MARKEL GROUP INC.

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Markel Group Inc. (Markel Group) is a holding company comprised of a diverse group of businesses and investments with specialty insurance at its core. See note 2 for details regarding reportable segments.

a)Basis of Presentation. The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2026 and the related consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) and changes in equity for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for fair presentation of such consolidated financial statements have been included. Such adjustments consist only of normal, recurring items. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for the entire year. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 was derived from Markel Group's audited annual consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and include the accounts of Markel Group and its consolidated subsidiaries, as well as variable interest entities that meet the requirements for consolidation (the Company). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company consolidates the results of its non-insurance operating businesses on a one-month lag, with the exception of significant transactions or events that occur during the intervening period. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ materially from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

The consolidated financial statements and notes are presented as permitted by Form 10-Q and do not contain certain information included in the Company's annual consolidated financial statements and notes. For a more complete description of the Company's business and accounting policies, readers are urged to review the Company's 2025 Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

b)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. The standard requires disclosure of certain prescribed costs and expenses within the notes to consolidated financial statements. ASU No. 2024-03 becomes effective for the Company's 2027 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The standard only impacts required disclosures and will not impact the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact of ASU No. 2024-03 on its disclosures.

2. Segment Reporting Disclosures

The Company hasfour reportable segments: Markel Insurance, Industrial, Financial, and Consumer and Other.

The Markel Insurance segment is the Company's core specialty insurance business, which is comprised of underwriting and other insurance-related activities. The Markel Insurance segment aligns with the business's network of insurance subsidiaries under the common leadership of the Markel Insurance chief executive officer. In August 2025, Markel Insurance sold the renewal rights for business written in its Global Reinsurance division, and the division entered into run-off. The Global Reinsurance division's gross premium volume in 2025 was $1.0 billion. As many of the contracts previously written within this division are multi-year agreements, the Company expects premiums to continue earning over the next two years and loss reserves are expected to take several additional years to run off.

The Industrial segment consists of businesses that operate in the industrial sector. These businesses distribute building products, provide fire protection and life safety solutions, and manufacture a variety of products, including precast concrete, car hauler equipment, industrial baking equipment, flooring for dry van trailers, dredges, and wall systems. Other businesses in the Industrial segment provide equipment rental services and erosion control and stormwater management services.

The Financial segment consists of businesses that operate in the insurance services and investment management industries, as well as certain insurance-linked securities investment management businesses that are in run-off.

The Consumer and Other segment consists of businesses that operate in the consumer sector, as well as a variety of other sectors, including information technology, real estate, and healthcare. These businesses produce ornamental houseplants, build homes, design leather handbags, and own and operate manufactured housing communities. Other businesses in the Consumer and Other segment provide information technology consulting services, retail intelligence, concierge primary healthcare, and sponsorship of international teachers.

The Company's corporate operations, which are not an operating or reportable segment, are comprised of holding company activities, which include capital allocation, leadership support, and performing the responsibilities consistent with sound governance and required of a public company. The Company's corporate operations include activities at Markel Group Inc. and investments and loans to and from its operating businesses, which are held by other corporate subsidiaries. Historically, corporate expenses were fully allocated to the Company's segment results, however, beginning in the third quarter of 2025, the Company discontinued allocating corporate expenses that are not integral to operating its underlying businesses.

Intersegment transactions primarily consist of loans from Markel Insurance to a corporate subsidiary to fund certain non-insurance acquisitions and from a corporate subsidiary to certain non-insurance businesses to fund strategic growth investments and projects. The Company's chief operating decision maker considers these loans, and the related interest income, to be similar to invested assets held by the respective segment. Interest income on these intercompany loans is included in the respective segment's profit and is eliminated in consolidation.

Segment profit for all of the Company's segments is measured by adjusted operating income, which does not include net investment gains, amortization of acquired intangible assets, or impairment of goodwill. Net investment gains and losses, which are primarily comprised of unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, are evaluated separately by the chief operating decision maker when assessing periodic segment financial performance due to the inherent volatility of these gains and losses, which can temporarily obscure the underlying segment performance. The chief operating decision maker believes such amounts are more meaningful when evaluated over longer periods of time. Amortization of acquired intangible assets and impairment of goodwill, which arise from purchase accounting for acquisitions, are not considered a cost of operating the underlying businesses.

a)The following tables summarize the Company's segment disclosures. The Company's chief operating decision maker reviews net investment gains and losses by segment separately from the Company's segment profit.

(1) Catastrophe current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses were attributable to the Middle East conflict.

b) The chief operating decision maker also reviews capital expenditures attributable to the Industrial and Consumer and Other segments.

c) The following table reconciles segment assets to the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

3. Investments

a) The following tables summarize the Company's available-for-sale investments. Agency mortgage-backed securities include securities issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and U.S. government agencies. The net unrealized holding gains (losses) in the tables below are presented before taxes.

b)The following tables summarize gross unrealized investment losses on available-for-sale investments by the length of time that securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position.

At March 31, 2026, the Company held 1,102 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position with a total estimated fair value of $10.8 billion and gross unrealized losses of $404.0 million. Of these 1,102 securities,808 securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for one year or longer and had a total estimated fair value of $6.4 billion and gross unrealized losses of $367.7 million.

At December 31, 2025, the Company held 948 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position with a total estimated fair value of $7.8 billion and gross unrealized losses of $331.4 million. Of these 948 securities,851 securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for one year or longer and had a total estimated fair value of $6.8 billion and gross unrealized losses of $327.4 million.

The Company completes a detailed analysis each quarter to assess whether the decline in the fair value of any investment below its cost basis is the result of a credit loss. All available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses are reviewed. The Company considers many factors in completing its quarterly review of securities with unrealized losses for credit-related impairment to determine whether a credit loss exists, including the extent to which fair value is below cost, the implied yield to maturity, rating downgrades of the security, and whether or not the issuer has failed to make scheduled principal or interest payments. The Company also takes into consideration information about the financial condition of the issuer and industry factors that could negatively impact the issuer.

If the decline in fair value of an available-for-sale security below its amortized cost is considered to be the result of a credit loss, the Company compares the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost of the security. The extent to which the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost of the security represents the credit loss, which is recorded as an allowance and recognized in net income. The allowance is limited to the difference between the fair value and the amortized cost of the security. Any remaining decline in fair value represents the non-credit portion of the impairment, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The Company didnot have an allowance for credit losses for any available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities were the result of declines in the fair value of the investments due to increases in interest rates, which are expected to reverse as the securities mature, and foreign currency movements related to available-for-sale securities denominated in a foreign currency.

Quarterly, the Company also considers whether it intends to sell an available-for-sale security or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost. In these instances, a decline in fair value is recognized in net income based on the fair value of the security at the time of assessment, resulting in a new cost basis for the security.

c) The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities at March 31, 2026 are shown below by contractual maturity.

d) The following table presents the components of net investment income.

e) The following table presents the components of net investment losses included in net income (loss) and the change in net unrealized losses included in other comprehensive income (loss). Gross realized investment gains and losses on fixed maturity securities, short-term investments, and other investments were not material to the consolidated financial statements and are presented on a net basis in the following table.

4. Fair Value Measurements

FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the assets or liabilities fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the classification is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability.

Classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy considers the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability and transparency of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

•Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets.

•Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, and market-corroborated inputs.

•Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable for the asset or liability and are significant to the fair value measurement.

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company determines fair value based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods, including the market, income, and cost approaches. The Company uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure assets and liabilities at fair value, including an indication of the level within the fair value hierarchy in which each asset or liability is generally classified.

Available-for-sale investments and equity securities. Available-for-sale investments and equity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Available-for-sale investments include fixed maturity securities and short-term investments. Fair value is determined by the Company after considering various sources of information, including information provided by a third-party pricing service. The pricing service provides prices for substantially all of the Company's fixed maturity securities and equity securities. In determining fair value, the Company generally does not adjust the prices obtained from the pricing service. The Company obtains an understanding of the pricing service's valuation methodologies and related inputs, which include, but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, duration, credit ratings, estimated cash flows, and prepayment speeds. The Company validates prices provided by the pricing service by reviewing prices from other pricing sources and analyzing pricing data in certain instances.

The Company has evaluated the various types of securities in its investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. Level 1 investments include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 investments include U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, municipal bonds, foreign government, agency, and supranational bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and corporate and university debt securities.

Fair value for available-for-sale investments and equity securities is measured based upon quoted prices in active markets, if available. Due to variations in trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices, fixed maturity securities are classified as Level 2 investments. The fair value of fixed maturity securities is normally derived through recent reported trades for identical or similar securities, making adjustments through the reporting date based upon available market observable data previously described. If there are no recent reported trades, the fair value of fixed maturity securities may be derived through the use of matrix pricing or model processes, where future cash flow expectations are developed based upon collateral performance and discounted at an estimated market rate. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value of obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions, corporate and university bonds, and obligations of foreign governments, agencies and supranationals include reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, credit information, and estimated cash flows. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value of mortgage-backed securities include the type of underlying assets, benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, collateral information, tranche type and volatility, estimated cash flows, credit information, default rates, recovery rates, issuer spreads, and the year of issue.

Senior long-term debt and other debt. Senior long-term debt and other debt is carried at amortized cost with the estimated fair value disclosed on the consolidated balance sheets. Senior long-term debt and other debt is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy due to variations in trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices. Fair value is generally derived through recent reported trades, making adjustments through the reporting date, if necessary, based upon available market observable data including U.S. Treasury securities and implied credit spreads. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value of senior long-term debt and other debt include reported trades, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, bids, and offers.

The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company didnot have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

5. Products, Services, and Other Revenues

The following tables present revenues from contracts with customers by type, all of which are included in products revenues and services and other revenues in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss), along with a reconciliation to the total of products revenues and services and other revenues.

Receivables from contracts with customers, net of allowances for credit losses, were $642.7 million and $692.4 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

6. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation of consolidated beginning and ending reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses included $35.0 million of net losses and loss adjustment expenses attributed to the regional military conflict that emerged in the Middle East following U.S. and Israeli airstrikes on Iran on February 28, 2026. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses from the Middle East conflict were attributed to terrorism and marine war coverages written by the International division within the Markel Insurance segment. Loss estimates for incurred losses attributed to the Middle East conflict represent the Company's best estimate as of March 31, 2026 based upon information currently available. The Company's estimates for these losses are based on known losses and reported claims, as well as an analysis of the Company's ceded reinsurance contracts. Due to the inherent uncertainty associated with the assumptions surrounding the Middle East conflict, these estimates are subject to a wide range of variability.

While the Company believes the reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses for the Middle East conflict as of March 31, 2026 are adequate based on information currently available, the Company continues to closely monitor reported claims, ceded reinsurance contract attachment, government actions, and areas impacted by the conflict and may adjust its loss estimates as new information becomes available. Additionally, as the Middle East conflict is ongoing, additional losses may be incurred in subsequent periods, and such losses may be material to the Company's results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

Effective January 1, 2026, the Company entered into a retroactive reinsurance agreement with Hagerty Reinsurance Limited (Hagerty Re) to reinsure its retained exposures on business written on behalf of Hagerty, Inc. (Hagerty) prior to January 1, 2026. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses on these ceded policies totaled $62.2 million as of December 31, 2025, for which the Company paid $54.1 million to Hagerty Re. See note 8 for additional details on the Company's transactions with Hagerty to transition the relationship to a fronting arrangement.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, losses and loss adjustment expenses included $104.1 million of favorable development on prior years loss reserves, which included $64.4 million of net favorable development on the Company's professional liability, credit and surety, and workers' compensation insurance product lines within its Markel Insurance segment.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, current accident year losses and loss adjustment expenses included $66.1 million of net losses and loss adjustment expenses attributed to the series of wildfires that occurred in southern California in January 2025.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, losses and loss adjustment expenses included $150.1 million of favorable development on prior years loss reserves, which included $125.2 million of net favorable development on the Company's professional liability, general liability, marine and energy, and workers' compensation insurance product lines within its Markel Insurance segment.

7. Reinsurance

The following tables summarize the effect of reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance on premiums written and earned. Fronting premiums are attributable to business written on behalf of third-party capacity providers, substantially all of which are ceded.

Substantially all of the incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses related to the Company's fronted premiums were ceded. These gross losses totaled $1.2 billion and $957.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The following table summarizes the effect of reinsurance and retrocessional reinsurance on losses and loss adjustment expenses in the Company's underwriting operations.

8. Related Party Transactions

The Company engages in certain related party transactions in the normal course of business at arm's length.

Nephila

Fund Management

The Company provides investment and insurance management services through Nephila Holdings Ltd. (together with its subsidiaries, Nephila). Nephila serves as the investment manager to several Bermuda based private funds (the Nephila Funds). To provide access for the Nephila Funds to a variety of insurance-linked securities in the property catastrophe, climate, and specialty insurance markets, Nephila also acts as an insurance manager to certain Bermuda licensed reinsurers and as the managing agent to Lloyd's Syndicates 2357, 2358, and 2359 (collectively, the Nephila Reinsurers). Neither the Nephila Funds nor the Nephila Reinsurers are consolidated by the Company. Nephila receives management fees for investment and insurance management services based on either the net asset value of the accounts managed or gross premium volume for the underlying risks to which the investors subscribed. For certain funds, Nephila may also receive performance fees based on their annual performance. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, total fund management revenues attributed to unconsolidated entities managed by Nephila were $40.5 million and $25.5 million, respectively.

Fronting

The Company's fronting activities, which are provided through the Company's Markel Insurance operations and program services operations, include programs with the Nephila Reinsurers through which the Company writes insurance policies that are fully ceded to the Nephila Reinsurers in exchange for fronting fees. Through these programs, Nephila utilizes certain of the Company's licensed insurance companies to write a portion of its portfolio of U.S. catastrophe-exposed property and specialty risks. Gross premiums written through these programs that were ceded to the Nephila Reinsurers were $267.4 million and $389.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, reinsurance recoverables on the consolidated balance sheets included $267.6 million and $496.0 million, respectively, due from the Nephila Reinsurers. Under its programs with the Nephila Reinsurers, the Company bears underwriting risk for annual aggregate agreement year losses in excess of a limit the Company believes is unlikely to be exceeded. To the extent losses under these programs exceed the prescribed limits, the Company is obligated to pay such losses to the cedents without recourse to the Nephila Reinsurers. While the Company believes losses under these programs are unlikely, those losses, if incurred, could be material to the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

The Company has also entered into other assumed and ceded reinsurance transactions with the Nephila Reinsurers in the normal course of business, which are not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Hagerty

The Company holds a minority ownership interest in Hagerty, which operates as a managing general agent focused on the global automobile enthusiast market and also includes Hagerty Re, a Bermuda Class 3 reinsurance company. The Company writes U.S. classic car business on behalf of Hagerty. Effective January 1, 2026, the Company's business with Hagerty transitioned to a fronting arrangement, whereby the Company receives a fronting fee in exchange for writing business on behalf of Hagerty and ceding it to Hagerty Re. Prior to transitioning to a fronting arrangement, the majority of the Company's business with Hagerty was ceded to Hagerty Re.

Gross written premiums attributable to Hagerty for the three months ended March 31, 2026 were $253.3 million, all of which were ceded, including $242.1 million ceded to Hagerty Re. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, gross written premiums attributable to Hagerty were $219.9 million, of which $169.7 million were ceded to Hagerty Re. In connection with the transition, the Company also entered into agreements with Hagerty Re to reinsure its retained exposures on business written on behalf of Hagerty prior to January 1, 2026. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums on these ceded policies totaled $62.2 million and $92.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2025. See note 6 for additional details on the Company's retroactive reinsurance agreement with Hagerty.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, reinsurance recoverables on the consolidated balance sheets included $298.0 million and $317.1 million, respectively, due from Hagerty Re.

9. Shareholders' Equity

a) The Company has 50,000,000 shares ofno par value common stock authorized. The following table presents a rollforward of changes in common shares issued and outstanding.

b) The Company has 10,000,000 shares ofno par value preferred stock authorized, none of which were issued or outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

c) Net income (loss) per common share was determined by dividing adjusted net income (loss) to shareholders by the applicable weighted average common shares outstanding. Weighted average basic common shares outstanding include restricted stock units that are no longer subject to any contingencies for issuance, but for which corresponding shares have not been issued. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing adjusted net income (loss) to shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The following table presents basic net income (loss) per common share and diluted net income (loss) per common share.

(1)The impact of 39 thousand shares from restricted stock units and restricted stock awards was excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

10. Contingencies

Contingencies arise in the normal course of the Company's operations and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.