ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS PARTNERS LP

Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” or “our” within these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are intended to mean the business and operations of Enterprise Products Partners L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

References to “EPO” mean Enterprise Products Operating LLC, which is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership, and its consolidated subsidiaries, through which the Partnership conducts its business. We are managed by our general partner, Enterprise Products Holdings LLC (“Enterprise GP”), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Dan Duncan LLC, a privately held Texas limited liability company.

The membership interests of Dan Duncan LLC are owned by a voting trust, the current trustees (“DD LLC Trustees”) of which are: (i) Randa Duncan Williams, who is also a director and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Enterprise GP (the “Board”); (ii) Richard H. Bachmann, who is also a director and Vice Chairman of the Board; and (iii) W. Randall Fowler, who is also a director and the Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Enterprise GP. Ms. Duncan Williams and Messrs. Bachmann and Fowler also currently serve as managers of Dan Duncan LLC.

References to “EPCO” mean Enterprise Products Company, a privately held Texas corporation, and its privately held affiliates. The outstanding voting capital stock of EPCO is owned by a voting trust, the current trustees (“EPCO Trustees”) of which are: (i) Ms. Duncan Williams, who serves as Chairman of EPCO; (ii) Mr. Bachmann, who serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of EPCO; and (iii) Mr. Fowler, who serves as an Executive Vice President and the Chief Financial Officer of EPCO. Ms. Duncan Williams and Messrs. Bachmann and Fowler also currently serve as directors of EPCO.

We, Enterprise GP, EPCO and Dan Duncan LLC are affiliates under the collective common control of the DD LLC Trustees and the EPCO Trustees. EPCO, together with its privately held affiliates, owned approximately 32.4% of the Partnership’s common units outstanding at December 31, 2023.

All statistical data (e.g., pipeline mileage, processing capacity and similar operating metrics) in these notes to consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

With the exception of per unit amounts, or as noted within the context of each disclosure,

the dollar amounts presented in the tabular data within these disclosures are

stated in millions of dollars.

Note 1. Partnership Organization and Operations

We are a publicly traded Delaware limited partnership, the common units of which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “EPD.” Our preferred units are not publicly traded. We were formed in April 1998 to own and operate certain natural gas liquids (“NGLs”) related businesses of EPCO and are a leading North American provider of midstream energy services to producers and consumers of natural gas, NGLs, crude oil, petrochemicals and refined products. We are owned by our limited partners (preferred and common unitholders) from an economic perspective. Enterprise GP, which owns a non-economic general partner interest in us, manages our Partnership. We conduct substantially all of our business operations through EPO and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Our fully integrated, midstream energy asset network (or “value chain”) links producers of natural gas, NGLs and crude oil from some of the largest supply basins in the United States (“U.S.”), Canada and the Gulf of Mexico with domestic consumers and international markets. Our midstream energy operations include:

Like many publicly traded partnerships, we have no employees. All of our management, administrative and operating functions are performed by employees of EPCO pursuant to an administrative services agreement (the “ASA”) or by other service providers. See Note 15 for information regarding related party matters.

Our operations are reported under four business segments: NGL Pipelines & Services, Crude Oil Pipelines & Services, Natural Gas Pipelines & Services and Petrochemical & Refined Products Services. See Note 10 for additional information regarding our business segments.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Allowance for Credit Losses

We estimate our allowance for credit losses at each reporting date using a current expected credit loss model, which requires the measurement of expected credit losses for financial assets (e.g., accounts receivable) based on historical experience with customers, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. We may also increase the allowance for credit losses in response to the specific identification of customers involved in bankruptcy proceedings and similar financial difficulties.

The following table presents our allowance for credit losses activity for the years indicated:

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents represent unrestricted cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months from the date of purchase.

Restricted cash primarily represents amounts held in segregated bank accounts by our clearing brokers as margin in support of our commodity derivative instruments portfolio and related physical purchases and sales of natural gas, NGLs, crude oil, refined products and power. Additional cash may be restricted to maintain our commodity derivative instruments portfolio as prices fluctuate or margin requirements change. See Note 14 for information regarding our derivative instruments and hedging activities.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the amounts shown in the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows.

Consolidation Policy

Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our majority-owned subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest, after the elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. We also consolidate other entities and ventures in which we possess a controlling financial interest as well as partnership interests where we are the sole general partner of the Partnership. We evaluate our financial interests in business enterprises to determine if they represent variable interest entities where we are the primary beneficiary. If such criteria are met, we consolidate the financial statements of such businesses with those of our own. Third party or affiliate ownership interests in our controlled subsidiaries are presented as noncontrolling interests. See Note 8 for information regarding noncontrolling interests.

If the entity is organized as a limited partnership or limited liability company and maintains separate ownership accounts, we account for our investment using the equity method if our ownership interest is between 3% and 50%, unless our interest is so minor that we have virtually no influence over the investee’s operating and financial policies. For all other types of investments, we apply the equity method of accounting if our ownership interest is between 20% and 50% and we exercise significant influence over the investee’s operating and financial policies. In consolidation, we eliminate our proportionate share of profits and losses from transactions with equity method unconsolidated affiliates to the extent such amounts remain on our Consolidated Balance Sheets (or those of our equity method investments) in inventory or similar accounts.

Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date our consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to us but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. Management has regular quarterly litigation reviews, including updates from legal counsel, to assess the need for accounting recognition or disclosure of these contingencies, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise in judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against us or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, our management and legal counsel evaluate the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

We accrue an undiscounted liability for those contingencies where the incurrence of a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum of the range is accrued. We do not record a contingent liability when the likelihood of loss is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the likelihood of loss is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the impact would be material to our consolidated financial statements, we disclose the nature of the contingency and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. See Note 17 for additional information regarding our contingencies.

Current Assets and Current Liabilities

We present, as individual captions in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, all components of current assets and current liabilities that exceed 5% of total current assets and current liabilities, respectively.

Derivative Instruments

We use derivative instruments such as futures, swaps, forward contracts and other arrangements to manage price risks associated with inventories, firm commitments, interest rates and certain anticipated future commodity transactions. To qualify for hedge accounting, the hedged item must expose us to risk and the related derivative instrument must reduce the exposure to that risk and meet specific hedge documentation requirements related to designation dates, expectations for hedge effectiveness and the probability that hedged future transactions will occur as forecasted. We formally designate derivative instruments as hedges and document and assess their effectiveness at inception of the hedge and on a monthly basis thereafter. Forecasted transactions are evaluated for the probability of occurrence and are periodically back-tested once the forecasted period has passed to determine whether forecasted transactions are probable of occurring in the future.

We are required to recognize derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets unless such instruments meet certain normal purchase/normal sale criteria. While all derivatives are required to be reported at fair value on the balance sheet, changes in fair value of derivative instruments are reported in different ways, depending on the nature and effectiveness of the hedging activities to which they relate. After meeting specified conditions, a qualified derivative may be designated as a total or partial hedge of:

An effective hedge relationship is one in which the change in fair value of a derivative instrument can be expected to offset 80% to 125% of the changes in fair value of a hedged item at inception and throughout the life of the hedging relationship. The effective portion of a hedge relationship is the amount by which the derivative instrument exactly offsets the change in fair value of the hedged item during the reporting period.

A contract designated as a cash flow hedge of an anticipated transaction that is not probable of occurring is immediately recognized in earnings.

Certain of our derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment; therefore, these instruments are accounted for using mark-to-market accounting.

For substantially all of our physical forward commodity derivative contracts, we apply the normal purchase/normal sale exception, whereby changes in the mark-to-market values of such contracts are not recognized in income. As a result, the revenues and expenses associated with such physical transactions are recognized during the period when volumes are physically delivered or received. Physical forward commodity contracts subject to this exception are evaluated for the probability of future delivery and certain of these physical forward commodity contracts are periodically back-tested once the forecasted period has passed to determine whether similar forward contracts are probable of physical delivery in the future. See Note 14 for additional information regarding our derivative instruments.

Environmental Costs

Environmental costs for remediation are accrued based on estimates of known remediation requirements. Such accruals are based on management’s best estimate of the ultimate cost to remediate a site and are adjusted as further information and circumstances develop. Those estimates may change substantially depending on information about the nature and extent of contamination, appropriate remediation technologies and regulatory approvals. Expenditures to mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are capitalized. Ongoing environmental compliance costs are charged to expense as incurred. In accruing for environmental remediation liabilities, costs of future expenditures for environmental remediation are not discounted to their present value, unless the amount and timing of the expenditures are fixed or reliably determinable. At December 31, 2023, none of our estimated environmental remediation liabilities were discounted to present value since the ultimate amount and timing of cash payments for such liabilities were not readily determinable. Our environmental reserves totaled $4 million and $3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Estimates

Preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates that affect amounts presented in the financial statements. Our most significant estimates relate to (i) the useful lives and depreciation/amortization methods used for fixed and identifiable intangible assets; (ii) measurement of fair value and projections used in impairment testing of fixed and intangible assets (including goodwill); (iii) contingencies; and (iv) revenue and expense accruals.

Actual results could differ materially from our estimates. On an ongoing basis, we review our estimates based on currently available information. Any changes in the facts and circumstances underlying our estimates may require us to update such estimates, which could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Our recurring and nonrecurring fair value estimates are based on either (i) actual market data or (ii) assumptions that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including estimates of risk, in the principal market of the asset or liability at a specified measurement date. Recognized valuation techniques (such as the income or market approaches) employ inputs such as contractual prices, quoted market prices or rates, operating costs, discount factors and business growth rates. These inputs may be either readily observable, corroborated by market data or generally unobservable. In developing our estimates of fair value, we endeavor to utilize the best information available and apply market-based data to the extent possible.

A three-tier hierarchy has been established that classifies fair value amounts recognized in the financial statements based on the observability of inputs used to estimate such fair values. The hierarchy considers fair value amounts based on observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2 fair value measures) to be more reliable and predictable than those based primarily on unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measures). At each balance sheet reporting date, we categorize our financial assets and liabilities using this hierarchy. The characteristics of fair value amounts classified within each level of the hierarchy are described as follows:

With regards to commodity derivatives, our Level 3 fair values primarily consist of the following commodity derivative instruments used to hedge various inventories and transportation capacities: (i) NGL, crude, natural gas, refined products and commercial energy-based contracts with terms greater than 36 months; (ii) over-the-counter options; and (iii) exchange traded options with terms greater than one year. In addition, we often rely on price quotes from reputable brokers who publish price quotes on certain products and compare these prices to other reputable brokers for the same products in the same markets whenever possible. These prices, when combined with data from our commodity derivative instruments, are used in our models to determine the fair value of such instruments.

Our nonrecurring fair value estimates are generally based on the income approach to fair value and reflect various Level 3 inputs. In many cases, there are no active markets (a Level 1 fair value measure) to rely on or other similar recent transactions (a Level 2 fair value measure) to compare to. Our nonrecurring fair value estimates often include management’s expectations of the residual market values for the underlying assets based on their knowledge and experience in the industry (a Level 3 fair value measure). Other examples of Level 3 inputs used in the valuation models include anticipated gross operating margins, throughput or processing volumes, utilization factors, sustaining capital expenditures, discount rates and business growth rates. When probability weights are used in cash flow modeling, the weights are generally obtained from management personnel having oversight responsibilities for the assets being tested.

Impairment Testing

The following table summarizes our asset impairment charges by type as presented on our Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows for the years indicated:

The following information describes our accounting policies regarding impairment testing for major asset categories:

We determine the fair value of each reporting unit using accepted valuation techniques, primarily through the use of discounted cash flows (i.e., an income approach to fair value) supplemented by market-based assessments, if available. The estimated fair values of our reporting units incorporate assumptions regarding the future economic prospects of the assets and operations that comprise each reporting unit including: (i) discrete financial forecasts for the assets comprising the reporting unit, which, in turn, rely on management’s estimates of long-term operating margins, throughput volumes, capital investments and similar factors; (ii) long-term growth rates for the reporting unit’s cash flows beyond the discrete forecast period; and (iii) appropriate discount rates. The fair value estimates are based on Level 3 inputs of the fair value hierarchy. We believe that the assumptions we use in estimating reporting unit fair values are consistent with those that market participants would use in their fair value estimation process. However, due to uncertainties in the estimation process and volatility in the supply and demand for hydrocarbons and similar risk factors, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. Based on our most recent goodwill impairment test at December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units was substantially in excess of its carrying value (i.e., by at least 10%).

We did not record any non-cash goodwill impairment charges during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 or 2021. See Note 6 for additional information regarding our goodwill.

Inventories

Inventories primarily consist of NGLs, petrochemicals, refined products, crude oil and natural gas volumes that are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We capitalize, as a cost of inventory, shipping and handling charges (e.g., pipeline transportation and storage fees) and other related costs associated with purchased volumes. As volumes are sold and delivered out of inventory, the cost of these volumes (including freight-in charges that have been capitalized as part of inventory cost) are charged to operating costs and expenses. Shipping and handling fees associated with products we sell and deliver to customers are charged to operating costs and expenses as incurred. See Note 3 for additional information regarding our inventories.

Leases

We account for our leases under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, which requires substantially all leases be recorded on the balance sheet.

The standard includes two lessee accounting models, which results in a lease being classified as either a “finance” or “operating” lease based on whether the lessee effectively obtains control of the underlying asset during the lease term. A lease would be classified as a finance lease if it meets one of five classification criteria. By default, a lease that does not meet the criteria to be classified as a finance lease will be deemed an operating lease. Regardless of classification, the initial measurement of both lease types will result in the balance sheet recognition of a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset (representing a company’s right to use the underlying asset for a specified period of time) and a corresponding lease liability. The lease liability will be recognized at the present value of the future lease payments, and the ROU asset will equal the lease liability adjusted for any prepaid rent, lease incentives provided by the lessor, and any indirect costs.

The subsequent measurement of each type of lease varies. For finance leases, a lessee will amortize the ROU asset (generally on a straight-line basis in a manner similar to depreciation) and accrete the lease liability (as a component of interest expense) using theeffective interest method. Operating leases will result in the recognition of a single lease expense amount that is recorded on a straight-line basis.

We do not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases, which are leases with a maximum term of 12 months or less and do not include a purchase option that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, and instead recognize lease payments on a straight-line basis. In addition, we combine lease and non-lease components relating to our office and warehouse leases, as applicable.

See Note 17 for our disclosures regarding operating lease obligations.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Expenditures for additions, improvements and other enhancements to property, plant and equipment are capitalized, and minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs that do not extend asset life or add value are charged to expense as incurred. When property, plant and equipment assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations for the respective period.

We capitalize interest costs incurred on funds used to construct property, plant and equipment while the asset is in its construction phase. The capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset to which it relates and is amortized over the asset’s estimated useful life as a component of depreciation expense. When capitalized interest is recorded, it reduces interest expense from what it would be otherwise.

In general, depreciation is the systematic and rational allocation of an asset’s cost, less its residual value (if any), to the periods it benefits. The majority of our property, plant and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method, which results in depreciation expense being incurred evenly over the life of an asset. Our estimate of depreciation expense incorporates management assumptions regarding the useful economic lives and residual values of our assets. Where appropriate, we use other depreciation methods (generally accelerated) for tax purposes.

Leasehold improvements are recorded as a component of property, plant and equipment. The cost of leasehold improvements is charged to earnings using the straight-line method over the shorter of (i) the remaining lease term or (ii) the estimated useful lives of the improvements. We consider renewal terms that are deemed reasonably assured when estimating remaining lease terms.

Our assumptions regarding the useful economic lives and residual values of our assets may change in response to new facts and circumstances, which would prospectively impact our depreciation expense amounts. Examples of such circumstances include, but are not limited to: (i) changes in laws and regulations that limit the estimated economic life of an asset; (ii) changes in technology that render an asset obsolete; (iii) changes in expected salvage values or (iv) significant changes in the forecast life of the applicable resource basins, if any.

Certain of our plant facilities undergo periodic planned outages for major maintenance activities. The method of accounting for these activities depends on whether the plant utilizes either a distillation-based or reaction-based process. Our natural gas processing plants, NGL fractionators, deisobutanizers, propylene splitters and similar facilities utilize thermal distillation processes to separate hydrocarbons into more useful components. Our reaction-based plants, which primarily include our PDH, isomerization and octane enhancement facilities, utilize catalysts to facilitate chemical reactions that convert lower value hydrocarbons into higher value products. We use the expense-as-incurred method to account for the planned major maintenance activities of distillation-based plants. For reaction-based plants, we use the deferral method when accounting for major maintenance activities. Under the deferral method, major maintenance costs are capitalized and amortized over the period until the next major overhaul project. Historically, the costs of major maintenance activities attributable to our reaction-based facilities, principally our octane enhancement assets, were not material to our consolidated financial statements.

With regard to the planned major maintenance activities of our marine transportation assets and underground storage caverns, we continue to use the deferral method to account for such costs.

Asset retirement obligations (“AROs”) are legal obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets that result from their acquisition, construction, development and/or normal operation. When an ARO is incurred, we record a liability for the ARO and capitalize an equal amount as an increase in the carrying value of the related long-lived asset. ARO amounts are measured at their estimated fair value using expected present value techniques. Over time, the ARO liability is accreted to its present value (through accretion expense) and the capitalized amount is depreciated over the remaining useful life of the related long-lived asset. We will incur a gain or loss to the extent that our ARO liabilities are not settled at their recorded amounts.

See Note 4 for additional information regarding our property, plant and equipment and AROs.

Revenues

Substantially all of our revenues are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, however, to a limited extent, some revenues are accounted for under other guidance such as ASC 842, Leases, ASC 845, Nonmonetary Transactions, or ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging Activities.

The core principle of ASC 606 is that a company should recognize revenue in a manner that fairly depicts the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration the company expects to receive for those goods or services. We apply this core principle by following five key steps outlined in ASC 606: (i) identify the contract; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Each of these steps involves management judgment and an analysis of the contract’s material terms and conditions.

Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when or as we satisfy our performance obligation to the customer. In situations where we have recognized revenue, but have a conditional right to consideration (based on something other than the passage of time) from the customer, we recognize unbilled revenue (a contract asset) on our consolidated balance sheet. Unbilled revenue is reclassified to accounts receivable when we have an unconditional right of payment from the customer. Payments received from customers in advance of the period in which we satisfy a performance obligation are recorded as deferred revenue (a contract liability) on our consolidated balance sheet.

Our revenue streams are derived from the sale of products and providing midstream services. Revenues from the sale of products are recognized at a point in time, which represents the transfer of control (and the satisfaction of our performance obligation under the contract) to the customer. From that point forward, the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all the benefits from its use of, the products. With respect to midstream services (e.g., interruptible transportation), we satisfy our performance obligations over time and recognize revenues when the services are provided and the customer receives the benefits based on an output measure of volumes redelivered. We believe this measure is a faithful depiction of the transfer of control for midstream services since there is (i) an insignificant period of time between the receipt of customers’ volumes and their subsequent redelivery, and (ii) it is not possible to individually track and differentiate customers’ inventories as they traverse our facilities. For stand-ready performance obligations (e.g., a storage capacity reservation contract), we recognize revenues over time on a straight-line basis as time elapses over the term of the contract. We believe that these approaches accurately depict the transfer of benefits to the customer.

Customers are invoiced for products purchased or services rendered when we have an unconditional right to consideration under the associated contract. The consideration we are entitled to invoice may be either fixed, variable or a combination of both. Examples of fixed consideration would be fixed payments from customers under take-or-pay arrangements, storage capacity reservation agreements and firm transportation contracts. Variable consideration represents payments from customers that are based on factors that fluctuate (or vary) based on volumes, prices or both. Examples of variable consideration include interruptible transportation agreements, market-indexed product sales contracts and the value of NGLs we retain under natural gas processing agreements. The terms of our billings are typical of the industry for the products we sell.

Under certain midstream service agreements, customers are required to provide a minimum volume over an agreed-upon period with a provision that allows the customer to make-up any volume shortfalls over an agreed-upon period (referred to as “make-up rights”). Revenue pursuant to such agreements is initially deferred and subsequently recognized when either the make-up rights are exercised, the likelihood of the customer exercising the rights becomes remote, or we are otherwise released from the performance obligation.

Customers may contribute funds to us to help offset the construction costs related to pipeline construction activities and production well tie-ins. These receipts are recognized as additional service revenues over the term of the associated midstream services provided to the customer.

For those contracts under which we have the ability to invoice the customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of the performance obligation completed to date, we recognize revenue as we have the right to invoice.

See Note 9 regarding our revenue disclosures.

Note 3. Inventories

Our inventory amounts by product type were as follows at the dates indicated:

In those instances where we take ownership of inventory volumes through percent-of-liquids contracts and similar arrangements (as opposed to outright purchases from third parties for cash), these volumes are valued at market-based prices during the month in which they are acquired.

The following table presents our total cost of sales amounts and lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments for the years indicated:

Due to fluctuating commodity prices, we recognize lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments when the carrying value of our available-for-sale inventories exceeds their net realizable value. These non-cash charges are a component of cost of sales in the period they are recognized. To the extent our commodity hedging strategies address inventory-related price risks and are successful, these inventory valuation adjustments are mitigated or offset. See Note 14 for a description of our commodity hedging activities.

Note 4. Property, Plant and Equipment

The historical costs of our property, plant and equipment and related balances were as follows at the dates indicated:

The following table summarizes our depreciation expense and capitalized interest amounts for the years indicated:

Asset Retirement Obligations

We record AROs in connection with legal requirements to perform specified retirement activities under contractual arrangements and/or governmental regulations. Our contractual AROs primarily result from right-of-way agreements associated with our pipeline operations and property leases associated with our plant sites. In addition, we record AROs in connection with governmental regulations associated with the abandonment or retirement of above-ground brine storage pits and certain marine vessels. We also record AROs in connection with regulatory requirements associated with the renovation or demolition of certain assets containing hazardous substances such as asbestos. We typically fund our AROs using cash flow from operations.

Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022 includes $109 million and $117 million, respectively, of asset retirement costs capitalized as an increase in the associated long-lived asset.

The following table presents information regarding our AROs for the years indicated:

Of the $225 million total ARO liability recorded at December 31, 2023, $4 million was reflected as a current liability and $221 million as a long-term liability.

The following table presents our forecast of ARO-related accretion expense for the years indicated:

Impairments of Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table presents our non-cash asset impairment charges involving property, plant and equipment by business segment for the years indicated:

The following information summarizes our significant asset impairment charges involving property, plant and equipment that were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021:

The remainder of our impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are attributable to the complete write-off of assets that are no longer expected to be used or constructed.

