Strategy Inc

(unaudited)

(1)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Strategy Inc (“Strategy,” or the “Company”) are unaudited.

The Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are presented as required by the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting and do not contain certain information included in the Company’s annual financial statements and notes. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the notes thereto filed with the SEC in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified or aggregated to conform to the current period presentation. These changes did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and no underlying accounting policies or measurement bases have changed.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Repurchases of Preferred Stock

The Company accounts for repurchases of its Preferred Stock (as defined in Note 10, Redeemable Preferred Stock) as extinguishments. The repurchased Preferred Stock is derecognized from mezzanine equity at its net carrying amount, and the difference between the net carrying amount and the consideration paid, is recorded within accumulated deficit and treated as a deemed contribution (or deemed dividend) in determining net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders.

(2)Recent Accounting Standards

The following Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) were issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") but have not yet been adopted:

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires further disaggregation of specific expense captions in the notes to consolidated financial statements. The guidance is effective for the Company’s 2027 annual and 2028 interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its disclosures and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles: Goodwill and Other‒Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (ASU 2025-06). Upon adoption, the Company will be required to account for internal-use software under the updated capitalization criteria. The standard is effective for the Company's interim and annual 2028 periods, with early adoption permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively, retrospectively, or under a modified transition approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements as well as its method of adoption.

(3)Digital Assets

The Company accounts for its digital assets, which are comprised solely of bitcoin, as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, and ASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets. The Company’s digital assets are initially recorded at cost. Subsequent to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2023-08 on January 1, 2025, bitcoin assets are measured at fair value as of each reporting period. The Company determines the fair value of its bitcoin in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on quoted (unadjusted) prices on the Coinbase exchange, the active exchange that the Company has determined is its principal market for bitcoin (Level 1 inputs). Changes in fair value and gains or losses on sales are recognized in net income within “(Gain) loss on digital assets” within operating expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table summarizes the Company’s digital asset holdings as of:

The following table summarizes the Company’s digital asset purchases, digital asset sales, and (gain) loss on digital assets for the periods indicated.

From time to time, the Company’s execution partners may extend short-term trade credits to the Company and to MacroStrategy LLC (“MacroStrategy”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, to purchase bitcoin in advance of using cash funds in their respective trading accounts. Trade credits are due and payable after the bitcoin purchases are completed. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, certain bitcoin of the Company and MacroStrategy were subject to a first priority security interest and lien in order to secure payments owed by the Company or MacroStrategy with respect to these arrangements. While trade credits are outstanding, the Company and MacroStrategy may incur interest fees and be required to maintain minimum balances in their trading and custody accounts with such execution partners. As of September 30, 2026, neither the Company nor MacroStrategy had any outstanding trade credits payable.

The vast majority of the Company’s assets are concentrated in its bitcoin holdings. Bitcoin is a digital asset, which is a novel asset class that is subject to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty. Holding bitcoin does not generate any cash flows and involves custodial fees and other costs. Additionally, bitcoin has historically experienced significant price volatility, and a significant decrease in the price of bitcoin would adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company’s strategy of acquiring and holding bitcoin also exposes it to counterparty risks with respect to the custody of its bitcoin, cybersecurity risks, and other risks inherent to holding a digital asset. In particular, the Company is subject to the risk that, if its private keys with respect to its digital assets are lost or destroyed or other similar circumstances or events occur, the Company may lose some or all of its digital assets, which could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

(4)Short-term Investments

As of September 30, 2026, the Company's short-term investments consisted of U.S. Treasury securities and certificates of deposit, each with an original maturity greater than three months and a remaining maturity of one year or less. These are presented within “Short-term investments” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company held no short-term investments as of December 31, 2025.

The Company's U.S. Treasury securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, based on quoted prices in active markets (Level 1), with unrealized gains and losses recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As of September 30, 2026, their amortized cost and fair value were $2.91 billion and $2.90 billion, respectively, and gross unrealized gains and losses werenot material. No allowance for credit losses was recognized because any unrealized losses are attributable to changes in interest rates rather than credit, the securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, and the Company does not intend to sell them, nor is it more likely than not to be required to sell them, before recovery of their amortized cost basis. There wereno sales of these securities during the three months ended September 30, 2026. For the nine months then ended, sale proceeds were $99.4 million, and gross realized gains and losses werenot material.

Certificates of deposit are non-negotiable and carried at amortized cost, which was $500.0 million as of September 30, 2026. Because of their short remaining maturities, this approximates fair value, which would be classified within Level 2.

No allowance for credit losses was recorded, as expected credit losses were not material given those maturities and the credit standing of the issuing institution.

The certificates of deposit are held with a single U.S. financial institution, creating a concentration of credit risk. As of September 30, 2026, substantially all of the $500.0 million exceeds the $250,000 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limit per depositor per institution, and that uninsured amount is the Company's maximum exposure to loss. The deposits are not collateralized or subject to master netting arrangements. The Company monitors the institution's credit standing and has not experienced any losses on these balances.

(5)Contract Balances

The Company invoices its customers in accordance with billing schedules established in each contract. The Company’s rights to consideration from customers are presented separately in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets depending on whether those rights are conditional or unconditional.

The Company presents unconditional rights to consideration from customers within “Accounts receivable, net” in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. All of the Company’s contracts are generally non-cancellable and/or non-refundable, and therefore an unconditional right generally exists when the customer is billed or amounts are billable per the contract.

Accounts receivable consisted of the following, as of:

Changes in the allowance for credit losses werenot material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026.

Rights to consideration that are subject to a condition other than the passage of time are considered contract assets until they are expected to become unconditional and transfer to accounts receivable. Current contract assets included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of $17.2 million and $9.7 million, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, related to performance obligations or services being rendered in advance of future invoicing associated with multi-year contracts. Non-current contract assets included in “Deposits and other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of $9.7 million and $4.7 million, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, related to performance obligations or services being rendered in advance of future invoicing associated with multi-year contracts. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, there wereno significant impairments to the Company’s contract assets, nor were there any significant changes in the timing of the Company’s contract assets being reclassified to accounts receivable.

Contract liabilities are amounts received or due from customers in advance of the Company transferring the software or services to the customer and presented as "Deferred revenue and advance payments" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In the case of multi-year service contract arrangements, the Company generally does not invoice more than one year in advance of services and does not record deferred revenue for amounts that have not been invoiced. Revenue is subsequently recognized in the period(s) in which control of the software or services is transferred to the customer.

The Company’s “Accounts receivable, net” and “Deferred revenue and advance payments” balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets include unpaid amounts related to contracts under which the Company has an enforceable right to invoice the customer for non-cancellable and/or non-refundable software and services. Changes in accounts receivable and changes in deferred revenue and advance payments are presented net of these unpaid amounts in “Operating activities” in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized revenues of $57.7 million and $232.6 million, respectively, from amounts included in the total deferred revenue and advance payments balances at the beginning of 2026. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized revenues of $52.2 million and $209.0 million, respectively, from amounts included in the total deferred revenue and advance payments balances at the beginning of 2025. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, there were no significant changes in the timing of revenue recognition on the Company’s deferred balances.

The Company’s remaining performance obligation represents all future revenue under contract and includes deferred revenue and advance payments and billable non-cancellable amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The remaining performance obligation excludes contracts that are billed in arrears, such as certain time and materials contracts. The portions of multi-year contracts that will be invoiced in the future are not presented on the balance sheet within accounts receivable and deferred revenues and are instead included in the following remaining performance obligations disclosure. As of September 30, 2026, the Company had an aggregate transaction price of $576.6 million allocated to the remaining performance obligation related to subscription services, product support, product licenses, and other services contracts. The Company expects to recognize $334.2 million within the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

(6)Long-term Debt

The net carrying value of the Company’s outstanding debt consisted of the following, as of:

Convertible Senior Notes

As of September 30, 2026, the following convertible notes were outstanding (the “Outstanding Convertible Notes”):

•$1.01 billion aggregate principal amount of 0.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Convertible Notes”);

•$1.50 billion aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Convertible Notes”);

•$800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030A Convertible Notes”);

•$2.00 billion aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030B Convertible Notes”);

•$603.7 million aggregate principal amount of 0.875% Convertible Senior Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Convertible Notes”); and

•$800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2032 (the “2032 Convertible Notes”).

Additionally, the Company also previously issued, in February 2021, $1.05 billion aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Convertible Notes”, and together with the Outstanding Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). All of the 2027 Convertible Notes were redeemed or converted into the Company’s class A common stock during the first quarter of 2025.

Each of the Convertible Notes were issued in a private offering. The Outstanding Convertible Notes are, and the 2027 Convertible Notes were, senior unsecured obligations of the Company ranking senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment to any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries.

The following table summarizes the key terms of each of the Outstanding Convertible Notes (principal at inception, net proceeds, and issuance costs are each reported in thousands). The summaries below are qualified in their entirety by the full text of the applicable indenture governing the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes:

(1)“Maturity Date” is the stated maturity date under each applicable indenture governing such notes, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with their terms.

(2)Holders may receive additional or special interest under specified circumstances as outlined under each applicable indenture governing the Outstanding Convertible Notes.

(3)"Interest Payment Date" represent the dates on which regular interest is payable on the 2028 Convertible Notes, 2030A Convertible Notes, 2031 Convertible Notes and 2032 Convertible Notes under the applicable indenture. Since the 2029 Convertible Notes and the 2030B Convertible Notes do not bear regular interest, "Interest Payment Dates" for such notes represent the dates on which special interest and/or additional interest, if any, is payable under the applicable indenture.

(4)“Issuance Costs” reflect the customary offering expenses associated with each of the Outstanding Convertible Notes. The Company accounts for these issuance costs as a reduction to the principal amount of the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes and amortizes the issuance costs to interest expense from the respective debt issuance dates through the earlier of the “Maturity Date” or the “Date of Holder Put Option,” if applicable, at the “Effective Interest Rate” stated in the table.

(5)“Date of Holder Put Option” represents the respective dates upon which holders of the Outstanding Convertible Notes each have a noncontingent right to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their respective notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

(6)The “Initial Conversion Rate” is stated in shares of the Company’s class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount. The conversion rates are subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. In addition, following certain events that may occur prior to the respective maturity dates or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its respective Outstanding Convertible Notes in connection with such corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be, in certain circumstances as provided in each indenture governing the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes.

(7)The “Initial Conversion Price” is stated in dollars per share of the Company’s class A common stock.

(8)On or after the stated dates until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the respective maturity dates, holders may convert the Outstanding Convertible Notes at any time. Upon conversion of the Outstanding Convertible Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of class A common stock, at the Company’s election.

(9)Prior to the respective dates, the Outstanding Convertible Notes are convertible only under the following circumstances:

i. during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) if the last reported sale price of the Company’s class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes on each applicable trading day;

ii. during thefive business day period after anyfive consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined under each applicable indenture governing the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes) per $1,000 principal amount of the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s class A common stock and the applicable conversion rate on each such trading day;

iii.(a) in the case of the 2028 Convertible Notes, 2029 Convertible Notes, 2030A Convertible Notes, 2031 Convertible Notes and 2032 Convertible Notes, the Company calls any or all of such Outstanding Convertible Notes for redemption, then a holder may surrender all or any part of such of its Outstanding Convertible Notes as called for redemption for conversion at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; and (b) in the case of the 2030B Convertible Notes, the Company calls any 2030B Convertible Notes for redemption, then the holders of such 2030B Convertible Notes may convert such 2030B Convertible Notes at any time before the close of business on the second business day immediately before the related redemption date; and

iv. upon occurrence of specified corporate events as described in each applicable indenture governing the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes.

(10)The Company may redeem for cash all or a portion of the Outstanding Convertible Notes at its option, on or after the stated dates, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price of the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides a notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Outstanding Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. See “Partial Extinguishment of Convertible Notes” below for information regarding the Company’s repurchase of certain of its 2029 Convertible Notes.

(11)With respect to the 2029 Convertible Notes, the date reflects the "Repurchase Date" on which the Company repurchased from certain holders in privately negotiated transactions $1.50 billion aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2029 Convertible Notes for a purchase price of $1.38 billion. The repurchased notes were canceled.

If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change,” as defined in the respective indentures governing the Outstanding Convertible Notes prior to maturity, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their respective Outstanding Convertible Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The respective indentures governing the Outstanding Convertible Notes contain customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the applicable trustee of the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount outstanding of the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes may declare 100% of the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the respective Outstanding Convertible Notes to be due and payable.

Although the Outstanding Convertible Notes contain embedded conversion features, the Company accounts for the Outstanding Convertible Notes in their entirety as a liability because the conversion features are indexed to the Company’s class A common stock and meet the criteria for classification in stockholders’ equity and therefore do not qualify for separate derivative accounting.

Partial Extinguishment of Convertible Notes

On May 19, 2026, the Company completed privately negotiated repurchase transactions with certain holders of its outstanding 2029 Convertible Notes, pursuant to which the Company repurchased and canceled $1.50 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Convertible Notes. The aggregate repurchase price, including third-party transaction costs, was $1.38 billion. The net carrying amount of the repurchased 2029 Convertible Notes was approximately $1.49 billion, reflecting the $1.50 billion principal amount repurchased, net of the related pro rata allocation of unamortized debt issuance costs. As a result, the Company recognized a gain on debt extinguishment of approximately $113.9 million in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations during the second quarter of 2026. Following the repurchase, $1.50 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Convertible Notes remained outstanding as of September 30, 2026.

Conversions and Redemption of Convertible Notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Outstanding Convertible Notes were not convertible and the Company did not receive any conversion requests.

Collective Convertible Notes Disclosures

As of September 30, 2026, the maximum number of shares into which the Outstanding Convertible Notes could have been potentially converted if the conversion features were triggered at the conversion rates then in effect based on the Outstanding Convertible Notes then outstanding on such date was:

•2028 Convertible Notes:5,513,489 shares of class A common stock;

•2029 Convertible Notes:2,230,800 shares of class A common stock;

•2030A Convertible Notes:5,341,600 shares of class A common stock;

•2030B Convertible Notes:4,614,400 shares of class A common stock;

•2031 Convertible Notes:2,593,923 shares of class A common stock; and

•2032 Convertible Notes:3,915,200 shares of class A common stock.

While none of the Outstanding Convertible Notes were convertible during the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Outstanding Convertible Notes may be convertible in future periods if one or more of the conversion conditions are satisfied during future measurement periods. See "Convertible Senior Notes" above for additional information.

As of September 30, 2026, the net carrying value of the 2028 Convertible Notes of $1.01 billion was classified as a current liability in the “Current portion of long-term debt, net” line item, and the net carrying value of the remaining Outstanding Convertible Notes was classified as a long-term liability in the “Long-term debt, net” line item, in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2025, the net carrying value of the Outstanding Convertible Notes was classified as a long-term liability in the “Long-term debt, net” line item in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table presents the net carrying value and fair value of the Company’s Outstanding Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

The fair value of the Outstanding Convertible Notes is determined using observable market data other than quoted prices, specifically the last traded price at the end of the reporting period of identical instruments in the over-the-counter market (Level 2).

For the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 interest expense related to the Convertible Notes was as follows:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 interest expense related to the Convertible Notes was as follows:

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company paid $8.3 million and $25.6 million, respectively, in interest related to the Convertible Notes. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company paid $8.3 million and $25.5 million, respectively, in interest related to the Convertible Notes. The Company has not paid any additional interest or special interest related to the Convertible Notes to date.

Other long-term secured debt

In June 2022, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a secured term loan agreement in the amount of $11.1 million, bearing interest at an annual rate of 5.2%, and maturing in June 2027. The loan is secured by certain non-bitcoin assets of the Company that are not otherwise serving as collateral for any of the Company’s other indebtedness.

In June 2025, the Company entered into a loan agreement that provides for aggregate borrowings of up to $31.1 million, available in multiple tranches, to fund a capital asset purchase. Amounts outstanding under the loan bear interest, with respect to each tranche, at a variable rate equal to the one-year Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 4.24%. The loan is secured by non-bitcoin assets that are not otherwise serving as collateral for any of the Company’s other indebtedness. The loan will mature in the fourth quarter of 2026.

After monthly payments made under the terms of these other long-term secured debt agreements, the other long-term secured debt had an aggregate net carrying value of $39.8 million and $39.9 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $39.9 million and $40.3 million as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, $39.8 million and $31.3 million of the respective net carrying values were short-term and were presented in “Current portion of long-term debt, net” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Maturities

The following table shows the maturities of the Company’s debt instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2026. The principal payments related to the Outstanding Convertible Notes are included in the table below as if the holders exercised their right to require the Company to repurchase all of the respective convertible notes on their respective Date of Holder Put Option.

