KRONOS WORLDWIDE INC

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2025

(unaudited)

Note 1 - Organization and basis of presentation:

Organization-** **At September 30, 2025 Valhi, Inc. (NYSE: VHI) held approximately 50% of our outstanding common stock and a wholly-owned subsidiary of NL Industries, Inc. (NYSE: NL) held approximately 31% of our common stock. Valhi owned approximately 83% of NL’s outstanding common stock and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Contran Corporation held approximately 91% of Valhi’s outstanding common stock. A majority of Contran’s outstanding voting stock is held directly by Lisa K. Simmons and by family stockholders (Thomas C. Connelly (the husband of Ms. Simmons’ late sister), a family-owned entity and various family trusts established for the benefit of Ms. Simmons, Mr. Connelly and their children) who are required to vote their shares of Contran voting stock in the same manner as Ms. Simmons. Such voting rights are personal to Ms. Simmons and last through April 22, 2030. The remainder of Contran’s outstanding voting stock is held by another trust (the “Family Trust”), which was established for the benefit of Ms. Simmons and her late sister and their children and for which a third-party financial institution serves as trustee. Consequently, at September 30, 2025, Ms. Simmons and the Family Trust may be deemed to control Contran, and therefore may be deemed to indirectly control the wholly-owned subsidiary of Contran, Valhi, NL and us.

Basis of presentation- The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report have been prepared on the same basis as the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 6, 2025 (“2024 Annual Report”). In our opinion, we have made all necessary adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments), in order to state fairly, in all material respects, our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates and for the periods presented. We have condensed the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2024 contained in this Quarterly Report as compared to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements at that date, and we have omitted certain information and footnote disclosures (including those related to the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2024) normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Our results of operations for the interim periods ended September 30, 2025 may not be indicative of our operating results for the full year. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with our 2024 Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our 2024 Annual Report.

Effective July 16, 2024 (“Acquisition Date”), we acquired the 50% joint venture interest in Louisiana Pigment Company, L.P. (“LPC”) previously held by Venator Investments, Ltd. (“Venator”). Prior to the acquisition, we held a 50% joint venture interest in LPC and LPC was operated as a manufacturing joint venture between us and Venator. Following the acquisition, LPC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours. For financial reporting purposes, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of LPC have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025, and the results of operations and cash flows of LPC have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flows beginning as of the Acquisition Date. See Note 16 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Kronos Worldwide, Inc. and its subsidiaries (NYSE: KRO) taken as a whole.

Note 2 - TiO 2 segment information:

Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) evaluates the TiO 2 segment’s operating performance based on net income (loss) and segment profit (loss) (a non-GAAP measure), which we define as net income (loss) before income tax expense and certain general corporate items. These general corporate items include corporate expense and the components of other income (expense) except for trade interest income. Differences between segment profit (loss) and the amounts included in consolidated net income (loss) are shown in the table below. Trade interest income included in the calculation of segment profit (loss) is not significantfor the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2025. Substantially all depreciation expense is included in the calculation of segment profit (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Included in segment profit for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 is approximately $4 million and $14 million, respectively, in non-cash charges primarily related to accelerated depreciation in connection with the closure of our sulfate process line in Canada. Segment profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 includes $2.2 million of transaction costs incurred in connection with the LPC acquisition and an approximate $2 million charge related to workforce reductions. See the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional financial information regardingour operating segment.

Note 3 - Accounts and other receivables, net:

Note 4 - Inventories, net:

Note 5 - Marketable securities:

Our marketable securities consist of investments in the publicly-traded shares of our related party, Valhi. Our marketable securities are accounted for as available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value using quoted market prices in active markets

for each marketable security and represent a Level 1 input within the fair value hierarchy. Unrealized gains or losses on equity securities are recognized in other income (expense) - marketable equity securities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

At December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025, we held approximately 144,000 shares of Valhi’s common stock. At December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025, the per share quoted market price of Valhi’s common stock was $23.39 and $15.78, respectively.

The Valhi common stock we own is subject to the restrictions on resale pursuant to certain provisions of the SEC Rule 144. In addition, as a majority-owned subsidiary of Valhi we cannot vote our shares of Valhi common stock under Delaware General Corporation Law, but we do receive dividends from Valhi on these shares when declared and paid.

Note 6 - Long-term debt:

9.50%* Senior Secured Notes due 2029* - On September 15, 2025, Kronos International, Inc. (“KII”) issued an additional €75 million principal amount of 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (the “Additional Notes”), the proceeds of which were used to refinance the 3.75% Senior Secured Notes (€75 million aggregate principal amount) that matured in September 2025. The Additional Notes were issued as additional notes to the existing €351.174 million aggregate principal amount of 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 issued on February 12, 2024 and July 30, 2024 (the “Existing Notes”). The Additional Notes were issued at a premium of 105.0% of their principal amount, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $90 million after fees and estimated expenses. In connection with the Additional Notes offering, we incurred approximately $1.7 million of debt issuance costs. The Additional Notes are fungible with the Existing Notes, are treated as a single series and have the same terms as the Existing Notes, other than their date of issuance and issue price.

