Orchestra BioMed Holdings, Inc.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Orchestra BioMed Holdings, Inc. (collectively, with its subsidiaries, “Orchestra” or the “Company”) is a biomedical innovation company accelerating high-impact technologies to patients through risk-reward sharing partnerships with leading medical device companies. The Company’s partnership-enabled business model focuses on forging strategic collaborations with leading medical device companies to drive successful global commercialization of products it develops. The Company’s flagship product candidates are Atrioventricular Interval Modulation Therapy (“AVIM Therapy”) for the treatment of hypertension (“HTN”), the leading risk factor for death worldwide, and Virtue® Sirolimus AngioInfusion™ Balloon (“Virtue SAB”) for the treatment of atherosclerotic artery disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide.

The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands in 2020, as a special purpose acquisition company under the name Health Sciences Acquisitions Corporation 2 (“HSAC2”). On January 26, 2023, Orchestra BioMed, Inc., the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, and HSAC2 consummated a business combination pursuant to which, among other things, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of HSAC2 and HSAC2 changed its name to Orchestra BioMed Holdings, Inc. (the “Business Combination”). HSAC2 Holdings, LLC (the “Sponsor”) was the sponsor of HSAC2 prior to the Business Combination.

Orchestra BioMed, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in January 2017 and was formed to acquire operating and other assets as well as to raise capital conducted through private placements. In May 2018, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. concurrently completed its formation mergers (the “Formation Mergers”) with Caliber Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, BackBeat Medical, Inc., a Delaware Corporation, and FreeHold Surgical, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Orchestra BioMed, Inc. completed the conversions of BackBeat Medical, Inc. to BackBeat Medical, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, (“BackBeat”) of FreeHold Surgical, Inc. to FreeHold Surgical, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“FreeHold”) and of Caliber Therapeutics, Inc. to Caliber Therapeutics, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, (“Caliber”) in 2019.

Caliber

Caliber Therapeutics, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in October 2005 and began development of its lead product candidate Virtue SAB in 2008. Virtue SAB is a patented drug/device combination product candidate for the treatment of artery disease that delivers a proprietary extended release formulation of sirolimus called SirolimusEFR to the vessel wall during balloon angioplasty without any coating on the balloon surface or the need for leaving a permanent implant such as a stent in the artery.

BackBeat

BackBeat Medical, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in January 2010 and began development of its lead product candidate AVIM Therapy that same year. AVIM Therapy is a patented implantable cardiac stimulation-based treatment for HTN that is designed to immediately, substantially and persistently lower blood pressure while simultaneously modulating autonomic nervous system responses that normally drive and maintain blood pressure higher. Refer to Note 3 –“Medtronic Agreement” for details regarding the Exclusive License and Collaboration Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2022, by and among, Orchestra BioMed, Inc., BackBeat and Medtronic, Inc. (an affiliate of Medtronic plc) (the “Medtronic Agreement”).

FreeHold

FreeHold Surgical, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in May 2010 and began development of its hands-free, intracorporeal retractor device for minimally-invasive surgery in 2012. FreeHold is engaged in the development, sales and marketing of its retractor products that provide optimized visual and total surgeon control during laparoscopic and robotic procedures.

Basis of Presentation and Liquidity

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. These condensed statements are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) necessary to fairly present the results of the interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date. Operating results and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026 or any other future period. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations for interim reporting of the SEC. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC on March 12, 2026 together with the related notes thereto.

The Company has a limited operating history and the sales and income potential of its businesses and markets are unproven. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had an accumulated deficit of$383.3 million and has experienced net losses each year since its inception. The Company expects to incur substantial operating losses in future periods and will require additional capital as it seeks to advance its products to commercialization. The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties similar to those of other companies of the same size within the biomedical device industry, such as uncertainty of clinical trial outcomes, uncertainty of additional funding, and history of operating losses.

The Company follows the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40,Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern, which requires management to assess the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

Based on the available balance of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities as of March 31, 2026, and proceeds from contractual financing commitments received after the balance sheet date, management has concluded that sufficient capital is available to fund its operations and meet cash requirements through the one-year period subsequent to the issuance date of these financial statements. Management may consider plans to raise capital through the one-year period subsequent to the issuance date of these financial statements through issuance of equity securities, debt securities, and/or additional development and commercialization partnerships for other products within the Company’s development pipeline. The source, timing and availability of any future financing will depend principally upon market conditions and on the progress of the Company’s research and development programs.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Areas where significant estimates exist include, but are not limited to, research and development costs incurred, effective interest expense related to the Royalty Purchase Agreement (see Note 13 –“Royalty Purchase Agreement” for additional information), and the fair value of the derivative liability related to the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock,$0.0001 par value per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) (see Note 8 –“Derivative Liability” for additional information).

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are held in banks or in custodial accounts with banks. Cash equivalents are defined as all liquid investments and money market funds with maturity from date of purchase of 90 days or less that are readily convertible into cash.

Marketable Securities

The Company accounts for its marketable securities with remaining maturities of less than one year, or where its intent is to use the investments to fund current operations or to make them available for current operations, as short-term investments. These investments represent debt investments in corporate or government securities that are designated as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. The disclosed fair value related to the Company’s investments is based on market prices from a variety of industry standard data providers and generally represent quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or have been derived from observable market data.

Strategic Investments

Management had made investments in certain companies and assessed whether the Company exerted significant influence over its strategic investments. The Company considered the nature and magnitude of its investment, any voting and protective rights it held, any participation in the governance of the other company, and other relevant factors such as the presence of a collaboration or other business relationships. To date, the Company has concluded that it did not have the ability to exercise significant influence over its strategic investments.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s strategic investments consisted of preferred shares of Vivasure Medical Limited (“Vivasure”), a privately-held company and related party. The investments in Vivasure did not have readily determinable fair values and were recorded at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Additionally, as the investments in Vivasure were not readily marketable, the Company categorized the investments as non-current assets. As of December 31, 2025, the carrying value of the investments in Vivasure was$2.5 million. On January 9, 2026, Haemonetics Corporation, a global medical technology company focused on delivering innovative solutions designed to improve patient outcomes, announced its acquisition of Vivasure. As a result, the Company recognized a gain of$2.2 million on the sale of strategic investments during the three months ended March 31, 2026 (see Note 5 –“Marketable Securities and Strategic Investments” for additional information).

