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ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP

For the period ended Jun 30, 2025. Filed Aug 1, 2025.

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About this filing

A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.

Jun 30, 2025 · Filed Aug 1, 2025

EFSC$62.05-0.4%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
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Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations34
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk58
Item 4. Controls and Procedures60
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings60
Item 1A. Risk Factors60
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds60
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities60
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures60
Item 5. Other Information60
Item 6. Exhibits62
Signatures64

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations and Entities

The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q, including the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

ACLAllowance for Credit LossesFederal ReserveBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
ASUAccounting Standards UpdateFHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
BankEnterprise Bank & TrustGAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States)
C&ICommercial and IndustrialGDPGross Domestic Product
CCBCapital Conservation BufferNIMNet Interest Margin
CECLCurrent Expected Credit LossNMNot meaningful
Company, Enterprise, We, Us or OurEnterprise Financial Services Corp and SubsidiariesOREOOther real estate owned
CRECommercial Real EstatePPNRPre-provision net revenue
EFSCEnterprise Financial Services CorpSBASmall Business Administration
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards BoardSECSecurities and Exchange Commission
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationSOFRSecured Overnight Financing Rate

PART I - ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except share data)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks$252,817$270,975
Federal funds sold11,0705,706
Interest-earning deposits227,633487,489
Total cash and cash equivalents491,520764,170
Interest-earning deposits greater than 90 days8991,881
Securities available-for-sale2,204,5111,862,270
Securities held-to-maturity, net1,091,238928,935
Loans held-for-sale586110
Loans11,408,84011,220,355
Allowance for credit losses on loans(145,133)(137,950)
Total loans, net11,263,70711,082,405
Other investments88,59872,784
Fixed assets, net48,63945,009
Goodwill365,164365,164
Intangible assets, net6,8768,484
Other assets514,561465,219
Total assets$16,076,299$15,596,431
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Noninterest-bearing demand accounts$4,322,332$4,484,072
Interest-bearing demand accounts3,184,6703,175,292
Money market accounts3,676,1973,564,063
Savings accounts532,835553,461
Certificates of deposit:
Brokered752,422484,588
Customer848,903885,016
Total deposits13,317,35913,146,492
Subordinated debentures and notes156,796156,551
FHLB advances294,000—
Other borrowings210,641280,821
Other liabilities174,604188,565
Total liabilities$14,153,400$13,772,429
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 5)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 75,000 shares issued and outstanding ($1,000 per share liquidation preference)71,98871,988
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 36,949,923 and 36,987,728 shares issued and outstanding369370
Additional paid in capital991,663990,733
Retained earnings947,864877,629
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net(88,985)(116,718)
Total stockholders’ equity1,922,8991,824,002
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$16,076,299$15,596,431

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
($ in thousands, except per share data)2025202420252024
Interest income:
Loans$187,845$189,211$369,757$375,775
Debt securities:
Taxable19,31011,76536,52723,184
Nontaxable7,8145,79814,93311,563
Interest-earning deposits3,3684,3898,4927,958
Dividends on equity securities6304811,038887
Total interest income218,967211,644430,747419,367
Interest expense:
Deposits59,97966,374119,245130,847
Subordinated debentures and notes2,7372,6845,2995,168
FHLB advances1,8015612,0881,590
Other borrowings1,6881,4963,8373,505
Total interest expense66,20571,115130,469141,110
Net interest income152,762140,529300,278278,257
Provision for credit losses3,4704,8198,65410,575
Net interest income after provision for credit losses149,292135,710291,624267,682
Noninterest income:
Deposit service charges4,9404,5429,3608,965
Wealth management revenue2,5842,5905,2435,134
Card services revenue2,4442,4974,8394,909
Tax credit income (loss)2,2071,8744,817(316)
Other income8,4293,99114,8288,960
Total noninterest income20,60415,49439,08727,652
Noninterest expense:
Employee compensation and benefits50,16444,52498,37289,786
Deposit costs24,76521,70648,58841,983
Occupancy5,0654,1979,4958,523
Data processing4,7135,3399,5229,678
Professional fees2,0291,2983,7572,733
Other expense18,96616,95335,75134,815
Total noninterest expense105,70294,017205,485187,518
Income before income tax expense64,19457,187125,226107,816
Income tax expense12,81011,74123,88121,969
Net income$51,384$45,446$101,345$85,847
Dividends on preferred stock9379371,8751,875
Net income available to common stockholders$50,447$44,509$99,470$83,972
Earnings per common share
Basic$1.36$1.19$2.69$2.24
Diluted1.361.192.672.24

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
($ in thousands)2025202420252024
Net income$51,384$45,446$101,345$85,847
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities11,348(5,375)24,233(16,448)
Reclassification of gain on the sale of available-for-sale securities——(80)—
Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities(607)(619)(1,219)(1,245)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges1,362(1,175)4,355(4,117)
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges303421444686
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax12,406(6,748)27,733(21,124)
Total comprehensive income$63,790$38,698$129,078$64,723

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

Preferred Stock · Common Stock
($ in thousands, except per share data)SharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulatedOtherComprehensive Income (Loss)TotalStockholders’ Equity
Balance at March 31, 202575$71,98836,928$369$988,554$908,553$(101,391)$1,868,073
Net income—————51,384—51,384
Other comprehensive income——————12,40612,406
Common stock dividends ($0.30 per share)—————(11,081)—(11,081)
Preferred stock dividends ($12.50 per share)—————(937)—(937)
Issuance under equity compensation plans, net——22—45(55)—(10)
Stock-based compensation————3,064——3,064
Balance at June 30, 202575$71,98836,950$369$991,663$947,864$(88,985)$1,922,899
Balance at December 31, 202475$71,98836,988$370$990,733$877,629$(116,718)$1,824,002
Net income—————101,345—101,345
Other comprehensive income——————27,73327,733
Common stock dividends ($0.59 per share)—————(21,798)—(21,798)
Preferred stock dividends ($25.00 per share)—————(1,875)—(1,875)
Repurchase of common stock——(192)(2)(5,152)(5,476)—(10,630)
Issuance under equity compensation plans, net——1541(110)(1,961)—(2,070)
Stock-based compensation————6,192——6,192
Balance at June 30, 202575$71,98836,950$369$991,663$947,864$(88,985)$1,922,899
Preferred Stock · Common Stock
($ in thousands, except per share data)SharesAmountSharesAmountAdditional Paid in CapitalRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at March 31, 202475$71,98837,515$375$995,969$778,784$(115,391)$1,731,725
Net income—————45,446—45,446
Other comprehensive loss——————(6,748)(6,748)
Common stock dividends ($0.26 per share)—————(9,728)—(9,728)
Preferred stock dividends ($12.50 per share)—————(937)—(937)
Repurchase of common stock——(225)(2)(5,994)(2,600)—(8,596)
Issuance under equity compensation plans, net——54—1,502(30)—1,472
Stock-based compensation————2,639——2,639
Balance at June 30, 202475$71,98837,344$373$994,116$810,935$(122,139)$1,755,273
Balance at December 31, 202375$71,98837,416$374$995,208$749,513$(101,015)$1,716,068
Net income—————85,847—85,847
Other comprehensive loss——————(21,124)(21,124)
Common stock dividends ($0.51 per share)—————(19,106)—(19,106)
Preferred stock dividends ($25.00 per share)—————(1,875)—(1,875)
Repurchase of common stock——(225)(2)(5,994)(2,600)—(8,596)
Issuance under equity compensation plans, net——1531(112)(844)—(955)
Stock-based compensation————5,014——5,014
Balance at June 30, 202475$71,98837,344$373$994,116$810,935$(122,139)$1,755,273