Note 5. Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

The following table presents our investments in unconsolidated affiliates by business segment at the dates indicated. We account for these investments using the equity method.

The principal business activity of each investee included in our NGL Pipelines & Services segment is described as follows:

The principal business activity of each investee included in our Crude Oil Pipelines & Services segment is described as follows:

The principal business activity of each investee included in our Natural Gas Pipelines & Services segment is described as follows:

The principal business activity of each investee included in our Petrochemical & Refined Products Services segment is described as follows:

Equity Earnings

The following table presents our equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates by business segment for the years indicated:

Note 6. Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes our intangible assets by business segment at the dates indicated:

The following table presents the amortization expense of our intangible assets by business segment for the years indicated:

The following table presents our forecast of amortization expense associated with existing intangible assets for the years indicated:

Customer relationship intangible assets

Customer relationship intangible assets represent the estimated economic value assigned to commercial relationships acquired in connection with business combinations. Our customer relationship intangible assets are classified as either (i) basin-specific or (ii) general. Basin-specific customer relationships represent access to customers associated with a defined resource basin (e.g., customers using a natural gas gathering system serving a specific production field) and is analogous to having a franchise in a particular area. General customer relationships are associated with customers whose hydrocarbon volumes are not attributable to specific resource basins (e.g., customers at a marine terminal that handles volumes originating from multiple sources).

The estimated fair value of each customer relationship intangible asset was determined at the time of acquisition using a discounted cash flow analysis, which incorporates various assumptions regarding the acquired business. The assumptions may include Level 3 fair value inputs, including long-range cash flow forecasts that extend for the estimated economic life of the hydrocarbon resource base served by the asset network, anticipated service contract renewals, resource base depletion rates and expected customer attrition rates.

The recognition of customer relationships are supported by a variety of factors. In general, midstream infrastructure requires a significant investment, both in terms of initial construction costs and ongoing maintenance, and is generally supported by long-term contracts that establish a customer base. The level of expenditures and regulatory requirements involved in constructing new midstream asset networks can create significant economic barriers to entry that may limit potential competition. Furthermore, efficient, continuous operation of the acquired fixed assets not only supports the commercial relationships existing at the time of the acquisition, but it provides us with opportunities to establish new ones. These factors support the long-term value attributed to our customer relationship intangible assets.

With respect to amortization periods, the duration of a basin-specific customer relationship is limited to the estimated economic life of the associated resource basin. The duration of our other customer relationships is typically limited to the term of the underlying service contracts, including assumed renewals. Amortization expense attributable to customer relationships is recorded in a manner that closely resembles the pattern in which we expect to benefit from such relationships.

At December 31, 2023, the carrying value of our portfolio of customer relationship intangible assets was $2.7 billion, the principal components of which were as follows:

• The EFS Midstream customer relationships provide us with long-term access to condensate and natural gas producers in the Eagle Ford Shale served by our EFS Midstream System. The EFS Midstream System provides condensate gathering and processing services along with gathering, treating and compression services for associated natural gas.

Contract-based intangible assets

Contract-based intangible assets represent specific commercial rights we acquired in connection with business combinations. These intangible assets are typically valued using an income approach that incorporate the terms of the agreements. At December 31, 2023, the carrying value of our portfolio of contract-based intangible assets was $1.1 billion, the principal components of which were as follows:

• The Navitas Midstream customer contracts, which we acquired in connection with our acquisition of Navitas Midstream Partners, LLC (“Navitas Midstream”) in February 2022, represents the estimated value we assigned to the acquired long-term contracts with customers that dedicate future lease production to our system. The estimated fair value of the acquired contract-based intangible assets was determined using an income approach, specifically a discounted cash flow analysis. The fair value estimate incorporates Level 3 inputs including: (i) management’s long-term forecast of cash flows generated by the Midland Basin System based on the estimated economic life of the hydrocarbon resource basin served and resource depletion rates; and (ii) a discount rate of 15.5%, which isbased on a benchmarking analysis with reference to the implied rate of return on the Navitas Midstream acquisition and a market participant weighted average cost of capital. The estimated useful life of the acquired contract-based intangible asset is 30 years. Amortization expense attributable to these contracts is recorded using a units-of-production method based on gathering volumes.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the cost of acquired businesses in excess of the fair value of their net assets at acquisition. The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by business segment during the periods indicated:

Note 7. Debt Obligations

The following table presents our consolidated debt obligations (arranged by company and maturity date) at the dates indicated:

References to “TEPPCO” mean TEPPCO Partners, L.P. prior to its merger with one of our wholly owned subsidiaries in October 2009.

Variable Interest Rates

The following table presents the range of interest rates and weighted-average interest rates paid on our consolidated variable-rate debt during the year ended December 31, 2023:

Amounts borrowed under EPO’s March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement and March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest, at EPO’s election, equal to: (i)SOFR, plus an additional variable spread; or (ii) an alternate base rate, which is the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate in effect on such day plus 0.5%, or (c) Adjusted Term SOFR for an interest period of one month in effect on such day plus 1%, and a variable spread. The applicable spreads are determined based on EPO's debt ratings.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority in the U.K. announced a desire to phase out LIBOR as a benchmark by the end of June 2023. In December 2022, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System approved a final rule to implement the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act, which established benchmark replacements for certain contracts that reference various tenors of LIBOR and do not provide an alternative rate or would result in a rate that is expressed in terms of the last known value of LIBOR (typically referred to as a “frozen LIBOR” provision). The final rule became effective during the first quarter of 2023. As a result of the LIBOR Act, our Junior Subordinated Notes C and D and the TEPPCO Junior Subordinated Notes, which were subject to a variable rate (as defined by the applicable agreement) based on three-month LIBOR (in each case, a “LIBOR Rate”) through June 30, 2023, replaced the applicable LIBOR Rate with a variable rate based on the three-month CME Term SOFR as administered by the CME Group Benchmark Administration, Ltd. plus a 0.26161% tenor spread adjustment beginning on July 1, 2023. Additionally, our Junior Subordinated Notes E and F, which would have been subject to a variable rate (as defined by the applicable agreement) based on three-month LIBOR beginning in August 2027 and February 2028, respectively, will replace the applicable LIBOR Rate with the three-month CME Term SOFR plus a 0.26161% tenor spread adjustment. The foregoing tenor spread adjustment will be in addition to the applicable spread under the terms of each series of Junior Subordinated Notes. We do not expect the transition from LIBOR to have a material financial impact on us.

Scheduled Maturities of Debt

The following table presents the scheduled maturities of principal amounts of EPO’s consolidated debt obligations at December 31, 2023 for the next five years, and in total thereafter:

EPO Debt Obligations

Commercial Paper Notes

EPO maintains a commercial paper program under which it may issue (and have outstanding at any time) up to $3.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of short-term notes. As a back-stop to the program, we intend to maintain a minimum aggregate available borrowing capacity under EPO’s revolving credit facilities equal to the aggregate amount outstanding under our commercial paper notes. All commercial paper notes issued under the program are senior unsecured obligations of EPO that are unconditionally guaranteed by the Partnership. As of December 31, 2023, EPO had $450 million aggregate principal amount of short-term notes outstanding under its commercial paper program.

March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement

In March 2023, EPO entered into a new $1.5 billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement (the “March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement”) that replaced its September 2022 364-day revolving credit agreement. There were no principal amounts outstanding under the September 2022 364-day revolving credit agreement when it was replaced by the March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, there were no principal amounts outstanding under the March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement.

Under the terms of the March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement, EPO may borrow up to $1.5 billion (which may be increased by up to $200 million to $1.7 billion at EPO’s election, provided certain conditions are met) at a variable interest rate for a term of up to 364 days, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein. The March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement matures in March 2024. To the extent that principal amounts are outstanding at the maturity date, EPO may elect to have the entire principal balance then outstanding continued as non-revolving term loans for a period of one additional year, payable in March 2025. Borrowings under the March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and general company purposes.

The March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants (affirmative and negative) and events of default, the occurrence of which would permit the lenders to accelerate the maturity date of any amounts borrowed under this credit agreement. The March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement also restricts EPO’s ability to pay cash distributions to the Partnership, if an event of default (as defined in the credit agreement) has occurred and is continuing at the time such distribution is scheduled to be paid or would result therefrom.

EPO’s obligations under the March 2023 $1.5 Billion 364-Day Revolving Credit Agreement are not secured by any collateral; however, they are guaranteed by the Partnership.

March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement

In March 2023, EPO entered into a new revolving credit agreement that matures in March 2028 (the “March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement”). The March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement replaced EPO’s prior multi-year revolving credit agreement that was scheduled to mature in September 2026. There were no principal amounts outstanding under the prior multi-year revolving credit agreement when it was replaced by the March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, there were no principal amounts outstanding under the March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement.

Under the terms of the March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement, EPO may borrow up to $2.7 billion (which may be increased by up to $500 million to $3.2 billion at EPO’s election, provided certain conditions are met) at a variable interest rate for a term of five years, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein. The March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement matures in March 2028, although the maturity date may be extended at EPO’s request (up to two requests) for a one-year extension of the maturity date by delivering a request prior to the maturity date and with the consent of required lenders as set forth under the March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and general company purposes.

The March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants (affirmative and negative) and events of default, the occurrence of which would permit the lenders to accelerate the maturity date of any amounts borrowed under this credit agreement. The March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement also restricts EPO’s ability to pay cash distributions to the Partnership, if an event of default (as defined in the credit agreement) has occurred and is continuing at the time such distribution is scheduled to be paid or would result therefrom.

EPO’s obligations under the March 2023 $2.7 Billion Multi-Year Revolving Credit Agreement are not secured by any collateral; however, they are guaranteed by the Partnership.

Senior Notes

EPO’s fixed-rate senior notes are unsecured obligations of EPO that rank equal with its existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. They are senior to any existing and future subordinated indebtedness of EPO. EPO’s senior notes are subject to make-whole redemption rights and were issued under indentures containing certain covenants, which generally restrict its ability (with certain exceptions) to incur debt secured by liens and engage in sale and leaseback transactions. In total, EPO issued $1.75 billion and $1.0 billion of senior notes during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, respectively. EPO did not issue any senior notes during the year ended December 31, 2022.

In January 2023, EPO issued $1.75 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes comprised of (i) $750 million principal amount of senior notes due January 2026 (“Senior Notes FFF”) and (ii) $1.0 billion principal amount of senior notes due January 2033 (“Senior Notes GGG”). Net proceeds from this offering were used by EPO for general company purposes, including for growth capital investments, and the repayment of debt (including the repayment of all of our $1.25 billion principal amount of 3.35% Senior Notes HH at their maturity in March 2023 and amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program).

EPO’s senior notes are unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured and unsubordinated basis by the Partnership.

See Note 20, Subsequent Events, for information regarding the issuance of Senior Notes HHH and III in January 2024.

EPO Junior Subordinated Notes

EPO’s payment obligations under its junior subordinated notes (“junior notes”) are subordinated to all of its current and future senior indebtedness. The indenture agreement governing the junior notes allows EPO to defer interest payments on one or more occasions for up to ten consecutive years subject to certain conditions. Subject to certain exceptions, during any period in which interest payments are deferred, neither the Partnership nor EPO can declare or make any distributions on any of our respective equity securities or make any payments on indebtedness or other obligations that rank equal with or are subordinate to the junior notes. Each series of EPO’s junior notes rank equal with each other and generally are not redeemable by EPO while such notes bear interest at a fixed annual rate.