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies ASC 820,Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), which establishes a framework for measuring fair value and clarifies the definition of fair value within that framework. ASC 820 defines fair value as an exit price, which is the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the Company’s principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy established in ASC 820 generally requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs reflect the entity’s own assumptions based on market data and the entity’s judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are to be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The carrying value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expense, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. In addition, the Company records its investment in marketable securities at fair value. See Note 4 –“Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements” for additional information regarding fair value measurements. For additional information on the fair value measurements performed related to the derivative liability, see Note 8 –“Derivative Liability.”

The valuation hierarchy is composed of three levels. The classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels within the valuation hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 —Assets and liabilities with unadjusted, quoted prices listed on active market exchanges. Inputs to the fair value measurement are observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 —Inputs to the fair value measurement are determined using prices for recently traded assets and liabilities with similar underlying terms, as well as direct or indirect observable inputs, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 —Inputs to the fair value measurement are unobservable inputs, such as estimates, assumptions, and valuation techniques when little or no market data exists for the assets or liabilities.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable represent amounts due from customers. The allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded for estimated losses by evaluating various factors, including relative creditworthiness of each customer, historical collections experience and aging of the receivable. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, an allowance for doubtful accounts wasnot deemed necessary.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) and net realizable value. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The Company analyzes its inventory levels and writes down inventory that has become obsolete or has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value or inventory quantities in excess of expected requirements. Excess requirements are determined based on comparison of existing inventories to forecasted sales, with consideration given to inventory shelf life. Expired inventory is disposed of, and the related costs are recognized in cost of goods sold. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, an impairment charge as a result of obsolete inventory wasnot deemed necessary.

Research and Development Prepayments, Accruals and Related Expenses

The Company incurs costs of research and development activities conducted by its third-party service providers, which include the conduct of preclinical and clinical studies. The Company is required to estimate its prepaid and accrued research and development costs at each reporting date. These estimates are made as of the reporting date of the work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with agreements established with the Company’s service providers. The Company determines the estimates of research and development activities incurred at the end of each reporting period through discussion with internal personnel and outside service providers, as to the progress or stage of completion of trials or services, as of the end of the reporting period, pursuant to contracts with the third parties and the agreed upon fee to be paid for such services. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. The capitalized amounts are expensed as the related goods are accepted by the Company or the services are performed. Accruals are recorded for the amounts of services provided that have not yet been invoiced.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their useful life or the remaining life of the lease. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.

Leases

At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the terms of the arrangement. The Company accounts for a contract as a lease when it has the right to control the asset for a period of time while obtaining substantially all of the asset’s economic benefits. The Company determines the initial classification and measurement of its operating right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities at the lease commencement date, and thereafter if modified. The lease term includes any renewal options that the Company is reasonably assured to exercise. The Company’s policy is to not record leases with a lease term of 12 months or less on its balance sheets.

The ROU asset represents the right to use the leased asset for the lease term. The lease liability represents the present value of the lease payments under the lease. The present value of lease payments is determined by using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate is readily determinable; otherwise, the Company uses its estimated secured incremental borrowing rate for that lease term. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the reasonably assured lease term based on the total lease payments and is included in operating expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Payments due under each lease agreement include fixed and variable payments. Variable payments relate to the Company’s share of the lessor’s operating costs associated with the underlying asset and are recognized when the event on which those payments are assessed occurs. Variable payments have been excluded from the lease liability and associated right-of-use asset.

The interest rate implicit in lease agreements is typically not readily determinable, and as such, the Company utilizes the incremental borrowing rate to calculate lease liabilities, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

Debt Discount and Debt Issuance Costs

Debt discounts and debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the issuance of debt are capitalized and reflected as a reduction to the related debt liability. The costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt using the effective-interest method.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the future net undiscounted cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset. The Company hasnot identified any such impairment losses to date.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle according to ASC 606,Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), to depict the transfer of control to the Company’s customers in an amount reflecting the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company’s revenues were previously comprised of partnership revenues from the Terumo Agreement relating to the development and commercialization of Virtue SAB, and continue to include product revenue from the sale of FreeHold’s intracorporeal organ retractors.

Partnership Revenues

Previously, the Company’s partnership revenues have related to the Terumo Agreement (as defined below), which was terminated pursuant to a termination and right of first refusal agreement on October 24, 2025 (the “Termination and ROFR Agreement”). In future periods, partnership revenues may also include revenues related to the Medtronic Agreement as discussed in Note 3 –“Medtronic Agreement”**.

Product Revenues

Product revenues related primarily to sales of FreeHold’s intracorporeal organ retractors are recognized at a point-in-time upon the shipment of the product to the customer, and there are no significant estimates or judgments related to estimating the transaction price. The product revenues consist of a single performance obligation, and the payment terms are typically 30 days. Product revenues are recognized solely in the United States.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company applies ASC 718-10,Compensation — Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expenses for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options under the Company’s stock plans based on estimated fair values (see Note 10 – “Stock-Based Compensation”). Each award vests over the subsequent period during which the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the award (the “vesting period”). The cost of each award is recognized as an expense in the financial statements over the respective vesting period on a straight-line basis.

Under the requirements of ASU 2018-07, the Company accounts for stock-based compensation to nonemployees under the fair value method, which requires all such compensation to be calculated based on the fair value at the measurement date (generally the grant date) and recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.

Series A Preferred Stock

The Company applies ASC 480-10,Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity(“ASC 480”), which requires an evaluation to determine if liability classification is required for redeemable convertible stock. Liability classification is required for freestanding financial instruments that are (1) subject to an unconditional obligation requiring the issuer to redeem the instrument by transferring assets, such as those that are mandatorily redeemable, (2) instruments other than equity shares that embody an obligation of the issuer to repurchase its equity shares, or (3) certain types of instruments that obligate the issuer to issue a variable number of equity shares.