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Six months ended June 30,
($ in thousands)20252024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$101,345$85,847
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation3,0912,591
Provision for credit losses8,65410,575
Deferred income taxes(2,789)939
Net amortization of discount/premiums on debt securities2,0852,056
Net amortization on loans9751,004
Amortization of intangible assets1,6081,991
Amortization of servicing assets476606
Mortgage loans originated-for-sale(12,150)(14,177)
Proceeds from mortgage loans sold11,74414,017
Net loss (gain) on:
Sale of investment securities(106)—
Sale of SBA loans(3,048)(1,415)
Sale of other real estate(79)2
Sale of state tax credits(110)(769)
Stock-based compensation6,1925,014
Net change in other assets and liabilities(16,579)(1,884)
Net cash provided by operating activities101,309106,397
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net increase in loans(255,212)(150,911)
Proceeds received from:
Sale of debt securities, available-for-sale9,631—
Paydown or maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale198,032107,671
Paydown or maturity of debt securities, held-to-maturity9,4003,471
Redemption of other investments63,14450,387
Sale of SBA loans60,02825,090
Sale of state tax credits held for sale7254,319
Sale of other real estate3,619207
Settlement of bank-owned life insurance policies2,079—
Payments for the purchase of:
Available-for-sale debt securities(488,484)(127,647)
Held-to-maturity debt securities(175,052)(28,480)
Other investments(78,102)(57,134)
Bank owned life insurance(75,000)—
State tax credits held for sale(360)(2,803)
Fixed assets(6,721)(4,741)
Net cash used in investing activities(732,273)(180,571)
Six months ended June 30,
($ in thousands)20252024
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net decrease in noninterest-bearing deposit accounts(161,740)(30,435)
Net increase in interest-bearing deposit accounts332,607136,447
Net increase in short term FHLB advances, net294,00078,000
Repayments of notes payable—(11,429)
Net decrease in other borrowings(70,180)(108,131)
Repurchase of common stock(10,630)(8,596)
Cash dividends paid on common stock(21,798)(19,106)
Cash dividends paid on preferred stock(1,875)(1,875)
Other(2,070)(955)
Net cash provided by financing activities358,31433,920
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents(272,650)(40,254)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period764,170433,029
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$491,520$392,775
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest$130,213$142,563
Income taxes24,62614,401
Noncash investing and financing transactions:
Transfer to other bank owned assets7,8213,219
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations—985

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1 -SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The significant accounting policies used by the Company in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are summarized below:

Business and Consolidation

Enterprise is a financial holding company that provides a full range of banking and wealth management services to individuals and corporate customers primarily located in Arizona, California, Florida, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, and New Mexico, and SBA loan and deposit productions offices throughout the country through its banking subsidiary, Enterprise Bank & Trust.

Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2025. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC.

Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the statements of financial position, results of operations, and cash flow for the interim periods.

Acquisitions

On April 28, 2025, the Company announced its pending acquisition via purchase and assumption agreement with First Interstate Bank (“First Interstate”) pursuant to which the Bank will acquire twelve branches (the “Branches”) from First Interstate, including certain deposits and loans, and the owned real estate and fixed and other assets associated with the Branches. The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025. The Bank has received regulatory approval for the purchase of the Branches, and the transaction is subject to satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

FASB ASU 2023-09, Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 was issued in December 2023 to require annual disclosures on specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Annual disclosures are required on income taxes paid, including the amounts paid for federal, state and foreign taxes and the amount paid in individual jurisdictions if the amount is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). Additional annual disclosures are required on pre-tax income from continuing operations and income tax expense, disaggregated by domestic and foreign amounts. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2023-09 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. ASU 2024-03 was issued in November 2024 to require public business entities to provide disaggregated disclosures, in the notes to the financial statements, of certain categories of expenses that are included in expense line items on the face of the income statement. The amendments in this update improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2024-03 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 -EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method.

The following table presents a summary of per common share data and amounts for the periods indicated.

Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)2025202420252024
Net income available to common stockholders$50,447$44,509$99,470$83,972
Weighted average common shares outstanding36,96337,48536,96737,488
Additional dilutive common stock equivalents2095525776
Weighted average common diluted shares outstanding37,17237,54037,22437,564
Basic earnings per common share:$1.36$1.19$2.69$2.24
Diluted earnings per common share:1.361.192.672.24

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, common stock equivalents of approximately 353,000 and 258,000, respectively, were excluded from the earnings per share calculations because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Comparatively, there were 634,000 and 621,000 common stock equivalents excluded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 3 -INVESTMENTS

The following tables present the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity:

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Amortized CostGrossUnrealized GainsGrossUnrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises$252,037$125$(9,792)$242,370
Obligations of states and political subdivisions547,277257(83,482)464,052
Agency mortgage-backed securities1,395,6018,368(45,459)1,358,510
U.S. Treasury bills116,99211(948)116,055
Corporate debt securities23,69881(255)23,524
Total securities available-for-sale$2,335,605$8,842$(139,936)$2,204,511
Held-to-maturity securities:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions$928,973$2,372$(68,867)$862,478
Agency mortgage-backed securities45,922—(3,866)42,056
Corporate debt securities116,638297(5,080)111,855
Total securities held-to-maturity$1,091,533$2,669$(77,813)$1,016,389
Allowance for credit losses(295)
Total securities held-to-maturity, net$1,091,238
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Amortized CostGrossUnrealized GainsGrossUnrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises$290,329$69$(14,358)$276,040
Obligations of states and political subdivisions492,89612(83,711)409,197
Agency mortgage-backed securities1,090,4951,072(64,173)1,027,394
U.S. Treasury Bills130,56534(1,706)128,893
Corporate debt securities21,198—(452)20,746
Total securities available-for-sale$2,025,483$1,187$(164,400)$1,862,270
Held-to-maturity securities:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions$759,059$2,366$(60,351)$701,074
Agency mortgage-backed securities47,912—(5,004)42,908
Corporate debt securities122,221269(7,601)114,889
Total securities held-to-maturity$929,192$2,635$(72,956)$858,871
Allowance for credit losses(257)
Total securities held-to-maturity, net$928,935