In connection with the issuance of EPO’s Junior Subordinated Notes C, EPO entered into a Replacement Capital Covenant in favor of covered debt holders (as defined in the underlying documents) pursuant to which EPO agreed, for the benefit of such debt holders, that it would not redeem or repurchase such junior notes unless such redemption or repurchase is made using proceeds from the issuance of certain securities.

EPO’s junior notes are unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured and subordinated basis by the Partnership.

Letters of Credit

At December 31, 2023, EPO had $152 million of letters of credit outstanding primarily related to our commodity hedging activities.

Lender Financial Covenants

We were in compliance with the financial covenants of our consolidated debt agreements at December 31, 2023.

Parent-Subsidiary Guarantor Relationships

The Partnership acts as guarantor of the consolidated debt obligations of EPO, with the exception of the remaining debt obligations of TEPPCO. If EPO were to default on any of its guaranteed debt, the Partnership would be responsible for full and unconditional repayment of such obligations.

Note 8. Capital Accounts

Common Limited Partner Interests

The following table summarizes changes in the number of our common units outstanding since December 31, 2020:

The Partnership’s common units represent limited partner interests that give the holders thereof the right to participate in distributions and to exercise the other rights or privileges available to them under our Seventh Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership(as amended from time to time, the “Partnership Agreement”). In accordance with the Partnership Agreement, capital accounts are maintained for our limited partners. The capital account provisions of our Partnership Agreement incorporate principles established for U.S. federal income tax purposes and are not comparable to the equity balances presented in our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Partnership earnings and cash distributions are allocated to holders of our common units in accordance with their respective percentage interests.

Registration Statements

We have a universal shelf registration statement on file with the SEC which allows the Partnership and EPO (each on a standalone basis) to issue an unlimited amount of equity and debt securities, respectively.

In addition, the Partnership has a registration statement on file with the SEC covering the issuance of up to $2.5 billion of its common units in amounts, at prices and on terms based on market conditions and other factors at the time of such offerings (referred to as the Partnership’s at-the-market (“ATM”) program). The Partnership did not issue any common units under its ATM program during the three years ended December 31, 2023. The Partnership’s capacity to issue additional common units under the ATM program remains at $2.5 billion as of December 31, 2023.

We may issue additional equity and debt securities to assist us in meeting our future liquidity requirements, including those related to capital investments.

Common Unit Repurchases Under 2019 Buyback Program

In January 2019, we announced that the Board had approved a $2.0 billion multi-year unit buyback program (the “2019 Buyback Program”), which provides the Partnership with an additional method to return capital to investors. The 2019 Buyback Program authorizes the Partnership to repurchase its common units from time to time, including through open market purchases and negotiated transactions. No time limit has been set for completion of the program, and it may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

The Partnership repurchased 7,244,540,10,166,923 and 9,891,956 common units under the 2019 Buyback Program through open market purchases during the years ended December 31, 2023,2022 and 2021, respectively. The total cost of these repurchases, including commissions and fees, was $188 million, $250 million and $214 million, respectively. Common units repurchased under the 2019 Buyback Program are immediately cancelled upon acquisition. At December 31, 2023, the remaining available capacity under the 2019 Buyback Program was $1.1 billion.

Common Units Delivered Under DRIP and EUPP

The Partnership has a registration statement on file with the SEC authorizing the issuance or other delivery of our common units in connection with a distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”). The DRIP provides unitholders of record and beneficial owners of our common units a voluntary means by which they can increase the number of our common units they own by reinvesting the quarterly cash distributions they receive from us into the purchase of additional common units. In addition to the DRIP, we have registration statements on file with the SEC authorizing the issuance or other delivery of up to 23,000,000 ofour common units in connection with an employee unit purchase plan (“EUPP”).

We have the sole discretion to determine whether common units purchased under the DRIP and EUPP will come from our authorized but unissued common units or from common units purchased on the open market by each plan’s administrator. During each of the years ended December 31,2023,2022 and 2021, the Partnership used common units purchased on the open market, rather than issuing new common units, to satisfy its delivery obligations under the DRIP and EUPP. This election is subject to change in future quarters depending on the Partnership’s need for equity capital. Agents of the Partnership purchased 6,560,588,6,392,846 and 6,363,197 common units on the open market and delivered them to participants in the DRIP and EUPP during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Apart from $3 million attributable to the plan discount available to all participants in the EUPP during each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the funds used to effect these purchases were sourced from the DRIP and EUPP participants. No other Partnership funds were used to satisfy these obligations. We used open market purchases to satisfy DRIP and EUPP reinvestments in connection with the distribution paid on February 14, 2024.

After taking into account the number of common units delivered under the DRIP through December 31, 2023, we have the capacity to deliver an additional 34,589,287 common units under this plan. Likewise, we have the capacity to deliver an additional 15,027,935 common units under the EUPP.

Common Units Issued in Connection With the Vesting of Phantom Unit Awards

After taking into account tax withholding requirements, the Partnership issued 4,662,539,4,571,333 and 3,936,437 newcommon units to employees in connection with the vesting of phantom unit awards during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 13 for information regarding our phantom unit awards.

Redeemable Preferred Limited Partner Interests

The following table summarizes changes in the number of our preferred units outstanding since December 31, 2020:

In September 2020, the Partnership issued and sold an aggregate of 50,000 Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Units in a private placement transaction. The preferred units represent a new class of limited partner interests authorized under the Partnership Agreement. The stated value of each preferred unit is $1,000 per unit.

Concurrently, the Partnership exchanged all of the 54,807,352 Partnership common units owned directly by a wholly owned subsidiary, OTA Holdings, Inc. (“OTA”) for 855,915 of the Partnership’s new preferred units having an equivalent value. The preferred units held by OTA, like the common units OTA held prior to the exchange, are accounted for as treasury units by the Partnership in consolidation.

In March 2021, a privately held affiliate of EPCO sold its entire ownership interest in the Partnership’s preferred units to third parties.

As described in the Partnership Agreement, key terms of the preferred units include the following:

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Partnership made quarterly distributions to its third party and related party preferred unitholders valued at $3 million, consisting of PIK distributions of 274 new preferred units and $3 million in cash.

During each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Partnership made quarterly cash distributions to its preferred unitholders for $3 million.

In connection with a redemption at the Partnership’s election, the Partnership may convert up to 50% of the preferred units being redeemed into common units (and to pay cash with respect to the remainder), with each such preferred unit being converted on the applicable redemption date into a number of common units equal to (i) the then-applicable preferred unit redemption price divided by (ii)92.5% of the volume-weighted average price of the Partnership’s common units at the time of conversion (as defined in the underlying agreements).

The Partnership has agreed to prepare and file a registration statement that would permit or otherwise facilitate the public resale of any common units resulting from the conversion of the preferred units to common units.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 presents the capital accounts of the third-party purchasers of the preferred units as mezzanine equity since the terms of the preferred units allow for cash redemption by the holders in a Change of Control event, without regard to the likelihood of such an event. The preferred units held by OTA are presented as treasury units in consolidation since their ultimate disposition remains under the control of the Partnership.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) primarily reflects cumulative gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualified as cash flow hedges from inception less gains or losses previously reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings. Gain or loss amounts related to cash flow hedges recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified to earnings in the same period(s) in which the underlying hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. If it becomes probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, the related net gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is immediately reclassified into earnings.

The following tables present the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at the dates indicated:

The following table presents reclassifications of (income) loss out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net income during the years indicated:

For information regarding our interest rate and commodity derivative instruments, see Note 14.

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests represent third party ownership interests in our consolidated subsidiaries. The following table presents the components of noncontrolling interests as reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at the dates indicated:

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was$125 million, $125 million and $117 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

On February 16, 2024, we acquired the remaining noncontrolling interest of Whitethorn and Enterprise EF78 LLC (“EF78”) and entered into a definite agreement to acquire additional equity interests in Panola Pipeline Company, LLC (“Panola”). See Note 20, Subsequent Events, for information regarding these acquisitions.

Cash Distributions

The following table presents Enterprise’s declared quarterly cash distribution rates per common unit with respect to the quarter indicated. Actual cash distributions are paid by Enterprise within 45 days after the end of each fiscal quarter.

On January 8, 2024, we announced that the Board declared a quarterly cash distribution of $0.515 per common unit, or $2.06 per common unit on an annualized basis, to be paid to the Partnership’s common unitholders with respect to the fourth quarter of 2023. The quarterly distribution was paid on February 14, 2024 to unitholders of record as of the close of business on January 31, 2024. The total amount paid was $1.13 billion, which includes $10 million for distribution equivalent rights (“DERs”) on phantom unit awards.

The payment of quarterly cash distributions is subject to management’s evaluation of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in connection with such payments and Board approval. Management will evaluate any future increases in cash distributions on a quarterly basis.

Note 9. Revenues

We classify our revenues into sales of products and midstream services. Product sales relate primarily to our various marketing activities whereas midstream services represent our other integrated businesses (i.e., gathering, processing, transportation, fractionation, storage and terminaling). The following table presents our revenues by business segment, and further by revenue type, for the years indicated:

Substantially all of our revenues are derived from contracts with customers as defined within ASC 606. The following information describes the nature of our significant revenue streams by segment and type:

Sales of NGLs and related products

NGL marketing activities generate revenues from spot and term sales of NGLs and related products that we take title to through our natural gas processing activities (i.e., our equity NGL production) and open market and long-term contract purchases. Revenue from these sales contracts is recognized when the NGLs are sold and delivered to customers at market-based prices.

Natural gas processing utilizes service contracts that are either fee-based, commodity-based or a combination of the two. When a cash fee for natural gas processing services is stipulated by a contract, we record revenue when a producer’s natural gas has been processed and redelivered. Our commodity-based contracts include keepwhole, margin-band, percent-of-liquids, percent-of-proceeds and contracts featuring a combination of commodity and fee-based terms.

We recognize midstream service revenues in connection with the equity NGL-equivalents we receive under commodity-based contracts (once the processing service has been performed and we are entitled to such volumes). The value assigned to this non-cash consideration and related inventory is based on the market value of the equity NGL-equivalents at the time the services are performed. As noted previously, we also recognize product sales revenue, along with a corresponding cost of sales, when these NGLs are delivered and sold to downstream customers under NGL marketing contracts.

NGL fractionation generates revenue using fee-based arrangements. These fees are contractually subject to adjustment for changes in certain fractionation expenses (e.g., fuel costs) and are recognized in the period services are provided.

NGL pipeline transportation contracts and tariffs generate revenue based on a fixed fee per gallon multiplied by the volume transported and delivered (or capacity reserved). Transportation fees charged to shippers are based on either tariffs regulated by governmental agencies or contractual arrangements. Under certain agreements, customers are required to ship a minimum volume with a provision that allows the shipper to make-up any volume shortfalls over an agreed-upon period (referred to as “make-up rights”). Revenue attributable to such agreements is initially deferred and subsequently recognized at the earlier of when the deficiency volume is shipped, when the likelihood of the shipper’s ability to meet the minimum volume commitment becomes remote, or when the pipeline is otherwise released from its performance obligation.