Securities that do not meet the scoping criteria to be classified as a liability under ASC 480 are subject to redeemable equity guidance, which prescribes that securities that may be subject to redemption upon an event not solely within the Company’s control should be classified as mezzanine equity. Securities classified in mezzanine equity are initially measured at the fair value, net of issuance costs and excluding the fair value of bifurcated embedded derivatives, if any. Subsequent measurement is required when the combined initial amount recorded in mezzanine equity and its related derivative liability is greater than the period end carrying amount. Adjustments to the carrying amount are charged to retained earnings (or additional paid in capital if there are no retained earnings) and do not affect net loss or comprehensive loss in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Subsequent measurement of the carrying value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock is also required when the instrument is probable of becoming redeemable. The Company will accrete the redeemable convertible preferred stock to its redemption value once the instrument is probable of becoming redeemable. In certain circumstances, the redemption price may vary based on changes in stock price, in which case the Company recognizes changes in the redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of the security to equal the then current maximum redemption value at the end of each reporting period.

Derivative Liability

The Company evaluates all its financial instruments, including convertible debt and redeemable convertible preferred stock, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. The Company applies significant judgment to identify and evaluate complex terms and conditions in these contracts and agreements to determine whether embedded derivatives exist. Embedded derivatives must be separately measured from the host contracts if all the requirements for bifurcation are met. The assessment of the conditions surrounding the bifurcation of embedded derivatives depends on the nature of the host contract. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are recognized at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting period end. Bifurcated embedded derivatives are classified as a separate liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s derivative liability is related to the conversion features embedded in the Series A Preferred Stock. See Note 7 –* “Common and Preferred Stock”* for additional information.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss less the adjustment to carrying value of Series A Preferred Stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock of the Company (“Common Stock”) outstanding for the period, without consideration of potential dilutive shares of Common Stock. Since the Company was in a loss position for the periods presented, basic net loss is the same as diluted net loss since the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive. Potentially dilutive securities include all outstanding warrants, stock options, Earnout Consideration (see Note 16 –“Net Loss Per Share”), unvested restricted stock awards, convertible preferred shares (see Note 7 –“Common and Preferred Stock”) and restricted stock units. Shares of Common Stock outstanding but subject to forfeiture and cancellation by the Company (e.g., the Forfeitable Shares (as defined in Note 16)) are excluded from the weighted-average number of shares until the period in which such shares are no longer subject to forfeiture. Pre-funded warrants (see Note 9 –“Warrants”) are considered outstanding for the purposes of computing basic and diluted net loss per share because shares may be issued for little or no additional consideration and are fully vested and exercisable after the original issuance date of the pre-funded warrant. In periods in which there is net income, the Company would apply the two-class method to compute net income per share. Under this method, earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends, as if all undistributed earnings for the period were distributed. The two-class method does not apply in periods in which a net loss is reported.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset-and-liability method in accordance with ASC 740,Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.

The Company follows the guidance in ASC Topic 740 – 10 in assessing uncertain tax positions. The standard applies to all tax positions and clarifies the recognition of tax benefits in the financial statements by providing for a two-step approach of recognition and measurement. The first step involves assessing whether the tax position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination based upon its technical merits. The second step involves measurement of the amount to be recognized. Tax positions that meet the more-likely than-not threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate finalization with the taxing authority. The Company recognizes the impact of an uncertain income tax position in the financial statements if it believes that the position is more likely than not to be sustained by the relevant taxing authority. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to tax positions in income tax expense as applicable.

Defined Contribution Plan

The Company has a defined retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan allows eligible employees to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre-tax basis. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company participates in a matching safe harbor 401(k) Plan with a Company contribution of up to 3.5% of each eligible participating employee’s compensation. Safe harbor contributions vest immediately for each participant. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company made $164,000 and$120,000, respectively, in contributions under this safe harbor 401(k) Plan.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and changes in unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale investments.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined it operates inone segment. For further discussion on Segment Reporting, see Note 15 -“Segment Disclosures.”

New Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”) to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2024-03 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Medtronic Agreement

In June 2022, Orchestra BioMed, Inc., BackBeat and Medtronic entered into the Medtronic Agreement for the development and commercialization of AVIM Therapy for the treatment of pacemaker-indicated patients with uncontrolled HTN despite the use of anti-hypertensive medications (the “Primary Field”). Under the terms of the Medtronic Agreement, the Company is sponsoring an ongoing multinational pivotal study, to support regulatory approval of AVIM Therapy in the Primary Field and is financially responsible for development, clinical and regulatory costs associated with this pivotal study. AVIM Therapy has been integrated into the Medtronic top-of-the-line, commercially available dual-chamber pacemaker system specifically for use in the pivotal trial and will provide development, clinical and regulatory resources in support of the pivotal trial, for which the Company will reimburse Medtronic at cost.

Under the terms of the Medtronic Agreement, Medtronic will have exclusive rights to commercialize AVIM-enabled pacing systems globally following receipt of regulatory approval. Medtronic would be entirely responsible for global commercialization following receipt of regulatory approvals, including manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution costs.

The Company is expected to receive between$500 and$1,600 per AVIM-enabled device sold based on a formula of the higher of (1) a fixed dollar amount per AVIM-enabled device (amount varies materially on a country-by-country basis) or (2) a percentage of the AVIM Therapy-generated sales. Procedures using the AVIM-enabled pacemakers are expected to be billed under existing reimbursement codes.

Medtronic has a right of first negotiation through U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval of AVIM Therapy in the Primary Field, to expand its global rights to AVIM Therapy for the treatment of HTN patients not indicated for a pacemaker.

The Company assessed whether the Medtronic Agreement fell within the scope of ASC 808 and concluded that the Medtronic Agreement is a collaboration within the scope of ASC 808. In addition, the Company determined that Medtronic is a customer for a good or service that is a distinct unit of account, and therefore, the transactions in the Medtronic Agreement should be accounted for under ASC 606.