The balance of held-to-maturity securities in the “Amortized Cost” column in the table above includes a cumulative net unamortized unrealized gain of $9.2 million and $10.8 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Such amounts are amortized over the remaining life of the securities.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity, other than U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises. The agency mortgage-backed securities are all issued by U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises. Securities of $1.7 billion and $1.5 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure deposits of public institutions and for other purposes as required by law or contract provisions, in addition to collateral securing borrowing bases with the FHLB and the Federal Reserve.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The weighted average life of the mortgage-backed securities is approximatelysix years.

Available-for-saleHeld-to-maturity
($ in thousands)Amortized CostEstimated Fair ValueAmortized CostEstimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less$171,956$170,028$4,527$4,518
Due after one year through five years177,526171,763125,076120,366
Due after five years through ten years294,410253,855235,371230,589
Due after ten years296,112250,355680,637618,860
Agency mortgage-backed securities1,395,6011,358,51045,92242,056
$2,335,605$2,204,511$1,091,533$1,016,389

The following tables presents a summary of available-for-sale investment securities in an unrealized loss position:

June 30, 2025
Less than 12 months · 12 months or more · Total
($ in thousands) · Fair Value · Unrealized Losses · Fair Value · Unrealized Losses · Fair Value · Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises$8,521$25$220,414$9,767$228,935$9,792
Obligations of states and political subdivisions9,484210402,77683,272412,26083,482
Agency mortgage-backed securities90,2361,345439,82944,114530,06545,459
U.S. Treasury bills37,8862342,46592580,351948
Corporate debt securities1,960396,5342168,494255
$148,087$1,642$1,112,018$138,294$1,260,105$139,936
December 31, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
($ in thousands)Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises$21,044$132$234,191$14,226$255,235$14,358
Obligations of states and political subdivisions3,117143403,76783,568406,88483,711
Agency mortgage-backed securities423,6006,763478,79057,410902,39064,173
U.S. Treasury bills11,7082354,1771,68365,8851,706
Corporate debt securities1,956448,34240810,298452
$461,425$7,105$1,179,267$157,295$1,640,692$164,400

The unrealized losses at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were attributable primarily to changes in market interest rates after the securities were purchased. At each of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company didnot have an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities.

Accrued interest on held-to-maturity debt securities totaled $10.7 million and $8.6 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The ACL on held-to-maturity securities was $0.3 million at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

There wereno sales of available-for-sale securities during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, or the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company sold $9.5 million of available-for-sale securities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 for a gain of $0.1 million.

Other Investments

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, other investments totaled $88.6 million and $72.8 million, respectively. As a member of the FHLB system administered by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum investment in capital stock with the FHLB consisting of membership stock and activity-based stock. The FHLB capital stock of $22.6 million at June 30, 2025 and $8.7 million at December 31, 2024 is recorded at cost, which represents redemption value, and is included in other investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The remaining amounts in other investments primarily include investments in Small Business Investment Companies, Community Development Financial Institutions, private equity investments, and the Company’s investment in unconsolidated trusts used to issue trust preferred securities to third parties.

NOTE 4 -LOANS

The following table presents a summary of loans by category:

($ in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial$4,875,484$4,720,428
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned2,741,5932,607,755
Commercial - owner occupied2,326,4312,359,956
Construction and land development846,143892,563
Residential363,836358,923
Total real estate loans6,278,0036,219,197
Other257,161281,193
Loans, before unearned loan fees11,410,64811,220,818
Unearned loan fees, net(1,808)(463)
Loans, including unearned loan fees$11,408,840$11,220,355

The loan balance includes a net premium on acquired loans of $7.1 million and $7.8 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans and securities of $6.3 billion and $5.7 billion, respectively, were pledged to the FHLB and the Federal Reserve.

Accrued interest totaled $55.8 million and $52.4 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was reported in “Other Assets” on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company sold $24.4 million and $55.7 million of the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. A gain on sale of $1.2 million and $3.0 million was recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company sold the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans of $23.1 million resulting in a gain on sale of $1.4 million. There were no sales in the three months ended June 30, 2024.

The Company had an immaterial amount of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in process of foreclosure as of June 30, 2025, compared to none at December 31, 2024.

A summary of the activity, by loan category, in the ACL on loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

($ in thousands)Commercial and industrialCRE - investor ownedCRE - owner occupiedConstruction and land developmentResidential real estateOtherTotal
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at March 31, 2025$69,887$30,551$18,360$12,114$7,744$4,288$142,944
Provision (benefit) for credit losses1,748(404)(111)991974(379)2,819
Charge-offs(2,422)—(672)(146)(369)(188)(3,797)
Recoveries2,86842665135513,167
Balance at June 30, 2025$72,081$30,189$17,643$12,964$8,484$3,772$145,133
($ in thousands)Commercial and industrialCRE - investor ownedCRE - owner occupiedConstruction and land developmentResidential real estateOtherTotal
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at December 31, 2024$63,231$34,217$20,400$9,837$6,534$3,731$137,950
Provision (benefit) for credit losses7,496(4,155)(2,077)3,2552,0302056,754
Charge-offs(3,013)—(1,034)(146)(594)(295)(5,082)
Recoveries4,367127354185141315,511
Balance at June 30, 2025$72,081$30,189$17,643$12,964$8,484$3,772$145,133
($ in thousands)Commercial and industrialCRE - investor ownedCRE - owner occupiedConstruction and land developmentResidential real estateOtherTotal
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at March 31, 2024$58,714$31,196$24,807$9,825$6,479$4,477$135,498
Provision (benefit) for credit losses1,8087241,2531,655(1,087)2184,571
Charge-offs(556)(17)(1,755)—(244)(158)(2,730)
Recoveries1,512—11244401382,125
Balance at June 30, 2024$61,478$31,903$24,316$11,504$5,588$4,675$139,464
($ in thousands)Commercial and industrialCRE - investor ownedCRE - owner occupiedConstruction and land developmentResidential real estateOtherTotal
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Balance at December 31, 2023$58,886$31,280$23,405$10,198$6,142$4,860$134,771
Provision (benefit) for credit losses6,7868642,7531,276(681)16411,162
Charge-offs(5,909)(322)(1,867)—(741)(541)(9,380)
Recoveries1,7158125308681922,911
Balance at June 30, 2024$61,478$31,903$24,316$11,504$5,588$4,675$139,464

