MAXIMUS, INC.

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand, cash from operations, and availability under our revolving credit facilities. As of June 30, 2025, we had $59.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. We believe that our current cash position, access to our revolving debt, and cash flow generated from operations should be sufficient for our operating requirements for the next 12 months and beyond, including enabling us to fund required long-term debt repayments, dividends, and any share purchases we might choose to make. See "Note 7. Debt and Derivatives" to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed discussion of our debt financing arrangements.

We have included the following table showing our debt balances as of June 30, 2025, and their effective interest rates.

(1) The margin ranges between 1% and 2%, based upon our leverage ratio. At June 30, 2025, the margin was 1.375%.

Our effective interest rate reflects the drivers of our cash interest payments as of June 30, 2025, which can change based upon the reset of the rates. Including the amortization of the upfront payments, our effective interest rate as of June 30, 2025, was 5.5%.

The below table summarizes our change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash.

Net Cash (Used in)/Provided by Operating Activities

We reported net cash used in operations of $220.0 million for the first nine months of fiscal year 2025, compared to net cash provided by operations of $351.4 million for the nine months of fiscal year 2024.

Through fiscal year 2025, we have experienced delays in cash collections from two of our larger customers.

Within our U.S. Federal Services Segment, we have experienced significant administrative delays in cash collections on one of our large programs, resulting in reduced cash inflows. Since June 30, 2025, we have made progress in resolving these issues and collected over $300 million of past-due receivables.

Within our U.S. Services Segment, we have experienced delays related to a pending contractual extension of our work on a large state-based program. This extension was executed in July, and we have subsequently billed approximately $224 million, which had previously been held as unbilled receivables.

These delays are reflected in Days Sales Outstanding ("DSO") at June 30, 2025, which were 96 days, compared with 61 days at September 30, 2024. Excluding the effects of the RPA, DSO would have been 106 days and 65 days, respectively.

As a result of the resolution of these two matters, we anticipate that we will receive a significant benefit to operating cash flows in the final quarter of the fiscal year.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

We reported net cash used in investing activities of $57.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal year 2025, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $97.2 million for the first nine months of fiscal year 2024.

We continue to make investments in our capital base, most notably in upgrading technology on our Federal MDE contracts, which was completed in the third quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Financing Activities

We reported net cash provided by financing activities of $146.8 million for the first nine months of fiscal year 2025, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $229.8 million for the first nine months of fiscal year 2024.

We have utilized our credit facilities in fiscal year 2025 to cover the short-term delays in collections noted above. In addition, we have utilized $306.4 million to repurchase approximately 4.1 million of our common shares.

Credit Facilities

Our principal debt agreement is with JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. (the "Credit Agreement"). At June 30, 2025, we owed $1.67 billion under the Credit Agreement, with access to approximately $440 million through a revolving credit facility. Our principal loans mature in May 2029 and May 2031, when the remaining balances must be renegotiated or repaid in full. As disclosed above, we expanded one of our term loans by $250 million in March 2025. The revolving facility also matures in May 2029. In addition, our term loans require quarterly mandatory repayments.

The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants. Failure to meet these requirements would result in a need to renegotiate the agreement, seek a waiver, or a requirement to repay our outstanding debt in full. There are two financial covenants, both defined in the Credit Agreement:

•Our Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio means, for any twelve-month period, the ratio of our Funded Debt (as defined by the Credit Agreement), offset by up to $150 million of unrestricted cash (Consolidated Net Total Leverage), against our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined by the Credit Agreement). To comply with our Credit Agreement, this ratio cannot exceed 4.00:1.00 at the end of each quarter, with a step up to 4.50:1.00 under certain circumstances. This ratio also determines both our interest rate and the charge we pay on the unused component of our revolving credit facility, with the charge increasing as the Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio increases.

•Our Consolidated Net Interest Coverage Ratio means, for any twelve-month period, the ratio of our Consolidated EBITDA against our Consolidated Net Interest Expense, as defined by the Credit Agreement. To comply with our Credit Agreement, this ratio cannot be less than 3.00:1.00 at the end of each quarter.

Consolidated EBITDA also drives certain permissions within the Credit Agreement, such as the level of investment we are entitled to make without seeking additional approval from our lenders.

Our Credit Agreement defines Consolidated EBITDA, as well as other components of the calculations above. The definition of Consolidated EBITDA requires us to include adjustments not typically included within EBITDA, including unusual, non-recurring expenses, certain non-cash adjustments, the pro forma effects of acquisitions and disposals, and estimated synergies from acquisitions. As a result, Consolidated EBITDA as defined by the Credit Agreement may not be comparable to EBITDA or related or similarly titled measures presented by other companies.

We have summarized below the components of our two financial ratio calculations, including the components of Consolidated EBITDA as defined by the Credit Agreement which are included within our financial statements. At June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants of our Credit Agreement. We do not believe that these covenants represent a significant restriction on our ability to operate our business or to pay our dividends.

Cash in Foreign Locations

We have no requirement to remit funds from our foreign locations to the United States. We will continue to explore opportunities to remit additional funds, taking into consideration the working capital requirements and relevant tax rules in each jurisdiction. When we are unable to remit funds back without incurring a penalty, we will consider these funds indefinitely reinvested until such time as these restrictions are changed. As a result, we do not record U.S. deferred income taxes on any funds held in foreign jurisdictions. We have not attempted to calculate our potential liability from any transfer of these funds, as any such transaction might include tax planning strategies that we have not fully explored. Accordingly, it is not possible to estimate the potential tax obligations if we were to remit all of our funds from foreign locations to the United States.

Free Cash Flow (Non-GAAP)