(7)Commitments and Contingencies

(a)Commitments

From time to time, the Company enters into certain types of contracts that require it to indemnify parties against third-party claims. These contracts primarily relate to agreements under which the Company assumes indemnity obligations for intellectual property infringement or death, bodily harm, or damage to tangible personal property due to the Company’s personnel's gross negligence or willful misconduct in providing contracted services, as well as other obligations from time to time depending on arrangements negotiated with customers and other third parties. The conditions of these obligations vary. Thus, the overall maximum amount of the Company’s indemnification obligations cannot be reasonably estimated. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations and does not currently expect to incur any material obligations in the future. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded an indemnification liability on its Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

(b)Contingencies

Brazil Matter

As previously disclosed, following internal review initiated in 2018, the Company disclosed its belief that its Brazilian subsidiary failed or likely failed to comply with local procurement regulations in conducting business with certain Brazilian government entities to Brazil’s General Superintendence of the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (“SG/CADE”), the Federal Comptroller General (“CGU”), and the Office of the Comptroller General of the State of São Paulo (“CGE-SP”). Following this voluntary disclosure and cooperation with these agencies, the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary signed leniency agreements with the SG/CADE in September 2020, with the CGU and the Federal General Attorney’s Office in July 2024, and with the CGE-SP and the Office of the Attorney General of the State of São Paulo in April 2025, pursuant to which it paid fees in an aggregate amount of approximately BRL 8.6 million (equivalent to approximately $1.5 million) to the CGU and CGE-SP and was granted immunity from debarment and other sanctions.

In 2023, the SG/CADE launched a public administrative proceeding to investigate potentially anticompetitive conduct by various entities and individuals in Brazil based in part on the information voluntarily disclosed by the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary, which is also one of the defendants in the proceeding. In February 2026, SG/CADE issued its final Technical Opinion in the proceeding. SG/CADE recommended, among other things, that leniency be confirmed for the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary and no fines be imposed against it. The case is now pending with CADE’s Tribunal. If, after its review, the Tribunal confirms that the Brazilian subsidiary’s obligations under the leniency agreement it signed with SG/CADE have been fulfilled, the Brazilian subsidiary will receive full immunity from fines.

The Company’s Brazilian subsidiary continues to cooperate with requests from government authorities related to the above matters. As of September 30, 2026, the Company remained unable to reasonably estimate a range of loss beyond the payments described above.

Various Legal Proceedings and Contingent Liabilities

The Company is also involved in various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings are inherently difficult to predict, management does not expect the resolution of these legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Company has contingent liabilities that, in management’s judgment, are not probable of assertion. If such unasserted contingent liabilities were to be asserted, or become probable of assertion, the Company may be required to record significant expenses and liabilities in the period in which these liabilities are asserted or become probable of assertion.

(8)Income Taxes

The Company computes its year-to-date provision for (benefit from) income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pretax ordinary income or loss and adjusts the provision for (benefit from) income taxes for discrete tax items recorded in the period. The estimated annual effective tax rate is subject to fluctuation based on the level and mix of earnings and losses by tax jurisdiction, foreign tax rate differentials, the relative impact of permanent book to tax differences and the impact of any valuation allowances. Each quarter, a cumulative adjustment is recorded for any fluctuations in the estimated annual effective tax rate as compared to the prior quarter. As a result of these factors, and due to potential changes in the Company’s period-to-period results, fluctuations in the Company’s effective tax rate and respective tax provisions or benefits may occur.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recorded a benefit from income taxes of $0.51 billion on a pretax loss of $1.74 billion, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 29.4%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $3.35 billion on pretax income of $11.93 billion, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 28.0%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company’s benefit from (provision for) income taxes primarily related to the tax effects of changes in the fair value of its bitcoin holdings.

During the three months ended September 30, 2026, the fair value of the Company’s bitcoin holdings increased above their average cost basis. This resulted in (i) the elimination of the deferred tax asset related to the previous unrealized loss on the Company’s bitcoin holdings, (ii) the release of the $4.60 billion valuation allowance established during the six months ended June 30, 2026 against the Company’s U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets, and (iii) the recognition of a net deferred tax liability related to the Company’s bitcoin holdings as of September 30, 2026, the components of which are described below. As of September 30, 2026, the Company recorded (i) a deferred tax liability of $1.98 billion related to the unrealized gain on its bitcoin holdings and (ii) a deferred tax asset of $91.5 million related to capital losses from sales of bitcoin. If, in future periods, the fair value of bitcoin declines below the average cost basis of the Company’s bitcoin holdings, the Company would record a deferred tax asset for the unrealized loss and may be required to establish a valuation allowance against its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to regularly assess the realizability of deferred tax assets.

The Company records liabilities related to its uncertain tax positions. As of September 30, 2026, the Company had gross unrecognized income tax benefits, including accrued interest, of $13.5 million, of which $3.1 million was recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” and $10.4 million was recorded in “Deferred tax liability” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had gross unrecognized income tax benefits of $13.4 million, including accrued interest, $3.0 million of which was recorded in “Other long-term liabilities” and $10.4 million of which was recorded in “Deferred tax liability” in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(9)Share-based Compensation

Stock Incentive Plans

Prior to its expiration, the Company maintained the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2013 Equity Plan”), under which the Company’s employees, officers, and directors were awarded various types of share-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards. In May 2023, the 2013 Equity Plan expired and no new awards may be granted under the 2013 Equity Plan, although awards previously granted under the 2013 Equity Plan will continue to remain outstanding in accordance with their terms.

