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FIRSTENERGY CORP

For the period ended Sep 30, 2025. Filed Oct 28, 2025.

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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Sep 30, 2025 · Filed Oct 28, 2025

FE$46.48-0.3%Stored close · as of Nov 10, 2026

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Jersey Central Power & Light Company

MANAGEMENT’S NARRATIVE DISCUSSION AND

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

JCP&L is a wholly owned subsidiary of FE. JCP&L conducts business in New Jersey by providing regulated electric transmission and distribution services in northern, western and east central New Jersey. JCP&L procures electric supply to serve its BGS customers through a statewide auction process approved by the NJBPU. JCP&L is subject to regulation by the NJBPU and FERC.

JCP&L's reportable operating segments are comprised of the Distribution and Transmission segments.

The Distribution segment, representing $3.3 billion in rate base as of December 31, 2024, distributes electricity to approximately 1.2 million customers in New Jersey across its distribution footprint. The segment’s results reflect the costs of securing and delivering electric generation to customers, including the deferral and amortization of certain costs.

The Transmission segment includes transmission infrastructure owned and operated by JCP&L and used to transmit electricity, representing $1.4 billion in rate base as of December 31, 2024. The segment’s revenues are primarily derived from forward-looking formula rates, pursuant to which the revenue requirement is updated annually based on a projected rate base and projected costs, which is subject to an annual true-up based on actual rate base and costs. The segment’s results also reflect the net transmission expenses related to the delivery of electricity on JCP&L’s transmission facilities.

For additional information with respect to JCP&L, please see the information contained in FirstEnergy’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the following subheadings, which information is incorporated by reference herein: Executive Summary and Recent Developments, Regulatory Assets and Liabilities, Capital Resources and Liquidity, Guarantees and Other Assurances, Market Risk Information, Credit Risk, Outlook and New Accounting Pronouncements.

Summary of Results of Operations—Third Quarter 2025 Compared with Third Quarter 2024

Financial results for JCP&L's business segments for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively were as follows:

Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results · Reconciling
(In millions)DistributionTransmissionAdjustmentsJCP&L
Revenues$841$67$(44)$864
Operating Expenses:
Purchased power451——451
Other operating expenses18517(44)158
Provision for depreciation5313—66
Amortization of regulatory assets, net11——11
General taxes6——6
Total operating expenses70630(44)692
Other Income (Expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net14(1)—13
Interest expense - other(25)(9)—(34)
Interest expense - affiliates(3)——(3)
Capitalized financing costs48—12
Total other expense(10)(2)—(12)
Income taxes329—41
Net Income$93$26$—$119
Third Quarter 2024 Financial Results · Reconciling
(In millions)DistributionTransmissionAdjustmentsJCP&L
Revenues:$747$57$(39)$765
Operating Expenses:
Purchased power384——384
Other operating expenses20315(39)179
Provision for depreciation5012—62
Deferral of regulatory assets, net(25)——(25)
General taxes5——5
Total operating expenses61727(39)605
Other Income (Expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net12(1)—11
Interest expense - other(17)(5)—(22)
Interest expense - affiliates(5)——(5)
Capitalized financing costs15—6
Total other expense(9)(1)—(10)
Income taxes338—41
Net Income$88$21$—$109
Changes Between Third Quarter 2025 and Third Quarter 2024 Financial Results · Reconciling
(In millions)DistributionTransmissionAdjustmentsJCP&L
Revenues$94$10$(5)$99
Operating Expenses:
Purchased power67——67
Other operating expenses(18)2(5)(21)
Provision for depreciation31—4
Amortization (deferral) of regulatory assets, net36——36
General taxes1——1
Total operating expenses893(5)87
OPERATING INCOME57—12
Other Income (Expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net2——2
Interest expense - other(8)(4)—(12)
Interest expense - affiliates2——2
Capitalized financing costs33—6
Total other expense(1)(1)—(2)
Income taxes(1)1——
Net Income$5$5$—$10

JCP&L’s Distribution - Results of Operations

Net income increased $5 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due tolower operating expenses and a lower effective tax rate, partially offset by lower customer usage and demand.