NGL and related product storage contracts generate revenue from capacity reservations where we collect a fee for reserving storage capacity for customers in our underground storage wells and above-ground storage tanks. Under these agreements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the reservation period. In addition, we generally charge customers throughput fees based on volumes delivered into and subsequently withdrawn from storage, which are recognized as the service is provided.

NGL import and export terminaling activities generate revenue in the period services are provided. Customers are typically billed a fee per unit of volume loaded or unloaded.

Sales of crude oil

Crude oil marketing activities generate revenues from the sale and delivery of crude oil purchased either directly from producers or on the open market. Revenue from these sales contracts is recognized when crude oil is sold and delivered to customers at market-based prices.

Crude oil transportation contracts and tariffs generate revenue based upon a fixed fee per barrel multiplied by the volume transported and delivered (or capacity reserved). Transportation fees charged to shippers are based on either tariffs regulated by governmental agencies or contractual arrangements. Under certain agreements, customers are required to ship a minimum volume over an agreed-upon period, with make-up rights. Revenue attributable to such agreements is initially deferred and subsequently recognized at the earlier of when the deficiency volume is shipped, when the likelihood of the shipper’s ability to meet the minimum volume commitment becomes remote, or when the pipeline is otherwise released from its performance obligation.

Crude oil storage contracts generate revenue from capacity reservations where we collect a fee for reserving storage capacity for customers at our terminals. Under these agreements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the reservation period. In addition, customers are billed a fee per unit of volume handled at our terminals. Revenue is recognized as the terminaling service is provided.

Sales of natural gas

Natural gas marketing activities generate revenue from the sale and delivery of natural gas purchased from producers, natural gas processing facilities, and on the open market. Revenue from these sales contracts is recognized when natural gas is sold and delivered to customers at market-based prices.

Natural gas transportation contracts generate revenues based on a fee per unit of volume transported multiplied by the volume gathered or delivered. Transportation fees charged to shippers are based on either tariffs regulated by governmental agencies or contractual arrangements. Revenues under transportation contracts are recognized when the volumes are transported and delivered to customers. In addition, certain of our natural gas pipelines offer firm capacity reservation services whereby the shipper pays a contractual fee based on the level of throughput capacity reserved. Revenues are recognized when the firm capacity services are provided to the shipper.

Sales of petrochemicals and refined products

Our petrochemical and refined products marketing activities generate revenue from the sale and delivery of products to customers at market-based prices. The products handled by these marketing groups include polymer grade propylene, octane additives, high purity isobutylene and various refined products.

Propylene fractionation units and butane isomerization facilities generate revenue through fee-based tolling arrangements with customers. Revenue from such agreements is recognized in the period the services are provided.

Petrochemical and refined products transportation contracts generate revenue based upon a fixed fee per volume multiplied by the volume transported and delivered. Transportation fees charged to shippers are based on either tariffs regulated by governmental agencies or contractual arrangements.

Marine transportation contracts generate revenue based on set day rates or a set fee per cargo movement recognized over the transit time of individual tows. Additionally, we record revenue for the costs of fuel and other operating costs that are directly reimbursed by our marine customers.

Petrochemicals and refined products storage contracts generate revenue from capacity reservations where we collect a fee for reserving storage capacity for customers at our terminals. Under these agreements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the reservation period. In addition, customers are billed a fee per unit of volume handled at our terminals. Revenue is recognized as the terminaling service is provided.

Unbilled Revenue and Deferred Revenue

The following table provides information regarding our contract assets and contract liabilities at the dates indicated:

The following table presents significant changes in our unbilled revenue and deferred revenue balances during the years indicated:

Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table presents estimated fixed future consideration from revenue contracts that contain minimum volume commitments, deficiency and similar fees and the term of the contracts exceeds one year. These amounts represent the revenues we expect to recognize in future periods from these contracts as of December 31, 2023.

For a significant portion of our revenue, we bill customers a contractual rate for the services provided multiplied by the amount of volume handled in a given period. We have the right to invoice the customer in the amount that corresponds directly with the value of our performance completed to date. Therefore, we are not required to disclose information about the variable consideration of remaining performance obligations since we recognize revenue equal to the amount that we have the right to invoice.

Note 10. Business Segments and Related Information

Segment Overview

Our operations are reported under four business segments: (i) NGL Pipelines & Services, (ii) Crude Oil Pipelines & Services, (iii) Natural Gas Pipelines & Services and (iv) Petrochemical & Refined Products Services. Our business segments are generally organized and managed according to the types of services rendered (or technologies employed) and products produced and/or sold.

Financial information regarding these segments is evaluated regularly by our co-chief operating decision makers in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing our operating and financial performance. The co-principal executive officers of our general partner have been identified as our co-chief operating decision makers. While these two officers evaluate results in a number of different ways, the business segment structure is the primary basis for which the allocation of resources and financial results are assessed.

The following information summarizes the assets and operations of each business segment:

Our plants, pipelines and other fixed assets are located in the U.S.

Segment Gross Operating Margin

We evaluate segment performance based on our financial measure of gross operating margin. Gross operating margin is an important performance measure of the core profitability of our operations and forms the basis of our internal financial reporting. We believe that investors benefit from having access to the same financial measures that our management uses in evaluating segment results. Gross operating margin is exclusive of other income and expense transactions, income taxes, the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles and extraordinary charges. Gross operating margin is presented on a 100% basis before any allocation of earnings to noncontrolling interests. Our calculation of gross operating margin may or may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

The following table presents our measurement of total segment gross operating margin for the years indicated. The GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to total segment gross operating margin is operating income.

The results of operations from our liquids pipelines are primarily dependent upon the volumes transported and the associated fees we charge for such transportation services. Typically, pipeline transportation revenue is recognized when volumes are re-delivered to customers. However, under certain pipeline transportation agreements, customers are required to ship a minimum volume over an agreed-upon period. These arrangements may entail the shipper paying a transportation fee based on a minimum volume commitment, with a provision that allows the shipper to make-up any volume shortfalls over the agreed-upon period (referred to as shipper “make-up rights”). Revenue pursuant to such agreements is initially deferred and subsequently recognized under GAAP at the earlier of when the deficiency volume is shipped, when the likelihood of the shipper’s ability to meet the minimum volume commitment becomes remote, or when the pipeline is otherwise released from its performance obligation.

However, management includes deferred transportation revenues relating to the “make-up rights” of committed shippers when reviewing the financial results of certain pipelines (Texas Express Pipeline, Front Range Pipeline, ATEX, Aegis Ethane Pipeline, and Seaway Pipeline). From an internal (and segment) reporting standpoint, management considers the transportation fees paid by committed shippers on these pipelines, including any non-refundable revenues that may be deferred under GAAP related to make-up rights, to be important in assessing the financial performance of these pipeline assets. Although the adjustments for make-up rights are included in segment gross operating margin, our consolidated revenues do not reflect any deferred revenues until the conditions for recognizing such revenues are met in accordance with GAAP.

Gross operating margin by segment is calculated by subtracting segment operating costs and expenses from segment revenues, with both segment totals reflecting the adjustments noted in the preceding table, as applicable, and before the elimination of intercompany transactions. The following table presents gross operating margin by segment for the years indicated:

Summarized Segment Financial Information

Information by business segment, together with reconciliations to amounts presented on, or included in, our Statements of Consolidated Operations, is presented in the following table:

Segment revenues include intersegment and intrasegment transactions, which are generally based on transactions made at market-based rates. Our consolidated revenues reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions.

We include equity in income of unconsolidated affiliates in our measurement of segment gross operating margin and operating income. Equity investments with industry partners are a significant component of our business strategy. They are a means by which we conduct our operations to align our interests with those of customers and/or suppliers. This method of operation enables us to achieve favorable economies of scale relative to the level of investment and business risk assumed. Many of these businesses perform supporting or complementary roles to our other midstream business operations.

Our integrated midstream energy asset network (including the midstream energy assets owned by our unconsolidated affiliates) provides services to producers and consumers of natural gas, NGLs, crude oil, refined products and certain petrochemicals. In general, hydrocarbons may enter our asset system in a number of ways, such as through a natural gas gathering pipeline, natural gas processing facility, a crude oil pipeline or terminal, an NGL fractionator, an NGL storage facility or an NGL gathering or transportation pipeline. The assets of many of our equity investees are included within our integrated midstream network. For example, we use the Front Range Pipeline and Texas Express Pipeline to transport mixed NGLs to our Chambers County NGL fractionation and storage complex and the Seaway Pipeline to transport crude oil to our terminals in the Houston, Texas area. Given the integral nature of these equity method investees to our operations, we believe the presentation of equity earnings from such investees as a component of gross operating margin and operating income is meaningful and appropriate.

Information by business segment, together with reconciliations to our Consolidated Balance Sheet totals, is presented in the following table:

Segment assets consist of property, plant and equipment, investments in unconsolidated affiliates, intangible assets and goodwill. The carrying values of such amounts are assigned to each segment based on each asset’s or investment’s principal operations and contribution to the gross operating margin of that particular segment. Since construction-in-progress (a component of property, plant and equipment) does not contribute to segment gross operating margin, such amounts are excluded from segment asset totals until the underlying assets are placed in service. Intangible assets and goodwill are assigned to each segment based on the classification of the assets to which they relate. The remainder of our consolidated total assets, which consist primarily of working capital assets, are excluded from segment assets since these amounts are not attributable to one specific segment (e.g., cash).

Supplemental Revenue and Expense Information

The following table presents additional information regarding our consolidated revenues and costs and expenses for the years indicated:

Fluctuations in our product sales revenues and cost of sales amounts are explained in large part by changes in energy commodity prices. In general, higher energy commodity prices result in an increase in our revenues attributable to product sales; however, these higher commodity prices would also be expected to increase the associated cost of sales as purchase costs are higher. The same type of relationship would be true in the case of lower energy commodity sales prices and purchase costs.

Major Customer Information

Substantially all of our consolidated revenues are earned in the U.S. and derived from a wide customer base. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, Vitol Holding B.V. and its affiliates (collectively, “Vitol”) accounted for $7.87 billion, or 15.8%, and $5.92 billion, or 10.2%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues. Vitolis a global energy and commodity trading company. Revenues earned from Vitol during 2023 and 2022 are included within each of our four business segments.

No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Note 11. Earnings Per Unit

The following table presents our calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common unit for the years indicated:

Note 12. Business Combinations

On February 17, 2022, an affiliate of Enterprise acquired all of the member interests in Navitas Midstream Partners, LLC (“Navitas Midstream”) for $3.2 billion in cash. We funded the cash consideration using proceeds from the issuance of short-term notes under EPO’s commercial paper program and cash on hand.

Navitas Midstream's assets (the “Midland Basin System”) include approximately 1,750 miles of pipelines and over 1.0 Bcf/d of cryogenic natural gas processing capacity. The acquired business expands our natural gas processing and NGL businesses to the Midland Basin in West Texas.

The acquisition of Navitas Midstream was accounted for under the acquisition method in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The preliminary allocation of purchase consideration was based upon the estimated fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition. The preliminary allocation was made to major categories of assets and liabilities based on management’s best estimates and supported by an independent third-party analysis.

We engaged an independent third party business valuation expert to assist us in estimating the fair values of the tangible and intangible assets of Navitas Midstream. The following table summarizes the final fair value allocation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition at February 17, 2022 (the effective date of the acquisition).

The contribution of this newly acquired business to our consolidated revenues and net income was not material during the year ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, acquisition related costs were not material during the year ended December 31, 2022.

On a historical pro forma basis, our revenues, costs and expenses, operating income, net income attributable to common unitholders and earnings per unit for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 would not have differed materially from those we actually reported had the acquisition been completed on January 1, 2021 rather than February 17, 2022.

Note 13. Equity-Based Awards

An allocated portion of the fair value of EPCO’s equity-based awards is charged to us under the ASA. The following table summarizes compensation expense we recognized in connection with equity-based awards for the years indicated:

The fair value of equity-classified awards is amortized to earnings over the requisite service or vesting period. Equity-classified awards are expected to result in the issuance of the Partnership’s common units upon vesting.

The 2008 Enterprise Products Long-Term Incentive Plan (Fourth Amendment and Restatement) (referred to as the “2008 Plan”) is a plan under which any non-employee director, employee or consultants of EPCO, the Partnership or its affiliates providing services, directly or indirectly, for the Partnership or its subsidiaries may receive incentive compensation awards in the form of options, restricted units, phantom units, distribution equivalent rights, unit appreciation rights, unit awards, other unit-based awards or substitute awards.

The maximum number of the Partnership’s common units authorized for issuance under the 2008 Plan was 165,000,000 at December 31, 2023. The 2008 Plan is effective until November 22, 2032 or, if earlier, until (i) the time that all available common units under the 2008 Plan have been delivered to participants or (ii) the time of termination of the 2008 Plan by the Board of Directors of EPCO or by the Incentive Plan Administration Subcommittee of the Governance Committee of the Board of Enterprise GP. After giving effect to awards granted under the 2008 Plan through December 31, 2023, a total of 109,102,487 additional common units were available for issuance. After taking into account tax withholding requirements, we issued 4,662,539,4,571,333 and 3,936,437 common units in connection with the vesting of phantom unit awards in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Phantom Unit Awards

Subject to customary forfeiture provisions, phantom unit awards allow recipients to acquire the Partnership’s common units once a defined vesting period expires (at no cost to the recipient apart from fulfilling required service and other conditions). We expect phantom units to result in the issuance of common units upon vesting; therefore, these grants are accounted for as equity-classified awards. Phantom unit awards generally vest at a rate of 25% per year beginning one year after the grant date and are non-vested until the required service periods expire.

The grant date fair value of a phantom unit award is based on the market price per unit of the Partnership’s common units on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized based on the grant date fair value, net of an allowance for estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service or vesting period.

The following table presents phantom unit award activity for the years indicated:

The 2008 Plan provides for the issuance of DERs in connection with phantom unit awards. A DER entitles the participant to nonforfeitable cash payments equal to the product of the number of phantom unit awards outstanding for the participant and the cash distribution per common unit paid by the Partnership to its common unitholders. Cash payments made in connection with DERs are charged to partners’ equity when the phantom unit award is expected to result in the issuance of common units; otherwise, such amounts are expensed.

The following table presents supplemental information regarding phantom unit awards for the years indicated:

For the EPCO group of companies, the unrecognized compensation cost associated with phantom unit awards was $179 million at December 31, 2023, of which our share of such cost is currently estimated to be $144 million. Due to the graded vesting provisions of these awards, we expect to recognize our share of the unrecognized compensation cost for these awards over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.

Profits Interest Awards

In 2018, EPCO Holdings Inc. (“EPCO Holdings”), a privately held affiliate of EPCO, contributed a portion of the Partnership’s common units it owned to form EPD 2018 Unit IV L.P. (“EPD IV”) and EPCO Unit II L.P. (“EPCO II”) (collectively referred to as “Employee Partnerships”) that serve as long-term incentive arrangements for key employees of EPCO by providing them a “profits interest” (in the form of a Class B limited partner interest) in an Employee Partnership.

On November 6, 2023, the partners of EPD IV and EPCO II amended their respective Employee Partnership’s limited partnership agreement to provide that the Class B limited partner interests therein will vest on the earliest of (i) December 3, 2027, (ii) the first date on or after November 6, 2023 for which the closing sale price of the Partnership’s common units on the NYSE is equal to or greater than $29.02 per unit (subject to certain adjustments), (iii) a change of control, or (iv) dissolution of such Employee Partnership. As a result of these modifications, EPD IV and EPCO II will recognize incremental compensation cost of $13 million and $3 million, respectively, over the requisite service period of the awards.

In exchange for the contributions of the Partnership’s common units, EPCO Holdings was admitted as the Class A limited partner of each Employee Partnership. Also on the applicable contribution date, certain key EPCO employees were issued Class B limited partner interests (i.e., profits interest awards) and admitted as Class B limited partners of each Employee Partnership, all without any capital contribution by such employees. EPCO serves as the general partner of each Employee Partnership.

Each quarter, the Employee Partnerships, as owners of the Partnership’s common units, receive a cash distribution from the Partnership as do the Partnership’s other common unitholders. The cash received by the Employee Partnership is first used to pay the Class A limited partner a cash distribution equal to the product of (i) the number of the Partnership’s common units owned by the Employee Partnership and (ii) the Class A Preference Return (subject to equitable adjustment in order to reflect any equity split, equity distribution or dividend, reverse split, combination, reclassification, recapitalization or other similar event affecting such common units). To the extent that the Employee Partnership has cash remaining after making this quarterly payment to the Class A limited partner, the residual cash is distributed to the Class B limited partners on a quarterly basis as a distribution.

Upon liquidation of an Employee Partnership, assets having a then current fair market value equal to the Class A limited partner’s capital base in such Employee Partnership will be distributed to the Class A limited partner. Any remaining assets of such Employee Partnership will be distributed to the Class B limited partners of such Employee Partnership as a residual profits interest, which represents the appreciation in value of the Employee Partnership’s assets since the date of EPCO Holdings’ contribution to it, as described above.

Unless otherwise agreed to by EPCO and a majority in interest of the limited partners of each Employee Partnership, such Employee Partnership will terminate at the earliest to occur of (i)30 days following its vesting date, (ii) a change of control or (iii) a dissolution of the Employee Partnership.

Individually, each Class B limited partner interest is subject to forfeiture if the participating employee’s employment with EPCO is terminated prior to vesting, with customary exceptions for death, disability and certain retirements. The risk of forfeiture will also lapse upon certain change of control events. Forfeited individual Class B limited partner interests are allocated to the remaining Class B limited partners.

The following table summarizes key elements of each Employee Partnership as of December 31, 2023:

The fair value of each Employee Partnership as of the modification date is based on (i) the estimated value (as determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model or Monte Carlo model, as applicable) of such Employee Partnership’s assets that would be distributed to the Class B limited partners thereof upon liquidation and (ii) the value, based on a discounted cash flow analysis, of the residual quarterly cash amounts that such Class B limited partners are expected to receive over the life of the Employee Partnership.

The following table summarizes the assumptions we used in applying a Black-Scholes option pricing model or Monte Carlo model, as applicable, to derive that portion of the estimated fair value of the profits interest awards (at either the grant date or modification date) for each Employee Partnership:

Compensation expense attributable to the profits interest awards is based on the estimated fair value of each award. A portion of the fair value of these equity-based awards is allocated to us under the ASA as a non-cash expense. We are not responsible for reimbursing EPCO for any expenses of the Employee Partnerships, including the value of any contributions of units made by EPCO Holdings.

Note 14. Hedging Activities and Fair Value Measurements

In the normal course of our business operations, we are exposed to certain risks, including changes in interest rates and commodity prices. In order to manage risks associated with assets, liabilities and certain anticipated future transactions, we use derivative instruments such as futures, forward contracts, swaps, options and other instruments with similar characteristics. Substantially all of our derivatives are used for non-trading activities.

Interest Rate Hedging Activities

We may utilize interest rate swaps, forward-starting swaps, options to enter into forward-starting swaps (“swaptions”), treasury locks and similar derivative instruments to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates charged on borrowings under certain consolidated debt agreements. This strategy may be used in controlling our overall cost of capital associated with such borrowings.

Treasury Locks

A treasury lock is an agreement that fixes the price (or yield) of a specified U.S. treasury security for an established period of time. We use treasury lock agreements to hedge our exposure to interest rate changes and to reduce the volatility of financing costs on an expected future debt issuance. Each of our treasury lock transactions was designated as a cash flow hedge of the interest payments associated with an anticipated debt issuance.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we entered into three treasury lock transactions to fix the ten-year treasury rate at a weighted-average rate of approximately 4.48% on an aggregate notional amount of $600 million. In January 2024, we entered into two additional treasury lock transactions to fix the ten-year treasury rate at 3.97% on a notional amount of $400 million and to fix the three-year treasury rate at 4.11% on a notional amount of $750 million. The purpose of these transactions was to hedge the underlying interest rate risk associated with debt issuances expected to occur in January 2024 (see Note 20). In January 2024, we terminated all of the treasury lock transactions simultaneously with our issuance of the three-year and ten-year notes and made total cash payments of $29 million. As cash flow hedges, losses on these derivative instruments are reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and will be amortized to earnings as a component of interest expense over the full term of each issuance.

In January 2023, upon issuance of Senior Notes FFF and GGG (see Note 7), we terminated and settled treasury lock transactions with a combined notional amount of $1.5 billion and received total cash proceeds of $21 million. As cash flow hedges, the gain realized on these derivative instruments was reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and is amortized to earnings as a reduction to interest expense over the full term of each issuance.

Forward-Starting Swaps

Forward-starting swaps hedge the risk of an increase in underlying benchmark interest rates during the period of time between the inception date of the swap agreement and the future date of a debt issuance. Under the terms of the forward-starting swaps, we pay to the counterparties (at the expected settlement dates of the instruments) amounts based on a fixed interest rate applied to a notional amount and receive from the counterparties an amount equal to a variable interest rate on the same notional amount.

During 2021, we terminated an aggregate $1.1 billion notional amount of forward-starting swaps, which resulted in net cash proceeds of $75 million. Since the original swaptions associated with certain of these forward-starting swaps were not designated as hedging instruments and were subject to mark-to-market accounting, we previously incurred an unrealized, mark-to-market loss at inception of the forward starting swaps of $48 million that was reflected as an increase in interest expense in 2019. Immediately following exercise of the swaptions and being put into the forward-starting swaps, these instruments were designated as cash flow hedges. For the period from inception through the termination date in March 2021, we recognized cumulative gains on the forward-starting swaps of $123 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, of which $99 million is being reclassified to earnings (as a decrease in interest expense) over the 30-year life of the associated debt through February 2053 and $22 million is being reclassified to earnings (as a decrease in interest expense) over the cumulative life of the associated Senior Notes GGG (see Note 7) and future debt obligations. We reclassified $2 million of the cumulative gain as a decrease in interest expense in 2021.

Commodity Hedging Activities

The prices of natural gas, NGLs, crude oil, petrochemicals and refined products and power are subject to fluctuations in response to changes in supply and demand, market conditions and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control. In order to manage such price risks, we enter into commodity derivative instruments such as physical forward contracts, futures contracts, fixed-for-float swaps and basis swaps.

At December 31, 2023, our predominant commodity hedging strategies consisted of (i) hedging anticipated future purchases and sales of commodity products associated with transportation, storage and blending activities, (ii) hedging natural gas processing margins, (iii) hedging the fair value of commodity products held in inventory and (iv) hedging anticipated future purchases of power for certain operations in Southeast Texas.

The following table summarizes our portfolio of commodity derivative instruments outstanding at December 31, 2023 (volume measures as noted):

The carrying amount of our inventories subject to fair value hedges was $2 million and $12 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Certain basis swaps and other derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are used to manage market risks associated with anticipated purchases and sales of commodity products. There is some uncertainty involved in the timing of these transactions often due to the development of more favorable profit opportunities or when spreads are insufficient to cover variable costs thus reducing the likelihood that the transactions will occur during the periods originally forecasted. In accordance with derivatives accounting guidance, these instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting even though they are effective at managing the risk exposures of the underlying assets. Due to volatility in commodity prices, any non-cash, mark-to-market earnings variability cannot be predicted.

Tabular Presentation of Fair Value Amounts, and Gains and Losses on

Derivative Instruments and Related Hedged Items

The following table provides a balance sheet overview of our derivative assets and liabilities at the dates indicated:

Certain of our commodity derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements. The following tables present our derivative instruments subject to such arrangements at the dates indicated:

Derivative assets and liabilities recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented on a gross basis and determined at the individual transaction level. This presentation method is applied regardless of whether the respective exchange clearing agreements, counterparty contracts or master netting agreements contain netting language often referred to as “rights of offset.” Although derivative amounts are presented on a gross basis, having rights of offset enable the settlement of a net as opposed to gross receivable or payable amount under a counterparty default or liquidation scenario.

Cash is paid and received as collateral under certain agreements, particularly for those associated with exchange transactions. For any cash collateral payments or receipts, corresponding assets or liabilities are recorded to reflect the variation margin deposits or receipts with exchange clearing brokers and customers. These balances are also presented on a gross basis on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The tabular presentation above provides a means for comparing the gross amount of derivative assets and liabilities, excluding associated accounts payable and receivable, to the net amount that would likely be receivable or payable under a default scenario based on the existence of rights of offset in the respective derivative agreements. Any cash collateral paid or received is reflected in these tables, but only to the extent that it represents variation margins. Any amounts associated with derivative prepayments or initial margins that are not influenced by the derivative asset or liability amounts or those that are determined solely on their volumetric notional amounts are excluded from these tables.

The following tables present the effect of our derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges on our Statements of Consolidated Operations for the years indicated:

The gain (loss) corresponding to the hedge ineffectiveness on the fair value hedges was negligible for all periods presented. The remaining gain (loss) for each period presented is primarily attributable to prompt-to-forward month price differentials that were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

The following tables present the effect of our derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges on our Statements of Consolidated Operations and Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income for the years indicated:

Over the next twelve months, we expect to reclassify $9 million of gains attributable to interest rate derivative instruments from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings as a decrease in interest expense. Likewise, we expect to reclassify $146 million of net gains attributable to commodity derivative instruments from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings, with $161 million as an increase in revenue and $15 million as an increase in operating costs and expenses.

The following table presents the effect of our derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on our Statements of Consolidated Operations for the years indicated:

The $213 million net gain recognized for the year ended December 31, 2023 (as noted in the preceding table) from derivatives not designated as hedging instruments consists of $246 million of net realized gains and $33 million of net unrealized mark-to-market losses attributable to commodity derivatives.

In total and inclusive of both fair value hedges and derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses) included in gross operating margin were as follows for the years indicated:

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables set forth, by level within the Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value hierarchy (see Note 2), the carrying values of our financial assets and liabilities at the dates indicated. These assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis and are classified based on the lowest level of input used to estimate their fair value. Our assessment of the relative significance of such inputs requires judgment.

The values for commodity derivatives are presented before and after the application of CME Rule 814, which deems that financial instruments cleared by the CME are settled daily in connection with variation margin payments. As a result of this exchange rule, CME-related derivatives are considered to have no fair value at the balance sheet date for financial reporting purposes; however, the derivatives remain outstanding and subject to future commodity price fluctuations until they are settled in accordance with their contractual terms. Derivative transactions cleared on exchanges other than the CME (e.g., the Intercontinental Exchange or ICE) continue to be reported on a gross basis.

In the aggregate, the fair value of our commodity hedging portfolios at December 31, 2023 was a net derivative asset of $103 million prior to the impact of CME Rule 814.

Financial assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet at December 31, 2023 and 2022 using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) and changes in the fair value of our recurring Level 3 financial assets and liabilities on a combined basis during the related periods were not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Fair Value Information

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash balances), accounts receivable, commercial paper notes and accounts payable approximate their fair values based on their short-term nature. The estimated total fair value of our fixed-rate debt obligations was $26.7 billion and $24.2 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The aggregate carrying value of these debt obligations was $28.0 billion and $27.5 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These values are primarily based on quoted market prices for such debt or debt of similar terms and maturities (Level 2) and our credit standing. Changes in market rates of interest affect the fair value of our fixed-rate debt. The carrying values of our variable-rate long-term debt obligations approximate their fair values since the associated interest rates are market-based. We do not have any long-term investments in debt or equity securities recorded at fair value.

Note 15. Related Party Transactions

The following table summarizes our related party transactions for the years indicated:

The following table summarizes our related party accounts receivable and accounts payable balances at the dates indicated:

We believe that the terms and provisions of our related party agreements are fair to us; however, such agreements and transactions may not be as favorable to us as we could have obtained from unaffiliated third parties.

Relationship with EPCO and Affiliates

We have an extensive and ongoing relationship with EPCO and its privately held affiliates (including Enterprise GP, our general partner), which are not a part of our consolidated group of companies.

At December 31, 2023, EPCO and its privately held affiliates (including Dan Duncan LLC and certain Duncan family trusts) beneficially owned the following limited partner interests in us:

Of the total number of Partnership common units held by EPCO and its privately held affiliates,62,976,464 have been pledged as security under the separate credit facilities of EPCO and its privately held affiliates at December 31, 2023. These credit facilities contain customary and other events of default, including defaults by us and other affiliates of EPCO. An event of default, followed by a foreclosure on the pledged collateral, could ultimately result in a change in ownership of these units and affect the market price of the Partnership’s common units.

The Partnership and Enterprise GP are both separate legal entities apart from each other and apart from EPCO and its other affiliates, with assets and liabilities that are also separate from those of EPCO and its other affiliates. EPCO and its privately held affiliates use cash on hand and cash distributions they receive from us and other investments to fund their other activities and to meet their respective debt obligations, if any. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we paid EPCO and its privately held affiliates cash distributions totaling $1.3 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively.

We lease office space from privately held affiliates of EPCO at rental rates that approximate market rates. For each of the years ended December 31,2023,2022 and 2021, we recognized $13 million of related party operating lease expense in connection with these office space leases.

EPCO ASA

We have no employees. All of our administrative and operating functions are provided either by employees of EPCO (pursuant to the ASA) or by other service providers. We and our general partner are parties to the ASA.

Under the ASA, EPCO provides us with the administrative and operating services deemed necessary to manage and operate our businesses, properties and assets (all in accordance with prudent industry practices). Our operating costs and expenses include amounts paid to EPCO for the actual direct and indirect costs it incurs to operate our facilities, including the compensation of its employees. Likewise, our general and administrative costs include amounts paid to EPCO for management and other administrative services, including the compensation of its employees. In general, our reimbursement to EPCO for administrative services is either (i) on an actual basis for direct expenses it may incur on our behalf (e.g., the purchase of office supplies) or (ii) based on an allocation of such charges between the various parties to the ASA based on the estimated use of such services by each party (e.g., the allocation of legal or accounting salaries based on estimates of time spent on each entity’s business and affairs). In addition, we have agreed to pay all sales, use, excise, value added or similar taxes, if any, that may be applicable from time to time with respect to the services provided to us by EPCO.

The ASA allows us to participate as a named insured in EPCO’s overall insurance program, with the associated premiums and other costs being allocated to us. See Note 18 for additional information regarding our insurance programs.

The following table presents our related party costs and expenses attributable to the ASA with EPCO for the years indicated:

Since the vast majority of such expenses are charged to us on an actual basis (i.e., no mark-up is charged or subsidy is received), we believe that such expenses are representative of what the amounts would have been on a standalone basis. With respect to allocated costs, we believe that the proportional direct allocation method employed by EPCO is reasonable and reflective of the estimated level of costs we would have incurred on a standalone basis.

Relationships with Unconsolidated Affiliates

Many of our unconsolidated affiliates perform supporting or complementary roles to our other business operations. The following information summarizes significant related party transactions with our unconsolidated affiliates:

Note 16. Income Taxes

Publicly traded partnerships like ours are treated as corporations unless they have 90% or more in “qualifying income” (as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code). We satisfied this requirement in each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and, as a result, are not subject to federal income tax. However, our partners are individually responsible for paying federal income tax on their share of our taxable income. Net earnings for financial reporting purposes may differ significantly from taxable income reportable to our unitholders as a result of differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of certain assets and liabilities and other factors. We do not have access to information regarding each partner’s individual tax basis in our limited partner interests.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Accounting guidance provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. We did not rely on any uncertain tax positions in recording our income tax-related amounts during the years ended December 31,2023,2022 and 2021.

Tabular Disclosures Regarding Income Taxes

Our federal, state and foreign income tax benefit (provision) is summarized below:

A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes with amounts determined by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to income before income taxes is as follows:

Deferred income taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities as measured by the enacted tax rates, which will be in effect when these differences reverse.

The following table presents the significant components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at the dates indicated:

Note 17. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Litigation

As part of our normal business activities, we may be named as defendants in legal proceedings, including those arising from regulatory and environmental matters. Although we are insured against various risks to the extent we believe it is prudent, there is no assurance that the nature and amount of such insurance will be adequate, in every case, to fully indemnify us against losses arising from future legal proceedings. We will vigorously defend the Partnership in litigation matters.

Management has regular quarterly litigation reviews, including updates from legal counsel, to assess the possible need for accounting recognition and disclosure of these contingencies. We accrue an undiscounted liability for those contingencies where the loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a range of probable loss amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum amount in the range is accrued.

We do not record a contingent liability when the likelihood of loss is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the likelihood of loss is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the impact would be material to our consolidated financial statements, we disclose the nature of the contingency and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. Based on a consideration of all relevant known facts and circumstances, we do not believe that the ultimate outcome of any currently pending litigation directed against us will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements either individually at the claim level or in the aggregate.

There were no accruals for litigation contingencies at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We classify our accruals for litigation contingencies in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of “Other current liabilities” or “Other long-term liabilities” based on management’s estimate regarding the timing of settlement. Our evaluation of litigation contingencies is based on the facts and circumstances of each case and predicting the outcome of these matters involves uncertainties. In the event the assumptions we use to evaluate these matters change in future periods or new information becomes available, we may be required to record additional accruals. In an effort to mitigate expenses associated with litigation, we may settle legal proceedings out of court.

Commitments Under Equity Compensation Plans of EPCO

In accordance with our agreements with EPCO, we reimburse EPCO for our share of its compensation expense attributable to employees who perform management, administrative and operating functions for us. See Notes 13 and 15 for additional information regarding our accounting for equity-based awards and related party information, respectively.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our various contractual obligations at December 31, 2023. A description of each type of contractual obligation follows:

Scheduled Maturities of Debt

We have long-term and short-term payment obligations under debt agreements. Amounts shown in the preceding table represent our scheduled future maturities of debt principal for the years indicated. See Note 7 for additional information regarding our consolidated debt obligations.

Estimated Cash Interest Payments

Our estimated cash payments for interest are based on the principal amount of our consolidated debt obligations outstanding at December 31, 2023, the contractually scheduled maturities of such balances, and the applicable interest rates. Our estimated cash payments for interest are influenced by the long-term maturities of our $2.3 billion in junior subordinated notes (due June 2067 through February 2078). The estimated cash payments assume that (i) the junior subordinated notes are not repaid prior to their respective maturity dates and (ii) the amount of interest paid on the junior subordinated notes is based on either (a) the current fixed interest rate charged or (b) the weighted-average variable rate paid in 2023, as applicable, for each note through the respective maturity date. See Note 7 for information regarding fixed and weighted-average variable interest rates charged in 2023.

Operating Lease Obligations

We lease certain property, plant and equipment under noncancelable and cancelable operating leases. Amounts shown in the preceding table represent minimum cash lease payment obligations under our operating leases with terms in excess of one year.

Our significant lease agreements consist of (i) land held pursuant to property leases, (ii) the lease of underground storage caverns for natural gas, NGLs and ethylene, (iii) the lease of compressors and transportation equipment used in our operations and (iv) office space leased from affiliates of EPCO. These lease agreements have terms that range from 5 to 30 years. The agreements to lease office space from affiliates of EPCO and those relating to underground NGL storage caverns we lease from a third party include renewal options that could extend these contracts for up to an additional 20 years. The remainder of our significant lease agreements do not provide for additional renewal terms.

Lease expense is charged to operating costs and expenses on a straight-line basis over the period of expected economic benefit. Contingent rental payments are expensed as incurred. We are generally required to perform routine maintenance on the underlying leased assets. In addition, certain leases give us the option to make leasehold improvements. Maintenance and repairs of leased assets resulting from our operations are charged to expense as incurred.

The following table presents information regarding operating leases where we are the lessee at December 31, 2023:

The following table disaggregates our total operating lease expense for the years indicated:

Fixed lease expense is charged to earnings on a straight-line basis over the contractual term, with any variable lease payments expensed as incurred. Short-term operating lease expense is expensed as incurred. Cash paid for operating lease liabilities recorded on our balance sheet was $87 million, $65 million and $40 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

We do not have any significant operating or direct financing leases where we are the lessor. Our operating lease income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was$16 million, $14 million and $12 million, respectively. We do not have any sales-type leases.

Purchase Obligations

We define purchase obligations as agreements with remaining terms in excess of one year to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding (i.e., unconditional) on us that specify all significant terms, including (i) fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, (ii) fixed, minimum or variable price provisions and (iii) the approximate timing of the transactions. We classify our unconditional purchase obligations into the following categories:

Other Long-Term Liabilities

The following table summarizes the components of “Other long-term liabilities” as presented on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at the dates indicated:

Note 18. Significant Risks and Uncertainties

Nature of Operations

We operate predominantly in the midstream energy industry, which includes gathering, transporting, processing, fractionating and storing natural gas, NGLs, crude oil, and petrochemical and refined products. As such, changes in the prices of hydrocarbon products and in the relative price levels among hydrocarbon products could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Changes in prices may impact demand for hydrocarbon products, which in turn may impact production, demand and the volumes of products for which we provide services. In addition, decreases in demand may be caused by other factors, including prevailing economic conditions, reduced demand by consumers for the end products made with hydrocarbon products, increased competition, adverse weather conditions, public health emergencies and government regulations affecting prices and production levels.

The natural gas, NGL and crude oil volumes currently transported, gathered or processed at our facilities originate primarily from existing domestic resource basins, which naturally deplete over time. To offset this natural decline, our facilities need access to production from newly discovered properties. Many economic and business factors beyond our control can adversely affect the decision by producers to explore for and develop new reserves. These factors could include relatively low crude oil and natural gas prices, cost and availability of equipment and labor, regulatory changes, capital budget limitations, the lack of available capital or the probability of success in finding hydrocarbons. A decrease in exploration and development activities in the regions where our facilities and other energy logistics assets are located could result in a decrease in volumes handled by our assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Even if crude oil and natural gas reserves exist in the areas served by our assets, we may not be chosen by producers in these areas to gather, transport, process, fractionate, store or otherwise handle the hydrocarbons extracted. We compete with other companies for such production on the basis of many factors, including, but not limited to, geographic proximity to the production, costs of connection, available capacity, rates and access to markets.

Credit Risk

We may incur credit risk to the extent counterparties do not fulfill their obligations to us in connection with our marketing of natural gas, NGLs, crude oil, and petrochemicals and refined products and under long-term contracts with minimum volume commitments or fixed demand charges. Risks of nonpayment and nonperformance by customers are a major consideration in our businesses, and our credit procedures and policies may not be adequate to sufficiently eliminate customer credit risk. Further, adverse economic conditions in our industry, such as those experienced in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, may increase the risk of nonpayment and nonperformance by customers, particularly customers that have sub-investment grade credit ratings or small-scale companies. We manage our exposure to credit risk through credit analysis, credit approvals, credit limits and monitoring procedures, and for certain transactions may utilize letters of credit, prepayments, net out agreements and guarantees. However, these procedures and policies do not fully eliminate customer credit risk.

The primary markets for our services are the Gulf Coast, Southwest, Rocky Mountain, Northeast and Midwest regions of the U.S. We have a concentration of trade receivables due from independent and major integrated oil and gas companies and other pipelines and wholesalers operating in these markets. These concentrations may affect our overall credit risk in that these energy industry customers may be similarly affected by adverse changes in economic, regulatory or other factors.

In those situations where we are exposed to credit risk in our derivative instrument transactions, we analyze the counterparty’s financial condition prior to entering into an agreement, establish credit and/or margin limits and monitor the appropriateness of these limits on an ongoing basis. Generally, we do not require collateral for such transactions nor do we currently anticipate nonperformance by our material counterparties.

Insurance Matters

We participate as a named insured in EPCO’s insurance program, which provides us with property damage, business interruption and other insurance coverage, the scope and amounts of which we believe are customary and prudent for the nature and extent of our operations. While we believe EPCO maintains adequate insurance coverage on our behalf, insurance may not fully cover every type of damage, interruption or other loss that might occur. If we were to incur a significant loss for which we were not fully insured, it could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, there may be timing differences between amounts we accrue related to property damage expense, amounts we are required to pay in connection with a loss, and amounts we subsequently receive from insurance carriers as reimbursements. Any event that materially interrupts the revenues generated by our consolidated operations, or other losses that require us to make material expenditures not reimbursed by insurance, could reduce our ability to pay distributions to our unitholders and, accordingly, adversely affect the market price of the Partnership’s common units.

Involuntary conversions result from the loss of an asset due to some unforeseen event (e.g., destruction due to a fire). Some of these events are covered by insurance, thus resulting in a property damage insurance recovery. Amounts we receive from insurance carriers are net of any deductibles related to the covered event. We record a receivable from insurance to the extent we recognize a loss from an involuntary conversion event and the likelihood of our recovering such loss is deemed probable. To the extent that any of our insurance claim receivables are later judged not probable of recovery (e.g., due to new information), such amounts are expensed. We recognize gains on involuntary conversions when the amount received from insurance exceeds the net book value of the retired assets.

In addition, we do not recognize gains related to insurance recoveries until all contingencies related to such proceeds have been resolved, that is, a non-refundable cash payment is received from the insurance carrier or we have a binding settlement agreement with the carrier that clearly states that a non-refundable payment will be made. To the extent that an asset is rebuilt, the associated expenditures are capitalized, as appropriate, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and presented as “Capital expenditures” on our Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows.

Under our current insurance program, the standalone deductible for property damage claims is $30 million. We also have business interruption protection; however, such claims must involve physical damage and have a combined loss value in excess of $30 million and the period of interruption must exceed 60 days. With respect to named windstorm claims, the maximum amount of insurance coverage available to us for any single event is $200 million, after applying the appropriate deductibles. A named windstorm is a hurricane, typhoon, tropical storm or cyclone as declared by the U.S. National Weather Service.

Beginning in April 2023, we maintain insurance coverage for general liability, excess liability, automotive liability and workers’ compensation that is separate from EPCO’s insurance program. For these policies, we are responsible to the extent that losses are within policy limits. We have reserves for both open claims asserted, and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported (“IBNR”). The IBNR reserve is estimated based on actuarial assumptions and analysis and is updated annually. Future events, such as the number of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of claims, as well as the numerous uncertainties surrounding litigation and possible state and national legislative measures could cause the actual costs to be higher or lower than estimated. Accordingly, these claims, if resolved in a manner different from the estimate, could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. As of December 31, 2023, our reserve balance, which is a component of “Other Current Liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, was $22 million.

Note 19. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table provides information regarding the net effect of changes in our operating accounts and cash payments for interest and income taxes for the years indicated:

We incurred liabilities for construction in progress that had not been paid at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 of $400 million, $238 million and $183 million, respectively. Such amounts are not included under the caption “Capital expenditures” on the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows.

The following table presents our cash proceeds from asset sales and other matters for the years indicated:

The following table presents net gains (losses) attributable to asset sales and related matters for the years indicated:

Note 20. Subsequent Events

Issuance of $2.0 Billion of Senior Notes in January 2024

In January 2024, EPO issued $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes comprised of (i) $1.0 billion principal amount of senior notes due January 2027 (“Senior Notes HHH”) and (ii) $1.0 billion principal amount of senior notes due January 2034 (“Senior Notes III”). Net proceeds from this offering will be used by EPO for general company purposes, including for growth capital investments, and the repayment of debt (including the repayment of all or a portion of our $850 million principal amount of 3.90% Senior Notes JJ at their maturity in February 2024 and amounts outstanding under our commercial paper program).

Senior Notes HHH were issued at 99.897% of their principal amount and have a fixed interest rate of 4.60% per year. Senior Notes III were issued at 99.705% of their principal amount and have a fixed interest rate of 4.85% per year. The Partnership guaranteed these senior notes through an unconditional guarantee on an unsecured and unsubordinated basis.

Acquisition of Equity Interests From Western Midstream

On February 16, 2024, we acquired the remaining 20% equity interest in Whitethorn and 25% equity interest in EF78 from affiliates of Western Midstream for total cash consideration of $375 million. We funded the cash consideration using cash on hand and proceeds from the issuance of short-term notes under EPO’s commercial paper program. As a result of these transactions, Whitethorn and EF78 are now our wholly owned subsidiaries. Since we had a controlling interest in these entities before and after the acquisition, the increase in our ownership interest in each entity will be accounted for as an equity transaction with no gain or loss recognized.

Additionally, on February 16, 2024, an affiliate of Enterprise entered into a definitive agreement to acquire an additional 15% equity interest in Panola from an affiliate of Western Midstream for $25 million in cash consideration. The acquisition is subject to the preferential purchase rights of other members in Panola to participate in the acquisition. Should other members exercise their preferential purchase rights, the equity interest we acquire and corresponding purchase price paid will be adjusted based on the ratio of our member interest to the total member interests of all participating members. This transaction, which is expected to close by April 1, 2024, will befunded using cash on hand and proceeds from the issuance of short-term notes under EPO’s commercial paper program.