MANNATECH INC

NOTE 1: ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Mannatech, Incorporated (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”), located in Flower Mound, Texas, was incorporated in the state of Texas on November 4, 1993, and is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MTEX”. The Company develops, markets, and sells high-quality, proprietary nutritional supplements, topical and skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management products. We currently sell our products into three regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) EMEA (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand and China). During the second quarter of 2024 the Company liquidated its entity in Sweden, Mannatech Sverige AB.

Active business building associates ("independent associates" or "associates" or "distributors") and preferred customers purchase the Company’s products at published wholesale prices. The Company cannot distinguish products sold for personal use from other sales, when sold to associates, because it is not involved with the products after delivery, other than usual and customary product warranties and returns. Only associates are eligible to earn commissions and incentives. We also ship our products to customers in the following countries: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Poland. The Company operates a non-direct selling business in mainland China. Our subsidiary in China, Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd. (“Meitai”), is operating as a traditional retailer under a cross-border e-commerce model in China. Meitai cannot legally conduct a direct selling business in China unless it acquires a direct selling license in China.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements and footnotes include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates that affect the reported value of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates are based on historical experience and various other factors. The Company continually evaluates the information used to make these estimates as the business and economic environment changes. Historically, actual results have not varied materially from the Company’s estimates and the Company does not currently anticipate a significant change in its assumptions related to these estimates. However, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The use of estimates is pervasive throughout the consolidated financial statements, but the accounting policies and estimates considered the most significant are described in this note to the consolidated financial statements, Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Basis of Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported results of operations.

Foreign Currency Translation

The United States dollar is the functional currency for the majority of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. As a result, non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at their approximate historical rates, monetary assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates in effect at the end of the year, and revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the year. The local currency is the functional currency of our subsidiaries in Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Mexico and China. These subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars at exchange rates existing at the balance sheet dates, revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates, and shareholders’ equity and intercompany balances are translated at historical exchange rates. The foreign currency translation adjustment is recorded as a component of shareholders’ equity and is included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Foreign currency transaction gains totaled approximately $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and foreign currency transaction losses totaled approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and are included in other income (expense), net in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents was $11.4 million and $7.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company includes in its cash and cash equivalents credit card receivables due from its credit card processor, as the cash proceeds from credit card receivables are received within 24 to 72 hours. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, credit card receivables were $1.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, and cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts in foreign countries totaled $5.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The Company invests cash in liquid instruments, such as money market funds and interest-bearing deposits. The Company also holds cash in high quality financial institutions and does not believe it has an excessive exposure to credit concentration risk.

A significant portion of our cash and cash equivalent balances were concentrated within the Republic of Korea, with cash and cash equivalents totaling $3.3 million and $1.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, a concentrated portion of our operating cash flows were earned from operations within the Republic of Korea. An adverse change in economic conditions within the Republic of Korea could negatively affect the Company’s results of operations.

Restricted Cash

The Company is required to restrict cash for: (i) direct selling insurance premiums and credit card sales in the Republic of Korea; (ii) reserve on credit card sales in the United States and Canada; and (iii) Australia building lease collateral. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, our total restricted cash was $1.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The Company classifies the restricted cash held in Korea and Australia as long-term since it relates to assets and services contracted for longer than one year.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Company's consolidated balance sheets to the total amount presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable are carried at their estimated collectible amounts. Receivables are created upon shipment of an order if the credit card payment is rejected or does not match the order total. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, accounts receivables consisted primarily of amounts due from preferred customers and associates. At December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company's accounts receivable balances (net of allowance) were less than $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

In accordance with ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments("ASU 2016-13"), the Company assesses collectability by reviewing accounts receivable on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist and on an individual basis when the Company identifies specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. Expected loss estimates are determined utilizing an aging schedule. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical collectability based on past due status and makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on ongoing credit evaluations. The Company also considers customer-specific information, current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to inform adjustments to historical loss data.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company held an allowance for credit losses of $0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods, and promotional materials that are stated at the lower of cost (using standard costs that approximate average costs) or net realizable value. The Company periodically reviews inventories for obsolescence and any inventories identified as obsolete are reserved or written off.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets was $1.8 million at each of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Included in the December 31, 2024 and 2023 balances were $1.1 million in prepaid expenses for each year, $0.2 million and $0.3 million for prepaid deposits, and $0.5 million and $0.4 million in prepaid inventory purchases, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The cost of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The estimated useful lives of fixed assets are as follows:

Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. The impairment review includes a comparison of future projected cash flows generated by the asset or group of assets with its associated net carrying value. If the net carrying value of the asset or group of assets exceeds expected cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.

Other Assets

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, other assets were $2.6 million and $3.8 million, respectively. The December 31, 2024 and 2023 balances include deposits for building leases in various locations of $1.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Also included in the December 31, 2024 and 2023 balances were $1.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively, representing an investment in Korea Mutual Aid Cooperative and Consumer (“KMACC”), an organization established by the Republic of Korea’s Fair Trade Commission’s approval to compensate and protect consumers who participate in network marketing activities from damages. Other assets at each of December 31, 2024 and 2023 also include $0.2 million of indefinite lived intangible assets relating to the Manapol® powder trademark.

Other Long-Term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities was $1.4 million at each of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Certain operating leases for the Company’s regional office facilities contain a restoration clause that requires the Company to restore the premises to its original condition. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, accrued restoration costs related to these leases amounted to $0.3 million and$0.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, government mandated severance accruals in certain international offices amounted to $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The Company also recorded a long-term liability for an estimated defined benefit obligation related to a non-U.S. defined benefit plan for its Japan operations of $0.2 million at each of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (see Note 9, Employee Benefit Plans).

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is derived from sales of individual products and associate fees or, in certain geographic markets, starter packs. Substantially all of the Company’s product sales are made at published wholesale prices to associates and preferred customers. The Company records revenue net of any sales taxes and records a reserve for expected sales returns based on its historical experience. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company changed its shipping terms with customers such that ownership transfers upon delivery to the freight carrier, satisfying the Company's performance obligation. Previously, the Company's shipping terms were Free on Board destination, so the Company recognized revenue upon delivery of the product to the customer. The Company's deferred revenue balances related to product orders in transit were $0 at December 31, 2024 and $1.4 million at December 31, 2023. The Company's remaining performance obligations related to associate fees were $0.1 million at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. These amounts are included in Deferred Revenue on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Orders placed by associates or preferred customers constitute our contracts with customers. Product sales placed in the form of an automatic order contain two performance obligations: (a) the sale of the product and (b) the loyalty program. The Company's customer loyalty program conveys a material right to the customer to redeem loyalty points for the purchase of products. For these contracts, the Company accounts for each of these obligations separately as they are each distinct. The transaction price is allocated between the product sale and the loyalty program on a relative standalone selling price basis. Sales placed through a one-time order contain only the first performance obligation noted above - the delivery of the product. Payments are made immediately through credit card upon purchase of the products.

The Company provides associates with access to a complimentary three-month package for the Success Tracker TM and Mannatech+ online business tools with the first payment of an associate fee. The first payment of an associate fee contains three performance obligations: (a) the associate fee, whereby the Company provides an associate with the right to earn commissions, bonuses and incentives for a year, (b) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Success Tracker™ online tool and (c) three months of complimentary access to utilize the Mannatech+ online business tool. The transaction price is allocated between the three performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis and revenue is recognized over the period that access to the tool is active. Associates do not have complimentary access to online business tools after the first contractual period.

With regard to both of the aforementioned contracts, the Company determines the standalone selling prices by using observable inputs which includes the Company’s standard published price lists.

Our sales mix for the years ended December 31, was as follows(in millions, except percentages):

Deferred Commissions

The Company defers commissions on (i) the sales of products shipped but not received by customers by the end of the respective period (up to the change in shipping terms with the customers) and (ii) the loyalty program. Deferred commissions are incremental costs and are charged to expense when the related revenue is recognized. Deferred commissions were $1.3 million and $2.1 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

The Company defers certain components of its revenue. Deferred revenue consisted of: (i) sales of products shipped but not received by the customers by the end of the respective period (up to the change in shipping terms with customers); (ii) revenue from the loyalty program; (iii) prepaid registration fees from customers planning to attend a future corporate-sponsored event; and (iv) prepaid annual associate fees. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company changed its shipping terms with customers such that ownership transfers upon delivery to the freight carrier. Previously, to defer product sales that had not been received by customers, the Company estimated order delivery dates using weighted averages of historical delivery data collected from its freight carriers. The Company's deferred revenue balances related to product sales that have not been received by customers was $0 at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s deferred revenue was $3.0 million and $4.8 million, respectively. The deferred revenue amountof $3.0 millionas of December 31, 2024 will be recognized as revenue for the year ending December 31, 2025. The deferred revenue amount of $4.8 million as of December 31, 2023 was recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. The deferred revenue amount of $5.1 million as of December 31, 2022 was recognized as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company's customer loyalty program conveys a material right to the customer as it provides the promise to redeem loyalty points for the purchase of products, which is based on earning points through placing consecutive qualified orders. The Company factors in breakage rates, which is the percentage of the loyalty points that are expected to be forfeited or expire, for purposes of revenue recognition. Breakage rates are estimated based on historical data and can be reasonably and objectively determined. The deferred revenue associated with the loyalty program at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively, as follows:

Sales Refund and Allowances

The Company utilizes the expected value method to estimate the sales returns and allowance liability by taking the weighted average of the sales return rates over a rolling six-month period. The Company allocates the total amount recorded within the sales return and allowance liability as a reduction of the overall transaction price for the Company’s product sales. The Company deems the sales refund and allowance liability to be a variable consideration.

Historically, sales returns have not materially changed through the years, as the majority of our customers who return their merchandise do so within the first 90 days after the original sale. Sales returns have historically averaged 0.5% or less of our gross sales. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, our sales return reserve, which is a component of Accrued expenses, consisted of the following(in thousands):

Shipping and Handling Costs

The Company records inbound freight as a component of inventory and cost of sales. The Company records freight and shipping fees collected from its customers as fulfillment costs. Freight and shipping fees are accounted for as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the product to the customer, not deemed to be separate performance obligations.

Commission and Incentive Expenses

Associates earn commissions and incentives based on their direct and indirect commissionable net sales over each month of the fiscal year. The Company accrues commissions and incentives when earned by associates and pays commissions on product and pack sales on a monthly basis.

Advertising Expense

The Company expenses advertising and promotions in selling and administrative expenses when incurred. Advertising and promotional expenses were$2.5 million and $4.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Educational and promotional items are sold to associates to assist in their sales efforts and are included in inventories and charged to cost of sales when sold. Advertising and promotional expenses are included in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Research and Development Expenses

The Company expenses research and development expenses as incurred. Research and development expenses related to new product development, enhancement of existing products, clinical studies and trials, Food and Drug Administration compliance studies, general supplies, internal salaries, third-party contractors, and consulting fees were approximately $0.7 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Salaries, contract labor and all other research and development costs are included in selling and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company currently hasone active stock-based compensation plan, the Mannatech, Incorporated 2017 Stock Incentive Plan, which was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors (the "Board") on April 17, 2017 and was approved by its shareholders on June 8, 2017. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the vesting period of the options granted. See Note 11, Stock Based Compensation.

Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes qualifying internal payroll and external contracting and consulting costs related to the development of internal use software that are incurred during the application development stage, which includes design of the software configuration and interfaces, coding, installation, and testing. Costs incurred during the preliminary project along with post-implementation stages of internal use software are expensed as incurred. During each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized $0.3 million of qualifying internal payroll costs, respectively. The Company amortizes such costs over the estimated useful life of the software, which isthree tofive years once the software is placed in service.

Income Taxes

The Company determines the provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the probability of realizing the future benefits of its deferred tax assets and provides a valuation allowance for the portion of any deferred tax assets where the likelihood of realizing an income tax benefit in the future does not meet the more likely than not criterion for recognition. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likelihood of being recognized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company recognizes both interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision. Net income/loss, before income tax and expense, for U.S. and foreign entities is a function of the Company's transfer pricing policies, which govern the allocation of taxable income among the Company's various tax jurisdictions. The Company is also subject to transfer pricing tax regulations designed to ensure the appropriate allocation of income between our U.S. and foreign entities and that the Company is taxed accordingly. The Company is subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities and inquiries from those tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due.

Comprehensive Loss and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company’s comprehensive loss consists of the Company’s net income (loss), foreign currency translation adjustments from its Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Mexico and China operations, remeasurement of intercompany balances of a long-term-investment nature from its Taiwan, Mexico and Cyprus operations, and changes in the pension obligation for its Japanese employees. In the event that a subsidiary is disposed of, the Company recognizes cumulative translation adjustments of foreign exchange directly through other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations.

Concentration Risk

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from our Ambrotose Life®, TruHealth™, Ambrotose, and Optimal Support Packets products. A decline in sales value of such products could have a material adverse effect on our earnings, cash flows, and financial position

Our business is not currently exposed to customer concentration risk given that no independent associate has ever accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated net sales.

The Company maintains supply agreements with its suppliers and manufacturers. Some of the supply agreements contain exclusivity clauses and/or minimum annual purchase requirements. Failure to satisfy minimum purchase requirements could result in the loss of exclusivity. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company purchased finished goods from three suppliers that accounted for 54.6% of the year's cost of sales. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased finished goods from three suppliers that accounted for 52.5% of the year's cost of sales. The Company maintains other supply and manufacturing agreements to minimize exposure to supplier risk.

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and restricted cash. The Company utilizes financial institutions that the Company considers to be of high credit quality and periodically evaluates the credit rating of such institutions and the allocation of their investments to minimize exposure to credit concentration risk.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits, money market investments, receivables, payables, and accrued expenses, approximate their carrying values due to their relatively short maturities. See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, Fair Value, for more information.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting

(Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This update enhances the current segment disclosure requirements by introducing additional disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 resulted in expanded segment disclosures for the Company.

Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Effective

Income Tax Reporting (ASU 2023-09) —Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures(“ASC 2023-09”). In December 2023, the FASB issued accounting guidance to expand the annual disclosure requirements for income taxes, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. This guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the disclosure impacts of ASU 2023-09 on its consolidated financial statements as well as the impacts to its financial reporting process and related internal controls.

Income Statement Expenses(ASU 2024-03)—Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40) - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued accounting guidance which is intended to improve expense disclosures, primarily by requiring disclosure of disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items on an annual and interim basis. The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 becomes effective January 1, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the disclosure impacts of ASU 2024-03 on its consolidated financial statements as well as the impacts to its financial reporting process and related internal controls.

NOTE 2: FAIR VALUE

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial assets and to determine fair value disclosures.

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure (Topic 820) of the FASB establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable market data, when available, and prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in the following categories:

•Level 1—Quoted unadjusted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

•Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all observable inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

•Level 3—Model derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable, including assumptions developed by the Company.

The primary objective of the Company’s investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. The investment instruments held by the Company are money market funds and interest bearing deposits for which quoted market prices are readily available. The Company considers these highly liquid investments to be cash equivalents. These investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. The Company does not have any material financial liabilities that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount of the financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents (excluding money market funds disclosed in the tables below), restricted cash, long-term restricted cash and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature and the market rates of interest of these instruments. As such, these instruments are classified as Level 1.

The table below present the recorded amount of financial assets measured at fair value (in thousands) on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

The following table below present the carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, (inthousands)that are not measured at fair value:

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company valued its investment in KMACC based on the initial investment amount in accordance with ASC 321. The Company determined that the investment was not impaired as of that date. Since these securities are not actively traded, the Company will apply valuation adjustments if and when relevant indicators become available. Consequently, these securities are carried at cost and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

The carrying value of long-term notes payable approximates fair value and the fair value measurement is based on unobservable inputs, and as such, is classified as Level 3.

NOTE 3: INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods, and promotional materials. The Company provides an allowance for any slow-moving or obsolete inventories. The allowance for slow-moving and inventory obsolescence was $0.6 million and $0.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Inventories as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, consisted of the following(in thousands):

NOTE 4: PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, construction in progress was $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which is primarily comprised of back-office software projects with service dates that are currently indeterminable. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, property and equipment consisted of the following(in thousands):

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, depreciation and amortization expense was $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

NOTE 5: LEASES

The Company has entered into contractual lease arrangements to rent office space and equipment from third-party lessors and accounts for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842. Right of use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset over the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make future lease payments arising from the lease.

Operating lease liabilities and finance lease liabilities with terms greater than 12 months are recorded at the present value of the lease payments at the commencement date. The related right of use assets are recorded on the same date at the amount of the initial liability, adjusted for incentives received, prepayments made to the lessor, and any initial direct costs incurred, as applicable. The Company uses the discount rate implicit in the lease when it is readily determinable. When it is not readily available, future lease payments are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate available to the Company. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate available to the Company for a fully collateralized, fully amortizing loan with the same term as the lease. Lease components, such as office space, are accounted for separately from the non-lease components, such as maintenance fees. Certain of the Company's leases may also include rent escalation clauses or options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the present value recorded for the leases when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. None of the Company’s current leases contain guarantees of residual value. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are considered short term and are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes a lease expense for short term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Generally, the Company’s operating leases relate to office space used in Mannatech’s operations, including its headquarters in Flower Mound, Texas and office space in international locations in which the Company does business. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all of the Company’s finance leases pertain to certain equipment used in the business.

On March 10, 2023, the Company entered into a five-year agreement to sublease 10,000 rentable square feet of the Company's leased office space in Flower Mound, Texas to a subtenant. There was no modification or impairment by entering into the sublease agreement because the Company was not released from its obligations under the head lease. The Company earned $0.1 million sublease revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, which is presented as a component of net sales on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has made a policy election in accordance with ASC 842-10-15-39A to exclude from consideration taxes that are assessed on and collected from the sublessee.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities balances, net of accumulated amortization, were as follows (in thousands):

Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Finance lease costs are composed of the amortization of the right of use asset and the amounts recorded as interest. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we incurred the following lease costs related to our operating and finance leases (in thousands):

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities included (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 the Company's lease terms and discount rates were:

As of December 31, 2024 future minimum lease payments were as follows (in thousands):

NOTE 6: ACCRUED EXPENSES

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, accrued expenses consisted of the following(in thousands):

NOTE 7: INCOME TAXES

The components of the Company’s income (loss) before income taxes are attributable to the following jurisdictions for the years ended December 31(in thousands):

The components of the Company’s income tax provision (benefit) for the years ended December 31(in thousands):

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s effective tax rate was 33.4% and (98.1)%, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, differed from the statutory rate due to a mix of earnings across jurisdictions and the associated valuation allowance recorded on losses in certain jurisdictions.

A reconciliation of the Company’s effective income tax rate and the United States federal statutory income tax rate is summarized as follows, for the years ended December 31:

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following at December 31(in thousands):

(1)The Company’s net operating loss will expire as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):

We have U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwardsof $0.2 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company maintains a valuation allowance of $0.2 million against its foreign tax credit carryforwards.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s valuation allowance was$6.9 million and $10.3 million, respectively. The net change in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was a decrease of $3.4 million and an increase of $0.5 million, respectively. The provisions of ASC Topic 740 require a company to record a valuation allowance when the “more likely than not” criterion for realizing a deferred tax asset cannot be met. A company is to use judgment in reviewing both positive and negative evidence of realizing a deferred tax asset. Furthermore, the weight given to the potential effect of such evidence is commensurate with the extent the evidence can be objectively verified. The valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in current income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no accrued interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheet or the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities in the United States and various state and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2024, the tax years that remained subject to examination by a major tax jurisdiction for the Company’s most significant subsidiaries were as follows:

NOTE 8: TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES AND AFFILIATES

The Company issued an unsecured notes payable with an aggregate amount of $3.6 million to certain members of the Company's Board of Directors. See Note 10, NOTES PAYABLE, for more information

The Company made cash donations of $0.4 million and $0.5 million to the M5M Foundation for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The M5M Foundation is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization that works to combat the epidemic of childhood malnutrition on a global scale. Several of the Company’s directors and officers and their family members serve on the board of the M5M Foundation, including:

•Al Bala, the Company's CEO (until his retirement effective April 1, 2024)

•Landen Fredrick, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and son of J. Stanley Fredrick, the Company’s Chairman of the Board and a major shareholder.

•Lorrie Jobe, daughter of Larry Jobe, a Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Effective April 1, 2024, Landen Fredrick was named Chief Executive Officer. We paid employment compensation of approximately $330,000 for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, for salary, bonus, auto allowance, and other compensation to Landen Fredrick. Mr. Fredrick also participated in the employee health care benefit plans available to all employees of the Company. Landen Fredrick also serves as Chairman of the Board of the M5M Foundation.

Mr. Kevin Robbins is a member of the Company's Board of Directors, serving as the Chair of the Science and Marketing Committee, and is also an independent associate, holding a position in the Company's associate global downline network marketing system. He also received compensation for consulting on the associate commission plan in the past, but did not receive any compensation for consulting on the plan during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. In addition, several of Mr. Robbins’ family members are independent associates. The Company pays commissions and incentives to its independent associates and, during 2024 and 2023, the Company paid aggregate commissions and incentives to Mr. Robbins and his family of approximately $1.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively. Included in these amounts, the Company paid Mr. Robbins approximately $0.2 million in each of 2024 and 2023. The amount of commission and incentives paid in 2024 and 2023 to Mr. Robbins' father, Ray Robbins, who holds positions in the Company's associate global downline network marketing system was approximately $1.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. All commissions and incentives paid to Mr. Robbins and his family members are in accordance with the Company’s global associate career and compensation plan.

Johanna Bala, the wife of Al Bala, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, is an independent associate who earns commissions and incentives. The aggregate amount of commission and incentives paid to Johanna Bala was less than $0.1 million for the period January 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024 and $0.1 million in 2023. The Company paid less than $0.1 million of commissions and incentives to other members of Al Bala's family for the period January 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024 and in 2023. As of April 1, 2024, Al Bala is no longer a related party. All commissions and incentives paid to Al Bala's family members are in accordance with the Company’s global associate career and compensation plan.

NOTE 9: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Employee Retirement Plan

Effective May 9, 1997, the Company adopted a Defined Contribution 401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) for its United States and Canada employees. The 401(k) Plan covers all regular full-time and part-time employees who have completed three months of service and attained the age of twenty-one. United States employees can contribute up to 100 percent of their annual compensation but are limited to the maximum annual dollar amount allowable under the Internal Revenue Code. The 401(k) Plan permits matching and discretionary employer contributions. The Company’s matching contributions for its United States and Canada employees vest ratably over afive-year period. During each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company contributed approximately$0.2 millionto the 401(k) Plan for matching contributions, respectively.

The Company also sponsors a non-U.S. defined benefit plan covering its employees in its Japan subsidiary (the “Benefit Plan”). Benefits under the Benefit Plan are based on a point system for position grade and years of service. The Company utilizes actuarial methods. Inherent in the application of these actuarial methods are key assumptions, including, but not limited to, discount rates and expected long-term rates of return on plan assets. Changes in the related Benefit Plan costs may occur in the future due to changes in the underlying assumptions, changes in the number and composition of plan participants, and changes in the level of benefits provided. The Company uses a measurement date of December 31 to evaluate and record any post-retirement benefits related to the Benefit Plan.

Projected Benefit Obligation and Fair Value of Plan Assets

The Benefit Plan’s projected benefit obligation and valuation of plan assets were as follows for the years ended December 31(in thousands):

The weighted-average assumptions to determine the benefit obligation and net cost are as follows:

Components of Expense

Service Cost for the Benefit Plan is included within selling and administrative expenses in the statement of operations and all other items noted in the table below (Interest Cost, Amortization of Transition Obligation, Loss and Prior Service Cost) are included within other (expense), net. Pension costs, which are included within Consolidated Statement of Operations are detailed below for the years ended December 31(in thousands):

Estimated Benefits and Contributions

The Company expects to contribute approximately $31,000 to the Benefit Plan in 2025. As of December 31, 2024, benefits expected to be paid by the Benefit Plan for the next ten years is approximately as follows(in thousands):

NOTE 10: NOTES PAYABLE

Notes payable were $3.0 million and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The current portion was $0.1 million and $0.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as a result of insurance financing arrangements. The notes are fully amortizing and payments are made monthly, according to the terms of the agreements which have a weighted average effective interest rate of 11.0% and 10.8% at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2024, the note reached maturity and was paid in full on February 1, 2025.

The long-term portion of notes payable relates to three unsecured notes, described below. The long-term portion of notes payable was $2.9 million as of December 31, 2024. There were no unsecured notes at December 31, 2023.

On April 23, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured note payable to Jade Capital in the amount of $2.5 million. The note bears interest at 16% per annum and requires quarterly interest payments beginning June 30, 2024. The note is due in full on September 30, 2026. The Company has the right to prepay all or a portion of the Promissory Note at any time without premium or penalty. Tyler Rameson is an independent member of Mannatech's Board of Directors, and is the managing member of Jade Capital. As of December 31, 2024, there was no current portion and the long-term portion of the balance was $2.0 million.

On April 23, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured note payable to J. Stanley Fredrick in the amount of $1.0 million. The note bears interest at 16% per annum and requires quarterly interest payments beginning June 30, 2024. The note is due in full on September 30, 2026. The Company has the right to prepay all or a portion of the Promissory Note at any time without premium or penalty. Mr. Fredrick is the Chairman of Mannatech's Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2024, there was no current portion and the long-term portion of the balance was $0.8 million.

On April 23, 2024, the Company issued an unsecured note payable to Kevin Robbins in the amount of $0.1 million. The note bears interest at 16% per annum and requires quarterly interest payments beginning June 30, 2024. The note is due in full on September 30, 2026. The Company has the right to prepay all or a portion of the Promissory Note at any time without premium or penalty. Mr. Robbins is a member of Mannatech's Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2024, there was no current portion and the long-term portion of the balance was $0.1 million.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company's future principal payments on notes payable were as follows(in thousands):

NOTE 11: STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Option Plan

The Company currently hasone active stock-based compensation plan, the 2017 Plan, which was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on April 17, 2017 and was approved by its shareholders on June 8, 2017, and subsequently amended by the Board in February 2019, which was approved by the Company's shareholders on June 11, 2019. The Board has reserved a maximum of 370,000 shares of our common stock that may be issued under the 2017 Plan (subject to adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends or other changes in corporate capitalization). As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a total of 120,304 shares available for grant under the 2017 Plan, which expires on April 16, 2027.

The 2017 Plan provides for grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock and performance stock units to our employees, board members, and consultants. However, only employees of the Company and its corporate subsidiaries are eligible to receive incentive stock options. The exercise price per share for all stock options will be no less than the market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant. Any incentive stock option granted to an employee owning more than 10% of our common stock will have an exercise price of no less than 110% of our common stock’s market value on the grant date.

The majority of stock options vest overtwo orthree years, and generally are granted with a term often years, orfive years in the case of an incentive option granted to an employee who owns more than 10% of our common stock.

The Company is required to measure and recognize compensation expense related to any outstanding and unvested stock options in its consolidated financial statements using a fair-value based option-pricing model. The Company records stock-based compensation expense related to granting stock options in selling and administrative expenses. The fair value of the stock option award is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires us to apply judgment and use subjective assumptions about expected dividend yields, risk-free interest rates, price volatility related to the underlying shares, and the expected stock option life, including forfeitures.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted each year:

The computation of the expected volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes calculations for new grants is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The expected life assumptions are based on the Company’s historical employee exercise and forfeiture behavior.

During 2024 and 2023, the Company issued 0 and 2,000 treasury shares upon the exercise of options and granted 16,167 and 5,000 new options to management and members of the Board, respectively. Options exercised during the years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023 had a total intrinsic value, calculated as the difference between the exercise date stock price and the exercise price, $0 and less than $0.1 million, respectively.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $4.48 and $4.32 per share, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.1 million.

A summary of changes in stock options outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2024, is as follows:

Valuation and Expense Information Under FASB ASC Topic 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation

On March 11, 2024, the Company issued a grant of 8,187 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) of our common stock to our Chief Executive Officer. Under the terms of the stock grant, the grant is available for 18 months and will not vest until Mannatech's stock price averages $15.00 per share (i.e., the volume weighted price) for 60 consecutive days. If the contingency is not met within the 18-month period, the grant will lapse and will not be awarded.

The Company is required to measure and recognize compensation expense related to the grant in its consolidated financial statements using a fair-value based model. The Company has determined the fair value of the grant is $0.1 million. Accordingly, the Company has recognized compensation expense related to the grant of $32 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024.

A summary of changes in restricted stock units outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2024, is as follows:

The Company recorded the following amounts related to the expense of the fair values of options and RSUs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023(in thousands):

If we grant additional stock options in the future, we would be required to recognize additional compensation expense over the vesting period of such stock options in our consolidated statement of operations.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $0.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options and RSUs currently outstanding, to be recognized in future years over a weighted-average period of 0.95 years, ending December 31, as follows(in thousands):

Equity-Based Compensation

At the discretion of the Board, each director may receive a portion of their fees payable in stock grants in lieu of cash compensation. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued a total of 24,660 and 12,808 treasury stock to the members of the Board as a part of their compensation, respectively. The stock grants to the Board were vested upon grant and the Company recognized $0.2 million compensation expense for each of the years 2024 and 2023.

NOTE 12: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Purchase Commitments

The Company maintains supply agreements with its suppliers and manufacturers. In 2016, the Company entered into a four-year supply agreement with a vendor to purchase an aloe vera powder in whole leaf aloe form and an aloe vera gel extract. The agreement has been amended and renews annually. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is required to purchase an aggregate of $1.1 million through 2025.

Royalty and Consulting Agreements

The Company utilizes royalty agreements with individuals and entities to provide compensation for items relating to developed products, websites and emails provided to our associates. The Company paid royalties of less than $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Employment Agreements

The Company has non-cancelable employment agreements with certain executives. If the employment relationships with these executives were terminated, as of December 31, 2024, the Company would continue to be indebted to the executives for$0.5 million, payable through 2025.

On March 13, 2024, the Company announced the retirement of Alfredo (Al) Bala as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer effective April 1, 2024 and the engagement of Mr. Bala as an advisor to the Company effective April 1, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the remaining balance of his severance was $0.3 million, payable over the next 15 months.

NOTE 13: LITIGATION

Litigation in General

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no open or pending litigation and no legal reserve was deemed necessary at December 31, 2024. The Company has incurred several claims in the normal course of business. The Company believes such claims can be resolved without any material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Company maintains certain liability insurance; however, certain costs of defending lawsuits are not covered by or only partially covered by its insurance policies, including claims that are below insurance deductibles. Additionally, insurance carriers could refuse to cover certain claims, in whole or in part. The Company accrues costs to defend itself from litigation as they are incurred.

NOTE 14: SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred Stock

On May 19, 1998, the Company amended its Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to reduce the number of authorized shares of common stock from 100.0 million to 99.0 million and the Company authorized 1.0 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. No shares of preferred stock have ever been issued or outstanding.

Treasury Stock

On June 30, 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase, in the open market, the lesser of (i)131,756 shares of its common stock and (ii) $1.3 million of its shares, (the “June 2004 Plan”). On August 28, 2006, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a second program permitting the Company to purchase, in the open market, up to $20 million of its outstanding shares (the “August 2006 Plan”). Under the June 2004 Plan and the August 2006 Plan, shares of Common Stock may be repurchased from time to time through open market transactions in compliance with applicable securities laws. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases, as well as the capital resources to fund the repurchases, are determined by the Company, in its discretion, and depends on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no shares repurchased. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 13,454 shares of its common stock, at an average price of $13.06. As of December 31, 2024, there was $12.6 million remaining for repurchase under the August 2006 Plan, and the total value of shares repurchased in the open market under the August 2006 Plan was $1.5 million. The Company does not have any stock repurchase plans or programs other than the June 2004 Plan and the August 2006 Plan.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had 858,043 and 882,703 treasury shares, respectively.

Voting rights

Holders of our Common Stock will vote as a single class and are entitled to one vote per share on all matters on which stockholders are entitled to vote generally, including the election or removal of directors. The holders of our Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

Preemptive or similar rights

Holders of shares of our Common Stock do not have preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock.

Dividends

Holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends at the same rate, when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor, subject to any statutory or contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and to the rights of the holders ofone or more outstanding series of our preferred stock. For the year ended December 31, 2024, no dividends were paid. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid dividends of $0.20 per share to holders of our Common Stock in the amount of$0.7 million.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income displayed in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity represents the results of certain shareholders’ equity changes not reflected in the consolidated statements of operations, such as foreign currency translation and certain pension and postretirement benefit obligations.

The after-tax components of accumulated other comprehensive income, are as follows(in thousands):

NOTE 15: EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company calculates basic Earnings per Share ("EPS") by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS also reflects the potential dilution that could occur if common stock were issued for awards outstanding under the Mannatech, Incorporated 2017 Stock Incentive Plan.

In determining the potential dilutive effect of outstanding stock options for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company used theaverage common stock close price of $8.27 and $12.81 per share, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, there were 1.89 million weighted-average common shares outstanding used for the basic EPS calculation. For the year ended December 31, 2024,8,187 restricted share units was granted (see Note 11, Stock Based Compensation, for more information). These shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because the related market condition was not achieved. In addition,143,974 shares underlying stock options were excluded from the diluted EPS calculation, as their effect would have been antidilutive.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, shares of the Company's common stock subject to options were excluded from the diluted EPS calculations as their effect would have been antidilutive. The Company reported a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Calculation of net EPS— basic and diluted (in thousands, except EPS):

NOTE 16: SEGMENT INFORMATION

We operate as a direct seller in the nutritional supplement industry. The Company's sole reporting segment is one in which we sell proprietary nutritional supplements, skin care and anti-aging products, and weight-management and fitness products operating intwenty-five markets. We primarily sell our products through a network marketing distribution channel of approximately 133,000 active associates and preferred customer positions who we refer to as current associates and preferred customers. The Company's subsidiary in China, Meitai, is currently operating as a traditional retailer under a cross-border e-commerce model. Meitai cannot legally conduct a direct selling business in China unless it acquires a direct selling license in China. The Company's subsidiary, NEMO, operated an affiliate business model under the brand name, “Trulu,” in the United States. We ceased operating Trulu in July 2024. Each of our subsidiaries sells similar products and exhibits similar economic characteristics, such as selling prices, paying commissions and incentives, gross margins and operating characteristics.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The CODM regularly reviews consolidated financial information and performance used to make decisions about the Company as a whole and without distinguishing or grouping of operations based on asset type, revenue, geographic location, tenant or other factors. Accordingly, for disclosure purposes, the Company has a single reportable segment, which is reported on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based on net income as reported in the consolidated statements of operations. Total expenditures for long-lived assets are reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Measure of total assets is consistent with the amounts reported on the consolidated balance sheet. The CODM reviews consolidated net income to evaluate income generated from assets (return on assets) in deciding whether to reinvest profits to grow the property portfolio or deploy income into other aspects of the Company, such as to repay debt, buy back common stock under the share repurchase program or pay dividends.

We review and analyze net sales by geographical location and by products and packs on a consolidated basis. We currently sell our products in three regions: (i) the Americas (the United States, Canada and Mexico); (ii) Europe/the Middle East/Africa (“EMEA”) (Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom); and (iii) Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand and China). We also ship our products to customers in the following countries: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, and Poland.

Consolidated net sales shipped to customers in these regions, along with pack and product information for the years ended December 31, are as follows(in millions, except percentages):

Long-lived assets by region, which include property and equipment and construction in progress for the Company and its subsidiaries, as of December 31, reside in the following regions, as follows(in millions):

Inventory balances by region, which consist of raw materials and finished goods, including promotional materials, and offset by obsolete inventories, for the Company and its subsidiaries, reside in the following regions as of December 31, as follows(in millions):

The following table presents the Company's segment revenue, segment expenses and segment income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

NOTE 17: SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Notes Payable

Subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2024, the current portion of notes payable related to insurance financing arrangements reached maturity and was paid in full on February 1, 2025.

Exhibit 21

List of Subsidiaries

As of December 31, 2024 the Company has these wholly-owned subsidiaries located throughout the world, as follows:

1.Mannatech Australia Pty Limited

2.Mannatech Japan, G.K.

3.Mannatech Korea Co., Ltd.

4.Mannatech Limited (a New Zealand Company)

5.Mannatech Limited (a UK Company)

6.Mannatech Taiwan Corporation

7.Mannatech Payment Services Incorporated

8.Mannatech Products Company Inc.

9.Internet Health Group, Inc.

10.Mannatech (International) Limited

12.Mannatech Singapore Pte. Ltd.

13.Mannatech Canada Corporation

14.Mannatech South Africa (Pty) Ltd

15.Mannatech Bermuda Holdings Limited

16.Mannatech Denmark ApS

17.Mannatech (Gibraltar) Holdings Limited

18.Mannatech Swiss Holdings GmbH

19.Mannatech Swiss International GmbH

21.Mannatech Norge A/S

23.MTEX Mexico SRL CV

24.MTEX Mexico Services SRL CV

25.Mannatech Cyprus Limited

26.Mannatech Ukraine LLC

27.MTEX Hong Kong Limited

28.Mannatech RUS Ltd.

29.Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd.

30.Meitai Daily Necessity & Health Products Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch

31.Mannatech Netherlands B.V.

32.Mannatech Products Hong Kong Limited

33.New Economy Marketing Opportunities, LLC

34.Mannatech (Thailand) Co.,Ltd.

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-220539 and 333-233418) of Mannatech, Incorporated of our report dated March 25, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

/s/ BDO USA, P.C.

Dallas, Texas

March 25, 2025

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 17 CFR 240.13a-14

PROMULGATED UNDER

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Landen Fredrick, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mannatech, Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Landen Fredrick

Landen Fredrick

Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 17 CFR 240.13a-14

PROMULGATED UNDER

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, James Clavijo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Mannatech, Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ James Clavijo

James Clavijo

Chief Financial Officer

(principal financial officer)

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Landen Fredrick, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Landen Fredrick

Landen Fredrick

Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS WRITTEN STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Mannatech, Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James Clavijo, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ James Clavijo

James Clavijo

Chief Financial Officer

(principal financial officer)

A SIGNED ORIGINAL OF THIS WRITTEN STATEMENT REQUIRED BY SECTION 906 HAS BEEN PROVIDED TO MANNATECH, INCORPORATED AND FURNISHED TO THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ITS STAFF UPON REQUEST.

Exhibit 99.1

SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS