MAXIMUS, INC.

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash from operations, our $750 million revolving credit facility and our $250 million Receivables Purchase Agreement (RPA). As of December 31, 2025, we had $137.6 million in cash and cash equivalents. We believe that our current cash position, access to our debt facilities, and cash flow generated from operations should be sufficient for our operating requirements and should enable us to fund required long-term debt repayments, dividends, and any share purchases we might choose to make. See "Note 7. Debt and Derivatives" to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed discussion of our debt financing arrangements.

We have included the following table showing our debt balances as of December 31, 2025, and their effective interest rates.

(1) The applicable margin for Term Loan A ranges from 1% to 2%, depending on our leverage ratio as determined based on our most recently filed financial statements. As of December 31, 2025, the applicable margin was 1.375%.

Our effective interest rate reflects the drivers of our cash interest payments as of December 31, 2025, which can change based upon the reset of the rates. Including the amortization of the upfront payments, our effective interest rate as of December 31, 2025, was 5.1%.

The below table summarizes our change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash.

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

We reported net cash used in operations of $244.4 million for the first three months of fiscal year 2026, compared to $80.0 million for the first three months of fiscal year 2025. As we had anticipated, cash collections were slow due to a combination of the holiday season, which typically slows payments, combined with a government shutdown and administrative delays with one of our large contracts with the U.S. federal government. We anticipate that our cash flows will improve in the second half of 2026.

These short-term delays in collections are reflected in Days Sales Outstanding ("DSO") at December 31, 2025, which were 78 days, compared with 62 days at September 30, 2025. Excluding the effects of the RPA, DSO would have been 91 days and 73 days, respectively.

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Investing Activities

We reported net cash provided by investing activities of $6.6 million for the first three months of fiscal year 2026, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $22.3 million for the first three months of fiscal year 2025.

In fiscal year 2025, we made significant investments in our capital base, most notably in updating technology on our Federal MDE contracts. Much of this update was completed in the third quarter of that year.

Our cash flows in fiscal year 2026 include the cash received from the sale of our child support business within the United States. The final purchase price will be calculated based upon a working capital calculation, which should be concluded during the third fiscal quarter of this year.

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Financing Activities

We reported net cash provided by financing activities of $156.9 million for the first three months of fiscal year 2026, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $8.3 million for the first three months of fiscal year 2025.

We have utilized our credit facilities in both years to cover the short-term delays in collections noted above. In addition, we have utilized $40.6 million and $228.6 million, in the first quarters of fiscal years 2026 and 2025, respectively, to purchase our common shares.

Credit Facilities

Our principal debt agreement is with JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. (the "Credit Agreement"). At December 31, 2025, we owed $1.58 billion under the Credit Agreement, with access to approximately $505.0 million through a revolving credit facility. Mandatory repayments are required under this agreement through May 2031, when the agreement ends, and must be renegotiated or the funds repaid.

The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants. Failure to meet these requirements would result in a need to renegotiate the agreement, seek a waiver, or a requirement to repay our outstanding debt in full. There are two financial covenants, both defined in the Credit Agreement:

•Our Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio means, for any twelve-month period, the ratio of our Funded Debt (as defined by the Credit Agreement), offset by up to $150 million of unrestricted cash (Consolidated Net Total Leverage), against our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined by the Credit Agreement). To comply with our Credit Agreement, this ratio cannot exceed 4.00:1.00 at the end of each quarter, with a step up to 4.50:1.00 under certain circumstances. This ratio also determines both our interest rate and the charge we pay on the unused component of our revolving credit facility, with the charge increasing as the Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio increases.

•Our Consolidated Net Interest Coverage Ratio means, for any twelve-month period, the ratio of our Consolidated EBITDA against our Consolidated Net Interest Expense, as defined by the Credit Agreement. To comply with our Credit Agreement, this ratio cannot be less than 3.00:1.00 at the end of each quarter.

Consolidated EBITDA also drives certain permissions within the Credit Agreement, such as the level of investment we are entitled to make without seeking additional approval from our lenders.

Our Credit Agreement defines Consolidated EBITDA, as well as other components of the calculations above. The definition of Consolidated EBITDA requires us to include adjustments not typically included within EBITDA, including unusual, non-recurring expenses, certain non-cash adjustments, the pro forma effects of acquisitions and disposals, and estimated synergies from acquisitions. As a result, Consolidated EBITDA as defined by the Credit Agreement may not be comparable to EBITDA or related or similarly titled measures presented by other companies.

We have summarized below the components of our two financial ratio calculations, including the components of Consolidated EBITDA as defined by the Credit Agreement which are included within our financial statements. At December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants of our Credit Agreement. We do not believe that these covenants represent a significant restriction on our ability to operate our business or to pay our dividends.

Cash in Foreign Locations

We have no requirement to remit funds from our foreign locations to the United States. We will continue to explore opportunities to remit additional funds, taking into consideration the working capital requirements and relevant tax rules in each jurisdiction. When we are unable to remit funds back without incurring a penalty, we will consider these funds indefinitely reinvested until such time as these restrictions are changed. As a result, we do not record U.S. deferred income taxes on any funds held in foreign jurisdictions. We have not attempted to calculate our potential liability from any transfer of these funds, as any such transaction might include tax planning strategies that we have not fully explored. Accordingly, it is not possible to estimate the potential tax obligations if we were to remit all of our funds from foreign locations to the United States.

Free Cash Flow (Non-GAAP)