As the primary sources of loan repayments decline, the secondary repayment source, the collateral, takes on greater significance. Correctly evaluating the fair value becomes even more important. Re-measurement of the loan to fair value is done through a specific valuation allowance included in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). The fair value of the loan is based on the fair value of the collateral, as determined through either an appraisal or internal evaluation process. The basis for our appraisal and appraisal review process are applicable regulatory guidelines, including regulatory appraisal laws and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, which are incorporated into our lending policy. All collateral dependent loans are evaluated in accordance with our lending policy to assess if a third-party appraisal is required to be obtained as part of our credit

underwriting and monitoring process. Collateral dependent loans that do not meet the requirements for a third-party appraisal are required to undergo an internal evaluation by our in-house independent appraisal staff.

Our determination to either seek an appraisal or to perform an internal evaluation is performed by our credit quality committee, which analyzes the existing collateral values of the doubtful loans and identifies obsolete appraisals or internal evaluations. The credit quality committee reviews the existing appraisal to determine if the collateral value is reasonable in view of the current use of the collateral and the economic environment related to the collateral. The ultimate decision on the appropriate action is made by our independent credit administration team. A new appraisal is not required if an internal evaluation, as performed by our in-house independent appraisal staff, is able to appropriately update the original appraisal assumptions to reflect current market conditions and provide an estimate of the collateral’s market value for analysis of the doubtful loan. The internal evaluations must be in writing and contain sufficient information detailing the analysis, assumptions and conclusions, and they must support performing an evaluation in lieu of ordering a new appraisal.

As of September 30, 2026, we had $336,766,000 of doubtful commercial collateral-dependent loans, of which $208,401,000 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding rolling twelve-month period, and of which $84,082,000 had an internal evaluation performed within the immediately preceding rolling twelve-month period. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $139,643,000 of doubtful commercial collateral-dependent loans, of which $0 had an appraisal performed within the immediately preceding rolling twelve-month period and of which $139,643,000 had an internal evaluation performed within the immediately preceding rolling twelve-month period.

Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired by foreclosure and deeds in lieu of foreclosure. Other real estate owned is carried at the lower of the recorded investment in the property or its fair value less estimated costs to sell such property (as determined by independent appraisal) within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Prior to foreclosure, the value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair value of the real estate to be acquired by a charge to the ACL, if necessary. The fair value is reviewed periodically, and subsequent write-downs are made through a charge to operations, accordingly. Other real estate owned is included in other assets on the consolidated financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, we recorded $237,000, $242,000 and $101,000, respectively, in charges to the ACL in connection with loans transferred to other real estate owned. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, we recorded $0, $23,000 and $1,296,000, respectively, in adjustments to fair value in connection with other real estate owned.

The fair value estimates, methods, and assumptions for our financial instruments at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are outlined below.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Time Deposits with Banks

The carrying amounts of time deposits with banks approximate fair value.

Investment Securities Held-to-Maturity

The carrying amounts of investments held-to-maturity approximate fair value.

Investment Securities

For investment securities, which include U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of other U.S. government agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions and mortgage pass-through and related securities, fair values are established by an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. See disclosures of fair value of investment securities in Note 6.

Loans

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type, such as commercial, real estate or consumer loans, as outlined by regulatory reporting guidelines. Each category is segmented into fixed and variable interest rate terms and by performing and non-performing categories.

For variable rate performing loans, the carrying amount approximates fair value. For fixed-rate performing loans, the fair value is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows using current interest rates at which similar loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of fixed rate performing loans was $1,128,822,000 and $1,200,539,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $1,073,918,000 and $1,166,537,000, respectively.

Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, savings accounts and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts, was equal to the amount payable on demand as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cashflows. The discount rate is based on currently offered rates. Time deposits are within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of time deposits was $3,305,499,000 and $3,201,320,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $3,303,959,000 and $3,196,649,000, respectively.

Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements

Securities sold under repurchase agreements are short-term maturities. Due to the contractual terms of the instruments, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

We currently have floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures outstanding. Due to the contractual terms of the floating-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Other Borrowed Funds

We currently have short- and long-term borrowings issued from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). Due to the contractual terms of the short-term borrowings, the carrying amounts approximated fair value at September 30, 2026. The long-term borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are fixed-rate borrowings, and the fair value is based on established market spreads for similar types of borrowings. The fixed rate long-term borrowings are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of the fixed rate long-term FHLB borrowings was$10,171,000 and $10,332,000, respectively, and the estimated fair value was $10,225,000 and $10,332,000, respectively.

Commitments to Extend Credit and Letters of Credit

Commitments to extend credit and fund letters of credit are principally at current interest rates, and, therefore, the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-statement of condition financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include the bank premises and equipment and core deposit value. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the effect of fair value estimates have not been considered in the above estimates.

Note 3 — Loans

A summary of loans, by loan type, at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is as follows:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​September 30,​December 31,​
​​2026​2025​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Commercial, financial and agricultural​ ​ ​$5,990,775​ ​ ​$5,603,505​
Real estate - mortgage​1,091,215​1,074,510​
Real estate - construction​2,279,623​2,338,593​
Consumer​50,686​51,003​
Foreign​371,738​392,811​
Total loans​$9,784,037​$9,460,422​

Note 4 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The estimation of the ACL is based on a loss-rate methodology that measures lifetime losses on loan pools that have similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not have similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. The segmentation of the loan portfolio into pools requires a balancing process between capturing similar risk characteristics and containing sufficient loss history to provide meaningful results. Our segmentation starts at the general loan category with further sub-segmentation based on collateral types that may be of meaningful size and/or may contain sufficient differences in risk characteristics based on management’s judgement that would warrant further segmentation. Risk management begins with a strong and conservative lending policy that specifies lending limits that are well below allowable regulatory limits, provides highly restrictive lending authority to lending officers, and promotes judicious lending terms and diversification. The general loan categories along with primary risk characteristics used in our calculation are as follows:

Commercial and industrial loans. This category primarily includes loans extended to a diverse array of businesses for working capital or equipment purchases. These loans are mostly secured by the collateral pledged by a borrower that is directly related to the business activities of the borrower’s company such as equipment, accounts receivable and inventory. The borrower’s abilities to generate revenues from equipment purchases, collect accounts receivable, and turn inventory into sales are risk factors in the repayment of the loan. A portion of this loan category is related to loans secured by oil and gas production and loans secured by aircraft.

Construction and land development loans. This category includes loans for the development of unimproved land to lot development for both residential and commercial use and vertical construction across residential and commercial real estate classes. These loans carry the risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of construction materials, encounter zoning, entitlement or environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. Risks specifically related to

1-4 family development loans also include mortgage rate risk and the practice by the mortgage industry of imposing more restrictive underwriting standards, which inhibits the buyer from obtaining long term financing, creating excessive housing and lot inventory in the market.

Commercial real estate loans. This category includes loans secured by farmland, multifamily properties, owner-occupied commercial properties, and non-owner-occupied commercial properties. Owner-occupied commercial properties include warehouses often along the U.S. border for import/export operations, office space where the borrower is the primary tenant, restaurants and other single-tenant retail spaces. Non-owner-occupied commercial properties include hotels, retail centers, office and professional buildings, and leased warehouses. These loans carry the risk of repayment when market values deteriorate, the business experiences turnover in key management, the business is unable to attract or maintain stable occupancy levels, or the market experiences an exit of a specific business type that is significant to the local economy, such as a manufacturing plant. Our primary risk management tool is internal monitoring measured against internal concentration limits that are significantly lower than regulatory thresholds and are segmented by low-risk and high-risk characteristics, such as the borrower’s equity, cash flow coverage, and non-amortizing versus amortizing status, further disaggregated by the length of time to pay in full. This monitoring is regularly reported to senior management and the board of directors. Risk management practices also extend to managing the borrower’s relationship with us and are designed to recognize degradation in the borrower’s ability to repay under established terms well before the borrower may default. Loan and deposit activity by the borrower is monitored on a frequent basis, which may prompt a change in risk classification. Once a loan is moved to a more severe risk classification, the loan performance, and when applicable, a plan by the borrower to rectify issues are monitored and reviewed at least quarterly. Additionally, our credit administration team, which is independent from the lending team, reviews a substantial portion of the commercial lending portfolio annually, which includes a significant portion of the commercial real estate loan portfolio given the current mix of loans in our portfolio. The table below summarizes the commercial real estate loan portfolio disaggregated by the type of real estate securing the credit as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · September 30, 2026 · ​ · December 31, 2025
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
​​ ​ ​​Amount​ ​ ​​Percent of Total​ ​ ​​Amount​ ​ ​​Percent of Total​
Commercial real estate:​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Multi-family​$1,076,677​​16.7%$684,793​​11.0%
Commercial real estate construction development​​981,750​​15.2​​1,166,576​​18.8​
Hotel​​843,872​13.1​​1,074,069​17.3​
Lot development: residential and commercial lots​732,892​11.4​618,209​10.0​
Retail multi-tenant​526,795​8.2​528,702​8.5​
Warehouse​513,169​8.0​453,359​7.3​
Office/Professional buildings​495,512​7.7​440,909​7.1​
Owner occupied real estate​​404,561​​6.3​​364,293​​5.9​
1 - 4 family construction​​402,246​​6.2​​398,320​​6.4​
Commercial leased properties​​323,393​​5.0​​339,397​​5.5​
Farmland​​139,911​​2.2​​137,728​​2.2​
Total commercial real estate​$6,440,778​​100.0%$6,206,355​​100.0%

*1-4 family mortgages.*This category includes both first and second lien mortgages for the purposes of home purchases or refinancing existing mortgage loans. A small portion of this loan category is related to home equity lines of credits, lots purchases, and home construction. Loan repayments may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate.

Consumer loans. This category includes deposit secured, vehicle secured, and unsecured loans, including overdrafts, made to individuals. Repayment is primarily affected by unemployment or underemployment.

The loan pools are further broken down using a risk-based segmentation based on internal classifications for commercial loans and past due status for consumer mortgage loans. Non-mortgage consumer loans are evaluated as one segment. On a weekly basis, commercial loan past due reports are reviewed by our credit quality committee to determine

if a loan has any potential problems and should be placed on our internal Watch List report. Additionally, our credit department reviews the majority of our loans for proper internal classification purposes regardless of whether they are past due and segregates any loans with potential problems for further review. The credit department will discuss the potential problem loans with the servicing loan officers to determine any relevant issues that were not discovered in the evaluation. Also, an analysis of loans that is provided through examinations by regulatory authorities is considered in the review process. After the above analysis is completed, we determine if a loan should be placed on our internal Watch List report because of issues related to the analysis of the credit, credit documents, collateral and/or payment history.

Our internal Watch List report is segregated into the following categories: (i) Pass, (ii) Economic Monitoring, (iii) Special Review, (iv) Watch List—Pass, (v) Watch List—Substandard, and (vi) Watch List—Doubtful. Loans placed in the Economic Monitoring or Special Review categories reflect our opinion that the loans have potential weaknesses that require monitoring on a more frequent basis. Credits in those categories are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. Loans placed in the Watch List—Pass category reflect our opinion that the credit contains weaknesses that represent a greater degree of risk, which warrants “extra attention.” Credits placed in this category are reviewed and discussed on a regular basis with the credit department and the lending staff to determine if a change in category is warranted. Loans placed in the Watch List—Substandard category are considered to be potentially inadequately protected by the current sound worth and debt service capacity of the borrower or of any pledged collateral. Those credit obligations, even if apparently protected by collateral value, have shown defined weaknesses related to adverse financial, managerial, economic, market, or political conditions, which may jeopardize repayment of principal and interest under contractual terms. Furthermore, there is a possibility that we may sustain some future loss if such weaknesses are not corrected. Loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category have shown defined weaknesses and reflect our belief that it is likely, based on current information and events, that we will be unable to collect all principal and/or interest amounts contractually due. Loans placed in the Watch List—Doubtful category are placed on non-accrual when they are moved to that category.

For the purposes of the ACL, in order to maintain segments with sufficient history for meaningful results, the credits in the Pass and Economic Monitoring categories are aggregated, the credits in the Special Review and Watch List—Pass category are aggregated, and the credits in the Watch List—Substandard category remain in their own segment. For loans classified as Watch List—Doubtful, management evaluates these credits in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 326-20, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost,” and, if deemed necessary, a specific reserve is allocated to the loan. The analysis of the specific reserve is based on a variety of factors, including the borrower’s ability to pay, the economic conditions impacting the borrower’s industry and any collateral deficiency. If it is a collateral-dependent loan, the net realizable fair value of collateral will be evaluated for any deficiencies. Substantially all of our loans evaluated as Watch List – Doubtful are measured using the fair value of collateral method. In rare cases, we may use other methods to determine the specific reserve of a loan if such loan is not collateral dependent.

