HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORP WA

(2)Investment Securities

The Company’s investment policy is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable return on assets without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk and complement the Company’s lending activities.

During 2021, the Company transferred, at fair value, $244.8 million of U.S. government and agency securities from the available for sale classification to the held to maturity classification. The net unrealized after tax gain remained in AOCI and is amortized over the remaining life of the securities, offsetting the related amortization of discount or premium on the transferred securities. No gains or losses were recognized at the time of the transfer.

There wereno investment securities classified as trading at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

(a) Investment Securities by Classification, Type and Maturity

The following tables present the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized and unrecognized gains and losses, including the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale recognized in AOCI, at the dates indicated:

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity at the date indicated. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(1)MBS, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their payment speed.

There wereno holdings of investment securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(b)Unrealized Losses on Investment Securities Available for Sale

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investment securities available for sale for which an ACL on investment securities available for sale has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated:

(c)ACL on Investment Securities

The Company evaluated investment securities available for sale as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and determined that any declines in fair value were attributable to changes in interest rates relative to where these investments fall within the yield curve and individual characteristics. Management monitors published credit ratings for adverse changes for all rated investment securities and none of these securities had a below investment grade credit rating as of both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In addition, the Company does not intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity. Therefore, no ACL on investment securities available for sale was recorded as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company also evaluated investment securities held to maturity for current expected credit losses as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There wereno investment securities held to maturity classified as nonaccrual or past due as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and all were issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, highly rated by major credit rating agencies and had a long history of no credit losses. Accordingly, the Company did not measure expected credit losses on investment securities held to maturity since the historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Therefore, no ACL on investment securities held to maturity was recorded as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(d) Realized Gains and Losses

The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on the sale of investment securities available for sale determined using the specific identification method for the dates indicated:

(e) Pledged Securities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities that were pledged as collateral for the following obligations at the dates indicated:

(f) Accrued Interest Receivable

Accrued interest receivable excluded from theamortized cost of investment securities available for sale totaled $3.8 million and $4.8 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable excluded from theamortized cost on investment securities held to maturity totaled $2.3 million and $2.4 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

No amounts of accrued interest receivable on investment securities available for sale or held to maturity were reversed against interest income on investment securities during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.

(G) Non-Marketable Securities

At December 31, 2022, as a member bank of Visa U.S.A., we held 6,549 shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock. These shares had a carrying value of zero and were restricted from resale to non-member banks of Visa U.S.A. until their conversion into Class A (voting) shares upon the termination of Visa Inc.'s Covered Litigation escrow account. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold all shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock and recognized a $1.6 million gain which is included in "Other income" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.