The ACL on sponsor finance loans, which is included in the categories above, represented $26.5 million and $14.5 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The CECL methodology incorporates various economic scenarios. The Company utilizes three forecasts in the model: Moody’s baseline, a stronger near-term growth upside and a moderate downside forecast. The Company weights these scenarios at 40%,30%, and 30%, respectively, which added approximately $11.1 million to the ACL on loans over the baseline model at June 30, 2025. The baseline forecast incorporates an expectation that the federal funds rate will continue to fall in 2025. The Company has also recognized various risks posed by loans in certain segments, including the commercial office sector, by allocating additional reserves to those segments. Some of the key risks to the forecasts that could result in future provision for credit losses are market reactions to the Federal Reserve policy actions that could push the economy into a recession, persistently higher inflation (including the impact of tariffs), tightening in the credit markets, and further weakness in the financial system.

In addition to the CECL methodology, the Company incorporates qualitative adjustments into the ACL on loans to capture credit risks inherent within the loan portfolio that are not captured in the CECL model. Included in these risks are 1) changes in lending policies and procedures, 2) actual and expected changes in business and economic conditions, 3) changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio, 4) changes in lending management, 5) changes in volume and the severity of past due loans, 6) changes in the quality of the loan review system, 7) changes in the value of underlying collateral, 8) the existence and effect of concentrations of credit and 9) other factors such as the regulatory, legal and competitive environments and events such as natural disasters and pandemics. At June 30, 2025, the ACL on loans included a qualitative adjustment of approximately $40.6 million. Of this amount, approximately $19.6 million was allocated to sponsor finance loans due to their mostly unsecured nature.

The current year-to-date gross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination is presented in the following tables:

Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands) · 2025 · 2024 · 2023 · 2022 · 2021 · Prior · Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans · Revolving Loans · Total
Commercial and industrial$—$1,002$—$243$—$685$168$787$2,885
Real estate:
Commercial - owner occupied——285—80669——1,034
Construction and land development———146————146
Residential—————32841225594
Other—————35—8
Total charge-offs by origination year$—$1,002$285$389$80$1,685$214$1,012$4,667
Total gross charge-offs by performing status415
Total gross charge-offs$5,082
Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands) · 2024 · 2023 · 2022 · 2021 · 2020 · Prior · Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans · Revolving Loans · Total
Commercial and industrial$312$2,646$3,043$35$166$772$2,205$3,589$12,768
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned———252—448——700
Commercial - owner occupied——41475102,548——3,074
Construction and land development————3,224———3,224
Residential——16615—47120224878
Other417—58—791031262
Total charge-offs by origination year$316$2,663$3,250$835$3,400$4,318$2,510$3,614$20,906
Total gross charge-offs by performing status968
Total gross charge-offs$21,874

Nonperforming loans were $105.8 million at June 30, 2025, compared to $42.7 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in nonperforming loans largely reflects two borrowing relationships sharing a common general partner where the entities filed bankruptcy as a result of a business dispute between partners. The loans are well secured with both collateral and strong guarantees, and as the Company expects to collect the balance of the loans, there are no individual reserves on these loans. The following tables present the recorded investment in nonperforming loans by category, excluding government guaranteed balances:

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)NonaccrualLoans over 90 days past due and still accruing interestTotal nonperforming loansNonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial$15,244$126$15,370$1,665
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned33,63743,08576,72221,557
Commercial - owner occupied6,7082896,9975,899
Residential1,1635,5266,689905
Other—2929—
Total$56,752$49,055$105,807$30,026
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)NonaccrualLoans over 90 days past due and still accruing interestTotal nonperforming loansNonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial$15,810$11$15,821$4,279
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned14,186—14,1862,106
Commercial - owner occupied10,910—10,9108,235
Construction and land development1,503—1,5031,503
Residential258—258—
Other—99—
Total$42,667$20$42,687$16,123

The nonperforming loan balances at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 exclude government guaranteed balances of $26.5 million and $22.0 million respectively.

Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was immaterial during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Collateral-dependent nonperforming loans by class of loan is presented as of the dates indicated:

June 30, 2025
Type of Collateral
($ in thousands)Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateBlanket LienOther
Commercial and industrial$—$26$1,718$3,856
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned75,160———
Commercial - owner occupied2,411456——
Residential—6,431——
Total$77,571$6,913$1,718$3,856
December 31, 2024
Type of Collateral
($ in thousands)Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateBlanket LienOther
Commercial and industrial$—$—$4,279$3,495
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned14,136———
Commercial - owner occupied7,521482486—
Total$21,657$482$4,765$3,495

The aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class and category is presented as of the dates indicated.

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands) · 30-89 Days Past Due · 90 or MoreDays Past Due · Total Past Due · Current · Total
Commercial and industrial$15,593$12,528$28,121$4,847,363$4,875,484
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned9,12777,38486,5112,655,0822,741,593
Commercial - owner occupied11,06415,34126,4052,300,0262,326,431
Construction and land development512—512845,631846,143
Residential2,3026,6898,991354,845363,836
Other10730137257,024257,161
Loans, before unearned loan fees$38,705$111,972$150,677$11,259,971$11,410,648
Unearned loan fees, net(1,808)
Total$11,408,840
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands) · 30-89 Days Past Due · 90 or MoreDays Past Due · Total Past Due · Current · Total
Commercial and industrial$1,948$12,228$14,176$4,706,252$4,720,428
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned1,37714,33315,7102,592,0452,607,755
Commercial - owner occupied10,54218,59129,1332,330,8232,359,956
Construction and land development1015,6205,721886,842892,563
Residential2,8332583,091355,832358,923
Other34943281,150281,193
Loans, before unearned loan fees$16,835$51,039$67,874$11,152,944$11,220,818
Unearned loan fees, net(463)
Total$11,220,355

The allowance for credit losses on loans incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses on loans is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company uses a probability of default and loss given default model to determine the allowance for credit losses on loans.

An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. The effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses on loans because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance.

The most common concession the Company provides to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is a term extension. In limited circumstances, the Company may modify loans by providing principal forgiveness or an interest rate reduction. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the asset is written off against the allowance for credit losses on loans. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of the amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses on loans.

In some cases, the Company will modify a loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as an interest rate reduction or principal forgiveness, may be granted.

The following tables show the recorded investment at the end of the dates listed for loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan class and type of concession granted:

Term Extension
Three months endedSix months ended
($ in thousands)June 30, 2025Percent of Total Loan ClassJune 30, 2025Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial$41,0020.84%$44,2110.91%
Real estate:
Commercial - owner occupied2280.01%5,0740.22%
Residential——%230.01%
Total$41,230$49,308
Term Extension
Three months ended
($ in thousands)June 30, 2024Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial$5,6190.12%
Term Extension · Payment Delay · Total
Six months ended · Six months ended · Six months ended
($ in thousands)June 30,2024Percent of Total Loan ClassJune 30, 2024Percent of Total Loan ClassJune 30, 2024Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial$50,2601.09%$5670.01%$50,8271.10%
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned8,4090.34%——%8,4090.34%
Commercial - owner occupied94NM——%94NM
Residential7,6442.17%——%7,6442.17%
Total$66,407$567$66,974

The following tables summarize the financial impacts of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and outstanding at the date indicated:

Three months endedSix months ended
Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)
($ in thousands)June 30, 2025June 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial66
Real estate:
Commercial - owner occupied517
Residential03
Three months ended · Six months ended
Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)Amount of Payment Delay
($ in thousands) · June 30, 2024 · June 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial74$85
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned03—
Commercial - owner occupied03—
Residential012—

The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in modified loans in the last 12 months by class at the date indicated:

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Current30-89 Days Past Due90 or MoreDays Past DueTotal
Commercial and industrial$51,352$—$818$52,170
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned249——249
Commercial - owner occupied16,690228—16,918
Residential—23—23
Total$68,291$251$818$69,360
June 30, 2024
($ in thousands)Current30-89 Days Past Due90 or MoreDays Past DueTotal
Commercial and industrial$44,450$500$—$44,950
Real estate:
Commercial - owner occupied—92—92
Construction——741741
Residential9472—166
Total$44,544$664$741$45,949

There were no loans that experienced a default during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, or the three months ended June 30, 2024 subsequent to being granted a modification in the preceding twelve months. The following table summarizes loans that experienced a default during the six months ended June 30, 2024, subsequent to being granted a modification in the preceding twelve months. All of these loans were charged-off during the preceding period. Default is defined as movement to nonperforming status, foreclosure or charge-off.

Term Extension
Six months ended
($ in thousands)June 30, 2024Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial$1,0000.02%
Real estate:
Construction and land development1,7480.20%
Other4NM
Total$2,752

As of June 30, 2025, the Company allocated an immaterial amount in specific reserves to loans that have been restructured.

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic factors among other factors. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Grades 1, 2, and 3 – Includes loans to borrowers with a continuous record of strong earnings, sound balance sheet condition and capitalization, ample liquidity with solid cash flow, and whose management team has experience and depth within their industry.

Grade 4 – Includes loans to borrowers with positive trends in profitability, satisfactory capitalization and balance sheet condition, and sufficient liquidity and cash flow.

Grade 5 – Includes loans to borrowers that may display fluctuating trends in sales, profitability, capitalization, liquidity, and cash flow.

Grade 6 – Includes loans to borrowers where an adverse change or perceived weakness has occurred, but may be correctable in the near future. Alternatively, this rating category may also include circumstances where the borrower is starting to reverse a negative trend or condition, or has recently been upgraded from a 7, 8, or 9 rating.

Grade 7 – Special Mention credits are borrowers that have experienced financial setback of a nature that is not determined to be severe or influence ‘ongoing concern’ expectations. Although possible, no loss is anticipated, due to strong collateral and/or guarantor support.

Grade 8 –Substandard credits include those borrowers characterized by significant losses and sustained downward trends in balance sheet condition, liquidity, and cash flow. Repayment reliance may have shifted to secondary sources. Collateral exposure may exist and additional reserves may be warranted.

Grade 9 –Doubtful credits include borrowers that may show deteriorating trends that are unlikely to be corrected. Collateral values may appear insufficient for full recovery, therefore requiring a partial charge-off, or debt renegotiation with the borrower. The borrower may have declared bankruptcy or bankruptcy is likely in the near term. All doubtful rated credits will be on non-accrual.

The recorded investment by risk category of the loans by class and year of origination is presented in the following tables as of the dates indicated:

Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands) · 2025 · 2024 · 2023 · 2022 · 2021 · Prior · Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans · Revolving Loans · Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass (1-6)$1,102,494$1,033,331$653,061$406,313$75,693$94,852$124,844$1,041,584$4,532,172
Special Mention (7)54,26536,08937,7504,5544,5541233,18758,451198,973
Classified (8-9)10,41323,23613,9378,8991,5699856,18839,385104,612
Total Commercial and industrial$1,167,172$1,092,656$704,748$419,766$81,816$95,960$134,219$1,139,420$4,835,757
Commercial real estate-investor owned
Pass (1-6)$340,778$519,663$379,860$449,961$331,174$457,441$17,185$64,018$2,560,080
Special Mention (7)35,12721,8193,8436,2452,4897,0792,051—78,653
Classified (8-9)—249—81063,04520,329——84,433
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned$375,905$541,731$383,703$457,016$396,708$484,849$19,236$64,018$2,723,166
Commercial real estate-owner occupied
Pass (1-6)$245,064$312,132$314,091$406,906$369,237$507,281$466$25,299$2,180,476
Special Mention (7)12,4682,34911,2747,55610,16224,488——68,297
Classified (8-9)22817,6072,0347,0508,43023,078250—58,677
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied$257,760$332,088$327,399$421,512$387,829$554,847$716$25,299$2,307,450
Construction real estate
Pass (1-6)$249,415$353,143$124,067$80,746$8,856$1,450$20,115$4,191$841,983
Special Mention (7)1,106—2845————1,179
Classified (8-9)——468756—111——1,335
Total Construction real estate$250,521$353,143$124,563$81,547$8,856$1,561$20,115$4,191$844,497
Residential real estate
Pass (1-6)$37,091$34,094$31,312$33,307$35,311$89,969$3,511$70,752$335,347
Special Mention (7)3,13618612322689907—8845,551
Classified (8-9)24—2,880—12,0887,789——22,781
Total residential real estate$40,251$34,280$34,315$33,533$47,488$98,665$3,511$71,636$363,679
Other
Pass (1-6)$3,983$29,227$5,354$46,444$53,385$68,217$—$40,682$247,292
Special Mention (7)——930——703—3,6695,302
Classified (8-9)—————1,103——1,103
Total Other$3,983$29,227$6,284$46,444$53,385$70,023$—$44,351$253,697
Total loans classified by risk category$2,095,592$2,383,125$1,581,012$1,459,818$976,082$1,305,905$177,797$1,348,915$11,328,246
Total loans classified by performing status80,594
Total loans$11,408,840
Term Loans by Origination Year
($ in thousands) · 2024 · 2023 · 2021 · 2021 · 2020 · Prior · Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans · Revolving Loans · Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass (1-6)$1,477,552$958,327$607,626$172,201$117,845$69,236$87,059$942,991$4,432,837
Special Mention (7)32,47940,8044,9822,3737966414,78355,100151,381
Classified (8-9)29,9998689,271—1428099,68120,79171,561
Total Commercial and industrial$1,540,030$999,999$621,879$174,574$118,783$70,109$111,523$1,018,882$4,655,779
Commercial real estate-investor owned
Pass (1-6)$587,403$402,899$479,131$374,155$266,044$281,232$4,566$48,808$2,444,238
Special Mention (7)12,1954,901—43,5062,3899,62331,3211,999105,934
Classified (8-9)256—82120,27413,5644,702——39,617
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned$599,854$407,800$479,952$437,935$281,997$295,557$35,887$50,807$2,589,789
Commercial real estate-owner occupied
Pass (1-6)$420,774$329,001$437,731$408,210$246,024$352,095$890$29,239$2,223,964
Special Mention (7)6,91410,7645,32312,3248,42618,389——62,140
Classified (8-9)13,7943,7274,0636,4523,76522,319—25054,370
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied$441,482$343,492$447,117$426,986$258,215$392,803$890$29,489$2,340,474
Construction real estate
Pass (1-6)$404,286$211,573$198,278$38,131$6,110$3,823$9,513$5,338$877,052
Special Mention (7)11,2503349294—223——11,849
Classified (8-9)——1,573——585——2,158
Total Construction real estate$415,536$211,606$199,900$38,425$6,110$4,631$9,513$5,338$891,059
Residential real estate
Pass (1-6)$46,454$37,371$35,082$27,784$22,350$78,113$5,880$79,284$332,318
Special Mention (7)1,53926239——1,435—8874,126
Classified (8-9)—2,97910711,9765,5381,572——22,172
Total residential real estate$47,993$40,376$35,428$39,760$27,888$81,120$5,880$80,171$358,616
Other
Pass (1-6)$31,286$6,058$50,351$55,844$49,519$31,061$44$40,578$264,741
Special Mention (7)—2,326———1,780—7,66011,766
Classified (8-9)—————5——5
Total Other$31,286$8,384$50,351$55,844$49,519$32,846$44$48,238$276,512
Total loans classified by risk category$3,076,181$2,011,657$1,834,627$1,173,524$742,512$877,066$163,737$1,232,925$11,112,229
Total loans classified by performing status108,126
Total loans$11,220,355

In the tables above, loan originations in 2025 and 2024 with a classification of “special mention” or “classified” primarily represent renewals or modifications initially underwritten and originated in prior years.

The following tables summarize the risk category of the loans by loan type as of the dates indicated:

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Pass (1-6)Special Mention (7)Classified (8-9)Total
Commercial and industrial$4,532,172$198,973$104,612$4,835,757
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned2,560,08078,65384,4332,723,166
Commercial - owner occupied2,180,47668,29758,6772,307,450
Construction and land development841,9831,1791,335844,497
Residential335,3475,55122,781363,679
Other247,2925,3021,103253,697
Total loans classified by risk category$10,697,350$357,955$272,941$11,328,246
Total loans classified by performing status80,594
$11,408,840
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Pass (1-6)Special Mention (7)Classified (8-9)Total
Commercial and industrial$4,432,837$151,381$71,561$4,655,779
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned2,444,238105,93439,6172,589,789
Commercial - owner occupied2,223,96462,14054,3702,340,474
Construction and land development877,05211,8492,158891,059
Residential332,3184,12622,172358,616
Other264,74111,7665276,512
Total loans classified by risk category$10,575,150$347,196$189,883$11,112,229
Total loans classified by performing status108,126
$11,220,355

In the tables above, guaranteed loan balances are included with a classification of “pass” due to the nature of these loans.

For certain loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status.

The following tables present the recorded investment on loans based on payment activity as of the dates indicated:

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)PerformingNon PerformingTotal
Commercial and industrial$34,385$126$34,511
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned16,749—16,749
Commercial - owner occupied26,735—26,735
Residential602—602
Other1,967301,997
Total$80,438$156$80,594
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)PerformingNon PerformingTotal
Commercial and industrial$60,899$11$60,910
Real estate:
Commercial - investor owned17,175—17,175
Commercial - owner occupied27,349—27,349
Residential647—647
Other2,03692,045
Total$108,106$20$108,126

NOTE 5 -COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

The Company issues financial instruments in the normal course of its business of meeting the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments may involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s extent of involvement and maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is not more than the contractual amount of these instruments.

The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for financial instruments included on its consolidated balance sheets.

The contractual amounts of significant off-balance-sheet financial instruments are as follows:

($ in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Commitments to extend credit$2,836,709$3,001,565
Letters of credit104,868137,926

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Risk

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments usually have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, may have significant usage restrictions, and may require payment of a fee. Of the total commitments to extend credit at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $160.2 million and $156.5 million, respectively, represent fixed rate loan commitments. Since certain of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon or may be revoked, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash obligations. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, premises and equipment, and real estate. Other liabilities includes $6.5 million and $6.1 million for estimated losses attributable to the unadvanced commitments at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These letters of credit are issued to support contractual obligations of the Company’s customers. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risk involved in extending loans to customers. As of June 30, 2025, the approximate remaining terms of standby letters of credit range fromone month tofive years.

Contingencies

The Company and its subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to various legal proceedings arising out of their businesses. Management believes there are no such proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

NOTE 6 -DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s loans and borrowings. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest income and expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy.

