OneSpan Inc.

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes in or additions to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025.

Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Our Digipass authentication devices are assembled by third-party manufacturers located in China and Romania, using components from suppliers in a wide range of geographic locations, including China. The U.S. presidential administration recently imposed new or additional tariffs on foreign goods, including very high tariffs on certain Chinese imports. Although sales to U.S. customers account for a small portion of our Digipass sales, these tariffs could negatively impact our financial results. In some cases, we may not be able to pass the cost of the tariffs to our customers, which would negatively affect our profit margin. Even if we can pass on these costs, the tariffs and the economic uncertainty they cause may discourage customers from placing Digipass orders or lead them to decrease or delay such orders. Additional expansion of or increases to tariffs would exacerbate these impacts. Although we are planning measures to mitigate the potential impact of the China tariffs on our business, including moving more of our Digipass production to Romania, these measures are unlikely to fully offset the impact, particularly in the near term.

In addition, in response to tariffs, other countries have implemented, or may implement in the future, retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods. Political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technological exchange, and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, which could in turn have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition.