HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES INC /NY

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Hudson Technologies, Inc. (“Hudson” or the “Company”), incorporated under the laws of New York on January 11, 1991, is a refrigerant services company providing innovative solutions to recurring problems within the refrigeration industry. Hudson provides environmentally sustainable solutions from initial sale of refrigerant gas through recovery, reclamation and reuse, peak operating performance of equipment through energy efficiency and emergency air conditioning and refrigeration system repair, to final refrigerant disposal and carbon credit trading.

The Company’s operations consist ofone reportable segment. The Company’s products and services are primarily used in commercial air conditioning, industrial processing and refrigeration systems, and include refrigerant and industrial gas sales, refrigerant management services consisting primarily of reclamation of refrigerants and RefrigerantSide® Services performed at a customer’s site. RefrigerantSide® Services consist of system decontamination to remove moisture, oils and other contaminants intended to restore systems to designed capacity. As a component of the Company’s products and services, the Company also participates in the generation of carbon offset projects. The Company operates principally through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Technologies Company. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company”, “Hudson”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or similar pronouns refer to Hudson Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

In preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements, and in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 855-10 “Subsequent Events”, the Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events through the date that the financial statements were filed.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial statements and with the instructions of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The financial information included in this quarterly report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024. Operating results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included and all such adjustments were normal and recurring.

Recent Acquisition

On June 6, 2024, the Company’s subsidiary Hudson Technologies Company completed the acquisition of substantially all the business assets of USA United Suppliers of America, Inc. (d/b/a USA Refrigerants) (“USA Refrigerants”) and B&B Jobber Services, Inc. (collectively, the “USA Refrigerants Acquisition”). The consideration for the USA Refrigerants Acquisition was approximately $20.7 million in cash, paid at the closing, and provides for a further contingent payment of up to $2.0 million payable, to the extent earned, approximately 18 months from the closing date.

USA Refrigerants is a leading refrigerant distributor and distributes, reclaims and packages refrigerant gases for a variety of end uses. Potential benefits of the USA Refrigerants Acquisition include (i) providing a broader customer network which will provide the Company with increased access to refrigerant for reclamation and strengthen the Company’s refrigerant distribution capabilities; (ii) adding incremental access to recovered pounds of refrigerants for sale in future periods to support the growth in reclamation; and (iii) enhancing the Company’s geographic footprint in the United States.

AIM Act

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) issued several final rules establishing the framework to allocate allowances for production and consumption of newly manufactured hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants (“HFCs”) and has provided allowances through 2029. The EPA is responsible for the administration of the HFC phase down enacted by Congress under the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act (the “AIM Act”). There are no restrictions placed on the reclamation of HFC refrigerants.

The AIM Act directs the EPA to address the reduction in virgin HFCs and provides authority to do so in three respects:

Congress required that the EPA consider ways to promote reclamation in all phases of its implementation of the AIM Act. The AIM Act introduced a stepdown of 10% from baseline levels in 2022 and 2023, and establishes a cumulative 40% reduction in the baseline for 2024 through 2029. Hudson received allocation allowances for calendar years 2023 and 2024 equal to approximately 1% of the total HFC consumption allowances, with allowances for future periods to be determined at a later date. In addition, the EPA has finalized its technology transition rule, requiring the manufacturing and installation of lower global warming potential (“GWP”) systems commencing in 2025 and beyond.

Reclamation is critical to maintaining necessary HFC supply levels for the installed base of operating systems to ensure an orderly phasedown so that systems owners are able to recognize the full economic value of their systems through end of life. Reclamation is not subject to the allowance system or restricted from use.

On September 20, 2024, the EPA announced the latest actions to phase down HFCs under the AIM Act:

Final Refrigerant Management Rule – The rule requires better management and reuse of existing HFCs, including by reducing wasteful leaks from equipment and supporting HFC recycling and reclamation. The rule includes requirements for repairing leaky equipment, use of automatic leak detection systems on large refrigeration systems, mandating the use of reclaimed HFCs for certain applications, recovery of HFCs from cylinders before their disposal, and a container tracking system.

Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, represent all companies of which Hudson directly or indirectly has majority ownership or otherwise controls. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of wholly-owned subsidiaries Hudson Holdings, Inc. and Hudson Technologies Company. The Company does not present a statement of comprehensive income as its comprehensive income is the same as its net income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of financial instruments including cash, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, because of the relatively short maturity of these instruments. See Note 2 for further details.

Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of temporary cash investments and trade accounts receivable. The Company maintains its temporary cash investments in highly-rated financial institutions and, at times, the balances exceed FDIC insurance coverage. The Company’s trade accounts receivable are primarily due from companies throughout the United States. The Company reviews each customer’s credit history before extending credit.

The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses. In accordance with the “expected credit loss” model, the carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by a valuation allowance that reflects the Company’s best estimate of the amounts that it does not expect to collect. In addition to reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, the Company considers many factors in estimating its reserve, including types of customers and their credit worthiness, experience and historical data adjusted for current conditions.

The carrying value of the Company’s accounts receivable is reduced by the established allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses includes any accounts receivable balances that are determined to be uncollectible, along with a general reserve for the remaining accounts receivable balances. The Company adjusts its reserves based on factors that affect the collectability of the accounts receivable balances.

For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the United States Defense Logistics Agency (the “DLA”) accounted for greater than 10% of the Company’s revenue and over 10% of the outstanding accounts receivable at September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. Revenue from the DLA totaled $30.2 million and $28.0 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. Accounts receivable from the DLA totaled $6.2 million and $3.5 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The loss of a principal customer or a decline in the economic prospects of and/or a reduction in purchases of the Company’s products or services by any such customer could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results and financial position.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Temporary investments with original maturities of ninety days or less are included in cash and cash equivalents.

Inventories

Inventories, consisting primarily of refrigerant products available for sale, are stated at the lower of cost, on a first-in first-out basis, or net realizable value. Where the market price of inventory is less than the related cost, the Company may be required to write down its inventory through a lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment, the impact of which would be reflected in cost of sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Any such adjustment would be based on management’s judgment regarding future demand and market conditions and analysis of historical experience.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, including internally manufactured equipment. The cost to complete equipment that is under construction is not considered to be material to the Company’s financial position. Provision for depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of economic life or terms of the respective leases. Costs of maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred.

Due to the specialized nature of the Company’s business, it is possible that the Company’s estimates of equipment useful life periods may change in the future.

Goodwill

The Company has made acquisitions that included a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets. The Company applies the purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, which among other things, requires the recognition of goodwill (which represents the excess of the purchase price of the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired and identified intangible assets). The Company tests its goodwill for impairment annually on a qualitative or quantitative basis (on the first day of the fourth quarter) and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of an asset below its carrying value. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. When performing the annual impairment test, the Company has the option of first performing a qualitative assessment, which requires management to make assumptions affecting a reporting unit, to determine the existence of events and circumstances that would lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If such a conclusion is reached, the Company is then required to perform a quantitative impairment assessment of goodwill. The Company hasone reporting unit at September 30, 2025. Other intangible assets that meet certain criteria are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

An impairment charge is recorded based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. An impairment charge would be recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of a reporting unit. These impairment evaluations use many assumptions and estimates in determining an impairment loss, including certain assumptions and estimates related to future earnings. If the Company does not achieve its earnings objectives, the assumptions and estimates underlying these impairment evaluations could be adversely affected, which could result in an asset impairment charge that would negatively impact operating results. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company completed its annual impairment test as of October 1 and determined in its qualitative assessment it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, resulting inno goodwill impairment. There can be no assurances that future sustained declines in macroeconomic or business conditions affecting the Company’s industry will not occur, which could result in goodwill impairment charges in future periods.

There wasno goodwill impairment loss recognized in 2024 or the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. An arrangement contains a lease if it implicitly or explicitly identifies an asset to use and conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration. As a lessee, the Company includes operating leases in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, and long-term lease liabilities in its consolidated balance sheets.

Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized upon commencement of the lease based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for fully collateralized and fully amortizing borrowings over a similar term of the lease payments and commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. When readily determinable, the Company uses the implicit rate. The Company’s lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Expenses associated with operating leases and finance leases are included in selling, general and administrative expense within the consolidated statements of income.

Cylinder Deposit Liability

The cylinder deposit liability, which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Company’s Balance Sheets, represents the amount due to customers for the return of refillable cylinders. The Company charges its customers cylinder deposits upon the shipment of refrigerant gases that are contained in refillable cylinders. The amount charged to the customer by the Company approximates the cost of a new cylinder of the same size. Upon return of a cylinder, this liability is reduced. The cylinder deposit liability balance was $22.8 million and $19.4 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Revenues and Cost of Sales

The Company’s products and services are primarily used in commercial air conditioning, industrial processing and refrigeration systems. Most of the Company’s revenues are realized from the sale of refrigerant and industrial gases and related products. The Company also generates revenue from refrigerant management services performed at a customer’s site and in-house. The Company conducts its business primarily within the US.

The Company applies the FASB’s guidance on revenue recognition, which requires the Company to recognize revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services transferred to its customers. In most instances, the Company’s contract with a customer is the customer’s purchase order and the sales price to the customer is fixed. For certain customers, the Company may also enter into a sales agreement outlining a framework of terms and conditions applicable to future purchase orders received from that customer. Because the Company’s contracts with customers are typically for a single customer purchase order, the duration of the contract is usually less than one year. The Company’s performance obligations related to product sales are satisfied at a point in time, which may occur upon shipment of the product or receipt by the customer, depending on the terms of the arrangement. The Company’s performance obligations related to reclamation and RefrigerantSide® services are generally satisfied at a point in time when the service is performed. Accordingly, revenues are recorded upon the shipment of the product, or in certain instances upon receipt by the customer, or the completion of the service.

In July 2016 the Company was awarded, as prime contractor, afive-year contract, including afive-year renewal option, which has been exercised through July 2026, by the United States Defense Logistics Agency (“DLA”) for the management, supply, and sale of refrigerants, compressed gases, cylinders, and related services. Due to the contract containing multiple performance obligations, the Company assessed the arrangement in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14. The Company determined that the sale of refrigerants and the management services provided under the contract each have stand-alone value. Accordingly, the performance obligation related to the sale of refrigerants is satisfied at a point in time, mainly when the customer receives and obtains control of the product. The performance obligation related to management service revenue is satisfied over time and revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the arrangement as the management services are provided. On October 22, 2025, the Company was awarded, as prime contractor, a new contract with the DLA. Hudson has served as prime contractor since 2016 and retained this contract following a standard periodic competitive review and rebidding process. Thefive-year indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (“IDIQ”) contract includes afive-year renewal option and consists of the management and supply of refrigerants, compressed gases, cylinders and related items to U.S. Military Commands and Installations and Federal civilian agencies. Primary users include the US Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps.

For both nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 management services revenue was $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, which is included within product and related sales revenue in the table below.

Cost of sales is recorded based on the cost of products shipped or services performed and related direct operating costs of the Company’s facilities. In general, the Company performs shipping and handling services for its customers in connection with the delivery of refrigerant and other products. The Company elected to implement ASC 606-10-25-18B, whereby the Company accounts for such shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the good. To the extent that the Company charges its customers shipping fees, such amounts are included as a component of revenue and the corresponding costs are included as a component of cost of sales.

The Company’s revenues are derived from Product and related sales and RefrigerantSide (R) Services revenues. The revenues for each of these lines are as follows:

Income Taxes

The Company is taxed at statutory corporate income tax rates after adjusting income reported for financial statement purposes for certain items. Current income tax expense reflects the tax results of revenues and expenses currently taxable or deductible. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes, which provides for the recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities, based on enacted tax rates and laws, for the differences between the financial and income tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities. The tax benefit associated with the Company’s net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) is recognized to the extent that the Company expects to realize future taxable income.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company hadno federal NOLs, as the Company utilized all of its remaining federal NOLs during the year ended December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had state tax NOLs of approximately $0.8 million, expiring in various years. The Company reviews the likelihood that it will realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law in the U.S. The Company evaluated all provisions of the OBBBA and determined that the only applicable change is the reinstatement of 100% bonus depreciation for qualified property. The impact of this change is not material and is reflected in the Company’s results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025.