The Company maintains the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2023 Equity Plan”) under which the Company’s employees, officers, directors, and other eligible participants may be awarded various types of share-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units, and other stock-based awards. On January 21, 2025, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the 2023 Equity Plan (the “2024 Plan Amendment”). The 2024 Plan Amendment amended the 2023 Equity Plan to provide that, beginning on December 20, 2024, each non-employee director who is newly appointed to the Company's board of directors shall automatically receive, upon the date of such director’s initial appointment to the Company's board of directors, equity awards having an aggregate fair value equal to $2,000,000, one-half of which ($1,000,000) will consist of a non-statutory stock option and one-half of which ($1,000,000) will consist of restricted stock units, with each award vesting annually in equal installments over four years.

An aggregate of up to 19,327,030 shares of the Company’s class A common stock were authorized for issuance under the 2023 Equity Plan. As of September 30, 2026, there were 2,777,792 shares of class A common stock reserved and available for future issuance under the 2023 Equity Plan. The 2013 Equity Plan and the 2023 Equity Plan together are referred to herein as the “Stock Incentive Plans.”

Stock option awards

As of September 30, 2026, there were options to purchase 3,123,865 shares of class A common stock outstanding under the Stock Incentive Plans. The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2026:

Stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2026 are comprised of the following range of exercise prices per share:

An aggregate of 650,323 stock options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $16.5 million vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2026. An aggregate of 1,311,010 stock options with an aggregate grant date fair value of $36.8 million vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized approximately $2.6 million and $8.9 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from stock options granted under the Stock Incentive Plans. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $5.1 million and $16.9 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from stock options granted under the Stock Incentive Plans. As of September 30, 2026, there was approximately $17.1 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 2.6 years.

Share-settled restricted stock units

As of September 30, 2026, there were 633,296 share-settled restricted stock units outstanding under the Stock Incentive Plans. The following table summarizes the Company’s share-settled restricted stock unit activity for the periods indicated:

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company used a sell-to-cover method, under which all vested shares are issued and a portion is sold in the open market to satisfy employee payroll tax obligations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026,297,445 share-settled restricted stock units having an aggregate grant date fair value of $21.8 million vested and were issued. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025,370,421 share-settled restricted stock units having an aggregate grant date fair value of $20.5 million vested and were issued. The weighted average grant date fair value of share-settled restricted stock units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 was $146.77 and $286.65, respectively, based on the fair value of the Company’s class A common stock.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized approximately $7.0 million and $20.8 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from share-settled restricted stock units granted under the Stock

Incentive Plans. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $6.7 million and $19.0 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from share-settled restricted stock units granted under the Stock Incentive Plans. As of September 30, 2026, there was approximately $70.8 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested share-settled restricted stock units, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 2.8 years.

Share-settled performance stock units

As of September 30, 2026, there were 115,079 performance stock units outstanding under the 2023 Equity Plan. The following table summarizes the Company’s performance stock unit activity for the periods indicated:

The weighted average grant date fair value of performance stock units using the Monte-Carlo simulation model was $267.03 and $445.66 for each performance stock unit granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, based on the following assumptions:

350,820 performance stock units vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 andno performance stock units vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized approximately $3.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from performance stock units granted under the 2023 Equity Plan. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $3.0 million and $6.4 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense from performance stock units granted under the 2023 Equity Plan. As of September 30, 2026, there was approximately $18.2 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested performance stock units, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of approximately 2.0 years.

2021 ESPP

The Company also maintains the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”). The purpose of the 2021 ESPP is to provide eligible employees of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries with opportunities to purchase shares of the Company’s class A common stock insix-month offering periods commencing on each March 1 and September 1. An aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s class A common stock has been authorized for issuance under the 2021 ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026,41,667 shares of class A common stock were issued in connection with the 2021 ESPP. As of September 30, 2026,421,929 shares of the Company’s class A common stock remained available for issuance under the 2021 ESPP.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recognized approximately $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense related to the 2021 ESPP. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized approximately $0.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense related to the 2021 ESPP. As of September 30, 2026, there was approximately $1.1 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the 2021 ESPP, which the Company expects to recognize over a period of approximately 0.4 years.

(10)Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Company's 10.00% Series A Perpetual Strife Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“STRF Stock”), Variable Rate Series A Perpetual Stretch Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“STRC Stock”),10.00% Series A Perpetual Stream Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“STRE Stock”),8.00% Series A Perpetual Strike Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“STRK Stock”), and 10.00% Series A Perpetual Stride Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value per share (“STRD Stock” and, together with STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRE Stock and STRK Stock, the "Preferred Stock") discussed in this note below are classified within mezzanine equity, as certain events that could cause such shares to become redeemable are not solely within the control of the Company. Issuances of the Preferred Stock are recognized based on proceeds received, net of issuance costs and are not accreted to their redemption value unless it is probable that the Preferred Stock will become redeemable. The Company has evaluated the probability of a redemption in connection with a Fundamental Change (defined below). Based on current facts and circumstances and the Company’s current and projected capital structure, management has determined that the occurrence of a Fundamental Change is remote. Accordingly, the Company concluded that accretion to the redemption value of the Preferred Stock is not required as of the reporting date.

Repurchase Programs

In June 2026, the Company's board of directors authorized (i) a repurchase program for up to $1.0 billion aggregate purchase price of the Company's Preferred Stock and (ii) a repurchase program for up to $1.0 billion aggregate purchase price of the Company's class A common stock. In September 2026, the Company's board of directors approved an increase in the aggregate purchase price of its Preferred Stock repurchase program from $1.0 billion to $2.0 billion (inclusive of any commissions, fees, and expenses and inclusive of any repurchases made under such program prior to such date). Repurchases may be made from time to time through open-market purchases, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, tender offers, exchange offers, or other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions, trading prices, liquidity, applicable legal requirements, and other factors. The repurchase authorizations do not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of securities, have no fixed expiration date, and may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company paid $1.34 billion in cash to repurchase shares of STRC Stock under the Preferred Stock repurchase program. In addition, as of September 30, 2026, $36.8 million remained payable for repurchases of STRC Stock that were repurchased but not yet settled as of such date. The following table provides a summary of STRC Stock repurchase activity under the Preferred Stock repurchase program as of the end of the respective periods below:

(1) The average price per share and aggregate cost amounts disclosed above include broker commissions.

(2) The approximate dollar values presented for July and August 2026 reflect the remaining authorization under the Company’s $1.0 billion preferred stock repurchase program then in effect and do not give effect to the increase in the authorization to $2.0 billion approved by the Company's board of directors in September 2026.

As of September 30, 2026, the Company had not repurchased any other series of Preferred Stock pursuant to its Preferred Stock repurchase program.

As of September 30, 2026, the Company had not repurchased any shares of class A common stock pursuant to the class A common stock repurchase program. As a result, the Company may repurchase up to $1.0 billion of class A common stock.

Summary of Preferred Stock Terms and Conditions

The following table summarizes the key terms and provisions of each series of Preferred Stock, and information relating to each series of Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2026. The summaries below are qualified in their entirety by the full text of the applicable certificate of designations in effect as of such date. See Note 15, Subsequent Events for additional information.

(1)The liquidation preference per share of STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRE Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock generally approximates to the greater of the trading price per share of the applicable series of Preferred Stock or $100 (or, in the case of STRE Stock, €100) as set forth in the applicable certificate of designations.

(2)Shares of STRC Stock accumulate cumulative dividends at a variable rate per annum on the stated amount thereof. The Company has the right, at its sole and absolute discretion, to adjust the regular dividend rate applicable to a regular dividend period in the manner set forth in the STRC Stock certificate of designations. The regular dividend rate per annum on STRC Stock for the month ended September 30, 2026 was 12.00%.

(3)As set forth in the applicable certificate of designations, upon the occurrence of certain events, the Company will have the right, at its election, to redeem all, and not less than all, of the applicable series of Preferred Stock for cash at a redemption price calculated in accordance with the applicable certificate of designations. The Company also has the right to redeem (subject to certain limitations set forth in the STRC Stock certificate of designations) all or any whole number of issued and outstanding shares of STRC Stock at any time, and from time to time, on any redemption date, at a cash redemption price per share of $101 (or such higher amount as may be chosen in the Company’s sole discretion), plus accumulated and unpaid regular dividends, if any, thereon to, and including, the redemption date.

(4)If a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the applicable certificate of designations) occurs, then (subject to a limited exception in the case of STRK Stock), holders of each series of Preferred Stock will have the right to require the Company to repurchase some or all of their shares of the applicable series of Preferred Stock for cash at a repurchase price calculated in accordance with the applicable certificate of designations.

(5)Holders of STRC Stock, STRE Stock and STRD Stock do not have the right to elect any directors to the Company’s board of directors upon non-payment of regular dividends. However, with respect to STRK Stock and STRF Stock, as of September 30, 2026, if (in each case, subject to the applicable certificate of designations) less than the full amount of accumulated and unpaid regular dividends on the applicable series of Preferred Stock have been declared and paid by the following regular dividend payment date in respect of each of (i)four or more consecutive regular dividend payment dates; and (ii)eight or more consecutive regular dividend payment dates, then, in each case, subject to certain limitations, the authorized number of the Company’s directors will automatically increase byone (or the Company will vacate the office of one of its directors) and the holders of the applicable series of Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class with the holders of each class or series of “Voting Parity Stock” (as defined in the applicable certificate of designations) with similar voting rights that are then exercisable, will have the right to electone director to fill such directorship at the Company’s next annual meeting of stockholders (or, if earlier, at a special meeting of the Company’s stockholders called for such purpose). If, thereafter, all accumulated and unpaid regular dividends on the outstanding shares of the applicable series of Preferred Stock have been paid in full, then this right will terminate. Upon the termination of such right with respect to the applicable series of Preferred Stock and all other outstanding Voting Parity Stock, if any, the term of office of each person then serving as a director pursuant to this right will immediately and automatically terminate (and, if the authorized number of the Company’s directors was increased byone ortwo, as applicable, in connection with such election, then the authorized number of the Company’s directors will automatically decrease byone ortwo, as applicable). See Note 15, Subsequent Events, for additional information regarding these rights.

At-the-Market Offerings of Preferred Stock

The Company is party to a sales agreement (as amended and supplemented to date, the “Omnibus Sales Agreement”) with TD Securities (USA) LLC, StoneX Financial Inc., A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, Barclays Capital Inc., BTIG, LLC, Canaccord Genuity LLC, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Clear Street LLC, Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc., Maxim Group LLC, Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Moelis & Company LLC, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Santander US Capital Markets LLC, SG Americas Securities, LLC, and TCBI Securities, Inc., doing business as Texas Capital Securities, as sales agents (each an “Agent” and collectively, the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may from time to time through the Agents issue and sell shares of STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock, STRD Stock, class A common stock and any additional series of preferred stock as may be designated by the Company from time to time in the future.

Refer to Note 12, At-the-Market Offerings, for additional information regarding the Company’s at-the-market equity offering programs ("ATMs").

Dividends on Preferred Stock

As of September 30, 2026, dividends on the Company's Preferred Stock are payable when, as and if declared by the Company's board of directors, out of funds legally available for their payment:

•in the case of STRF Stock, STRE Stock, STRK Stock, and STRD Stock, quarterly in arrears on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year; and

•in the case of STRC Stock, semi-monthly in arrears.

