EAST WEST BANCORP INC
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 27, 2026.
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FY2025 · Filed Feb 27, 2026
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Debt Securities
The Company maintains a portfolio of high quality and liquid debt securities with a moderate duration profile. It closely manages the overall portfolio credit, interest rate and liquidity risks. The Company’s debt securities provide:
interest income for earnings and yield enhancement;
funding availability for needs arising during the normal course of business;
the ability to execute interest rate risk management strategies in response to changes in economic or market conditions; and
collateral to support pledging agreements as required and/or to enhance the Company’s borrowing capacity.
While the Company does not intend to sell its debt securities, it may sell AFS debt securities in response to changes in the balance sheet and related interest rate risk to meet liquidity, regulatory and strategic requirements.
The following table presents the distribution of the Company’s AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and by credit ratings as of December 31, 2025:
| December 31, 2025 · December 31, 2024 · Rating as of December 31, 2025 (1) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ($ in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | % of Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | % of Fair Value | AAA/AA | A | BBB | BB and Lower | No Rating (2) |
| AFS debt securities: | |||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities | $1,010,053 | $993,913 | 7% | $676,300 | $638,265 | 6% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities | 287,687 | 257,654 | 2% | 308,220 | 262,587 | 3% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (3) | 10,544,278 | 10,397,991 | 79% | 8,447,303 | 8,164,474 | 75% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| Municipal securities | 277,275 | 243,102 | 2% | 287,301 | 250,153 | 2% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| Non-agency mortgage-backed securities | 667,195 | 584,735 | 4% | 808,762 | 692,078 | 6% | 95% | 3% | —% | 2% | —% |
| Corporate debt securities | 554,158 | 464,981 | 4% | 653,500 | 526,166 | 5% | —% | 38% | 59% | 3% | —% |
| Foreign government bonds | 247,249 | 238,455 | 2% | 244,803 | 233,880 | 2% | 46% | 54% | —% | —% | —% |
| Asset-backed securities | 31,886 | 31,389 | 0% | 35,086 | 34,715 | 0% | 30% | 17% | 53% | —% | —% |
| Collateralized loan obligations | — | — | —% | 44,500 | 44,493 | 1% | —% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| Total AFS debt securities | $13,619,781 | $13,212,220 | 100% | $11,505,775 | $10,846,811 | 100% | 95% | 3% | 2% | 0% | —% |
| HTM debt securities: | |||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury securities | $540,666 | $524,887 | 21% | $535,080 | $499,858 | 21% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise debt securities | 1,007,055 | 860,134 | 35% | 1,004,479 | 804,220 | 34% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| U.S. government agency and U.S. government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities (4) | 1,136,874 | 943,227 | 38% | 1,190,221 | 943,134 | 39% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| Municipal securities | 185,463 | 151,498 | 6% | 187,633 | 140,542 | 6% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| Total HTM debt securities | $2,870,058 | $2,479,746 | 100% | $2,917,413 | $2,387,754 | 100% | 100% | —% | —% | —% | —% |
| Total debt securities | $16,489,839 | $15,691,966 | $14,423,188 | $13,234,565 | |||||||
(1)Credit ratings represent independent assessments of the credit quality of debt securities. The Company determines the credit rating of a debt security based on the lowest rating assigned by any of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) that have rated the security. Investment grade debt securities are those with ratings similar to BBB- or above (as defined by NRSROs) and are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be low credit risk. Ratings percentages are allocated based on fair value.
(2)For debt securities not rated by NRSROs, factors such as the priority in collections within the securitization structure, and whether contractual payments have historically been on time are considered in determining the credit risk of such securities.
(3)Includes Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) AFS debt securities totaling $9.6 billion of both amortized cost and fair value as of December 31, 2025, and $7.3 billion of amortized cost and $7.2 billion of fair value as of December 31, 2024.
(4)Includes GNMA HTM debt securities totaling $79 million of amortized cost and $65 million of fair value as of December 31, 2025, and $86 million of amortized cost and $68 million of fair value as of December 31, 2024.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s AFS and HTM debt securities portfolios had an effective duration (defined as the sensitivity of the value of the portfolio to interest rate changes) of 3.0 and 5.9, respectively, compared with 2.0 and 6.2, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. The effective duration of AFS debt securities increased primarily due to the longer maturities of newly purchased AFS securities, while the HTM debt securities’ effective duration declined slightly due to the general runoff of the portfolio.
Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
AFS debt securities increased $2.4 billion or 22% to $13.2 billion in 2025 from December 31, 2024, primarily due to the purchases of GNMA securities. The Company’s AFS debt securities are carried at fair value with non-credit related unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in Other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Pre-tax net unrealized losses on AFS debt securities were $406 million as of December 31, 2025, compared with $659 million as of December 31, 2024.
Of the AFS debt securities with gross unrealized losses, substantially all were rated investment grade as of both December 31, 2025 and 2024. There was $2 million of allowance for credit losses against AFS debt securities as of December 31, 2025, which was recognized as Provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. In comparison, there was no allowance for credit losses against AFS debt securities as of December 31, 2024.
Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
All HTM debt securities were issued, guaranteed, or supported by the U.S. government or government-sponsored enterprises. Accordingly, the Company applied a zero credit loss assumption for these securities and no allowance for credit loss was recorded as of both December 31, 2025 and 2024.
For additional information on AFS and HTM securities, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Note 2 — Fair Value Measurement and Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Note 4 — Securities to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K.
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