Within each collectively evaluated pool, the robustness of the lifetime historical loss-rate is evaluated and, if needed, is supplemented with peer loss rates through a model risk adjustment. Certain qualitative loss factors are then evaluated to incorporate management’s two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by a reversion to the pool’s average lifetime loss-rate. Those qualitative loss factors are: (i) trends in portfolio volume and composition, (ii) volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies and non-accruals, (iii) concentration risk, (iv) trends in underlying collateral value, (v) changes in policies, procedures, and strategies, and (vi) economic conditions. Qualitative factors also include potential losses stemming from operational risk factors arising from fraud, natural disasters, pandemics, geopolitical events and large loans. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the ACL change, our estimate could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense.

We have elected to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable given our timely approach in identifying and writing off uncollectible accrued interest. An ACL for off-balance sheet exposure is derived from a projected usage rate of any unfunded commitment multiplied by the historical loss-rate, plus model risk adjustment, if any, of the on-balance sheet loan pools.

Our management continually reviews the ACL of the Subsidiary Banks using the amounts determined from the estimates established on specific doubtful loans, the estimate established on quantitative historical loss percentages, and the estimate based on qualitative current conditions and reasonable and supportable two-year forecasted data. Our methodology reverts to the average lifetime loss-rate beyond the forecast period when we can no longer develop reasonable

and supportable forecasts. Should any of the factors considered by management in evaluating the adequacy of the estimate for current expected credit losses change, our estimate of current expected credit losses could also change, which could affect the level of future credit loss expense. While the calculation of our ACL utilizes management’s best judgment and all information reasonably available, the adequacy of the ACL is dependent on a variety of factors beyond our control, including, among other things, the performance of the entire loan portfolio, the economy, government actions, changes in interest rates, and the view of regulatory authorities towards loan classifications.

A summary of the transactions in the allowance for credit loan losses by loan class is as follows:

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Three Months Ended September 30, 2026 · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Domestic · ​ · Foreign · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Construction & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Land · ​ · Farmland & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Development · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Multifamily · ​ · First Lien · ​ · Junior Lien · ​ · Consumer · ​ · Foreign · ​ · Total
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at June 30, 2026​$35,011​$48,563​$47,016​$18,355​$7,034​$8,929​$251​$4,855​$170,014
Losses charged to allowance​(1,954)​​—​​(47)​​—​​(165)​​(105)​​(121)​​—​(2,392)
Recoveries credited to allowance​634​​—​​8​​—​​—​​65​​2​​—​709
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance​(1,320)​—​(39)​—​(165)​(40)​(119)​—​(1,683)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Credit loss expense​3,197​​287​​(2,685)​​1,091​​312​​(192)​​114​​(499)​1,625
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at September 30, 2026​$36,888​$48,850​$44,292​$19,446​$7,181​$8,697​$246​$4,356​$169,956
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Domestic · ​ · Foreign · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Construction & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Land · ​ · Farmland & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Development · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Multifamily · ​ · First Lien · ​ · Junior Lien · ​ · Consumer · ​ · Foreign · ​ · Total
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at June 30, 2025​$28,414​$54,065​$46,660​$8,000​$6,242​$9,998​$273​$1,331​$154,983
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Losses charged to allowance​(1,968)​​—​​—​​—​​—​​(1)​​(56)​​—​(2,025)
Recoveries credited to allowance​625​​—​​71​​—​​9​​8​​8​​—​721
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance​(1,343)​—​71​—​9​7​(48)​—​(1,304)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Credit loss expense​1,585​​(7,019)​​3,471​​2,740​​210​​(185)​​46​​979​1,827
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at September 30, 2025​$28,656​$47,046​$50,202​$10,740​$6,461​$9,820​$271​$2,310​$155,506
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Domestic · ​ · Foreign · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Construction & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Land · ​ · Farmland & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Development · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Multifamily · ​ · First Lien · ​ · Junior Lien · ​ · Consumer · ​ · Foreign · ​ · Total
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at December 31, 2025​$27,929​$48,907​$46,413​$14,713​$6,725​$9,420​$279​$4,788​$159,174
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Losses charged to allowance​(6,189)​​—​​(47)​​—​​(369)​​(218)​​(264)​​—​(7,087)
Recoveries credited to allowance​1,853​​—​​8​​—​​142​​106​​6​​—​2,115
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance​(4,336)​—​(39)​—​(227)​(112)​(258)​—​(4,972)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Credit loss expense​13,295​​(57)​​(2,082)​​4,733​​683​​(611)​​225​​(432)​15,754
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at September 30, 2026​$36,888​$48,850​$44,292​$19,446​$7,181​$8,697​$246​$4,356​$169,956
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Domestic · ​ · Foreign · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Other · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Construction & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Commercial · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Land · ​ · Farmland & · ​ · Real Estate: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · Residential: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Development · ​ · Commercial · ​ · Multifamily · ​ · First Lien · ​ · Junior Lien · ​ · Consumer · ​ · Foreign · ​ · Total
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at December 31, 2024​$29,853​$60,639​$43,990​$4,869​$5,528​$10,031​$281​$1,346​$156,537
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Losses charged to allowance​(5,505)​​(8,121)​​—​​—​​(49)​​(203)​​(124)​​—​(14,002)
Recoveries credited to allowance​3,072​​—​​183​​—​​24​​124​​14​​—​3,417
Net (losses) recoveries charged to allowance​(2,433)​(8,121)​183​—​(25)​(79)​(110)​—​(10,585)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Credit loss expense​1,236​​(5,472)​​6,029​​5,871​​958​​(132)​​100​​964​9,554
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Balance at September 30, 2025​$28,656​$47,046​$50,202​$10,740​$6,461​$9,820​$271​$2,310​$155,506

The qualitative loss factors for the September 30, 2026 ACL remained the same as the prior period. The provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 increased as a result of a change in the level of non-accrual loan balances and the reevaluation of the specific provision for credit losses related to those loans. The change in the level of non-accrual loans can be primarily attributed to a relationship consisting of several loans secured by interests in affordable housing projects that were placed on non-accrual in the second quarter of 2026.

The tables below provide additional information on the balance of loans individually or collectively evaluated for impairment and their related allowance, by loan class, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · September 30, 2026 · ​
​ · ​ · Loans Individually · ​ · Loans Collectively · ​
​ · ​ · Evaluated For · ​ · Evaluated For · ​
​ · ​ · Impairment · ​ · Impairment · ​
​ · ​ · Recorded · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Recorded · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Investment · ​ · Allowance · ​ · Investment · ​ · Allowance · ​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Domestic​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Commercial​ ​ ​$240,548​ ​ ​$12,890​ ​ ​$1,589,072​ ​ ​$23,998​
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​3,516​1,000​2,276,107​47,850​
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​42,005​7,250​3,042,473​37,042​
Commercial real estate: multifamily​50,942​8,350​1,025,735​11,096​
Residential: first lien​13​—​670,445​7,181​
Residential: junior lien​—​—​420,757​8,697​
Consumer​—​—​50,686​246​
Foreign​—​—​371,738​4,356​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total​$337,024​$29,490​$9,447,013​$140,466​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · December 31, 2025 · ​
​ · ​ · Loans Individually · ​ · Loans Collectively · ​
​ · ​ · Evaluated For · ​ · Evaluated For · ​
​ · ​ · Impairment · ​ · Impairment · ​
​ · ​ · Recorded · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Recorded · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Investment · ​ · Allowance · ​ · Investment · ​ · Allowance · ​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Domestic​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Commercial​ ​ ​$52,397​ ​ ​$500​ ​ ​$1,683,346​ ​ ​$27,429​
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​—​—​2,338,593​48,907​
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​45,066​7,000​3,137,903​39,413​
Commercial real estate: multifamily​42,787​7,600​642,006​7,113​
Residential: first lien​31​—​629,403​6,725​
Residential: junior lien​—​—​445,076​9,420​
Consumer​—​—​51,003​279​
Foreign​—​—​392,811​4,788​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total​$140,281​$15,100​$9,320,141​$144,074​

The table below provides additional information on loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis by loan class at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · September 30, 2026 · ​ · December 31, 2025 · ​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · Total Non-Accrual Loans · ​ · ​ · Non-Accrual Loans with No Credit Allowance · ​ · ​ · Total Non-Accrual Loans · ​ · ​ · Non-Accrual Loans with No Credit Allowance · ​
Domestic · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Commercial​ ​ ​$240,548​$172,406​$52,397​$51,513​
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​3,516​186​—​—​
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​42,005​20,449​45,066​22,003​
Commercial real estate: multifamily​50,942​9,034​42,787​5,086​
Residential: first lien​69​69​52​52​
Total non-accrual loans​$337,080​$202,144​$140,302​$78,654​

We occasionally provide modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Modifications may include certain concessions that we must evaluate under current accounting standards to determine the need for disclosure. Concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties that would require disclosure include principal forgiveness, a term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, an interest rate reduction or a combination of these concessions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we did not provide any modifications under these circumstances to any borrower experiencing financial difficulty that would require disclosure.

The Subsidiary Banks charge-off that portion of any loan that management considers to represent a loss or that is classified as a “loss” by bank examiners. Management generally considers commercial and industrial or real estate loans to represent a loss, in whole or part, when an exposure beyond any collateral coverage is apparent and when no further collection of the loss portion is anticipated based on the borrower’s financial condition and general economic conditions in the borrower’s industry. Generally, unsecured consumer loans are charged-off when 90 days past due.

While our management believes that it is generally able to identify borrowers with financial problems reasonably early and to monitor credit extended to such borrowers carefully, there is no precise method of predicting loan losses. The determination that a loan is likely to be uncollectible and that it should be wholly or partially charged-off as a loss is an exercise of judgment. Similarly, the determination of the adequacy of the ACL can be made only on a subjective basis. It is the judgment of our management that the ACL at September 30, 2026 was adequate to absorb probable losses from loans in the portfolio at that date.

The following tables present information regarding the aging of past due loans by loan class at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · September 30, 2026 · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · 90 Days or · ​ · Total · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​30 - 59​60 - 89​90 Days or​greater &​Past​​​​Total​
​​Days​Days​Greater​still accruing​Due​Current​Portfolio​
​​(Dollars in Thousands)​
Domestic​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Commercial​ ​ ​$4,828​ ​ ​$96,185​ ​ ​$145,262​ ​ ​$400​ ​ ​$246,275​ ​ ​$1,583,345​ ​ ​$1,829,620​
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​2,644​—​195​195​2,839​2,276,784​2,279,623​
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​9,426​15,658​3,670​779​28,754​3,055,724​3,084,478​
Commercial real estate: multifamily​325​3,033​46,938​—​50,296​1,026,381​1,076,677​
Residential: first lien​6,460​3,103​10,096​10,089​19,659​650,799​670,458​
Residential: junior lien​2,362​2,008​3,722​3,722​8,092​412,665​420,757​
Consumer​167​5​—​—​172​50,514​50,686​
Foreign​1,059​354​1,299​1,299​2,712​369,026​371,738​
Total past due loans​$27,271​$120,346​$211,182​$16,484​$358,799​$9,425,238​$9,784,037​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · December 31, 2025 · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · 90 Days or · ​ · Total · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​30 - 59​60 - 89​90 Days or​greater &​Past​​​​Total​
​​Days​Days​Greater​still accruing​Due​Current​Portfolio​
​​(Dollars in Thousands)​
Domestic​ ​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​​​​
Commercial​$5,988​$795​$47,509​$515​$54,292​$1,681,450​$1,735,742​
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​836​—​721​721​1,557​2,337,036​2,338,593​
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​567​23,923​—​—​24,490​3,158,480​3,182,970​
Commercial real estate: multifamily​33,684​—​12,637​—​46,321​638,472​684,793​
Residential: first lien​5,898​3,093​5,787​5,766​14,778​614,656​629,434​
Residential: junior lien​1,766​945​2,190​2,190​4,901​440,175​445,076​
Consumer​250​31​8​8​289​50,714​51,003​
Foreign​1,296​2,771​626​626​4,693​388,118​392,811​
Total past due loans​$50,285​$31,558​$69,478​$9,826​$151,321​$9,309,101​$9,460,422​

The increase in Commercial loans past due 60 – 89 days at September 30, 2026 can be attributed to a relationship secured by bonds related to low-income housing tax credit properties that was past due and on non-accrual. The increase in Commercial loans past due 90 days or greater September 30, 2026 can be attributed to a loan secured by a partnership interest in real estate investments that is on non-accrual. The increase in Commercial real estate: multifamily loans past due 90 days or greater can be attributed totwo loans secured by multifamily affordable housing communities that are on non-accrual.

A summary of the loan portfolio by credit quality indicator by loan class and by year of origination at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is presented below:

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · 2026 · ​ ​ ​ · 2025 · ​ ​ ​ · 2024 · ​ ​ ​ · 2023 · ​ ​ ​ · 2022 · ​ ​ ​ · Prior · ​ ​ ​ · Total · ​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Balance at September 30, 2026​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Domestic​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Commercial​ ​ ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$695,601​$436,549​$111,877​$213,659​$48,154​$81,093​$1,586,933​
Special Review​​438​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​438​
Watch List - Pass​​520​​254​​—​​—​​—​​—​​774​
Watch List - Substandard​​28​​727​​52​​81​​39​​—​​927​
Watch List - Doubtful​​11,092​​32,675​​457​​44,979​​—​​151,345​​240,548​
Total Commercial​$707,679​$470,205​$112,386​$258,719​$48,193​$232,438​$1,829,620​
Commercial​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$3,731​$2,364​$50​$—​$38​$6​$6,189​
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$720,650​$945,589​$376,914​$191,577​$21,130​$13,522​$2,269,382​
Watch List - Pass​​350​​—​​—​​—​​1,011​​—​​1,361​
Watch List - Substandard​​5,364​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​5,364​
Watch List - Doubtful​​—​​3,516​​—​​—​​—​​—​​3,516​
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​$726,364​$949,105​$376,914​$191,577​$22,141​$13,522​$2,279,623​
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$701,765​$647,007​$500,786​$430,662​$579,347​$153,078​$3,012,645​
Special Review​​7,972​​441​​—​​—​​—​​1​​8,414​
Watch List - Pass​​4,558​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​4,558​
Watch List - Substandard​​15,872​​237​​—​​747​​—​​—​​16,856​
Watch List - Doubtful​​39,114​​—​​—​​—​​—​​2,891​​42,005​
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​$769,281​$647,685​$500,786​$431,409​$579,347​$155,970​$3,084,478​
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$—​$47​$—​$—​$—​$—​$47​
Commercial real estate: multifamily​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$110,009​$155,882​$224,780​$468,644​$23,700​$37,686​$1,020,701​
Watch List - Substandard​​5,034​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​5,034​
Watch List - Doubtful​​3,964​​12,750​​30,698​​—​​3,530​​—​​50,942​
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily​$119,007​$168,632​$255,478​$468,644​$27,230​$37,686​$1,076,677​
Residential: first lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$207,998​$160,644​$79,881​$80,770​$59,207​$81,602​$670,102​
Watch List - Substandard​​45​​—​​89​​—​​13​​196​​343​
Watch List - Doubtful​​—​​13​​—​​—​​—​​—​​13​
Total Residential: first lien​$208,043​$160,657​$79,970​$80,770​$59,220​$81,798​$670,458​
Residential: first lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$—​$70​$100​$140​$—​$59​$369​
Residential: junior lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$42,188​$45,290​$62,671​$49,422​$48,626​$172,560​$420,757​
Total Residential: junior lien​$42,188​$45,290​$62,671​$49,422​$48,626​$172,560​$420,757​
Residential: junior lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$—​$72​$—​$—​$71​$75​$218​
Consumer​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$34,336​$12,926​$1,644​$195​$62​$1,523​$50,686​
Total Consumer​$34,336​$12,926​$1,644​$195​$62​$1,523​$50,686​
Consumer​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$90​$145​$28​$—​$—​$1​$264​
Foreign​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$89,343​$192,652​$36,953​$31,952​$8,627​$12,211​$371,738​
Total Foreign​$89,343​$192,652​$36,953​$31,952​$8,627​$12,211​$371,738​
Total Loans​$2,696,241​$2,647,152​$1,426,802​$1,512,688​$793,446​$707,708​$9,784,037​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ ​ ​ · ​ · 2025 · ​ ​ ​ · 2024 · ​ ​ ​ · 2023 · ​ ​ ​ · 2022 · ​ ​ ​ · 2021 · ​ ​ ​ · Prior · ​ ​ ​ · Total
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2025​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Domestic​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Commercial​ ​ ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$952,495​$172,120​$204,095​$84,301​$169,430​$89,567​$1,672,008
Watch List - Pass​​10,358​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​10,358
Watch List - Substandard​​705​​55​​183​​—​​—​​36​​979
Watch List - Doubtful​​4,735​​702​​46,885​​10​​65​​—​​52,397
Total Commercial​$968,293​$172,877​$251,163​$84,311​$169,495​$89,603​$1,735,742
Commercial​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$5,659​$2,001​$12​$—​$—​$1​$7,673
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$1,232,753​$535,289​$497,267​$37,432​$32,409​$3,313​$2,338,463
Watch List - Substandard​​—​​130​​—​​—​​—​​—​​130
Watch List - Doubtful​​—​​—​​—​​​​​—​​—​​—
Total Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​$1,232,753​$535,419​$497,267​$37,432​$32,409​$3,313​$2,338,593
Commercial real estate: other construction & land development​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$—​$—​$—​$8,122​$—​$—​$8,122
Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$880,871​$576,080​$582,532​$628,474​$176,016​$245,564​$3,089,537
Special Review​​18,417​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​18,417
Watch List - Pass​​27,378​​184​​—​​—​​—​​—​​27,562
Watch List - Substandard​​1,918​​—​​237​​233​​—​​—​​2,388
Watch List - Doubtful​​45,066​​—​​—​​—​​—​​—​​45,066
Total Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial​$973,650​$576,264​$582,769​$628,707​$176,016​$245,564​$3,182,970
Commercial real estate: multifamily​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$217,455​$79,833​$254,234​$49,276​$12,419​$28,789​$642,006
Watch List - Doubtful​​12,694​​30,093​​—​​—​​—​​—​​42,787
Total Commercial real estate: multifamily​$230,149​$109,926​$254,234​$49,276​$12,419​$28,789​$684,793
Residential: first lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$257,052​$84,549​$98,590​$71,410​$45,734​$71,704​$629,039
Watch List - Substandard​​—​​90​​—​​—​​274​​—​​364
Watch List - Doubtful​​20​​—​​—​​11​​—​​—​​31
Total Residential: first lien​$257,072​$84,639​$98,590​$71,421​$46,008​$71,704​$629,434
Residential: first lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$—​$101​$—​$—​$—​$3​$104
Residential: junior lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$55,556​$76,596​$58,790​$56,080​$59,089​$138,965​$445,076
Total Residential: junior lien​$55,556​$76,596​$58,790​$56,080​$59,089​$138,965​$445,076
Residential: junior lien​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$—​$120​$—​$—​$56​$84​$260
Consumer​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$39,920​$8,417​$664​$421​$128​$1,453​$51,003
Total Consumer​$39,920​$8,417​$664​$421​$128​$1,453​$51,003
Consumer​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Current-period gross writeoffs​$76​$99​$24​$—​$—​$1​$200
Foreign​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pass​$276,180​$53,392​$35,700​$12,535​$10,454​$4,550​$392,811
Total Foreign​$276,180​$53,392​$35,700​$12,535​$10,454​$4,550​$392,811
Total Loans​$4,033,573​$1,617,530​$1,779,177​$940,183​$506,018​$583,941​$9,460,422

The increase in Watch List Doubtful Commercial loans at September 30, 2026, can be attributed to a relationship consisting of several loans secured by interests in affordable housing projects that were placed on non-accrual. The loans are secured, but management will continue to monitor collateral values going forward and assign specific reserves if collateral values decline. Management expects a positive outcome since the need for affordable housing continues. These loans are primarily community development lending under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”). The decrease in Special Review Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial loans at September 30, 2026, can be attributed to a loan secured by a hotel that was paid in full. The decrease in Watch List Pass Commercial real estate: farmland & commercial loans at September 30, 2026, can be attributed to two loans. One loan was paid off and one, secured by a restaurant and vacant land held for development, was downgraded to Watch List Substandard. The increase in Watch List Doubtful

Commercial real estate: multifamily loans at September 30, 2026 can be attributed to a relationship secured by affordable housing projects that were downgraded.

** Note 5 — Stock Options**

On April 5, 2012, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) adopted the 2012 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”). There were 800,000 shares of common stock available for stock option grants under the 2012 Plan, which were qualified incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or non-qualified stock options. Options granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant, excluding ISOs granted to 10% shareholders, which may be exercisable for a period of up to only five years. On April 4, 2022, the 2012 Plan expired and was not renewed.

A summary of option activity under the 2012 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 is as follows:

​​​​​​​​​​​​
​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​Weighted​ ​ ​​ ​ ​​​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Weighted · ​ · average · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · average · ​ · remaining · ​ · Aggregate · ​
​ · ​ · Number of · ​ · exercise · ​ · contractual · ​ · intrinsic · ​
​ · ​ · options · ​ · price · ​ · term (years) · ​ · value ($) · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · (in Thousands) · ​
Options outstanding at December 31, 2025164,884​$35.42​​​​​​
Plus: Options granted—​​—​​​​​​
Less:​​​​​​​​​​​
Options exercised(32,012)​​34.57​​​​​​
Options expired—​​—​​​​​​
Options forfeited—​​—​​​​​​
Options outstanding at September 30, 2026132,872​35.632.78​$4,367​
​​​​​​​​​​​​
Options fully vested and exercisable at September 30, 2026106,450​$35.762.24​$3,485​

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was $13,000 and $47,000, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $20,000 and $86,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2026, there was approximately $67,000 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested options granted under our plans that will be recognized over a weighted average period ofone year.

On April 18, 2022, the Board adopted the 2022 International Bancshares Corporation Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the “SAR Plan”). There are 750,000 shares of underlying common stock that may be used for stock appreciation right (“SAR”) grants under the SAR Plan; however, no actual shares will be granted. Upon exercise, the SAR will be settled in cash. SARs granted may be exercisable for a period of up to 10 years from the date of grant and may vest over aneight-year period.

A summary of activity under the SAR Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 is as follows:

​​​​​​​​​​​
​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​​​ ​ ​Weighted​ ​ ​​ ​ ​​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Weighted · ​ · average · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Number of · ​ · average · ​ · remaining · ​ · Aggregate
​ · ​ · stock appreciation · ​ · exercise · ​ · contractual · ​ · intrinsic
​ · ​ · rights · ​ · price · ​ · term (years) · ​ · value ($)
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · (in Thousands)
SARs outstanding at December 31, 2025426,743​$39.63​​​​​
Plus: SARs granted—​​​​​​​​
Less:​​​​​​​​​​
SARs exercised(25,012)​​39.42​​​​​
SARs expired—​​—​​​​​
SARs forfeited(9,875)​​39.33​​​​​
SARs outstanding at September 30, 2026391,856​39.65​5.79​$11,304
​​​​​​​​​​​
SARs fully vested and exercisable at September 30, 2026115,294​$39.395.76​$3,350

The fair value of the liability for payments due to SAR holders at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is approximately $7,035,000 and $6,620,000, respectively, as calculated using a Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model, and is included in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of condition. The (credit) expense recorded in connection with all grants under the SAR Plan totaled $(954,000), and $1,591,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively. The expense recorded in connection with all grants under the SAR Plan totaled $758,000 and $2,020,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. As of September 30, 2026, there was approximately $5,430,000 in unrecognized liability related to non-vested SARs granted under the SAR Plan that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 5.79 years.

** Note 6 — Investment Securities, Equity Securities with Readily Determinable Fair Values and Other Investments**

We classify debt securities into one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. Such debt securities are reassessed for appropriate classification at each reporting date. Securities classified as “held-to-maturity” are carried at amortized cost for financial statement reporting, while securities classified as “available-for-sale” and “trading” are carried at their fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in net income for those securities classified as “trading,” while unrealized holding gains and losses related to those securities classified as “available-for-sale” are excluded from net income and reported net of tax as other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized, or in the case of losses, when deemed other than temporary. Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities in an unrealized loss position are evaluated for the underlying cause of the loss. In the event that the deterioration in value is attributable to credit-related reasons, then the amount of credit-related impairment will be recorded as a charge to our ACL with subsequent changes in the amount of impairment, up or down, also recorded through our ACL. We have evaluated the debt securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2026 and have determined that no debt securities in an unrealized loss position are arising from credit-related reasons and have therefore not recorded any allowances for debt securities in our ACL for the period.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at September 30, 2026 are as follows:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Held to Maturity · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Gross · ​ · Gross · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​Amortized​unrealized​unrealized​Estimated​Carrying​
​​cost​gains​losses​fair value​value​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Other securities​ ​ ​$4,400​ ​ ​$—​ ​ ​$—​ ​ ​$4,400​ ​ ​$4,400​
Total investment securities​$4,400​$—​$—​$4,400​$4,400​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Available for Sale Debt Securities · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Gross · ​ · Gross · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​Amortized​unrealized​unrealized​Estimated​Carrying​
​​cost​gains​losses​fair value​value(1)​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Residential mortgage-backed securities​$5,498,264​$521​$(467,338)​$5,031,447​$5,031,447​
Obligations of states and political subdivisions​137,117​—​(19,206)​117,911​117,911​
Total investment securities​$5,635,381​$521​$(486,544)​$5,149,358​$5,149,358​
(1)Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $924,866 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $4,106,582 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by type of investment security at December 31, 2025 are as follows:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Held to Maturity · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Gross · ​ · Gross · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​Amortized​unrealized​unrealized​Estimated​Carrying​
​​cost​gains​losses​fair value​value​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Other securities​ ​ ​$4,400​ ​ ​$—​ ​ ​$—​ ​ ​$4,400​ ​ ​$4,400​
Total investment securities​$4,400​$—​$—​$4,400​$4,400​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Available for Sale · ​
​​​​​Gross​Gross​Estimated​​​​
​ · ​ · Amortized · ​ · unrealized · ​ · unrealized · ​ · fair · ​ · Carrying · ​
​ · ​ · cost · ​ · gains · ​ · losses · ​ · value · ​ · value(1) · ​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Residential mortgage-backed securities​ ​ ​$5,140,013​$22,759​$(332,184)​ ​ ​​4,830,588​ ​ ​​4,830,588​
Obligations of states and political subdivisions​141,077​86​(5,483)​135,680​135,680​
Total investment securities​$5,281,090​$22,845​$(337,667)​$4,966,268​$4,966,268​
(1)Included in the carrying value of residential mortgage-backed securities are $854,726 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and $3,975,862 of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at September 30, 2026, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Held to Maturity · ​ · Available for Sale · ​
​ · ​ · Amortized · ​ · Estimated · ​ · Amortized · ​ · Estimated · ​
​ · ​ · Cost · ​ · fair value · ​ · Cost · ​ · fair value · ​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Due in one year or less​ ​ ​$1,200​ ​ ​$1,200​ ​ ​$—​ ​ ​$—​
Due after one year through five years​3,200​3,200​—​​—​
Due after five years through ten years​—​—​2,865​2,669​
Due after ten years​—​—​134,252​115,242​
Residential mortgage-backed securities​—​—​5,498,264​5,031,447​
Total investment securities​$4,400​$4,400​$5,635,381​$5,149,358​

Residential mortgage-backed securities are securities primarily issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae are fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are not fully guaranteed by the U.S. Government, however, we believe that the quality of the bonds is similar to other AAA rated bonds with limited credit risk, particularly given the placement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship by the federal government in early September 2008 and because securities issued by others that are collateralized by residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac are rated consistently as AAA rated securities. Obligations of states and political subdivisions are securities issued by public school districts and are guaranteed by the Permanent School Fund (“PSF”) of the State of Texas under the Texas Education Code. The PSF guarantee provides an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee of principal and interest payments.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt investment securities pledged to qualify for fiduciary powers, to secure public monies as required by law, repurchase agreements and short-term fixed borrowings was $1,744,412,000 and $1,531,898,000, respectively, at September 30, 2026.

Proceeds from the sales and calls of available-for-sale debt securities were $480,000 and $3,825,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, which included $0 and $0 of mortgage-backed securities, respectively. Gross gains of $0 and $0 and gross losses of $0 and $0 were realized on the sales and calls for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively. Proceeds from the sales and calls of available-for-sale debt securities were$11,255,000 and $15,490,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, which included $0 and $0 of mortgage-backed securities. Gross gains of$0 and $0 and gross losses of $1,000 and $1,000 were realized on the sales and calls for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of those related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2026, were as follows:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Less than 12 months · ​ · 12 months or more · ​ · Total · ​
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Unrealized · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Unrealized · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Unrealized · ​
​​Fair Value​Losses​Fair Value​Losses​Fair Value​Losses​
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands) · ​
Available for sale: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Residential mortgage-backed securities​ ​ ​$2,066,671​ ​ ​$(59,920)​ ​ ​$2,546,723​ ​ ​$(407,418)​ ​ ​$4,613,394​ ​ ​$(467,338)​
Obligations of states and political subdivisions​22,079​(1,491)​95,832​(17,715)​117,911​(19,206)​
​​$2,088,750​$(61,411)​$2,642,555​$(425,133)​$4,731,305​$(486,544)​

Gross unrealized losses on debt investment securities and the fair value of those related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2025, were as follows:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​ · ​ · Less than 12 months · ​ · 12 months or more · ​ · Total
​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Unrealized · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Unrealized · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · Unrealized
​​Fair Value​Losses​Fair Value​Losses​Fair Value​Losses
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
Available for sale: · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
Residential mortgage-backed securities​ ​ ​$130,561​ ​ ​$(81)​ ​ ​$3,002,781​ ​ ​$(332,103)​ ​ ​$3,133,342​ ​ ​$(332,184)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions​4,361​(59)​105,263​(5,424)​109,624​(5,483)
​​$134,922​$(140)​$3,108,044​$(337,527)​$3,242,966​$(337,667)

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values consist primarily of Community Reinvestment Act funds. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the balance in equity securities with readily determinable fair values recorded at fair value were$5,326,000 and $5,573,000, respectively. The following is a summary of unrealized and realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025:

​​​​​
​ · ​ · Three Months Ended
​ · ​ · September 30, 2026
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​​​
​​​​​
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities​ ​ ​$​(219)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period​​—
​​​​​
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date​$​(219)
​​​​​
​ · ​ · Three Months Ended
​ · ​ · September 30, 2025
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​​​
​​​​​
Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities​ ​ ​$​63
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period​​—
​​​​​
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date​$​63
​​​​​
​ · ​ · Nine Months Ended
​ · ​ · September 30, 2026
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​ · ​ · ​
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities​ ​ ​$​(247)
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period​​—
​​​​​
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date​$​(247)
​​​​​
​ · ​ · Nine Months Ended
​ · ​ · September 30, 2025
​ · ​ · (Dollars in Thousands)
​ · ​ · ​
Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities​ ​ ​$​152
Less: Net gains and (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period​​—
​​​​​
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date​$​152