For hedges of the Company’s variable-rate loans, interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed amounts and the Company making variable rate payments. The Company has executed cash flow hedges to reduce a portion of variability in cash flows on the Company’s prime based loan portfolio. Select terms of the hedges are as follows:

($ in thousands)
NotionalFixed RateEffective DateMaturity Date
$50,0006.56%January 25, 2023February 1, 2027
$100,0006.63%December 20, 2022January 1, 2028
$100,0006.66%April 1, 2025April 1, 2030

The Company executed a prime based interest rate collar in the fourth quarter of 2022 with a notional amount of $100.0 million. The collar includes a cap of 8.14% and a floor of 5.25%. The collar matures on October 1, 2029. The Company also executed a 1-month SOFR based interest rate collar in the fourth quarter of 2024 with a notional amount of $50.0 million. The collar includes a cap of 4.21% and a floor of 3.23%. The collar matures on November 1, 2029. These transactions are commonly referred to as zero cost collars, which involves the Company selling an interest rate cap where payments will be made when the index exceeds the cap rate, and the purchase of a floor where payments will be received if the index falls below the floor.

For hedges of variable-rate liabilities, interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The Company has executed a series of cash flow hedges to fix the effective interest rate for payments due on $32.1 million of junior subordinated debentures to a weighted-average-fixed rate of 2.64%.

Select terms of the hedges are as follows:

($ in thousands)
NotionalFixed RateMaturity Date
$18,5582.64%March 15, 2026
$13,5062.64%March 17, 2026

The gain or loss on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income or expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income or expense as interest payments are paid on the Company’s variable-rate loans and debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates $0.4 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense and $0.6 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest income.

Non-designated Hedges

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not considered speculative and result from a service the Company provides to certain customers. The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings as a component of other noninterest income.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet:

Notional AmountDerivative AssetsDerivative Liabilities
($ in thousands)June 30,2025December 31, 2024June 30,2025December 31, 2024June 30,2025December 31, 2024
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps$282,064$282,064$2,005$649$21$3,139
Interest rate collars150,000150,000851——1,056
Total$432,064$432,064$2,856$649$21$4,195
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps$789,324$854,171$11,006$14,495$11,016$14,497

Derivative assets are classified on the Balance Sheet in other assets. Derivative liabilities are classified on the Balance Sheet in other liabilities.

The table below presents a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s financial instruments subject to offsetting. The gross amounts of assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The fair value table above provides the location of financial assets and liabilities presented on the Balance Sheet.

As of June 30, 2025
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
($ in thousands)Gross Amounts RecognizedGross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionNet Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial PositionFinancial InstrumentsFair Value Collateral PostedNet Amount
Assets:
Interest rate swaps$13,011$—$13,011$2,944$7,780$2,287
Interest rate collars851—851——851
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps$11,037$—$11,037$2,944$—$8,093
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase174,438—174,438—174,438—
As of December 31, 2024
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
($ in thousands)Gross Amounts RecognizedGross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionNet Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial PositionFinancial InstrumentsFair Value Collateral PostedNet Amount
Assets:
Interest rate swaps$15,144$—$15,144$4,975$9,710$459
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps$17,636$—$17,636$4,975$—$12,661
Interest rate collars1,056—1,056——1,056
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase244,618—244,618—244,618—

As of June 30, 2025, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest, was $8.2 million. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and posts collateral related to derivatives in a net liability position. The Company has received cash collateral from derivative counterparties on contracts in a net asset position as noted in the tables above.

NOTE 7 -FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The following table summarizes financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1)SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2)SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Total FairValue
Assets
Securities available-for-sale
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises$—$242,370$—$242,370
Obligations of states and political subdivisions—464,052—464,052
Agency mortgage-backed securities—1,358,510—1,358,510
U.S. Treasury bills—116,055—116,055
Corporate debt securities—23,524—23,524
Total securities available-for-sale—2,204,511—2,204,511
Other investments—3,078—3,078
Derivative financial instruments—13,862—13,862
Total assets$—$2,221,451$—$2,221,451
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments$—$11,037$—$11,037
Total liabilities$—$11,037$—$11,037
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Quoted Prices inActive Marketsfor IdenticalAssets(Level 1)SignificantOtherObservableInputs(Level 2)SignificantUnobservableInputs(Level 3)Total FairValue
Assets
Securities available-for-sale
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises$—$276,040$—$276,040
Obligations of states and political subdivisions—409,197—409,197
Agency mortgage-backed securities—1,027,394—1,027,394
U.S. Treasury bills—128,893—128,893
Corporate debt securities—20,746—20,746
Total securities available-for-sale—1,862,270—1,862,270
Other investments—2,983—2,983
Derivative financial instruments—15,144—15,144
Total assets$—$1,880,397$—$1,880,397
Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments$—$18,692$—$18,692
Total liabilities$—$18,692$—$18,692

From time to time, the Company measures certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. The amounts reported in the following tables include balances measured at fair value during the reporting period and still held as of the reporting date.

June 30, 2025
($ in thousands)Total Fair ValueQuoted Prices in ActiveMarkets forIdenticalAssets (Level 1)SignificantOtherObservableInputs (Level 2)SignificantUnobservableInputs (Level 3)
Individually-evaluated loans$900$—$—$900
Other real estate7,821——7,821
Total$8,721$—$—$8,721
December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Total Fair ValueQuoted Prices in ActiveMarkets forIdenticalAssets (Level 1)SignificantOtherObservableInputs (Level 2)SignificantUnobservableInputs (Level 3)
Individually-evaluated loans$15,370$—$—$15,370
Other real estate3,955——3,955
Total$19,325$—$—$19,325

Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of certain financial instruments:

June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Carrying AmountEstimated fair valueLevelCarrying AmountEstimated fair valueLevel
Balance sheet assets
Securities held-to-maturity, net$1,091,238$1,016,389Level 2$928,935$858,871Level 2
Other investments85,52185,521Level 269,80169,801Level 2
Loans held-for-sale586586Level 2110110Level 2
Loans, net11,263,70711,226,467Level 311,082,40510,983,459Level 3
State tax credits, held-for-sale14,40815,574Level 314,66315,518Level 3
Servicing asset2,9764,287Level 22,2563,570Level 2
Balance sheet liabilities
Certificates of deposit$1,601,325$1,594,562Level 3$1,369,604$1,364,377Level 3
Subordinated debentures and notes156,796163,160Level 2156,551155,102Level 2
FHLB advances294,000294,000Level 2——Level 2
Other borrowings210,641188,138Level 2280,821258,461Level 2

For information regarding the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments refer to Note 18 –Fair Value Measurements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC.

