MAXIMUS, INC.

Backlog represents estimated future revenue from:

•existing signed contracts;

•contracts that have been awarded but not yet signed; and

•unexercised priced contract options.

As of September 30, 2025, we estimate that we had approximately $15.3 billion in backlog.

At September 30, 2025, the average weighted remaining life of the contracts in our backlog was approximately 5.0 years, including option periods.

Increases in backlog result from the award of new contracts and the extension or renewal of existing contracts. Reductions in backlog come from fulfilling contracts or the early termination of contracts, which our experience shows to be a rare occurrence. The backlog associated with our performance-based contracts is an estimate based upon management's experience of caseloads and similar transaction volume, which is subject to revision based upon the latest information available. Additionally, backlog estimates may be affected by foreign currency fluctuations. For further discussion of the risks related to our backlog, see "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, notably "We may not be able to realize the full value of our backlog."

We believe that it is difficult to predict with certainty future revenue solely based on an analysis of backlog or period-to-period comparisons. The actual timing of revenue from projects included in backlog will vary. We also may experience periods in which there is a greater concentration of rebids, resulting in a comparatively reduced backlog balance until subsequent award or extension on those contracts.

The longevity of these contracts assists management in predicting revenue, operating income, and cash flows for the purposes of business planning. Our standard forecasting process includes analyzing new work pipelines and submitted responses to requests for proposals when predicting future revenue, operating income, and cash flows.