The Company has concluded that the license granted to Medtronic is not distinct from the development and implementation services that will be provided to Medtronic through the completion of the development of HTN indication, as Medtronic cannot obtain the benefit of the license without the related development and implementation services. ASC 606-10-55-65 includes an exception for the recognition of revenue relating to licenses of intellectual property with sales-based or usage-based royalties. Under this exception, royalty revenue is not recorded until the subsequent sale or usage occurs, or the performance obligation has been satisfied, whichever is later.

The Company concluded that the exemption applies and therefore, the royalty revenue associated with these performance obligations will be recognized as the underlying sales occur. Additionally, pursuant to the Medtronic Agreement, expenses incurred by Medtronic in connection with clinical device development and regulatory activities performed will be reimbursed by the Company. The Company will record such expenses as research and development expenses as incurred. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company incurred approximately$2.6 million and$3.4 million, respectively, of research and development costs related to these reimbursements pursuant to the Medtronic Agreement, of which$2.6 million is included within accounts payable and accrued expenses in the Company’s March 31, 2026 condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Concurrently with the close of the Medtronic Agreement, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. also received a$40.0 million investment from Medtronic in connection with Orchestra BioMed, Inc.’s Series D-2 Preferred Stock financing. The equity was purchased at a fair value consistent with the price paid by other investors at that time, and accordingly, the proceeds received were recorded as an equity investment.

On July 31, 2025, Orchestra BioMed, Inc., BackBeat and Medtronic entered into an amendment to the Medtronic Agreement, which became effective on August 4, 2025 (the “Medtronic Agreement Amendment”), to provide, among other things, a development and commercialization framework for future AVIM-therapy integration into a dual-chamber leadless pacemaker. Pursuant to the Medtronic Agreement Amendment, the Company will, among other things, be required to reimburse Medtronic for certain expenses incurred in connection with the integration of AVIM-therapy into Medtronic’s dual-chamber leadless pacemaker, up to a specified cap.

On July 31, 2025, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. and BackBeat, entered into a loan agreement with Medtronic, pursuant to which Medtronic agreed to extend a convertible loan to the Company in the aggregate original principal amount of$20.0 million. For additional details, see Note 14 –“Debt Financing.”

Concurrently with the close of the Medtronic Agreement Amendment on August 4, 2025, Medtronic, through an affiliate, Covidien Group S.à.r.l. (“Covidien”), purchased 4,077,427 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of$2.75 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately$11.2 million, pursuant to a stock purchase agreement, dated as of July 31, 2025 and amended on August 1, 2025, between the Company and Covidien (as amended, the “Medtronic Stock Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the terms of the Medtronic Stock Purchase Agreement, Covidien purchased an additional 132,282 shares of Common Stock on August 28, 2025 at a purchase price of$2.75 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of$363,775, as a result of the exercise by the underwriters in the Public Offering (as defined below) of their option to purchase an additional 2,182,500 shares of Common Stock (See Note 7 –“Common and Preferred Stock”). The equity was purchased at a fair value consistent with the price paid by other investors at that time, and accordingly, the proceeds received were recorded as an equity investment.

Through March 31, 2026, there have beenno amounts recognized as revenue under the Medtronic Agreement, as amended pursuant to the Medtronic Agreement Amendment (the “Amended Medtronic Agreement”).

4. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

The Level 2 assets consist of government and corporate debt securities which are valued using market observable inputs, including the current interest rate and other characteristics for similar types of investments, whose fair value may not represent actual transactions of identical securities. There wereno transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 for the periods presented.

The Level 3 liabilities consist of the derivative liability associated with the Series A Preferred Stock, of which the fair values were measured upon issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock and are remeasured to fair value at each reporting period. The valuation methodology and underlying assumptions are discussed further in Note 8 –* “Derivative Liability.”* Significant change to the inputs used in determining the fair value would result in significant changes to the fair value measurement.

5. Marketable Securities and Strategic Investments

Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of the Company’s marketable securities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The Company believes it is more likely than not that its marketable securities in an unrealized loss position will be held until maturity or the recovery of the cost basis of the investment. To date, the Company has not recorded any allowance for credit losses on its investment securities. The Company determined that the unrealized losses were not attributed to credit risk but were primarily driven by the broader change in interest rates. As of March 31, 2026,$3.4 million of the Company’s marketable securities had maturities of 12 to 36 months while the remaining marketable securities had maturities of less than 12 months.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Companydid not recognize any realized gains or losses on its marketable securities.

Strategic Investments

The Company’s long-term strategic investments as of December 31, 2025 represented investments made in Vivasure in 2022, 2021 and 2020 that were originally recorded at cost. There wereno observable price changes, other than as described below, or impairments identified during the three months ended March 31, 2025 related to these investments.

On January 9, 2026, Haemonetics Corporation, a global medical technology company focused on delivering innovative solutions designed to improve patient outcomes, announced its acquisition of Vivasure. Vivasure was a strategic investment of the Company prior to its acquisition. In connection with the closing of the transaction, the Company can receive up to approximately$10.7 million of proceeds in 2026 associated with the transaction. In January, the Company received the initial upfront payment of$4.7 million and the remainder may be received in 2026 based on the achievement of a milestone. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized a gain on the sale of strategic investments of$2.2 million. The Company may receive additional proceeds in the future associated with revenue earnouts based on the achievement of certain milestones.

6. Balance Sheet Components

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

As of March 31, 2026,$565,000 of equipment is not yet in service and has not yet commenced depreciation.

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following:

7. Common and Preferred Stock

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 340,000,000 shares of Common Stock.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of$0.0001 per share. The board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) has the authority to issue preferred stock and to determine the rights, privileges, preferences, restrictions, and voting rights of those shares. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025,200,000 shares of preferred stock were outstanding.

Series A Preferred Stock

On October 24, 2025, concurrent with the execution of the Termination and ROFR Agreement, the Company and Terumo Medical Corporation (“TMC”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Terumo Securities Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which TMC purchased 200,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock (“Preferred Shares”) at a purchase price equal to$100.00 per share for gross proceeds to the Company of$20.0 million. The closing of the sale of the Preferred Shares pursuant to the Terumo Securities Purchase Agreement occurred on November 7, 2025.