The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions, if any, by determining if it is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company believes it had no uncertain tax positions.

Income per Common and Equivalent Shares

If dilutive, common equivalent shares (common shares assuming exercise of options) utilizing the treasury stock method are considered in the presentation of diluted income per share. The reconciliation of shares used to determine net income per share is as follows (dollars in thousands, unaudited):

During the three month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, certain options aggregating 522,428 and 692,092 shares, respectively, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted shares, due to the fact that their effect would be anti-dilutive.

During the nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, certain options aggregating 681,498 and 59,963 shares, respectively, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted shares, due to the fact that their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Estimates and Risks

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these financial statements and footnotes. The Company considers these accounting estimates to be critical in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company uses information available at the time the estimates are made. However, these estimates could change materially if different information or assumptions were used. Additionally, these estimates may not ultimately reflect the actual amounts of the final transactions that occur. The Company utilizes both internal and external sources to evaluate potential current and future liabilities for various commitments and contingencies. In the event that the assumptions or conditions change in the future, the estimates could differ from the original estimates.

Several of the Company’s accounting policies involve significant judgments, uncertainties, and estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. To the extent that actual results differ from management’s judgments and estimates, there could be a material adverse effect on the Company. On a continuous basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those estimates related to its allowance for credit losses, inventory reserves, goodwill and commitments and contingencies. With respect to trade accounts receivable, the Company estimates the necessary allowance for credit losses based on both historical and anticipated trends of payment history and the ability of the customer to fulfill its obligations. For inventory, the Company evaluates both current and anticipated sales prices of its products to determine if a write down of inventory to net realizable value is necessary.

The Company participates in an industry that is highly regulated, and changes in the regulations affecting its business could affect its operating results. Currently the Company purchases virgin hydrofluorocarbon (“HFC”) and hydrofluroolefin (“HFO”) refrigerants and reclaimable, primarily hydrochlorofluorocarbons (“HCFC”), HFC and chlorofluorocarbon (“CFC”), refrigerants from suppliers and its customers. To the extent that the Company is unable to source sufficient quantities of refrigerants or is unable to obtain refrigerants on commercially reasonable terms or experiences a decline in demand and/or price for refrigerants sold by the Company, the Company could realize reductions in revenue from refrigerant sales, which could have a material adverse effect on its operating results and its financial position.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings. The Company assesses the merit and potential liability associated with each of these proceedings. In addition, the Company estimates potential liability, if any, related to these matters. To the extent that these estimates are not accurate, or circumstances change in the future, the Company could realize liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on its operating results and its financial position.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less the cost to sell.

Capitalized Software Development Costs

Capitalized internal-use software costs consist of costs to purchase and develop software. For software to be used solely to meet internal needs and for cloud-based applications used to deliver services, the Company capitalizes costs incurred during the application development stage and includes such costs within property, plant and equipment, net within the consolidated balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023 - 09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires public business entities to disclose additional information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. It also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold. In addition to new disclosures associated with the rate reconciliation, the ASU requires information pertaining to taxes paid (net of refunds received) to be disaggregated for federal, state, and foreign taxes and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. The ASU also describes items that need to be disaggregated based on their nature, which is determined by reference to the item’s fundamental or essential characteristics, such as the transaction or event that triggered the establishment of the reconciling item and the activity with which the reconciling item is associated. The ASU eliminates the historic requirement that entities disclose information concerning unrecognized tax benefits having a reasonable possibility of significantly increasing or decreasing in the 12 months following the reporting date. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023 - 09 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which requires additional disclosure about the specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU do not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements but affect where this information appears in the notes to financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025-05, Financial instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The ASU replaces the incurred-loss model with a forward-looking current expected credit loss model that requires recognition of lifetime expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures (including trade accounts receivable and contract assets), using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2025-05 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 - Fair Value

ASC Subtopic 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company often utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market-corroborated, or generally unobservable inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based upon observable inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide information according to the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values into three broad levels as follows:

Level 1: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active markets from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets. Valuations are obtained from third-party pricing services for identical or similar assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Valuations for assets and liabilities include certain unobservable inputs in the assumptions and projections used in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities.