Other investments include equity and merchant banking investments held by our Subsidiary Banks and non-banking subsidiary entities. We hold ownership interests in limited partnerships for the purpose of investing in low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) projects. The partnerships may acquire, construct or rehabilitate housing for low- and moderate-income individuals. We realize a return primarily from federal tax credits and other federal tax deductions associated with the underlying LIHTC projects. We are a limited partner in the partnerships and are not required to consolidate the entities in our consolidated financial statements. Investments in LIHTC projects totaled$243,148,000 and $261,128,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and are included in other investments on the consolidated financial statements. Unfunded commitments to LIHTC projects totaled$24,766,000 at September 30, 2026 and $37,200,000 at December 31, 2025 and are included in other liabilities on the consolidated financial statements. Tax credits and other tax benefits, as well as amortization expense associated with investments in qualified low-income housing partnerships are accounted for using the proportional amortization method of accounting. There was a total of$8,355,000 and $24,971,000 in estimated tax credits related to these investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively and $7,070,000 and $21,103,000 in estimated amortization related to these investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively. There was a total of$8,141,000 and $24,423,000 in estimated tax credits related to these investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively and $6,542,000 and $19,626,000 in estimated amortization related to these investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. We monitor LIHTC investments for indicators of impairment and evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount based on the expected realization of the remaining tax credits, tax benefits, and other economic benefits. There wereno impairment losses recorded on tax equity investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 or the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, respectively.

** Note 7 — Other Borrowed Funds**

Other borrowed funds include FHLB borrowings, which are short- and long-term borrowings issued by the FHLB of Dallas at the market price offered at the time of funding. These borrowings are secured by residential mortgage-backed investment securities and a portion of our loan portfolio. At September 30, 2026, other borrowed funds totaled$40,171,000 compared to $10,332,000 at December 31, 2025.

Note 8 — Junior Subordinated Interest Deferrable Debentures

As of September 30, 2026, we hadfour statutory business trusts, Trusts IX, X, XI and XII (the “Trusts”), formed under the laws of the State of Delaware, for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The Trusts each issued capital and common securities (the “Capital and Common Securities”) and invested the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of junior subordinated debentures (the “Debentures”) that we issued. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the principal amount of Debentures outstanding totaled $108,868,000, respectively.

The Debentures are subordinated and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness (as defined in the respective indentures) and arepari passuwith one another. The interest rate payable on and the payment terms of the Debentures are the same as the distribution rate and payment terms of the respective issues of Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts. We have fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations of each of the Trusts with respect to the Capital and Common Securities. We have the right, unless an Event of Default (as defined in the Indentures) has occurred and is continuing, to defer payment of interest on the Debentures for up totwenty consecutive quarterly periods on each of the Trusts. If interest payments on any Debenture are deferred, distributions on both the Capital and Common Securities related to that Debenture would also be deferred. The redemption prior to maturity of any of the Debentures may require the prior approval of the Federal Reserve and/or other regulatory bodies.

For financial reporting purposes, the Trusts are treated as investments and not consolidated in our consolidated financial statements. Although the Capital and Common Securities issued by each of the Trusts are not included as a component of shareholders’ equity on the consolidated statement of condition, the Capital and Common Securities are treated as capital for regulatory purposes. Specifically, under applicable regulatory guidelines, the Capital and Common Securities issued by the Trusts qualify as Tier 1 capital up to a maximum of 25% of Tier 1 capital on an aggregate basis. Any amount that exceeds the 25% threshold would qualify as Tier 2 capital. At September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the total $108,868,000, respectively, of the Capital and Common Securities outstanding qualified as Tier 1 capital.

The following table illustrates key information about each of the Capital and Common Securities issued by each of the Trusts and the Debentures purchased with the proceeds thereof, including the interest rate at September 30, 2026:

​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​ · ​
​​ ​ ​Junior​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​​​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​​ ​ ​​​
​​Subordinated​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​​Deferrable​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ · ​ · Interest · ​ · Repricing · ​ · Interest · ​ · Interest · ​ · ​ · ​ · Optional · ​
​ · ​ · Debentures · ​ · Frequency · ​ · Rate · ​ · Rate Index(1) · ​ · Maturity Date · ​ · Redemption Date(2) · ​
​​(Dollars in Thousands)​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Trust IX​$41,238Quarterly5.61%SOFR+1.62October 2036October 2011​
Trust X​21,021Quarterly5.72%SOFR+1.65February 2037February 2012​
Trust XI​25,990Quarterly5.61%SOFR+1.62July 2037July 2012​
Trust XII​20,619Quarterly5.47%SOFR+1.45September 2037September 2012​
​​$108,868​​​​​​​​​​​​​

(1) The interest rate index on the Capital and Common Securities is the Three-Month CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”).

(2) The Capital and Common Securities may be redeemed in whole or in part on any interest payment date after the Optional Redemption Date.

Note 9 — Common Stock and Dividends

We paid cash dividends of $0.73 per share on February 27 and August 28, 2026, respectively, to record holders of our common stock on February 13 and August 14, 2026, respectively. We paid cash dividends of$0.70 per share on February 28 and August 15, 2025, respectively, to record holders of our common stock on February 14 and August 1, 2025.

In April 2009, the Board re-established a formal stock repurchase program that authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of our common stock within the following 12 months. Annually since then, including on February 17, 2026, the Board extended and increased the repurchase program to authorize the repurchase of up to $150 million of common stock during the 12-month period commencing on March 15, 2026. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Shares purchased in this program are held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee compensation plans. During the third quarter of 2026, the Board adopted a Rule 10b-18 trading plan and a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan and intends to adopt additional Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which will allow us to purchase shares of our common stock during certain open and blackout periods when we ordinarily would not be in the market due to trading restrictions in our insider trading policy. During the terms of both a Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, purchases of common stock are automatic to the extent the conditions of the plan’s trading instructions are met. Shares purchased under these trading plans will be held in treasury for reissue for various corporate purposes, including employee stock compensation plans. As of November 2, 2026, a total of 13,849,305 shares had been repurchased under all programs since April 2009 at a cost of $423,593,000. We are not obligated to purchase shares under our stock repurchase program outside of the Rule 10b-18 and Rule 10b5-1trading plans.

Note 10 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in various legal proceedings that are in various stages of litigation. We have determined, based on discussions with our counsel, that any material loss in such actions, individually or in the aggregate, is remote or the damages sought, even if fully recovered, would not be considered material to our consolidated financial position or

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