QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INC

Continuous Quality Improvement

Our goal is to provide every patient and customer with services and products of superior quality. We strive to accomplish that through rigorous processes that we measure and seek to improve, and by using the Quest Management System, which provides best-in-class business performance tools to create and implement effective and sustainable quality processes. Our Quality Program includes policies and procedures to document, measure and monitor the effectiveness of our laboratory operations in providing and improving quality and meeting applicable regulatory requirements. The Quality Program is designed so that the quality of laboratory services is monitored objectively and evaluated systematically to deliver superior quality care, identify opportunities to improve patient care and resolve identified problems. To help achieve our goal of becoming recognized as the undisputed quality leader in the diagnostics information services industry, we have implemented our Quality System Framework, which serves as a reference guide for our employees and describes our Quality System Elements, which provide the structure for each laboratory to achieve and maintain quality processes. We also have a robust Supplier Quality Program designed to help us ensure we have a high-quality supplier network and to raise the bar of quality expectations across that network.

Operating Efficiency

We strive to enhance operational excellence and improve our efficiency across our value chain and operations, from the time that we first interact with a potential customer until the time we receive payment for our services. Improving our operations can yield many benefits, including improving our quality and competitiveness, strengthening our foundation for growth, and increasing employee engagement and shareholder value. We are guided by a service dashboard that focuses throughout our operations on quality for consumers, healthcare providers and employees, including medical quality, on-time delivery, competitive costs and employee safety.

Our cost excellence program, Invigorate, includes structured plans to drive savings and improve productivity across the value chain, including in such areas as patient services, logistics and laboratory operations, revenue services, information technology ("IT") and procurement. Our Invigorate program has consistently delivered 3% of annual cost savings and productivity improvements, year in and year out to partly offset pressures from the current inflationary environment, including labor and benefit cost increases, and reimbursement pressures. We are leveraging automation and AI to improve productivity, and also improve quality across our entire value chain, not just in the laboratory. Other areas of focus include reducing denials and patient concessions, enhancing the digital experience, and selecting and retaining talent.

Organized to Drive Growth and Value

We strive to strengthen our organizational capabilities to align around growth opportunities, coordinate business units for seamless execution and leverage our company-wide infrastructure to gain more capability, value and efficiency. The value creation side of our business includes product and commercial marketing and is organized by clinical franchise and focuses on customer solutions for the marketplace, including new test development and diagnostic insights. Our clinical franchises – Cardiometabolic, Endocrine, and Wellness (CMEW), Drug Monitoring and Toxicology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Molecular Genomics and Oncology, Neurology, and Women’s and Reproductive Health – enable us to perform like a boutique laboratory while maintaining our scale advantages, and work with our research and development and commercial organizations to identify and deliver new and improved solutions. The value delivery side includes sales, laboratory operations, field operations, logistics and client services.

Assets and Capabilities that Deliver Value

We collaborate with partners and customers across the healthcare ecosystem to help create a healthier world. The table below outlines some of the assets and capabilities that make us an attractive partner.

Strong Relationships with Health Plans and Other Payers

Most of the services we perform are paid for by commercial payers, including large national health plans, regional and local health plans and government payers, which includes Medicare and Medicaid. Through these payers, we estimate that we have access to approximately 90% of insured lives in the United States. We work with payers to reduce the cost of care, improve the customer experience and drive better outcomes for patients. We can strengthen our relationships with health plans and increase the volume of our services for their members by focusing on driving value and providing strong value propositions for members and physicians. For example, we build information platforms to help health plans manage utilization and population health, keep laboratory testing in network and provide an alternative to high-cost labs. We also offer extended care services to help close gaps in care designed to be attractive to payers.

Innovation

We are a leading provider of innovation in diagnostic information services that help healthcare market participants care for their patients through better testing for predisposition, screening, monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment choices, and that can deliver high clinical value to the medical community and reduce the overall cost of healthcare. We develop and introduce new tests through our research and development operations. Our capabilities include discovery, technology development and clinical validation of diagnostic tests. We also partner with other developers of new technologies, services and tests to transfer their innovations to the marketplace, using our in-house expertise (e.g., strength in new service development and commercialization of testing services). These developers include large commercial manufacturers, the academic community, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, emerging medical technology companies, other laboratory companies and others that develop and commercialize novel diagnostics, pharmaceutical and device technologies. Given our expertise and broad U.S. network, we believe we are the distribution channel of choice for developers of new diagnostic information solutions. Our innovation strategy focuses on new services and solutions for unmet clinical needs that will improve patient care and outcomes as well as economic value for patients, health plans and other payers. We believe our research and development team includes several leaders in a number of fields, including in genomics, genetics and bioinformatics, as well as in disease states, such as oncology, neurology, cardiometabolic disease and other disorders. We also maintain relationships with advisers and consultants who are leaders in key fields of science and medicine who advise us with our internal team of experts, complementing our expertise.

We endeavor to improve test processes, including through increased automation. In addition, we aim to develop holistic solutions responsive to challenges that healthcare providers and patients face, by developing solutions of tests, information and services focused on specific clinical challenges. We look to offer solutions from our large dataset and data analytics capabilities to help providers and health plans identify opportunities to optimize appropriate laboratory utilization, align clinical practice to medical guidelines, and inform patient-care decisions. We also look for innovations and solutions that are more convenient, less invasive and more cost effective than currently available options.

We seek innovation in the ways we bring solutions to customers, and in the customer experience, including enhanced services and end-to-end solutions for convenience and support.

Medical and Scientific Expertise

We have strong medical and scientific expertise and aspire to be a trusted authority in diagnostic medicine, provide insights and tools to support public and personal health, lead and facilitate scientific discussion and inspire innovation. Our medical and scientific experts regularly provide presentations, symposia and webinars regarding diagnostic testing and participate on scientific committees determining guidelines for diagnostic usage. They also publish research that demonstrates the clinical value and importance of diagnostic testing, including in connection with our research and development efforts, in peer-reviewed journals, textbooks and other publications. For over 30 years, the Company has published the Quest

Diagnostics® Drug Testing Index, TM a series of reports on national workplace drug positivity trends based on the Company's employer workplace drug testing data, that is widely cited by employers, the federal government and the media to help identify and quantify drug abuse among the nation's workforce. The Company also publishes Quest Diagnostics® Health Trends,® a series of scientific reports that provide insights into health topics, based on analysis of objective clinical laboratory data, to empower better patient care, population health management and public health policy. In 2023, we published Health Trends® reports on lipid- associated risk of cardiovascular disease and, with the Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (“CDC”), on hepatitis C infections in the United States. Our annual Health Trends report on clinical drug testing revealed potentially dangerous mixing of the opioid fentanyl and the horse tranquilizer xylazine in clinically drug tested patients.

We are a founding member, with other leading diagnostic laboratories outside the United States, of the Global Diagnostics Network TM, a strategic working group of diagnostic laboratories committed to unleashing and sharing local innovation to increase global access to diagnostic science, information and services and generating enhanced diagnostic insights to improve the delivery of global healthcare. With researchers from Johns Hopkins University and the other laboratories participating in the Global Diagnostics Network, we produced the largest analysis of cholesterol lipid levels, based on nearly half a billion de-identified, aggregated test results, to illuminate trends in cardiovascular disease in the United States and sixteen other countries.

Health Information Technology Solutions and Information Assets

We have a history of providing leading IT for diagnostic information services, including for patients, physicians and healthcare organizations. We were the first national diagnostic information services provider to offer online patient appointment scheduling and a patient connectivity solution. Our MyQuest® patient healthcare portal, with more than 32.9 million registered users at year-end 2023, enables patients to manage healthcare and medical information for themselves and a circle of others, find a Quest Diagnostics location, schedule appointments, receive appointment reminders, assess whether their health plan is in-network and receive and archive their test results. Individuals can also use their smartphone or computer to order a consumer-initiated test from us at QuestHealth.com. Our connectivity platform enables providers to order tests and receive results from us easily from up to 920 electronic health records. We are expanding our use of digital and other technology tools to improve our customer experience for patients and providers.

We also have significant information assets and offer a robust portfolio of powerful analytics that inspire action and deliver value to an array of customers. We offer an array of solutions based on data insights, including retrospective analytics solutions for physicians, hospitals, health plans, pharmaceutical companies and public health organizations. We believe these solutions can tap the potential of large amounts of clinical information to: enhance the customer experience; deliver more precise, comprehensive solutions and actionable information; provide increased and interactive insights and analytics; foster greater adherence to clinical and reimbursement guidelines; and advance the development of precision medicine. We believe that the breadth and depth of our data, combined with our powerful analytics capabilities, enables us to take advantage of important data-based opportunities in diagnostics, and provides us a competitive advantage.

Artificial Intelligence

We have a long history of using advanced technologies to automate processes, improve customer service, generate insights from lab and other data, and stimulate innovation. We believe AI can help improve the quality of our screening and diagnostic capabilities. For instance, we now use AI to help identify patterns in patient specimens evaluated for infectious microbes and chromosomal anomalies that may signify disease and are evaluating its potential to aid in evaluating specimens for signs of cancer. We also believe that AI can help improve our operating efficiency. In 2023, we created an initiative to deploy generative AI to improve several areas of our business, including software engineering, customer service, claims analysis, scheduling optimization, specimen processing and marketing. We expect to further develop these projects in 2024.

We are committed to using AI in an ethical, responsible and compliant way. We have implemented a formal AI Governance oversight committee and established multiple AI safeguards to minimize risks associated with AI, including, but not limited to, expanded security and privacy measures, increased user access controls, end user training and attestation, and standard operating procedures. We seek to align our practices with the NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF) and strategically partner with external AI experts as needed to ensure we remain informed about the latest technological advancements in the industry. Over time, we believe generative AI will help us innovate and grow in a responsible manner while also enhancing customer and employee experiences and bring cost efficiencies. We intend to continue to be at the forefront of the innovative, responsible and secure use of AI, including generative AI, in diagnostic information solutions.

A Commitment to Helping the Underserved

As part of our commitment to create a healthier world, we, along with our Quest Diagnostics Foundation, launched our Quest for Health Equity® initiative, which aims to reduce health disparities in underserved communities in the United States through a combination of testing services, education programs, alliances and financial support. Since its inception, we have committed approximately $38 million to more than 70 programs launched across the United States and Puerto Rico, including supporting community workforce development, COVID-19 testing and vaccination events, wellness events, educating young students on healthy nutrition choices and expanding research and mentorship opportunities for Black and Hispanic scholars. Numerous Quest for Health Equity® undertakings demonstrate our commitment to FQHCs and the people they serve, including by providing free lab testing services. We are also looking at ways we can assist in addressing social determinants of health that can create barriers to healthcare for marginalized communities and other inequities in the healthcare system.