In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Note 3 - Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

Note 4 - Property, plant and equipment

Elements of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Depreciation expense for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $2.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of which $1.6 million respectively, were included as cost of sales in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

Note 5 - Leases

The Company has various lease agreements with terms up to 11 years, including leases of buildings and various equipment. Some leases include options to purchase, terminate or extend for one or more years. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.

At inception, the Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. Some of the Company’s lease arrangements contain lease components (e.g. minimum rent payments) and non-lease components (e.g. common area maintenance, charges, utilities and property taxes). The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allows it to carry forward its historical lease classification, its assessment on whether a contract contains a lease, and its initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to the adoption of the new standard. The Company also elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the balance sheet and recognize the associated lease payments in the consolidated income statements on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value, guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Operating leases are included in Right of use asset, Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and Long-term lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. These assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term using the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rates or implicit rates, when readily determinable. Short-term operating leases, which have an initial term of 12 months or less, are not recorded on the balance sheets. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.

Operating lease expense of $1.5 million and $1.4 million, for the nine-month ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents information about the amount and timing of cash flows arising from the Company’s operating leases as of September 30, 2025.

Balance Sheet Classification

Other Information

Supplemental cash flow and non-cash information related to leases

Note 6 - Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.

There wasno goodwill impairment loss recognized for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, and year ended December 31, 2024.

Based on the results of the impairment assessments of goodwill and intangible assets performed, management concluded the fair value of the Company’s goodwill exceeds the carrying value and there are no impairment indicators related to intangible assets.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the Company had $62.3 million of goodwill.

The Company’s other intangible assets consist of the following:

Amortization expense for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $2.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable.

Note 7 - Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation represents the cost related to share-based awards, typically stock options or stock grants, granted to employees, non-employees, officers and directors. Share-based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the estimated aggregate fair value of the award on the grant date, and such amount is charged to compensation expense on a straight-line basis (net of estimated forfeitures) over the requisite service period. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, is reflected in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Share-based awards have historically been made as stock options, and recently also as stock grants, issued pursuant to the terms of the Company’s stock option and stock incentive plans (collectively, the “Plans”), described below. The Plans may be administered by the Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee of the Board or by another committee appointed by the Board from among its members as provided in the Plans. Presently, the Plans are administered by the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of September 30, 2025 there were an aggregate of 6,704,335 shares of the Company’s common stock available under the Plans for issuance pursuant to future stock option grants or other stock based awards.

Stock option awards, which allow the recipient to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a fixed price, are typically granted at an exercise price equal to the Company’s stock price at the date of grant. Typically, the Company’s stock option awards have vested from immediately totwo years from the grant date and have had a contractual term ranging from three toten years. ISOs granted under the Plans may not be granted at a price less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant (or 110% of fair market value in the case of persons holding 10% or more of the voting stock of the Company). Nonqualified options granted under the Plans may not be granted at a price less than the fair market value of the common stock. Options granted under the Plans expire not more thanten years from the date of grant (five years in the case of ISOs granted to persons holding 10% or more of the voting stock of the Company).

Effective June 7, 2018, the Company adopted its 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (“2018 Plan”) pursuant to which 4,000,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance (i) upon the exercise of options, designated as either ISOs under the Code or nonqualified options, or (ii) as stock, deferred stock or other stock-based awards. ISOs may be granted under the 2018 Plan to employees and officers of the Company. Non-qualified options, stock, deferred stock or other stock-based awards may be granted to consultants, directors (whether or not they are employees), employees or officers of the Company. Stock appreciation rights may also be issued in tandem with stock options. Unless the 2018 Plan is sooner terminated, the ability to grant options or other awards under the 2018 Plan will expire on June 7, 2028.

Effective June 11, 2020, the Company adopted its 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (“2020 Plan”) pursuant to which 3,000,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance (i) upon the exercise of options, designated as either ISOs under the Code or nonqualified options, or (ii) as stock, deferred stock or other stock-based awards. ISOs may be granted under the 2020 Plan to employees and

officers of the Company. Non-qualified options, stock, deferred stock or other stock-based awards may be granted to consultants, directors (whether or not they are employees), employees or officers of the Company. Stock appreciation rights may also be issued in tandem with stock options. Unless the 2020 Plan is sooner terminated, the ability to grant options or other awards under the 2020 Plan will expire on June 11, 2030.

Effective June 12, 2024, the Company adopted its 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (“2024 Plan”) pursuant to which 3,000,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance (i) upon the exercise of options, designated as either ISOs under the Code or nonqualified options, or (ii) as stock, deferred stock or other stock-based awards. ISOs may be granted under the 2024 Plan to employees and officers of the Company. Non-qualified options, stock, deferred stock or other stock-based awards may be granted to consultants, directors (whether or not they are employees), employees or officers of the Company. Stock appreciation rights may also be issued in tandem with stock options. Unless the 2024 Plan is sooner terminated, the ability to grant options or other awards under the 2024 Plan will expire on June 12, 2034.

All stock options have been granted to employees and non-employees at exercise prices equal to or in excess of the market value on the date of the grant.

The Company determines the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and has utilized the simplified method to compute expected lives of share-based awards. There were options to purchase 462,130 and 133,371 shares of common stock granted during the nine – month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

A summary of the activity for stock options issued under the Company’s Plans for the indicated periods is presented below:

The following is the weighted average contractual life in years and the weighted average exercise price at September 30, 2025 of:

The intrinsic value of options outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $16.8 million and $8.6 million, respectively.

The intrinsic value of options unvested at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $1.6 million and $0.0 million, respectively.

The intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $1.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Note 8 - Short-term and Long-term debt

Revolving Credit Facility

On March 2, 2022, Hudson Technologies Company (“HTC”) and Hudson Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”), as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”), and Hudson Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”) as a guarantor, entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Wells Fargo Facility”) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and lender (“Agent” or “Wells Fargo”) and such other lenders as have or may thereafter become a party to the Amended Wells Fargo Facility. The Amended Wells Fargo facility amended and restated the prior Wells Fargo Facility entered into on December 19, 2019.

Under the terms of the Amended Wells Fargo Facility, the Borrowers: (i) immediately borrowed $15 million in the form of a “first in last out” term loan (the “FILO Tranche”) and (ii) could initially borrow from time to time, up to $75 million at any time consisting of revolving loans (the “Revolving Loans”) in a maximum amount up to the lesser of $75 million and a borrowing base that is calculated based on the outstanding amount of the Borrowers’ eligible receivables and eligible inventory, as described in the Amended Wells Fargo Facility. The Amended Wells Fargo Facility also initially contained a sublimit of $9 million for swing line loans and $2 million for letters of credit. The Company currently has a $0.9 million letter of credit outstanding. The FILO Tranche was repaid in full in July 2023 and may not be reborrowed.

Amounts borrowed under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility may be used for working capital needs, certain permitted acquisitions, and to reimburse drawings under letters of credit.

Interest under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility is payable in arrears on the first day of each month. Interest charges with respect to Revolving Loans are computed on the actual principal amount of Revolving Loans outstanding at a rate per annum equal to (A) with respect to Base Rate loans, the sum of (i) a rate per annum equal to the higher of (1)1.0%, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (3) one month term SOFR plus 1.0%, and (4) the prime commercial lending rate of Wells Fargo, plus (ii) between 1.25% and 1.75% depending on average monthly undrawn availability and (B) with respect to SOFR loans, the sum of the applicable SOFR rate plus between 2.36% and 2.86% depending on average quarterly undrawn availability. The Amended Wells Fargo Facility also includes a monthly unused line fee ranging from 0.35% to 0.75% per annum determined based upon the level of average Revolving Loans outstanding during the immediately preceding month measured against the total Revolving Loans that may be borrowed under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility.