The $94 million increase in total revenues resulted from the following sources:

For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Revenues by Type of Service20252024Increase / (Decrease)
(In millions)
Distribution services$365$373$(8)
Generation sales:
Retail470367103
Wholesale22—
Total generation sales472369103
Other45(1)
Total Revenues$841$747$94

Distribution services revenue decreased $8 million during the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to lower customer usage and demand.

Generation sales revenues increased $103 million during the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher non-shopping generation auction rates, partially offset by increased shopping, which decreased retail sales volumes. Total generation provided by alternative suppliers as a percentage of total MWh deliveries in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, increased to 37% from 35%. Retail generation sales have no material impact to earnings.

Total operating expenses increased by $89 million primarily due to:

Purchased power costs, which have no material impact to earnings, increased by $67 million during the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher unit costs, partially offset by lower sales volumes.

Other operating expenses decreased $18 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to:

The absence of a $9 million impairment charge related to the Akron general office in the third quarter of 2024; and

Lower storm restoration expenses of $32 million, which were mostly deferred for future recovery.

Higher energy efficiency and other state mandated program costs of $11 million, which were deferred for future recovery, resulting in no material impact to earnings; and

Higher other operating expenses of $12 million, primarily due to higher employee benefit costs and higher material and contractor spend, partially offset by increased construction support and lower maintenance work.

Depreciation expense increased $3 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to a higher asset base.

Deferral of regulatory assets, net decreased $36 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to a $23 million decrease from lower deferral of storm restoration expenses, a $3 million decrease due to the absence of the amortization of a regulatory liability related to customer refunds in 2024, and a $13 million net decrease from lower generation and transmission related deferrals, partially offset by $3 million related to net increases in other deferrals.

General taxes increased $1 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher property taxes.

Total other expenses increased $1 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to long-term debt issuances since the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by higher capitalized interest and lower interest on short-term borrowings.

The distribution segment's effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, was 25.6% and 27.3%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to an increase in the tax benefit from AFUDC equity flow-through.

JCP&L’s Transmission - Results of Operations

Net income increased $5 million in thethird quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher revenues from regulated transmission investments that increased rate base and higher capitalized financing costs.

Transmission revenue increased $10 million during the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to a higher rate base and the recovery of higher transmission operating expenses.

Total operating expenses increased by $3 million during the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher operating and maintenance expenses and higher depreciation and property tax expenses from a higher asset base. Nearly all operating expenses are recovered through formula rates, resulting in no material impact on current period earnings.

Total other expenses increased by $1 million during the third quarter of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher interest expenses on new long-term debt issuances, partially offset by higher capitalized financing costs.

The transmission segment's effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, was 25.7% and 27.6%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to an increase in the tax benefit from AFUDC equity flow-through.

Summary of Results of Operations —First Nine Months of 2025 Compared with First Nine Months of 2024

Financial results for JCP&L's business segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were as follows:

First Nine Months 2025 Financial Results · Reconciling
(In millions)DistributionTransmissionAdjustmentsJCP&L
Revenues$1,962$191$(131)$2,022
Operating Expenses:
Purchased power1,052——1,052
Other operating expenses52542(131)436
Provision for depreciation15937—196
Deferral of regulatory assets, net(25)——(25)
General taxes171—18
Total operating expenses1,72880(131)1,677
Other Income (Expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net37(1)—36
Interest expense - other(69)(24)—(93)
Interest expense - affiliates(6)——(6)
Capitalized financing costs1021—31
Total other expense(28)(4)—(32)
Income taxes5425—79
Net Income$152$82$—$234
First Nine Months 2024 Financial Results · Reconciling
(In millions)DistributionTransmissionAdjustmentsJCP&L
Revenues:$1,728$175$(115)$1,788
Operating Expenses:
Purchased power898——898
Other operating expenses59346(115)524
Provision for depreciation15134—185
Deferral of regulatory assets, net(98)——(98)
General taxes151—16
Total operating expenses1,55981(115)1,525
Other Income (Expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net33(10)—23
Interest expense - other(57)(17)—(74)
Interest expense - affiliates(15)——(15)
Capitalized financing costs514—19
Total other expense(34)(13)—(47)
Income taxes3622—58
Net Income$99$59$—$158
Changes Between First Nine Months Ended 2025 and First Nine Months Ended 2024 Financial Results · Reconciling
(In millions)DistributionTransmissionAdjustmentsJCP&L
Revenues$234$16$(16)$234
Operating Expenses:
Purchased power154——154
Other operating expenses(68)(4)(16)(88)
Provision for depreciation83—11
Deferral of regulatory assets, net73——73
General taxes2——2
Total operating expenses169(1)(16)152
OPERATING INCOME6517—82
Other Income (Expense):
Miscellaneous income (expense), net49—13
Interest expense - other(12)(7)—(19)
Interest expense - affiliates9——9
Capitalized financing costs57—12
Total other expense69—15
Income taxes183—21
Net Income$53$23$—$76

JCP&L’s Distribution - Results of Operations

Net income increased$53 million in the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher revenues from the implementation of the base rate case in February 2024, the absence of a $53 million charge in connection with the base rate case settlement agreement, as further discussed below, higher customer usage and demand, and higher rider revenues associated with regulated investment programs.

The $234 million increase in total revenues resulted from the following sources:

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Revenues by Type of Service20252024Increase / (Decrease)
(In millions)
Distribution services$900$856$44
Generation sales:
Retail1,046852194
Wholesale34(1)
Total generation sales1,049856193
Other1316(3)
Total Revenues$1,962$1,728$234

Distribution services revenue increased $44 million during the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher revenues from the implementation of the base rate case in February 2024, higher customer usage and demand, and higher rider revenues associated with certain regulated investment programs.

Generation sales revenues increased $193 million during the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher non-shopping generation auction rates, partially offset by increased shopping, which decreased sales volumes. Total generation provided by alternative suppliers as a percentage of total MWh deliveries in the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, increased to 38% from 37%. Retail generation sales have no material impact to earnings.

Total operating expenses increased by $169 million primarily due to:

Purchased power costs, which have no material impact to earnings, increased by $154 million during the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher unit costs.

Other operating expenses decreased $68 million in the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to:

The absence of a $53 million pre-tax charge at JCP&L in the first quarter 2024 associated with certain corporate support costs recorded to capital accounts from the FERC Audit that were determined, as a result of the base rate case settlement agreement, to be disallowed from future recovery;

The absence of a $9 million impairment charge related to the Akron general office in the third quarter of 2024; and

Lower storm restoration expenses of $56 million, which were mostly deferred for future recovery.

Higher uncollectible expenses of $4 million, which were deferred for future recovery;

Higher energy efficiency and other state mandated program costs of $29 million, which were deferred for future recovery, resulting in no material impact to earnings; and

Higher other operating expenses of $17 million, primarily due to severance and related costs associated with FirstEnergy’s organizational changes announced in the first quarter of 2025, higher employee benefit costs, and higher material and contractor spend, partially offset by increased construction support and lower maintenance work.

Depreciation expense increased $8 million in the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to a higher asset base.

Deferral of regulatory assets, net decreased $73 million in the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to a $51 million decrease from lower deferral of storm restoration expenses, a $19 million decrease due to the absence of the amortization of a regulatory liability related to customer refunds in 2024, and a $11 million net decrease from lower generation and transmission related deferrals, partially offset by $12 million related to net increases in other deferrals.

Total other expenses decreased$6 million in the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to lower interest on short-term borrowings and higher capitalized interest, partially offset by long-term debt issuances since the third quarter of 2024.

The distribution segment's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, was 26.2% and 26.7%, respectively.

JCP&L’s Transmission - Results of Operations

Net income increased $23 million in thefirst nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to higher revenues from regulated transmission investments that increased rate base, higher capitalized financing costs and the absence of a non-recoverable charge related to an abandoned transmission project in the second quarter 2024.

Transmission revenue increased $16 million during the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due tohigher revenues from regulated transmission investments that increased rate base, partially offset by recovery of lower transmission operating expenses.

Total operating expenses decreased by $1 million during the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to lower operating and maintenance expenses, partially offset by higher depreciation and property tax expenses from a higher asset base. Nearly all operating expenses are recovered through formula rates, resulting in no material impact on current period earnings.

Total other expenses decreased by $9 million during the first nine months of 2025, as compared to the same period of 2024, primarily due to the absence of a non-recoverable charge related to an abandoned transmission project in the second quarter 2024 and higher capitalized financing costs, partially offset by higher interest expenses on new long-term debt issuances.

The transmission segment's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, was 23.4% and 27.2%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to an increase in the tax benefit from AFUDC equity flow-through.

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