See Note 15, Subsequent Events, for additional information regarding the dividend frequency of STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company paid the following dividends:

(1) Reflects the Euro to USD exchange rate in effect at the time of the applicable STRE Stock dividend payment.

(11)Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the respective period. Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders is computed by deducting the Preferred Stock dividends declared related to the current financial reporting period. On repurchase of preferred stock, any excess of the net carrying amount of the preferred stock in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet over the fair value of the consideration transferred to the holders of the preferred stock is accounted for as a deemed contribution from preferred stockholders. This amount is included in the determination of net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders in the calculation of earnings per share.

The Company has two classes of common stock: class A common stock and class B common stock. Holders of class A common stock generally have the same rights, including rights to dividends, as holders of class B common stock, except that holders of class A common stock haveone vote per share while holders of class B common stock haveten votes per share. Each share of class B common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, intoone share of class A common stock. As such, basic and fully diluted earnings (loss) per common share for class A common stock and for class B common stock are the same. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on either class A or class B common stock.

As of September 30, 2026, the Company had five series of Preferred Stock outstanding: STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRE Stock, STRK Stock, and STRD Stock. Only STRK Stock is convertible into the Company’s class A common stock and, therefore, is the only series of Preferred Stock that impacts diluted earnings (loss) per common share. Each share of the STRK Stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into 0.1 shares of class A common stock. Refer to Note 10, Redeemable Preferred Stock, for additional information on the dividend, voting, and other rights of the Company's outstanding Preferred Stock.

The impact from potential shares of common stock issuable on the diluted earnings (loss) per common share calculation is included when dilutive. Potential shares of class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units and performance stock units considered probable of achievement, and in connection with the 2021 ESPP are computed using the treasury stock method. Potential shares of class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and upon conversion of the STRK Stock are computed using the if-converted method. In computing diluted earnings (loss) per common share, the Company first calculates the earnings per incremental share (“EPIS”) for each class of potential shares of common stock and ranks the classes from the most dilutive (i.e., lowest EPIS) to the least dilutive (i.e., highest EPIS). Basic earnings per common share is then adjusted for the effect of each class of shares, in sequence and cumulatively, until a particular class no longer produces further dilution.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the periods indicated:

(1)Basic and fully diluted earnings (loss) per common share for class A and class B common stock are the same.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the following weighted average shares of potential class A common stock were excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per common share calculation because their impact would have been anti-dilutive.

(12)At-the-Market Offerings

From time to time, the Company has entered into sales agreements with agents pursuant to which the Company could issue and sell shares of certain series of its Preferred Stock and class A common stock through ATMs. Pursuant to these agreements, the Company agreed to pay the sales agents commissions for their services in acting as agents with respect to the sale of shares through the at-the-market equity offering programs and also agreed to provide the sales agents with reimbursement for certain incurred expenses and customary indemnification and contribution rights.

As of September 30, 2026, the Company was party to the Omnibus Sales Agreement, pursuant to which the Company may from time to time through the Agents issue and sell shares of STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock, STRD Stock, class A common stock and any additional series of preferred stock as may be designated by the Company from time to time in the future.

The following table sets forth total shares sold and net proceeds (net of sales commissions and expenses) received from shares sold under the Company's ATMs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025.

The sales commissions and expenses related to sales of class A common stock described above are considered direct and incremental costs and are charged against “Additional paid-in capital” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet in the period in which the corresponding shares are issued and sold.

(13)Segment Information

The Company hastwo reportable operating segments: "Software" and "Bitcoin."

The Software segment is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sales of the Company’s enterprise analytics software platform through cloud subscriptions and licensing arrangements and related services (i.e., product support, consulting and education).

The Bitcoin segment encompasses the Company’s bitcoin treasury operations, through which the Company executes its bitcoin, capital markets, and capital management strategies. The segment's principal activities consist of transacting in and holding bitcoin as the Company’s primary treasury reserve asset; issuing class A common stock and preferred securities; and maintaining a U.S. dollar reserve (the “USD Reserve”), established in December 2025, intended to support the payment of dividends on the Company's Preferred Stock and interest expense on its outstanding indebtedness and "USD Cash", a management designated U.S. dollar liquidity pool maintained for broader general Bitcoin Treasury Company purposes, which may include acquiring bitcoin, expanding the USD Reserve, broader capital management uses, and other similar purposes. As used in this Quarterly Report, "USD Assets" refers to the USD Reserve and USD Cash, collectively.

Effective in the second quarter of 2026, the Company defined its bitcoin treasury operations as a separate reportable operating segment. In prior periods, the Company reported a single reportable operating segment, the Software Business segment, and presented the bitcoin-related activities now comprising the Bitcoin segment as a non-operating "Corporate & Other" category. In connection with this change, the Company also renamed its software segment, previously referred to as the "Software Business," to "Software." Segment information for the prior comparative periods presented has been recast to conform to the current presentation.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s reportable operating segments are identified based on the discrete financial information regularly reviewed by the CODM and reflect differences in the nature of the Company’s products and business activities. The CODM uses “net income (loss)” to assess each reportable segment’s performance and to allocate resources, and also uses net income (loss) to understand the impact of income taxes and debt-related items for general tax and liquidity planning purposes.

For the Software segment, the CODM focuses on “controllable costs” across the segment’s principal functions and allocates personnel and budget accordingly to maximize profitability. For the Bitcoin segment, the CODM reviews non-controllable expense categories, together with bitcoin holdings, cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments. The CODM uses this information to assess segment performance, allocate resources, and oversee the Company's bitcoin treasury and capital markets strategy. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, approximately 99% of the Company's total assets related to the Bitcoin segment.

The following tables present (for each of the Company's reportable operating segments and on a consolidated basis) the Company’s revenues and significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM, reconciled to net income (loss) for each of the periods presented.