At September 30, 2025, the carrying value of the 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (€426.174 million aggregate principal amount outstanding) is $502.3 million and is stated net of $9.3 million of unamortized premium and $7.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs. In the first quarter of 2024 we recognized a non-cash pre-tax interest charge of $1.5 million included in interest expense related to the write-off of deferred financing costs.

3.75%* Senior Secured Notes due 2025*- The 3.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (€75 million aggregate principal amount) were repaid in September 2025 with proceeds from the Additional Notes offering, as described above.

Revolving credit facility (the “Global Revolver”)- Effective July 17, 2025, we completed an amendment to our Global Revolver (the “Fourth Amendment”). Among other things, the Fourth Amendment increased the maximum borrowing amount from $300 million to $350 million and increased the Belgian and German sub-limits from €30 million and €60 million to €55 million and €85 million, respectively, allowing greater access to Euro denominated borrowings. The maturity date of the Global Revolver remains July

2029. During the first nine months of 2025, we borrowed $492.8 million and repaid $432.6 million under this facility. The average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under this facility for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 6.4%. At September 30, 2025, $70.2 million was outstanding under the Global Revolver and the average interest rate was 5.7%. At September 30, 2025, we had total availability for borrowing of approximately $342 million less any amounts outstanding under this facility.

Other - We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants at September 30, 2025.

Note 7 - Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

Note 8 - Other noncurrent liabilities:

See Notes 14 and 16 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details related to the acquisition earn-out liability.

Note 9 - Revenue recognition:

The following table disaggregates our net sales by place of manufacture (point of origin) and to the location of the customer (point of destination), which are the categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Note 10 - Employee benefit plans:

The components of net periodic defined benefit pension cost are presented in the table below.

We expect our 2025 contributions for our pension plans to be approximately $16 million.

We participate in a U.S. pension plan administered by NL which has been closed to new participants since 1996. In accordance with applicable U.S. pension regulations, effective June 30, 2025, NL began the process of terminating the pension plan, which includes the purchase of annuity contracts from a third-party insurance company for the purpose of distributing benefits to plan participants. The termination process involves several steps and is expected to take between six and 12 months to complete. Following the purchase of the annuity contracts for plan participants, we will remove pension plan assets and liabilities from our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and a plan settlement gain or loss (which we are currently unable to estimate) will be included in our net periodic pension cost. The plan termination is expected to be completed with existing plan funds. At December 31, 2024, the U.S. pension plan had a benefit obligation of $38.6 million and plan assets of $48.9 million, resulting in a net pension plan asset of $10.3 million.

Note 11 - Income taxes:

The amount shown in the preceding table of our income tax rate reconciliation for non-U.S. tax rates represents the result determined by multiplying the pre-tax earnings or losses of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries by the difference between the applicable statutory income tax rate for each non-U.S. jurisdiction and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate. The amount shown on such table for incremental net tax expense (benefit) on earnings and losses of U.S. and non-U.S. companies includes, as applicable, (i) deferred income taxes (or deferred income tax benefits) associated with the current-year earnings (losses) of all of our non-U.S. subsidiaries and (ii) current U.S. income taxes (or current income tax benefit), including U.S. personal holding company tax, as applicable, attributable to current-year income (losses) of one of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, which subsidiary is treated as a dual resident for U.S. income tax purposes, to the extent the current-year income (losses) of such subsidiary is subject to U.S. income tax under the U.S. dual-resident provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.

Tax authorities are examining certain of our U.S. and non-U.S. tax returns and may propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Excluding any potential adjustments resulting from on-going examinations by tax authorities, we currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will not change materially during the next twelve months.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law in the United States. The OBBBA, among other provisions, provides for bonus depreciation of qualified property, permanently modifies the interest expense deduction to use an adjusted taxable income based on a calculation similar to EBITDA and other computational changes, and makes changes to the international tax framework. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The OBBBA did not have a material impact on our 2025 consolidated financial statements, and we are in the process of evaluating the impact to future years as additional provisions take effect.

On July 18, 2025, Germany enacted legislation which includes, among other provisions, an additional depreciation allowance for certain fixed assets, improvements to the research and development tax allowance and, starting in 2028, a reduction of the 15% corporate tax rate byone percentage point annually for five years reaching 10% in 2032. We recorded a non-cash deferred income tax expense of $19.3 million in the third quarter to reduce our net German deferred tax asset as a result of the reduction of the German corporate tax rate.

Note 12 - Stockholders’ equity:

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss are presented in the table below. See Note 10 for discussion of our defined benefit pension plans.

Note 13 - Commitments and contingencies:

We are involved in various environmental, contractual, product liability, patent (or intellectual property), employment and other claims and disputes incidental to our business. At least quarterly our management discusses and evaluates the status of any pending litigation to which we are a party. The factors considered in such evaluation include, among other things, the nature of such pending cases, the status of such pending cases, the advice of legal counsel and our experience in similar cases (if any). Based on such evaluation, we make a determination as to whether we believe (i) it is probable a loss has been incurred, and if so if the amount of such loss (or a range of loss) is reasonably estimable, or (ii) it is reasonably possible but not probable a loss has been incurred, and if so if the amount of such loss (or a range of loss) is reasonably estimable, or (iii) the probability a loss has been incurred is remote. We have not accrued any amounts for litigation matters because it is not reasonably possible, we have incurred a loss that would be material to our consolidated financial statements, results of operations or liquidity.

Note 14 - Financial instruments:

The following table summarizes the valuation of our financial instruments recorded on a fair value basis as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025:

See Note 5 for amounts related to our marketable securities. See Note 16 for additional details related to the acquisition earn-out liability.

Currency forward contract- In order to manage currency exchange rate risk associated with our €75 million 3.75% Senior Secured Notes that matured in September 2025, in the first quarter of 2025 we entered into a euro currency forward contract to purchase €25 million at an exchange rate of €1.05 per U.S. dollar. The contract was settled in August 2025 resulting in cash proceeds of $2.8 million. We recognized a currency transaction loss of $.4 million and a currency transaction gain of $2.8 million in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, associated with this contract. At September 30, 2025, we hadno currency forward contracts outstanding.

The following table presents the financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but which require fair value disclosure:

At September 30, 2025, the estimated market price of our 9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 was €1,057 per €1,000 principal amount. The fair value of our Senior Secured Notes due 2029 was based on quoted market prices; however, these prices represented Level 2 inputs because the market in which the notes trade was not active. Due to the variable interest rate, the carrying amountof our revolving credit facility is deemed to approximate fair value. Due to their near-term maturities, the carrying amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered equivalent to fair value. See Notes 3 and 7.

Note 15**-**** Recent accounting pronouncements:**

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740):Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires additional annual disclosure and disaggregation for the rate reconciliation, income taxes paid and income tax expense by federal, state and non-U.S. tax jurisdictions. In addition, the standard increases the disclosure requirements for items included in the rate reconciliation that meet a quantitative threshold. The ASU is effective for us beginning with our 2025 Annual Report. The ASU may be applied prospectively; however, entities have the option to apply it retrospectively. We are in the process of evaluating the additional disclosure requirements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03,Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. The ASU requires additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements for both interim and annual reporting periods. The ASU is effective for us beginning with our 2027 Annual Report, and for interim reporting, in the first quarter of 2028, with early adoption permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the additional disclosure requirements.

Note 16 - Acquisition of Remaining Joint Venture Interest in LPC:

Effective July 16, 2024 (“Acquisition Date”), we acquired the 50% joint venture interest in LPC previously held by Venator. Prior to the acquisition, we held a 50% joint venture interest in LPC and LPC was operated as a manufacturing joint venture between us and Venator. We acquired the 50% joint venture interest in LPC for consideration of $185 million less a working capital adjustment and an additional earn-out payment of up to $15 million. We accounted for the acquisition of the interest in LPC as a business combination and, as a result of obtaining full control, LPC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours. The acquisition was financed through a borrowing of $132.1 million under our Global Revolver and the remainder paid with cash on hand.

For financial reporting purposes, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of LPC have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025 and the results of operations and cash flows of LPC have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flows since the Acquisition Date.

We remeasured our existing ownership interest in LPC to its estimated fair value at the Acquisition Date in accordance with ASC 805-10-25, for a business combination achieved in stages (because we previously had an ownership interest in LPC). As a result of such remeasurement, we recognized a pre-tax gain of approximately $64.5 million in the third quarter of 2024. See Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2024 Annual Report for additional information. The estimated fair value of the earn-out as of December 31, 2024 is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is the line item captioned earn-out liability in Note 8. The earn-out liability is remeasured at fair value at each reporting date. During the third quarter of 2025, management determined that it is no longer probable the thresholds required to trigger payment of the earn-out will be achieved. As a result, the fair value of the earn-out liability was reduced tozero, resulting in the recognition of a non-cash gain of $4.6 million, which is disclosed as “Gain on remeasurement of earn-out liability” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table summarizes the aggregate fair value of the consideration transferred to gain control of LPC, the current estimate for the fair value of our existing ownership interest in LPC, and the amounts assigned to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Acquisition Date. Our final purchase price allocation indicated below was based upon management’s estimate of the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities using independent third-party appraiser valuation techniques including income, cost and market approaches. The total consideration was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the excess of the consideration over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. Such final purchase price allocation did not change from our previously-reported preliminary purchase price allocation.

Based on our analysis of the transaction at Acquisition Date, we recognized the following:

Property and equipment will be depreciated over useful lives of 5 years to 20 years. Goodwill is related to the benefits expected as a result of the acquisition, and of the $2.6 million recorded as goodwill, $.1 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.