QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INC

The Company is made up of two businesses: Diagnostic Information Services and Diagnostic Solutions. Our Diagnostic Information Services business develops and delivers diagnostic information services, providing insights from the results of our laboratory testing to empower people, physicians, and organizations to take action to improve health outcomes. Our Diagnostic Solutions group includes our risk assessment services business, which offers solutions for insurers, and our healthcare IT businesses, which offers solutions for healthcare providers and payers. Our services primarily are provided under the Quest Diagnostics brand, but we also provide services under other brands, including AmeriPath,® Dermpath Diagnostics,® ExamOne,® and Quanum.®

We are a leading provider of diagnostic information services in the United States, where we conduct substantially all of our business. We see opportunities to bring our experience and expertise in diagnostic information services to markets outside the United States, including leveraging existing facilities to serve new markets.

Diagnostic Information Services

Background - clinical testing. Clinical testing is an essential element in the delivery of healthcare services. Clinical testing is used for predisposition, screening, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and treatment choices of diseases and other medical conditions. Clinical testing is generally categorized as clinical laboratory testing and anatomic pathology services.

Clinical laboratory testing, which can be characterized as routine, non-routine or advanced, generally is performed on whole blood, serum, plasma and other body fluids, such as urine, and specimens, such as microbiology samples. Clinical laboratory tests which can be performed by most clinical laboratories are considered routine. Routine testing measures various important bodily health parameters such as the functions of the kidney, heart, liver, thyroid and other organs. Commonly ordered routine tests include blood chemistries, urinalysis, allergy tests and complete blood cell counts. We also have a portfolio of oncology tests that includes traditional oncology screening and anatomic pathology, such as cervical cancer and skin cancer screening and diagnosis. Non-routine tests (commonly referred to as esoteric) may require professional “hands-on” attention from highly-skilled technical personnel, generally require more sophisticated data analysis, technology, equipment or materials, may be performed less frequently than routine tests and may be reimbursed at higher levels than routine tests. It may not be practical, from a cost-effectiveness or infrastructure perspective, for many hospitals, ACOs, commercial laboratories or physician office laboratories to develop and perform a broad menu of non-routine tests or to perform low-volume non-routine testing in-house. Such tests generally are outsourced to a clinical testing laboratory that can perform these non-routine tests. Some non-routine tests are Advanced Diagnostics™, which includes certain procedures in the areas of molecular diagnostics (including next-generation sequencing), oncology, neurology, companion diagnostics and non-invasive pre-natal and other germline genetic testing.

Anatomic pathology involves the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases and medical conditions through examination of tissue and cell samples taken from patients.

Our services. We primarily provide information and insights based on an industry-leading menu of routine, non-routine and advanced clinical testing and anatomic pathology testing, and other diagnostic information services. We have strong testing capabilities, including services for the predisposition, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancers and other diseases, and offer advanced tests in many fields, including endocrinology, immunology, neurology and oncology. Increasingly, we are focused on providing solutions and insights to our customers, based on the testing that we perform, the data that we gather and our extensive medical, information and connectivity assets. We believe that offering services, solutions and insights based on a full range of tests, information assets and other capabilities strengthens our market offering, market position and reputation.

We offer broad access to clinical testing through a network of laboratories, including advanced laboratories as well as rapid response laboratories (smaller facilities where we can quickly perform an abbreviated menu of routine tests for customers that require rapid turnaround times). We operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Our network also includes patient service centers, phlebotomists in physician offices, and our connectivity resources, including call centers and mobile phlebotomists, nurses and other health and wellness professionals. Our large in-house staff of medical and scientific experts, including medical directors, scientific directors, genetic counselors and board-certified geneticists, provide medical and scientific consultation to healthcare providers and patients regarding our tests and test results, and help them best utilize our services to improve outcomes and enhance satisfaction. We also provide testing (including anatomic pathology) services and medical director services at hospital laboratories.

We are a leading provider of diagnostic information services, developing and delivering comprehensive offerings to help physicians manage patients across disease stages, from screening for early risk to treatment selection and monitoring to post-treatment evaluation. We have comprehensive test offerings in cardiometabolic and endocrine; cancer; clinical drug monitoring and toxicology; infectious disease, including autoimmune; neurology diagnostics, including Alzheimer’s disease; and women’s health, including prenatal genetics. We strive to provide diagnostic solutions for emerging infectious diseases, and were the first commercial laboratory to introduce a test for the H5 avian flu virus based on a preparedness contract from the Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (“CDC”). We also provide workplace drug testing services, testing urine, hair, and oral fluid specimens, and are certified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) to perform drug testing using electronic custody and control forms for federally-mandated, safety-sensitive workers.

We offer a wide range of employer population health services, including biometric screenings, flu shots and related preventative services that leverage clinical data to improve population health outcomes and reduce healthcare spend. Our solutions enable employers to leverage screening insights to identify chronic disease risks, guide employees to needed in-network care, and improve employee health with intervention services. Our offerings emphasize the importance of identifying and reducing health risks, including (i) a program designed to prevent diabetes and other chronic conditions, (ii) early screenings for treatable cancers, such as prostate and colorectal, and (iii) engaging with partner-provided health coaching programs to help individuals adopt healthier behaviors to improve health outcomes. These services are sold directly to employers, through resellers and health plan partners.

We offer health IT solutions, including our products and national healthcare provider network, to help healthcare organizations and clinicians empower better health by leveraging the power of our significant information assets, including one of the world's largest databases of de-identifiable clinical lab results, and our technology prowess, including our history of providing leading IT for diagnostic information services. Our portfolio of offerings is designed to address analytic, clinical and financial needs. The solutions help healthcare organizations and clinicians analyze and put in context data, and enable them to connect across the healthcare system and engage with their stakeholders. They can enter, share and access clinical information without costly IT implementation or significant workflow disruption.

We offer population health solutions to clinicians, health plans, and hospitals. Our services build on the power of our information assets and data capabilities and help our customers deliver better care to their patient populations by identifying gaps in care in a population, providing clinical solutions to close the gaps and fostering consumer engagement with a solution. To help support hospitals in the operation of their own labs, our key Collaborative Lab Solutions offerings include lab management outsourcing, test menu optimization and spend consolidation, supply chain management, and providing advanced data solutions. For clinicians, Quest® Lab Stewardship TM employs machine learning to help optimize medically-appropriate laboratory test utilization. Our extended care services (e.g., home collection kits for lab testing) help deliver better care to patient populations by identifying and filling gaps in care for patient populations and by enabling delivery of the most effective healthcare to the right populations and individuals. These services leverage the power of our assets (e.g., our extensive clinical data and data analytics services) and capabilities (e.g., call centers, patient service centers, mobile phlebotomists) and focus on extending the reach of clinician offices beyond their traditional four walls to assess the health of their populations, and doing so when it is convenient for consumers. Once gaps are identified, we engage patients in our retail sites, in home or by telephone, including through our call centers and our mobile phlebotomists.

We offer services to pharmaceutical companies, including clinical trials laboratory testing, population analytics and patient engagement services. We also develop in vitro diagnostic tests for FDA submissions as companion diagnostics, laboratory developed testing services (“LDTs”) for complementary diagnostics, and offer an array of assets and services to support the development of diagnostic insights, including our robust data set and patient services network. In addition, we offer Quest Clinical Trials Connect™ to help accelerate clinical trials (and thus the speed of drugs to market) through better patient recruitment, involvement and management, and improved physician outreach.

In 2024, we acquired LifeLabs, a company that provides laboratory diagnostic information and digital health connectivity systems in Canada. During the full year of 2025, LifeLabs performed approximately 23 million test requisitions to help diagnose, treat, monitor and prevent diseases for millions of Canadians. LifeLabs operates approximately 15 laboratories, over 350 collection centers in British Columbia, Ontario and Saskatchewan, and an extensive network of couriers and mobile phlebotomists. LifeLabs also partners with governments and companies to develop technologies and customized services.

Diagnostic Solutions

Our risk assessment service, ExamOne®, is the largest provider of risk assessment services to the life insurance industry in North America and comprises underwriting support services, including data gathering, paramedical examinations and clinical laboratory testing and analytics, designed to assist life insurance companies objectively to evaluate the mortality risks of applicants. Most specimen collections and paramedical examinations are performed by our network of paramedical examiners at the applicant's home or workplace, but they also are offered at hundreds of our patient service centers and many additional locations. ExamOne® also offers other national specimen collection and health data solutions that provide fast and accurate insights for clinical research and diagnostics programs, as well as academic studies.

We also offer our award-winning Quanum® Enterprise Content Solutions™ for hospitals, to connect data to decision-making and help clinicians advance clinical and operational strategies. Healthcare organizations use Quanum® Enterprise Content Solutions™ at approximately 1,400 sites in North America.