The Series A Preferred Stock was accounted for as mezzanine equity in accordance with ASC 480 and the embedded conversion and redemption features were separated from the host instrument and recognized as derivative liability with change in fair value at each reporting period end recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. (see Note 8 –“Derivative Liability”).

The Company utilized an option pricing valuation to determine the fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock at issuance. The valuation incorporated Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy including the expected life of Series A Preferred Stock, expected volatility, and discount rate as well as probability-weighted outcomes. Assumptions used in the valuation also take into account the contractual terms as well as the quoted price of the Company’s common stock in an active market. Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation would result in significant changes to the fair value measurement.

A roll-forward of the Series A Preferred Stock activity is presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands):

At-the-Market Offering and Shelf Registration Statement

On August 12, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with TD Securities (USA) LLC, as agent (“TD Cowen”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through TD Cowen, up to$100.0 million of shares of Common Stock (the “Offering”) by any method permitted by law and deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act. The Offering is being made pursuant to a shelf registration statement, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2024 and declared effective on May 24, 2024 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”), a base prospectus, dated May 24, 2024, included as part of the Shelf Registration Statement, and a prospectus supplement, dated August 12, 2024 filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5) on August 12, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company sold 1,451,439 shares of Common Stock under the Sales Agreement resulting in aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of approximately$6.0 million and net proceeds to the Company of approximately$5.9 million. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had up to$92.4 million of Common Stock available to sell under the Sales Agreement.

8. Derivative Liability

The Company assessed the Series A Preferred Stock features to determine whether any features are required to be bifurcated and separately accounted for as an embedded derivative. The Company concluded that certain conversion and redemption features meet the requirements to be separately accounted for as a bifurcated derivative. The Series A Preferred Stock was accounted for as mezzanine equity in accordance with ASC 480 and the embedded conversion and redemption features were separated from the host instrument and recognized as derivative liabilities with change in fair value at each reporting period end recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company performed a “with-and-without” scenario analysis to determine the fair value of the derivative liability by comparing the value of the Series A Preferred Stock including the bifurcated embedded derivatives to the value of the Series A Preferred Stock excluding them. The Company utilized an option pricing valuation with the expected life of Series A Preferred Stock, expected volatility, and discount rate as significant inputs as well as probability-weighted outcomes. Assumptions used in the valuation also take into account the contractual terms as well as the quoted price of the Common Stock in an active market. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation would result in significant changes to the fair value measurement.

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands):

The option pricing valuation used to determine the fair value, used the following assumptions:

Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment and estimation by management:

Expected Term* — *The expected term represents the estimated time until the conversion or redemption events are achieved.

Expected Volatility* —** *The Company derives volatility over the expected term using its own historical stock price volatility.

Risk-Free Interest Rate* —** *The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of the remeasurement and all thereafter for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities commensurate with the remaining term.

Expected Dividend Yield*—** *The expected dividend yield is zero as the Company has not paid, and the Company does not anticipate paying, any dividends on the Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

Market Discount Rate –The Company utilizes the S&P corporate yield curve with a tenor commensurate with the expected term to estimate a discount rate applicable to the Company’s credit risk.

Fair Value of Common Stock*—** *The Company utilizes the price of its publicly-traded Common Stock as an input in determining the fair value of the derivative.

9. Warrants

The Company evaluates its outstanding warrants to determine if the instruments qualify for equity or liability classification.

Summarized Outstanding Warrants

The following table summarizes outstanding warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

10. Stock-Based Compensation

Orchestra BioMed Holdings, Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan

On January 26, 2023, the Company adopted the Orchestra BioMed Holdings, Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”), which permits the granting of incentive stock options, non-qualified options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards and other stock-based award to employees, directors, and non-employee consultants and/or advisors. As of March 31, 2026, approximately 480,000 shares of Common Stock were authorized for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2023 Plan. The pool of available shares is automatically increased on the first day of each calendar year, beginning January 1, 2024 and ending January 1, 2032, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i)4.8% of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock determined on a fully-diluted basis as of the immediately preceding December 31 and (ii)3,036,722 shares of Common Stock, and (iii) such number of shares of Common Stock determined by the Board or the Compensation Committee prior to January 1st of a given year. Employees, consultants, and directors are eligible for awards granted under the 2023 Plan, which generally have a contractual life of up to 10 years and may be exercisable in cash or as otherwise determined by the Board. Vesting generally occurs over a period of not greater than four years.

Orchestra BioMed Holdings, Inc. 2025 New Hire Inducement Plan

In November 2025, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2025 New Hire Inducement Plan (the "Inducement Plan"). The Inducement Plan provides for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, RSUs and other stock-based awards with respect to an aggregate of 950,000 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment as provided in the Inducement Plan). Awards under the Inducement Plan may only be granted to new employees who were not previously an employee or director of the Company or are commencing employment with the Company following a bona fide period of non-employment, in either case, as an inducement material to the individual’s entering into employment with the Company and in accordance with the requirements of Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635(c)(4). In February 2026, the Company granted inducement equity awards tonine new employees as a material inducement to acceptance of their respective employment consisting of stock options to purchase up to an aggregate of 120,000 shares of the Common Stock. As of March 31, 2026, there were approximately 693,750 shares remaining available for future issuance under the Inducement Plan.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Total stock-based compensation related to option issuances was as follows:

As of March 31, 2026, there was approximately$10.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense associated with the stock options noted above that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3.1 years.

Total stock-based compensation related to restricted stock awards and restricted stock units was as follows:

As of March 31, 2026, there was approximately$11.0 million of unrecognized restricted stock-based compensation expense associated with the restricted stock noted above that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.5 years.

On February 28, 2025, the Company issued equity-classified warrants to purchase 60,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of$4.69 per share to non-employee consultants. The warrants were issued as consideration for entering into an agreement for future services. At the grant date,6,000 became exercisable while the remaining vested ratably over eight months. Assumptions used were an expected term (in years) of 2.84, expected volatility of 110.1%, risk-free interest rate of 3.99%, expected dividend yield of 0%, and the fair value of Common Stock of$3.12.