NOTE 8 -STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stockholders’ Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) after-tax by component:

Three months ended
($ in thousands)Net Unrealized Loss on Available-for-Sale SecuritiesUnamortized Gain on Held-to-Maturity SecuritiesNet Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow HedgesTotal
Balance, March 31, 2025$(109,327)$7,476$460$(101,391)
Net change11,348(607)1,66512,406
Balance, June 30, 2025$(97,979)$6,869$2,125$(88,985)
Balance, March 31, 2024$(123,917)$9,954$(1,428)$(115,391)
Net change(5,375)(619)(754)(6,748)
Balance, June 30, 2024$(129,292)$9,335$(2,182)$(122,139)
Six months ended
($ in thousands)Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Debt SecuritiesUnamortized Gain on Held-to-Maturity SecuritiesNet Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow HedgesTotal
Balance, December 31, 2024$(122,132)$8,088$(2,674)$(116,718)
Net change24,153(1,219)4,79927,733
Balance, June 30, 2025$(97,979)$6,869$2,125$(88,985)
Balance, December 31, 2023$(112,844)$10,580$1,249$(101,015)
Net change(16,448)(1,245)(3,431)(21,124)
Balance, June 30, 2024$(129,292)$9,335$(2,182)$(122,139)

The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss):

Three months ended June 30,
20252024
($ in thousands)Pre-taxTax effectAfter-taxPre-taxTax effectAfter-tax
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities$15,091$3,743$11,348$(7,148)$(1,773)$(5,375)
Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities(a)(807)(200)(607)(823)(204)(619)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges1,8114491,362(1,563)(388)(1,175)
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges(b)40299303560139421
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)$16,497$4,091$12,406$(8,974)$(2,226)$(6,748)
Six months ended June 30,
2025 · 2024
($ in thousands)Pre-taxTax effectAfter-taxPre-taxTax effectAfter-tax
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities$32,225$7,992$24,233$(21,872)$(5,424)$(16,448)
Reclassification of gain on sale of available-for-sale securities(a)(106)(26)(80)———
Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities(a)(1,621)(402)(1,219)(1,656)(411)(1,245)
Change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedges5,7911,4364,355(5,475)(1,358)(4,117)
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges(b)590146444912226686
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)$36,879$9,146$27,733$(28,091)$(6,967)$(21,124)
(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in noninterest income/expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(b)The pre-tax amount is reported in interest income/expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

NOTE 9 -SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following table presents other income and other expense components, including items that exceed one percent of the aggregate of total interest income and noninterest income in one or more of the periods indicated:

Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
($ in thousands)2025202420252024
Other income:
Bank-owned life insurance$2,561$855$3,432$1,719
Community development fees1,4263812,133966
Gain on SBA loan sales1,153—3,0481,415
Other income3,2892,7556,2154,860
Total other noninterest income$8,429$3,991$14,828$8,960
Other expense:
Amortization of intangibles$753$944$1,608$1,991
Banking expenses2,3622,0034,3253,809
FDIC and other insurance3,4293,1356,5776,742
Loan, legal expenses3,2442,3165,4354,424
Outside services1,4241,5352,5153,199
Other expenses7,7547,02015,29114,650
Total other noninterest expenses$18,966$16,953$35,751$34,815

NOTE 10 -SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has determined it hasone operating and reportable segment. The economic characteristics, including the nature, the type or class of customer, and the nature of the regulatory environment of the products, services and business lines of the Company are all similar. The Company provides a full range of banking services, including mortgage, tax credit brokerage, wealth management and traditional banking services, to individuals and corporate customers. Refer to “Item 1. Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for the accounting policies of the Company.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the chief executive officer. The operating results that are regularly reviewed by the CODM are the consolidated results of the Company. The CODM uses the consolidated results of the Company in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the segment or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions or to pay dividends. The CODM assesses performance for the segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income, reported on the income statement as consolidated net income. The CODM is provided with the consolidated financial statement package on a monthly basis.

The Company considered the following factors, among others, in determining significant segment expenses: the magnitude of the expense item and its relevance to the segment’s performance, the variability and volatility of the expense item, and whether the expenses are used by the CODM. The Company’s significant segment revenues and expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM, including the Company’s profit or loss, have been included within the primary financial statements and notes thereto. Refer to “Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements” and “Item 1. Note 9 - Supplemental Financial Information” for these figures.

NOTE 11 -SUBORDINATED NOTES

On May 21, 2020, the Company issued $63.3 million of 5.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due in 2030 in a public offering (the “2030 Notes”). From the date of issuance, the 2030 Notes bore interest at a rate equal to 5.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on each June 1 and December 1. Beginning June 1, 2025, the 2030 Notes will bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate of three-month term SOFR (as defined in the Indenture, dated May 21, 2020, between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, and subsequent First Supplemental Indenture), plus 566.0 basis points. At June 30, 2025, the 2030 Notes bore interest at a floating rate equal to 9.98% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year. The Company may, at its option, beginning on September 1, 2025 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the 2030 Notes. In July 2025, the Company gave notice of full redemption of the 2030 notes for the next call date on September 1, 2025. The Company’s obligation to make payments of principal and interest on the 2030 Notes is subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of its senior debt. The subordinated debt was treated as tier 2 regulatory capital for the first five years of its term, but will be phased out of tier 2 capital on a pro rata basis over the next five years beginning with the second quarter of 2025.

NOTE 12 -OTHER BORROWINGS

Revolving Credit Line and Term Loan Option

The Company entered into a credit agreement with another bank that includes a senior unsecured revolving credit commitment (the “Revolving Commitment”) and an option for a single advance term loan draw (“Term Loan”), collectively the “Loan Agreement”. The Revolving Commitment has aone-year term that was renewed in the second quarter of 2025 and was effective as of February 22, 2025, maturing on February 21, 2026. The Revolving Commitment allows for borrowings up to $25 million, and has an interest rate of one-month Term SOFR plus 185 basis points until February 2026. The proceeds can be used for general corporate purposes. The revolving credit line was not accessed in 2025 or 2024.

The Term Loan commitment allows the Company to take a $63.3 million unsecured draw through June 30, 2026 for the specific purpose of redeeming the 2030 Notes. If the Term Loan is advanced, it will be payable in 20 equal quarterly installments on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 with a final installment on the five year anniversary of the initial advance date. Upon advance, the interest rate will be one-month Term SOFR plus 250 basis points.

The Loan Agreement is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants as well as specified financial covenants. A fee of 0.40% annually is assessed against the unused commitments.

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The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.