In connection with the closing of the Amended Wells Fargo Facility, the Company also entered into a First Amendment to Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2022 (the “Amended Revolver Guaranty and Security Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company and certain subsidiaries are continuing to unconditionally guarantee the payment and performance of all obligations owing by Borrowers to Wells Fargo, as Agent for the benefit of the revolving lenders. Pursuant to the Amended Revolver Guaranty and Security Agreement, Borrowers, the Company and certain other subsidiaries are continuing to grant to the Agent, for the benefit of the Wells Fargo Facility lenders, a security interest in substantially all of their respective assets, including receivables, equipment, general intangibles (including intellectual property), inventory, subsidiary stock, real property, and certain other assets.

The Amended Wells Fargo Facility contains a financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain at all times minimum liquidity (defined as availability under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility plus unrestricted cash) of at least $5 million, of which at least $3 million must be derived from availability. The Amended Wells Fargo Facility also contains a springing covenant, which takes effect only upon a failure to maintain undrawn availability of at least $11.25 million or upon an election by the Borrowers to increase the inventory component of the borrowing base, requiring the Company to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (FCCR) of not less than 1.00 to 1.00, as of the end of each trailing period oftwelve consecutive months commencing with the month prior to the triggering of the covenant. The FCCR (as defined in the Wells Fargo Facility) is the ratio of (a) EBITDA for such period, minus unfinanced capital expenditures made during such period, to (b) the aggregate amount of (i) interest expense required to be paid (other than interest paid-in-kind, amortization of financing fees, and other non-cash interest expense) during such period, (ii) scheduled principal payments (but excluding principal payments relating to outstanding Revolving Loans under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility), (iii) all net federal, state, and local income taxes required to be paid during such period (provided, that any tax refunds received shall be applied to the period in which the cash outlay for such taxes was made), (iv) all restricted payments paid (as defined in the Amended Wells Fargo Facility) during such period, and (v) to the extent not otherwise deducted from EBITDA for such period, all payments required to be made during such period in respect of any funding deficiency or funding shortfall with respect to any pension plan. The FCCR covenant ceases after the Borrowers have been in compliance therewith fortwo consecutive months.

The Amended Wells Fargo Facility also contains customary non-financial covenants relating to the Company and the Borrowers, including limitations on Borrowers’ ability to pay dividends on common stock or preferred stock, and also includes certain events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, cross-defaults to other obligations, events of bankruptcy and insolvency, certain ERISA events, judgments in excess of specified amounts, impairments to guarantees and a change of control.

On June 6, 2024, the Borrowers and the Company entered into a First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and Limited Consent (the “First Amendment”) with Wells Fargo and the lenders under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility. Pursuant to the First Amendment, Wells Fargo and the other lenders consented to the consummation of the USA Refrigerants Acquisition and made certain other technical amendments to the existing Amended Wells Fargo Facility, including the calculation of the borrowing base thereunder. The First Amendment also provided for permitted stock repurchases by the Company in an amount not to exceed $5 million per calendar year, and $15 million in aggregate over the term of the Amended Wells Fargo Facility, upon satisfaction of certain conditions.

On October 23, 2024, the Borrowers and the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) with Wells Fargo and the lenders under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility. The Second Amendment amends the provision relating to permitted stock repurchases by the Company, to permit stock repurchases in an amount not to exceed $10 million per calendar year in each of 2024 and 2025 and $5 million in any calendar year thereafter during the term of the Amended Wells Fargo Facility, upon satisfaction of certain conditions, subject to an aggregate cap of $25 million.

On June 23, 2025, the Borrowers and the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with Wells Fargo and the lenders under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility. The Third Amendment reduced the amount of Revolving Loans that may be made under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility from $75 million to $40 million, and also provided for the reduction of the letter of credit sublimit from $2 million to $1.5 million. The Third Amendment also amended certain other thresholds and sub-limits in the Amended Wells Fargo Facility, as further specified therein.

The commitments under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility will expire and the full outstanding principal amount of the loans, together with accrued and unpaid interest, are due and payable in full on March 2, 2027, unless the commitments are terminated and the outstanding principal amount of the loans are accelerated sooner following an event of default or in the event of certain other cross-defaults.

At September 30, 2025, the Company had borrowing availability of approximately $40 million from the Amended Wells Fargo Facility andno balance was outstanding.

The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Amended Wells Fargo Facility as of September 30, 2025.

The Company’s ability to comply with these covenants in future quarters may be affected by events beyond the Company’s control, including general economic conditions, weather conditions, regulations and refrigerant pricing. Therefore, the Company cannot make any assurance that it will continue to be in compliance during future periods.

Note 9 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Elements of Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are as follows:

Note 10 – Acquisition

On June 6, 2024, the Company’s subsidiary Hudson Technologies Company completed the acquisition of substantially all the business assets of USA United Suppliers of America, Inc. (d/b/a USA Refrigerants) (“USA Refrigerants”) and B&B Jobber Services, Inc. (collectively, the “USA Refrigerants Acquisition”). The consideration for the USA Refrigerants Acquisition was approximately $20.7 million in cash, paid at the closing, and provides for a further contingent payment of up to $2.0 million payable, to the extent earned, approximately 18 months from the closing date. The Company estimated the fair value of this contingent earn-out liability to be $1.6 million as of June 6, 2024 and December 31, 2024, which was recorded in other short-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined the earn-out criteria would not be met and as a result in the third quarter of 2025, the Company reduced the earn-out liability tozero. The Company recognized $1.6 million as other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The following table summarizes the final fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the USA Refrigerants Acquisition:

Consideration

Identifiable assets acquired

The fair values of the acquired intangibles were determined using discounted cash flow models using a discount factor based on an estimated risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital. The customer relationships were valued using the multi-period excess-earnings method, a form of the income approach.

The acquisition resulted in the recognition of $14.5 million of goodwill, of which $12.9 million will be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill largely consists of expected growth in revenue from new customer acquisitions over time.

The following table provides unaudited pro forma total revenues and results of operations for the periods ended September 30, 2024 as if USA Refrigerants had been acquired on January 1, 2022. The unaudited pro forma results reflect certain adjustments related to the acquisition, such as a step-up in basis in inventory, and amortization expense on intangible assets arising from the acquisition. The pro forma results do not include any anticipated cost synergies or other effects of any planned integration. Accordingly, such pro forma amounts are not necessarily indicative of the results that actually would have occurred had the USA Refrigerants Acquisition been completed at the beginning of 2022, nor are they indicative of the future operating results of the combined companies (dollars in thousands):

In relation to the USA Refrigerants Acquisition, the Company incurred acquisition costs of $0.3 million for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Note 11 – Share repurchases

In August 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10 million of outstanding common stock during 2024 and 2025. In October 2024, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase to the program pursuant to which the Company may now repurchase up to $20 million of outstanding common stock (consisting of up to $10 million in shares during each of calendar year 2024 and 2025). Purchases will be funded from the Company’s available cash and cash flow. The Company may purchase shares of its common stock on a discretionary basis from time to time through open market repurchases or privately negotiated transactions or through other means, including by entering into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, in each case, during an “open window” and when the Company does not possess material non-public information. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased under the repurchase program will depend on a variety of factors, including stock price, trading volume, market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements and other general business considerations. The repurchase program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 135,606 shares, totaling $1.3 million, at an average price of $9.48 per share. During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 939,259 shares, totaling $5.8 million, at an average price of $6.20 per share. The average prices paid for these shares do not include commissions. These repurchased shares were retired.

Note 12 – Segment information

The Company determines operating segments based on how its CODM manages the business, makes operating decisions around the allocation of resources, and evaluates operating performance. The Company’s CODM are its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing, who review its operating results on a consolidated basis. The Company operates inone segment and hasone reportable segment.

The Company’s CODM use consolidated net income, as shown on the consolidated income statements as the measure of segment profitability. The CODM use net income to evaluate the Company’s ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. This analysis is used in making strategic investment decisions. The Company’s measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets.

1 Other operating expenses include miscellaneous, individually insignificant operating expenses. The Company’s CODM reviews these items in aggregate.