Total stock-based compensation related to warrants was as follows:

As of March 31, 2026, the stock-based compensation expense associated with the warrants noted above is fully recognized.

Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the stock option activity of the Company under the 2023 Plan and the Inducement Plan:

The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was$3.27 and$3.76 per share, respectively.

Restricted Equity Awards Activity

The following table summarizes the restricted stock awards and restricted stock units activity of the Company under the 2023 Plan:

No performance-based restricted stock awards or units were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026. The fair value of restricted stock units vested during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was$1.5 million.

Determination of Stock Option Awards Fair Value

The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s option awards was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following weighted average assumptions:

The fair value of each stock option grant was determined by the Company using the methods and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment and estimation by management.

Expected Term —The expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company’s historical share option exercise information is limited due to a lack of sufficient data points and did not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate an expected term. The expected term for option grants is therefore determined using the “simplified” method, as prescribed in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 107. The simplified method deems the expected term to be the midpoint between the vesting date and the contractual life of the stock-based awards.

Expected Volatility —The Company derives volatility over the expected term using its own historical stock price volatility.

Risk-Free Interest Rate —The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the stock-based awards’ expected term.

Expected Dividend Yield—The expected dividend yield is zero as the Company has not paid, and the Company does not anticipate paying, any dividends on the Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

Fair Value of Common Stock — The Company utilizes the price of its publicly-traded Common Stock to determine the grant date fair value of awards.

11. Leases

Office Lease

In August 2024, the Company entered into an additional addendum to the lease agreement for office space in New Hope, PA originally entered into by Orchestra BioMed, Inc. in December 2009 (as amended, the “New Hope Lease”). The New Hope Lease covers 8,052 square feet and will expire in September 2027. Monthly fees under the New Hope Lease range between$17,000 and$19,000 for the period from the August 2024 addendum through expiration.

In November 2019, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. entered into a new lease agreement for approximately 5,200 square feet of office space in New York, NY. In November 2022, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. entered into an amendment for this lease which increased the office space square footage to approximately 7,800 and amended the expiration to April 2028. Monthly fees range between$28,000 and$40,000 for the period from commencement through expiration.

In September 2024, the Company entered into a new lease for 6,496 square feet of office space in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The agreement will expire in December 2027. The monthly fees commenced in November 2024, the commencement date of the agreement, and range between$16,000 and$17,000 for the period from commencement through expiration.

Operating cash flow supplemental information for the three months ended March 31, 2026:

Cash paid for amounts included in the present value of operating lease liabilities was$257,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to$244,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Operating Leases

The components of lease expense were as follows:

Variable lease costs consist primarily of common area maintenance costs, insurance and taxes which are paid based upon actual costs incurred by the lessor. The table below shows the future minimum rental payments, exclusive of taxes, insurance, and other costs, under the leases as of March 31, 2026:

12. Related Party Transactions

In addition to transactions and balances related to cash and stock-based compensation to officers and directors, the Company had the following transactions and balances with related parties during the year ended December 31, 2025:

As part of the Public Offering, on August 4, 2025, (i) entities associated with RTW Investments, LP (collectively, “RTW”), which beneficially owned approximately 21% of the Common Stock immediately prior to the Public Offering, purchased Pre-Funded Warrants exercisable for 3,636,363 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Perceptive Life Sciences Master Fund, Ltd, which beneficially owned approximately 12% of the Common Stock immediately prior to the Public Offering, purchased Pre-Funded Warrants exercisable for 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock.

In addition, transactions between the Company and Medtronic are disclosed in both Note 3 –“Medtronic Agreement” and Note 14 –“Debt Financing.”

The Company had no other transactions or balances with current related parties during the three months ended March 31, 2026.* *

13. Royalty Purchase Agreement

On July 31, 2025, the Company entered into a revenue participation right purchase and sale agreement (the “Royalty Purchase Agreement”) with Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Ligand”). Under the terms of the Royalty Purchase Agreement, in exchange for payment of$35.0 million (the “Investment Amount”), less certain reimbursable expenses, Ligand acquired the right to receive tiered royalty payments from the Company (the “Royalty Interest”) with respect to revenue (including certain licensing revenue) received by the Company in a calendar year in connection with worldwide net product sales, or other product revenue received, by the Company and its licensees (“Annual Net Sales”) of (a) AVIM Therapy (the “Primary Product”) and (b) Virtue SAB (the “Secondary Product” and together with the Primary Product, the “Products”) in the field of coronary artery treatment.

Pursuant to the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Investment Amount shall be paid intwo tranches: (i)$20.0 million was paid on August 4, 2025 (the “Ligand Closing”) and (ii)$15.0 million was payable and received on May 1, 2026 (the “Second Installment”), provided certain conditions have been met. In repayment of the Investment Amount, the Company will remit 17.0% of revenues related to the Products until an annual total of$17.0 million has been remitted to Ligand, thereafter the Company will remit (a)4.0% of revenues related to the Primary Product in the field of hypertension treatment and (b)4.0% of revenues related to the Secondary Product in the field of coronary artery treatment. In addition, under the terms of the Royalty Purchase Agreement, unless and until Ligand pays the Second Installment, Ligand shall only be entitled to 57.1% of the amounts it would otherwise be due under the Royalty Purchase Agreement. However, regardless of whether the Second Installment has been paid, under the terms of the Royalty Purchase Agreement, the percentages referenced in the second sentence of this paragraph will incrementally increase from 17.0% and 4.0% up to 20.0% and 7.0%, respectively, if the Company does not achieve certain enrollment milestones relating to the BACKBEAT clinical study through January 1, 2027.

The Royalty Interest in respect of Annual Net Sales of the Products will end on the date in which no Product is being developed or commercialized by or on behalf of the Company, any of its affiliates, or any of its or their licensees or distributors and Ligand has received the last Royalty Interest payment payable under the terms of the Royalty Purchase Agreement. The obligations arising under the Royalty Purchase Agreement are secured by security interests in, and pledges over, the Royalty Interest, the Revenue Participation Right (as defined in the Royalty Purchase Agreement) and the Company’s interests in the Products and associated intellectual property rights, subject to certain agreed security principles, permitted liens and other customary exceptions and qualifications, and the security interests in the Products and associated intellectual property rights of the Company are subordinate in right of payment to the prior payment in full of the outstanding indebtedness under the 2024 LSA (as defined below). The Royalty Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and indemnities of the Company and Ligand, and customary covenants on the part of the Company.

In connection with the sale of the Royalty Interest, and pursuant to the terms of the Royalty Purchase Agreement, on August 4, 2025, the Company issued to Ligand a warrant (the “Ligand Warrant”) to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of the Common Stock (the “Ligand Warrant Shares”), at an exercise price equal to$3.67 per share. The exercise price of the Ligand Warrant and the number of Ligand Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Ligand Warrant are subject to adjustments for stock splits, combinations, stock dividends or similar events. Pursuant to the terms of the Ligand Warrant, the Ligand Warrant Shares shall vest and become exercisable as follows: (i)1,142,857 of the Ligand Warrant Shares (the “First Tranche”) vested upon issuance; and (ii)857,143 of the Ligand Warrant Shares will vest on the date of payment of the Second Installment. In the event that the Second Installment is not paid, the Ligand Warrant shall only be exercisable with respect to the First Tranche. The Ligand Warrant is exercisable forten years from the date of issuance.

The Company accounted for its sale of royalty revenues to Ligand, pursuant to the Royalty Purchase Agreement, in accordance with ASC 470,Debt, which addresses situations in which an entity receives cash from an investor in return for an agreement to pay the investor a specified percentage of the revenue from a contractual right. The Company classified the proceeds received from the sale to Ligand as debt as the Company determined that it had significant continuing involvement in the generation of the cash flows to Ligand. Interest related to the Royalty Purchase Agreement will be recognized utilizing the effective interest method over the estimated term. When the Company receives the Second Installment, such Second Installment will also be recorded as a liability related to the sale of future royalties when they are received and amortized under the effective interest method over the estimated remaining term of the Royalty Purchase Agreement.

The Company’s estimate of this total interest expense associated with the Royalty Interest resulted in an effective annual interest rate of approximately 23.3% as of March 31, 2026 and 23.1% as of December 31, 2025. This estimate contains significant assumptions that impact the interest expense that will be recognized over the royalty period. The Company will periodically assess the estimated amounts due and payable to Ligand and to the extent the amount or timing of such payments is materially different than the original estimates, an adjustment will be recorded prospectively to the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. There are a number of factors that could materially affect the amount and timing of the royalty payments to be paid by the Company to Ligand and, correspondingly, the amount of interest expense recorded by the Company.

The following table shows the activity of the Royalty Purchase Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands):

14. Debt Financing

2025 Medtronic Loan Agreement

On July 31, 2025, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. and BackBeat, entered into a Loan Agreement with Medtronic (the “Medtronic Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which Medtronic agreed to extend a convertible loan to the Company in the aggregate original principal amount of$20.0 million (the “Medtronic Loan”). The Medtronic Loan is evidenced by a secured subordinated convertible promissory note (the “Medtronic Note”) of the Company. The issuance of the Medtronic Note to Medtronic and the funding of the Medtronic Loan was received on May 1, 2026 pursuant to the conditions described in the Medtronic Loan Agreement.

The Medtronic Note will accrue simple interest at a rate of 11% per annum provided that no interest payments will be paid or due until maturity. The Medtronic Note does not allow for prepayment without the prior consent of Medtronic. Unless earlier converted, or redeemed, the Medtronic Note will mature on April 27, 2031 (the “Repayment Date”). In addition, the payment or other satisfaction of the obligations set forth in the Medtronic Loan Agreement are subordinate in right of payment to the prior payment in full of the senior obligations. The obligations arising under the Medtronic Loan Agreement and the Medtronic Note are secured by security interests in, and pledges over, the Company’s assets, subject to certain agreed security principles, permitted liens and other customary exceptions and qualifications.

The principal balance of the Medtronic Note, together with all accrued and unpaid interest thereon (collectively, the “Balance”) will automatically convert into a revenue share (the “Revenue Share Credit”), if FDA approval of a Medtronic device incorporating AVIM is achieved prior to the Repayment Date. Upon conversion of the then outstanding Balance the Company shall pay to Medtronic the Revenue Share Credit, which shall equal 15% of the revenue share amounts that the Company receives under the Amended Medtronic Agreement, until such time as the total Revenue Share Credit payments equal$40.0 million.

The Medtronic Loan Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the Medtronic Loan Agreement contains customary events of default that entitle Medtronic to cause the Company’s indebtedness under the Note to become immediately due and payable, and to exercise remedies against the Company and the collateral securing the Loan. Upon the occurrence and for the duration of an event of default, an additional default interest rate equal to 2.0% per annum may apply to all obligations owed under the Loan Agreement.

The proceeds from the Medtronic Loan Agreement were not received as of the balance sheet date. Therefore, they were not included in the principal payments table below nor included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, the proceeds were received prior to the filing of this Quarterly Report.

2024 Loan and Security Agreement

On November 6, 2024 (the “LSA Closing Date”), the Company and certain of its subsidiaries (together with the Company, the “Borrower”) entered into a Loan and Security Agreement, by and among the Borrower, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities party thereto, as lenders (collectively, the “Hercules Lenders”), and Hercules Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”), as administrative agent and collateral agent for itself and the Hercules Lenders, as amended by that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of December 30, 2024, Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of July 31, 2025 and Third Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 6, 2026 (as amended, the “2024 LSA”).

The 2024 LSA provides a secured term loan facility of up to$50.0 million in up to two tranches (collectively, the “Term Loans”), with the first tranche of$15.0 million drawn on the LSA Closing Date, and a second tranche of up to$35.0 million that may be borrowed by the Company in the discretion of the lender’s investment committee.