(1)Significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM include both: (i) costs that the CODM considers to be “controllable”, for which the Company can manage future expense via the budgeting process (e.g., salaries, commissions, travel and entertainment expenses, third party-service provider fees, etc.), and that support specific functions of each reportable segment and (ii) costs that the CODM considers to be “non-controllable”, for which future expenses are primarily outside the Company’s control, such as gain or loss on digital assets, custody fees, share-based compensation expense, and employer payroll taxes related to the exercise or vesting of certain awards under the Stock Incentive Plans.

(2)Other segment items for the Software segment are primarily related to foreign currency transaction gains and losses, costs supporting the Company’s education function, one-time corporate initiatives, and certain expenses that are not easily allocable to specific functions. Other segment items for the Bitcoin segment are primarily related to foreign currency transaction gains and losses, as well as gains and losses on the sale of investments.

(3)Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 consisted primarily of interest earned on cash equivalents and short-term investments held as part of the Company's USD Assets. There was no material interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

(4)Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 consisted primarily of contractual interest and amortization of issuance costs on the Company's convertible senior notes, the net proceeds of which were used primarily to acquire bitcoin, and was allocated to the Bitcoin segment. Interest expense allocated to the Software segment was not material.

(5)Income tax effects allocated to the Bitcoin segment related primarily to transactions involving the Company’s bitcoin or debt, including gains or losses on digital assets, interest income, interest expense, share-based compensation expense, general and administrative expense (including personnel costs), and other third-party expenses. These income tax effects also reflect the establishment and release of valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, primarily related to losses on digital assets, based on the Company’s assessment of the realizability of such deferred tax assets each reporting period. Income tax effects allocated to the Software segment primarily relate to the tax benefit of share-based compensation for employees and also reflect the impact of the establishment and release of valuation allowances against deferred tax assets.

Depreciation and amortization expenses are included in net income (loss), but are not regularly reported to the CODM. For the Software segment, depreciation and amortization expense consists primarily of the amortization of capitalized costs to obtain customer contracts, which amounted to $9.7 million and $27.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively, and $2.7 million and $15.5 million for the same periods in the prior year. These amounts are reported within sales and marketing expense, which is a significant expense category regularly provided to the CODM.

Significant non-cash items include gain or loss on digital assets, share-based compensation, gain on debt extinguishment and amortization of issuance costs on long-term debt, and are presented in the table above and in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and/or Statements of Cash Flows. The Company does not regularly report capital expenditures on long-lived assets to the CODM.

The following table presents total revenues and long-lived assets according to geographic region. Long-lived assets are comprised of right-of-use assets and property and equipment, net. The Bitcoin segment disclosed above is included within the U.S. region.

The EMEA region includes operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The other regions include all other foreign countries, generally comprising Latin America, the Asia Pacific region, and Canada. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, Germany accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues.

(14)Related Party Transactions

Saylor Indemnification Agreements

Commencing in June 2021, Michael J. Saylor, the Company’s Chairman of the Board and Executive Chairman, provided indemnification coverage to the Company’s directors and officers (“D&Os”) through a series of indemnification agreements. These agreements were initially executed for applicable periods in which the Company determined not to obtain commercial D&O insurance policies and later to cover claims not insured under the Company’s commercial D&O liability policies. The Company determined that having indemnity coverage from Mr. Saylor was in the best interest of the Company.

In June 2023, the Company bound new commercial D&O liability insurance policies (the “2023 Commercial Policies”) providing $40 million in aggregate coverage for aone-year term, but those policies excluded (i) claims previously noticed to and accepted by an earlier D&O insurer, (ii) claims related to acts or omissions giving rise to such claims, and demands, investigations, suits or other proceedings entered against an insured prior to June 24, 2022, and (iii) future interrelated wrongful acts (collectively, the “Excluded Claims”). Concurrently, the Company entered into a new indemnification agreement with Mr. Saylor (the “2023 Tail Agreement”), pursuant to which he agreed to cover the Excluded Claims for $157,000 for an initialone-year term, with options to extend for additionalone-year periods. The Company elected to extend the 2023 Tail Agreement for an additionalone-year term in June 2024 and paid Mr. Saylor $157,000 for that coverage period.

In June 2025, the Company bound new commercial D&O liability insurance policies (the “Current Commercial Policies”) providing $120 million in aggregate coverage for aone-year term, which the Company renewed for anotherone year term in June 2026. The Company determined that the Current Commercial Policies provide sufficient coverage and, accordingly, the 2023 Tail Agreement was not extended beyond its June 2025 expiration.

(15)Subsequent Events

Daily Dividend Amendments

At a special meeting of the Company's stockholders held on October 28, 2026, the Company's stockholders approved and adopted amended and restated certificates of designations for each of STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock and STRD

Stock, in each case, such that, together with conforming and related changes, regular dividends declared on each of STRF Stock, STRC Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock will be paid on each business day (instead of, in the case of STRF Stock, STRK Stock and STRD Stock, once a quarter, and, in the case of STRC Stock, twice a month) (such changes, collectively, the “Dividend Amendments”). On October 29, 2026, the Company filed such amended and restated certificates of designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

As part of the Dividend Amendments, the provisions governing the rights of holders of STRF Stock and STRK Stock to elect directors upon the non-payment of regular dividends, as described in Note 10, Redeemable Preferred Stock, were revised to reflect the new dividend payment frequency. The existing thresholds of four and eight consecutive calendar quarters remain unchanged, but the determination of whether a calendar quarter counts toward these thresholds is now based on whether all accumulated and unpaid regular dividends for that quarter have been paid by the last regular dividend payment date of such quarter, rather than whether dividends were paid on each individual regular dividend payment date.