NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio Litigation

On June 27, 2025, we commenced patent litigation against Samsung Electronics Co., LTD and Samsung Electronics America, Inc.(collectively, “Samsung”) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 11,233,780, U.S. Patent No.11,916,893, U.S. Patent No.12,207,094, U.S. Patent No. 12,166,869, U.S. Patent No.11,606,204, and U.S. Patent No.11,973,864. All such patents are part of our M2M/IoT Patent Portfolio. The lawsuit alleges that Samsung infringes the asserted patents by supporting certain eSIM (embedded Subscriber Identification Module) and 5G technologies in its mobile devices, including its Galaxy smartphones, watches and tablets. The parties are conducting discovery. A trial date has been scheduled for June 7, 2027.

HFT Patent Portfolio Litigation

On December 24, 2024, our wholly-owned subsidiary, HFT Solutions, LLC (“HFT”), initiated patent litigations against Citadel Securities, LLC and Jump Trading, LLC in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 10,931,286, U.S. Patent No. 11,128,305, and U.S. Patent No. 11,575,381. All such patents are part of our HFT Patent Portfolio. In the Citadel action, on April 7, 2025, the defendant Citadel filed a motion to dismiss under 35 U.S.C. § 101, asserting that the asserted patents are directed to patent-ineligible subject matter. On December 1, 2025, the Court denied Citadel’s motion to dismiss. On January 5, 2026, Citadel filed its answer asserting defenses of non-infringement, patent invalidity and counterclaims for the same. In the Jump Trading action, on April 7, 2025, defendant filed an answer and counterclaims of non-infringement and invalidity of the asserted patents.

On September 8, 2025, we commenced patent litigation on behalf of HFT against Optiver US LLC and Optiver Trading US LLC in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, also for infringement of U.S. Patent No. 10,931,286, U.S. Patent No.11,128,305 and U. S. No.11,575,381. On November 21, 2025, the Optiver defendants filed their answer and counterclaims of non-infringement and invalidity of the asserted patents. A trial date has been scheduled for June 7, 2027.

Cox Patent Portfolio Litigation

On April 4, 2014 and December 3, 2014, we initiated litigation against Google Inc. (“Google”) and YouTube, LLC (“YouTube”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York for infringement of several of our patents within our Cox Patent Portfolio which relate to the identification of media content on the Internet. The lawsuit alleged that Google and YouTube had infringed and continued to infringe certain of our patents by making, using, selling and offering to sell unlicensed systems and related products and services, which included YouTube’s Content ID system.

In April 2024, following a motion for summary judgment by the defendants, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York issued a judgment dismissing our patent infringement claims finding that the asserted claims of two of the patents are invalid for indefiniteness and granting summary judgment that the asserted claims of another asserted patent are not infringed by Google’s accused system. The Court’s ruling disposes of all of our claims in the case. On May 14, 2024, we filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and oral argument on the appeal took place on March 9, 2026. A decision on the appeal is pending.

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Remote Power Patent Litigation

On February 21, 2025, we received an additional settlement payment of $150,000 from a defendant in litigation involving the Company’s Remote Power Patent as a result of satisfaction of certain conditions in the settlement agreement.