Under the terms of the 2024 LSA, the initial date upon which the Company has to begin amortizing the Term Loans is June 1, 2028. The Term Loans accrue interest at a floating per annum rate equal to the greater of (i) (x) the “prime rate” as reported in The Wall Street Journal plus (y)2.0%, and (ii)9.50%. The repayment terms of the Term Loans include monthly payments over a 4-year period, consisting of an interest-only period expiring June 1, 2028, followed bysix monthly principal payments plus interest. At the Company’s option, the Company may prepay all or a portion of the outstanding Term Loans, subject to a prepayment premium equal to (a)3.0% of the Term Loans being prepaid if the prepayment occurs during the twelve months following the LSA Closing Date, (b)2.0% of the Term Loans being prepaid if the prepayment occurs after 12 months following the LSA Closing Date but on or prior to 24 months following the LSA Closing Date, and (c)1.0% of the Term Loans being prepaid if the prepayment occurs after 24 months following the LSA Closing Date and prior to the maturity date. In addition, the Company will pay an end of term charge of 6.35% of the principal amount of the Term Loans upon the prepayment or repayment of the Term Loans and a facility charge of 0.75% upon any draws of the Term Loans.

In connection with the entry into the 2024 LSA, on the LSA Closing Date, the Company issued each of the Hercules Lenders a warrant to purchase Common Stock, which warrants were amended effective August 4, 2025 in connection with the Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (as amended, each a “Hercules Warrant” and, collectively, the “Hercules Warrants”). Pursuant to the terms of the Hercules Warrants, each Hercules Lender can purchase that number of shares of Common Stock equal to (i)(x)0.04, multiplied by (y) the aggregate principal amount of all Term Loan Advances (as defined in the 2024 LSA) made to the Company by the applicable Lender, divided by (ii)$3.58, which is the exercise price of the Hercules Warrants. Each Hercules Warrant is exercisable forseven years from the LSA Closing Date.

The 2024 LSA includes customary affirmative and negative covenants and representations and warranties, including a covenant against the occurrence of a “change in control,” financial reporting obligations, and certain limitations on indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions (including dividends), collateral, transfers, mergers or acquisitions, taxes, corporate changes, and bank accounts. The 2024 LSA also includes customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of covenants following any applicable cure period, the occurrence of certain events that could reasonably be expected to have a “material adverse effect” as set forth in the 2024 LSA, cross acceleration to third-party indebtedness and certain events relating to bankruptcy or insolvency. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, Hercules may declare all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and take such other actions as set forth in the 2024 LSA.

The Company must maintain Qualified Cash (as defined in the 2024 LSA), beginning on January 1, 2027 (subject to being extended to as late as January 1, 2028 depending on the Company’s receipt of specified net cash proceeds from specified sources), in an amount greater than or equal to (x) the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan Advances, multiplied by (y) the applicable Cash Coverage Percentage (as defined in the 2024 LSA), which percentage ranges from a minimum of 45% to a maximum of 75% of Term Loan Advances, depending upon the amount of Qualified Cash.

The following table shows the amount of principal payments due pursuant to the Term Loans by year:

Total interest expense recorded on these facilities during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was approximately$480,000 and$462,000, respectively.

15. Segment Disclosures

The Company hasone reportable segment, which consists of the development of clinical and preclinical product candidates through risk-reward sharing partnerships with leading medical device companies. The Company’s CODM, its Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company's operations on a consolidated basis for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources based on net loss that also is reported on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss as consolidated net loss. Net loss is used by the CODM to make key strategic and operational decisions. The measure of segment assets is reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets. The majority of the Company's long-lived assets are held in the United States.

The following table presents selected financial information, including significant expenses regularly reviewed by the CODM, about the Company’s single operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

16. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share of Common Stock is computed by dividing net loss less any adjustment to the carrying value of Series A Preferred Stock by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock which includes the weighted average effect of the Pre-Funded Warrants, for the purchase of shares of Common Stock, for which the remaining unfunded exercise price is$0.0001 per share. Shares of Common Stock outstanding but subject to forfeiture and cancellation by the Company are excluded from the weighted-average number of shares until the period in which such shares are no longer subject to forfeiture. In connection with the Business Combination, the Sponsor agreed that 25% or 1,000,000 of the shares of Common Stock held by the Sponsor (the “Forfeitable Shares”) will be forfeited to the Company on the first business day following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), unless, as to 500,000 shares, the volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock is greater than or equal to$15.00 per share over any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period (the “Initial Milestone Event”), and as to the remaining 500,000 shares, the volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock is greater than or equal to$20.00 per share over any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period (the “Final Milestone Event”). On April 12, 2023, the Initial Milestone Event was achieved and 500,000 of the Forfeitable Shares are no longer subject to forfeiture. However, the Final Milestone event has not occurred, and 500,000 Forfeitable Shares remain subject to forfeiture.

In connection with the Business Combination, existing Orchestra BioMed, Inc. stockholders had the opportunity to elect to participate in an earnout (the “Earnout”) pursuant to which such each electing stockholder (each, an “Earnout Participant”) may receive a portion of additional contingent consideration of up to 8,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Earnout Consideration”). Each Earnout Participant agreed to extend their applicable lock-up period from 6 months to 12 months after the Closing, pursuant to an Earnout Election Agreement and such Earnout Participants are collectively be entitled to receive: (i)4,000,000 shares of the Earnout Consideration, in the event that, from the time beginning immediately after the Closing until the fifth anniversary of the Closing (the “Earnout Period”), the Initial Milestone Event occurs; and (ii) an additional 4,000,000 shares of the Earnout Consideration, in the event that, during the Earnout Period, the Final Milestone Event occurs. Approximately 91% of Orchestra BioMed, Inc. stockholders elected to participate in the Earnout. On April 12, 2023, the Initial Milestone Event was achieved, and each Earnout Participant was issued their Pro Rata Portion (as such term is defined in the merger agreement for the Business Combination) of 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock, resulting in a total of 3,999,987 shares of Common Stock being issued (less than 4,000,000 due to rounding).

Diluted net loss per share of Common Stock includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, such as stock options, Orchestra BioMed, Inc. Warrants, Private Warrants, Officer and Director Warrants, Forfeitable Shares, Earnout Consideration, and Series A Preferred Stock, using the if-converted method, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of Common Stock, unless their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The following outstanding potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, as their effect is anti-dilutive: