Transcode Therapeutics, Inc.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, refers to controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to a company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a–15(f) or 15d-15(f). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and our Board regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2026. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013 (COSO criteria). Based on this assessment, and due to the material weakness referred to in Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective and resulted in a material weakness as of the assessment date related to certain transactions arising from the Acquisition. Notwithstanding this material weakness, management believes that all significant and unusual transactions have been appropriately recorded and that our consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2026, are fairly presented in all material respects in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The small size of our finance and accounting staff requires us to rely on outside parties for certain accounting analyses such as for non-routine transactions. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies.

Continuing Remediation Efforts

To remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and address the material weakness in our accounting processes, we previously implemented steps to address internal control deficiencies such as implementing more robust accounting policies and procedures, implementing new accounting software, and, most particularly, hiring of or engaging additional finance and accounting personnel including consultants and other third-party resources with requisite experience and technical accounting expertise. We also engaged an independent consulting firm to assist us in determining what personnel are needed, evaluating and improving our accounting processes, and in evaluating new accounting policies.

While we believe that these efforts will improve our internal control over financial reporting, implementation of these and other measures will be ongoing and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles. We cannot reasonably estimate when these remediation measures will be completed nor can we assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and are continuing to take, will be sufficient to remediate the material weakness we identified or avoid potential future material weaknesses. Our management will continue to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and procedures over financial reporting on an ongoing basis and is committed to taking further action and implementing additional enhancements or improvements, as necessary.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than the remediation measures taken to date as described above, there were no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2026, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. However, the process of integrating ABCJ, LLC into our system of internal control over financial reporting continues which may result in future changes to our internal control environment.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION