TELEPHONE & DATA SYSTEMS INC /DE/

Business Overview

Array connects America through digital infrastructure by leasing tower space to tenants and providing ancillary services. Array also holds noncontrolling interests in primarily wireless operating companies and holds certain wireless spectrum licenses. As of March 31, 2026, Array is an 81.9%-owned subsidiary of Telephone and Data Systems, Inc. (TDS).

Towers

Array seeks to grow tower revenue primarily through increasing colocations on existing towers and amendments to existing colocations. Array seeks to provide unique tower locations, attractive terms and streamlined implementation to wireless network operators, internet service providers, government and public safety agencies, broadcast and media companies, and other businesses. As of March 31, 2026, Array owns 4,452 towers in 19 states.

Noncontrolling interest investments

Array holds noncontrolling interests in primarily wireless operating companies that generate material amounts of income and cash distributions. These entities primarily consist of wireless entities managed by Verizon and AT&T. The noncontrolling entities that are managed by Array consist primarily of tower operations.

Retained spectrum

Array holds wireless spectrum that is subject to sale agreements described above, and additional wireless spectrum not subject to pending sale agreements that Array seeks to opportunistically monetize. As of March 31, 2026, the book value of the remaining spectrum not subject to pending sale agreements was $1,584.7 million and includes primarily C-Band spectrum. Array incurred costs related to the management of the retained spectrum of $1.9 million as a standalone tower company during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

1 Includes T-Mobile MLA committed site minimum of 2,015. Excludes Interim Sites whereby T-Mobile is leasing up to 1,800 sites for a period of up to 30 months subject to the terms and conditions of the MLA. As of March 31, 2026, the Number of colocations and the Tower tenancy rate exclude DISH Wireless due to the low probability of collection on outstanding amounts. See Financial Overview within this MD&A for additional information.

Financial Overview — Array

N/M - Percentage change not meaningful

1 Refer to Supplemental Information Relating to Non-GAAP Financial Measures within this MD&A for a reconciliation of this measure.

2 Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources within this MD&A for additional information on Capital expenditures.

Key components of changes in the statement of operations items were as follows:

Site rental revenues

Site rental revenues increased for the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily as a result of the execution of the T-Mobile MLA, pursuant to which T-Mobile leases space on an additional minimum 2,015 Array-owned towers, which were not under existing leases for T-Mobile, for a minimum of 15 years and leases space on approximately 1,800 Array-owned towers on an interim basis. The duration of the interim lease is 30 months, and T-Mobile may cancel such interim leases at their option on a tower-by-tower basis at any time. Array expects revenue will decline in future periods as T-Mobile terminates these interim leases. Further, the MLA extended the license term for approximately 600 existing T-Mobile colocations on Array towers for a new 15-year term that commenced on August 1, 2025.

This was partially offset by a $4.4 million decrease in site rental revenues from DISH Wireless, including a $2.9 million write-off of contractual assets and liabilities. In September 2025, Array received a letter from DISH Wireless claiming that its obligations under its Master Lease Agreement with Array were excused due to actions taken by the FCC and subsequent agreements to sell spectrum assets. DISH Wireless has subsequently failed to make certain payments due to Array under their contractual commitment. Array believes that DISH Wireless' claim that its obligations under its Agreement with Array are excused is without merit. Beginning in the first quarter of 2026, Array cannot predict with certainty that outstanding amounts will be collected and revenue will only be recognized on a cash basis as payments are received. Site rental revenues from DISH Wireless were $6.5 million in 2025. DISH Wireless is contractually committed to levels of revenue commensurate with 2025, subject to escalators, through 2031, and a declining revenue commitment in 2032-2035.

Services revenues

Services revenues increased for the three months ended March 31, 2026 due primarily to an increase in application and related fees as a result of Array fully insourcing sales and leasing operations in March 2025.

Cost of operations

Cost of operations increased in the three months ended March 31, 2026 due primarily to the classification of property tax and property insurance following the sale of the wireless business, an increase in maintenance expenses and an increase in cell site ground rent due to incremental expense related to customer growth, new leases, lease amendments and escalations.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2026 due primarily to decreases in shared overhead costs, employee expenses and the classification of property tax and property insurance attributed to the sale of the wireless business. Selling, general and administrative expenses in 2026 include costs to support the winddown of the legacy wireless operations. These expenses are expected to persist at a declining rate into future periods.

(Gain) loss on license sales and exchanges, net

(Gain) loss on license sales and exchanges, net increased for the three months ended March 31, 2026 due to the closing of the sale of certain 3.45 GHz and 700 MHz wireless spectrum licenses to AT&T. See Note 6 — Divestitures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities represents Array’s share of net income from entities in which it has a noncontrolling interest and that are accounted for using the equity method or the net asset value practical expedient. See Note 7 — Investments in Unconsolidated Entities in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Interest expense

Interest expense from continuing operations excludes interest costs in all periods associated with term loans repaid, and debt exchanged, in conjunction with the sale of Array's wireless operations to T-Mobile. As a result, the increase in interest expense is primarily attributable to the new term loanthat Array entered into in August 2025 and a decrease in capitalized interest.

Short-term imputed spectrum lease income

Short-term imputed spectrum lease income increased for the three months ended March 31, 2026 due to the execution of the Short-Term Spectrum Manager Lease Agreement and Short-Term Spectrum Manager Sublease Agreements, which provide T-Mobile with an exclusive license to use certain Array spectrum assets and leases at no cost for up to one year from closing. The portion of the purchase price allocated to the use of this spectrum will be amortized over one year following the close. Effective April 1, 2026, the Short-Term Spectrum Manager Lease was terminated for certain spectrum assets. The termination of these leases will result in future imputed spectrum lease income of $11.7 million being recognized to (Gain) loss on sale of business and other exit costs, net within discontinued operations during the second quarter of 2026.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax expense on continuing operations increased for the three months ended March 31, 2026, due primarily to the increase in Income before income taxes.