Pasithea Therapeutics Corp.
For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Mar 24, 2025.
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FY2024 · Filed Mar 24, 2025
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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
As an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act we have opted to comply with the executive compensation disclosure rules applicable to “smaller reporting companies,” which require compensation disclosure for our principal executive officer and the two most highly compensated executive officers (other than our principal executive officer) serving as executive officers at the end of our most recently completed fiscal year (collectively, our “Named Executive Officers”). This section describes the executive compensation program in place for our Named Executive Officers during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, who are the individuals who served as our principal executive officer and two most highly compensated executive officers.
This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program for our executive officers who are named in the “Summary Compensation Table” below and the non-employee members of our Board.
Summary Compensation Table
| Name and Principal Position | Year | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Stock Awards ($) | Option Awards ($) (1) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiago Reis Marques (2) | 2024 | 450,000 | - | 22,241 | 167,818 | - | 640,059 |
| Chief Executive Officer | 2023 | 450,000 | 30,000 | 57,347 | - | - | 537,347 |
| Daniel Schneiderman (3) | 2024 | 330,000 | - | - | 100,223 | - | 430,223 |
| Chief Financial Officer | 2023 | 330,000 | 15,939 | - | - | - | 345,939 |
| Graeme Currie (4) | 2024 | 386,535 | - | - | 48,276 | 434,811 | |
| Chief Development Officer | 2023 | 330,647 | 15,970 | - | 98,247 | - | 444,864 |
| (1) | In accordance with SEC rules, the amounts in this column reflect the fair value on the grant date of the option awards granted to the named executive, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. Stock options were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The grant-date fair value does not necessarily reflect the value of shares which may be received in the future with respect to these awards. The grant-date fair value of the stock options in this column is a non-cash expense for the Company that reflects the fair value of the stock options on the grant date and therefore does not affect our cash balance. |
| (2) | Dr. Marques has served as Director and Chief Executive Officer since August 2020. Total compensation for 2024 for Dr. Marques includes i) $22,241 for stock awards representing the grant date fair value of the issuance of 4,168 shares of common stock pursuant to the vesting of RSUs originally issued in December 2021 and ii) $167,818 for the issuance of stock options to purchase 26,669 shares of Common Stock in March 2024. Total compensation for 2023 for Dr. Marques includes $57,347 for stock awards representing the grant date fair value of the issuance of 5,832 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the vesting of RSUs originally issued in December 2021. |
| (3) | Mr. Schneiderman was hired as Chief Financial Officer of the Company on October 11, 2022. Total compensation for 2024 for Mr. Schneiderman includes $100,223 for the issuance of stock options to purchase 15,927 shares of Common Stock in March 2024. |
| (4) | Dr. Currie resigned as Chief Development Officer effective as of November 15, 2024. |
Employment Agreements with our Named Executive Officers
Employment Agreement with Dr. Tiago Reis Marques
On January 1, 2022, we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Marques. Under the terms of Dr. Marques’ employment agreement, he holds the position of Chief Executive Officer and receives a base salary of $463,500 annually (effective April 1, 2025). In addition, Dr. Marques is eligible to receive an annual bonus, with a target amount equal to seventy-five percent (75%) of Dr. Marques’ annual base salary. The actual amount of each bonus will be determined by the sole discretion of our Compensation Committee and will be based upon both the Company’s performance and Dr. Marques’ individual performance. Pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, Dr. Marques is also eligible to participate in all incentive and deferred compensation programs available to other executives or officers of the Company, and will be eligible to participate in any employee benefit plans and equity plans that we may adopt, which plans may be amended by the Company from time to time in its sole discretion.
Pursuant to Dr. Marques’ employment agreement, Dr. Marques was paid $100,000 as a sign on bonus. We also issued to Dr. Marques stock options to purchase 10,000 shares of Common Stock under our 2021 Incentive Plan, with one-third of the total shares vesting on the 12-month anniversary of the grant date, and the remainder vesting in equal quarterly installments thereinafter. Further, we issued to Dr. Marques Restricted Stock Units exercisable for 10,000 shares of Common Stock, with one-third of the total shares underlying the RSUs vesting upon the 12-month anniversary of the grant date, with the remainder vesting in equal quarterly installments thereafter.
We may terminate Dr. Marques’ employment at any time with or without Cause (as that term is defined in Mr. Marques’ employment agreement) and with or without advance notice to Dr. Marques, and Dr. Marques may terminate his employment at any time for any reason upon providing 90 days’ written notice to the Company.
In the event we terminate Dr. Marques’ employment without Cause, we will pay Dr. Marques the equivalent of 12 months of his base annual salary in effect as of the date of termination, subject to standard payroll deductions and withholdings and Dr. Marques’ executing a release of claims against the Company. If we terminate Dr. Marques’ employment for any other reason, Dr. Marques will receive no compensation other than what he has earned at the time of the termination, and he will not be entitled to any severance benefits.
Employment Agreement with Daniel Schneiderman
On October 11, 2022, we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Schneiderman. Under the terms of Mr. Schneiderman’ employment agreement, he holds the position of Chief Financial Officer and receives a base salary of $339,900 annually (effective April 1, 2025). In addition, Mr. Schneiderman is eligible to receive an annual bonus, with a target amount equal to thirty-five percent (35%) of Mr. Schneiderman’s annual base salary. The actual amount of each bonus will be determined by the sole discretion of our Compensation Committee and will be based upon both the Company’s performance and Mr. Schneiderman’s individual performance. Pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Schneiderman is also eligible to participate in all incentive and deferred compensation programs available to other executives or officers of the Company, and will be eligible to participate in any employee benefit plans and equity plans that we may adopt, which plans may be amended by the Company from time to time in its sole discretion.
Pursuant to Mr. Schneiderman’s employment agreement, Mr. Schneiderman was paid $30,000 as a sign on bonus. We also issued to Mr. Schneiderman stock options to purchase 15,000 shares of Common Stock under our 2021 Incentive Plan, with one-third of the total shares vesting on the one year anniversary of the grant date, one-third of the total shares vesting on the two year anniversary of the grant date, and one-third of the total shares vesting on the three year anniversary of the grant date.
We may terminate Mr. Schneiderman’s employment at any time with or without Cause (as that term is defined in Mr. Schneiderman’s employment agreement) and with or without advance notice to Mr. Schneiderman, and Mr. Schneiderman may terminate his employment at any time for any reason upon providing 60 days’ written notice to the Company.
In the event we terminate Mr. Schneiderman’s employment without Cause, we will pay Mr. Schneiderman the equivalent of six months of his base annual salary in effect as of the date of termination, subject to standard payroll deductions and withholdings and Mr. Schneiderman’s executing a release of claims against the Company. His stock options will also accelerate and fully vest on his termination date. If we terminate Mr. Schneiderman’s employment for any other reason, Mr. Schneiderman will receive no compensation other than what he has earned at the time of the termination and he will not be entitled to any severance benefits.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table summarizes, for each of our Named Executive Officers, the number of shares of our Common Stock underlying outstanding stock options held as of December 31, 2024:
| Option Awards · Stock Awards | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name · Grant Date · Number of Shares Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable · Number of Shares Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable · Option Exercise Price ($) · Option Expiration Date · Number of Units of Stock That Have Not Vested · Market Value of Units of Stock That Have Not Vested | |||||||||
| Tiago Reis Marques, Chief Executive Officer | (1) | 12/20/2021 | 10,000 | - | $28.80 | 12/20/2031 | - | $ | - |
| (2) | 03/1/24 | 11,669 | 15,000 | $8.13 | 3/1/1934 | - | $ | - | |
| Daniel Schneiderman, Chief Financial Officer | (3) | 10/11/2021 | 10,000 | 5,000 | $25.20 | 10/11/2031 | - | $ | - |
| (4) | 3/1/2024 | 5,927 | 10,000 | $8.13 | 3/1/1934 | - | $ | - | |
| Graeme Currie, Chief Development Officer | (5) | 2/24/2023 | 11,250 | - | $9.82 | 2/24/1933 | - | $ | - |
| (6) | 03/1/24 | 5,938 | - | $8.13 | 3/1/1934 | - | $ | - | |
| (1) | Under the terms of Dr. Marques’ Executive Employment Agreement, on December 20, 2021, he received (i) a grant of 10,000 stock options at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date and (ii) a grant of 10,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”). Dr. Marques’ stock options and RSUs each vest over three years, with one-third vesting 12 months after the grant date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches quarterly for two years thereafter. |
| (2) | Under the terms of the Company’s 2023 Incentive Plan, Dr. Marques received a grant of 26,669 stock options at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date. 11,669 shares vested immediately and 5,000 shares vested on February 28, 2025 and then 10,000 shares vest in equal quarterly tranches for each of the two years thereinafter. |
| (3) | Under the terms of Mr. Schneiderman’s Executive Employment Agreement, on October 11, 2022, he received a grant of 15,000 stock options at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date. Mr. Schneiderman’s stock options each vest over three years, with one-third vesting one year after the grant date, one-third vesting two years after the grant date and the one-third vesting three years after the grant date. |
| (4) | Under the terms of the Company's 2023 Incentive Plan, Mr. Schneiderman received a grant of 15,927 stock options at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date. 5,927 shares vested immediately 3,334 shares vested on February 28, 2025 and 6,666 shares vest in equal quarterly tranches for each of the two years thereinafter. |
| (5) | Under the terms of Dr. Currie’s Executive Employment Agreement, on February 24, 2023, he received a grant of 15,000 stock options at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date. 5,000 of Mr. Currie’s stock options vested on June 30, 2023 and the remaining 10,000 stock options were due to vest in equal quarterly tranches over each of the next two years. Upon Dr. Currie’s resignation on November 15, 2024, 3,750 unvested stock options were cancelled, and the 11,250 vested stock options were cancelled 90 days following Dr. Currie’s termination date on February 13, 2025. |
| (6) | Under the terms of the Company's 2023 Incentive Plan, Dr. Currie received a grant of 5,938 stock options at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date. 5,938 shares vested immediately. The 5,938 vested stock options were cancelled 90 days following Dr. Currie’s termination date on February 13, 2025. |
There were no option exercises by our Named Executive Officers during our fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.
Incentive Award Plans
2023 Incentive Plan
On October 6, 2023, our Board adopted the Company’s 2023 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2023 Incentive Plan”), and our stockholders approved the 2023 Incentive Plan at our 2023 Annual Meeting. As of stockholder approval of the 2023 Incentive Plan, no new grants of awards were made under the Pasithea Therapeutics Corp. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2021 Incentive Plan”) and all new grants of awards will be made under the 2023 Incentive Plan. All unused shares of Common Stock reserved under our 2021 Incentive Plan and shares from outstanding awards that are canceled or forfeited under the 2021 Incentive Plan will be rolled over for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan.
The following description of the material terms of the 2023 Incentive Plan is intended to be a summary only. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the full text of the 2023 Incentive Plan, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.
***Administration.***The 2023 Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. However, the entire Board may act in lieu of the Compensation Committee on any manner. The Compensation Committee has authority, in its discretion, to approve the persons to whom awards may be granted, to make any combination of awards to participants, to accelerate the exercisability or vesting of an award and to determine the specific terms and conditions of each award, subject to the provisions of the 2023 Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee may also approve rules and regulations for the administration of the 2023 Incentive Plan and amendments or modifications of outstanding awards (except that options and Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) cannot be repriced without shareholder approval). The Compensation Committee may delegate authority to the Chief Executive Officer and/or other officers to grant awards to employees (other than themselves), subject to applicable law and the 2023 Incentive Plan. No awards may be made under the 2023 Incentive Plan on or after the tenth anniversary of the date of Board approval of this 2023 Incentive Plan (the “Expiration Date”), but the 2023 Incentive Plan will continue thereafter while previously granted awards remain outstanding.
***Eligibility.***Persons eligible to receive awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan are all employees, officers, directors, consultants, other advisors and other individual service providers of our Company and our subsidiaries, who, in the opinion of the Compensation Committee, are in a position to contribute to the success and growth of the Company, or any person who is determined by the Compensation Committee to be a prospective employee, officer, director, consultant, advisor or other individual service provider of our Company or any subsidiary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, only Company employees are eligible to receive ISO grants. As of October 12, 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries had a total of eight employees, including three officers, and four non-employee directors. In accordance with our Bylaws, directors who are serving the Company as employees and who receive compensation for their services as such, shall not be eligible to receive any other compensation under the 2023 Incentive Plan for their services as directors of the Company. None of our subsidiaries have employees and none of the officers and directors of our subsidiaries are eligible for awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan other than those who are eligible as officers or directors of the Company. As of October 12, 2023, no person is eligible to participate as a result of a determination by the Compensation Committee that that person is a prospective employee, officer, director, consultant, advisor or other individual service provider of the Company or any subsidiary. As awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan are within the discretion of the Compensation Committee, the Company cannot determine how many individuals in each of the categories described above will receive awards.
***Shares Subject to the 2023 Incentive Plan.***The Board has reserved for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan (i) 125,000 shares of Common Stock, plus (ii) such number of unused shares of Common Stock reserved under the 2021 Incentive Plan as of the date of stockholder approval of this 2023 Incentive Plan, which unused reserve shall be rolled in to the 2023 Incentive Plan (subsections (i) and (ii) together, the “Share Reserve”). All such shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan may, but need not, be issued in respect of ISOs. In addition, shares of our Common Stock that relate to any outstanding grants or awards under the 2021 Incentive Plan as of the date of stockholder approval of this 2023 Incentive Plan that are forfeited, cancelled or otherwise lapse in accordance with applicable plan terms or are surrendered in payment of the exercise price and/or withholding taxes shall be rolled into the 2023 Incentive Plan and added to the Share Reserve (but not issued in respect of ISOs).
The number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan will automatically increase on January 1 st of each year commencing with January 1, 2024 and on each January 1 st thereafter until the Expiration Date, in an amount equal to three percent (3%) of the total number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding on the December 31 st of the preceding calendar year, unless the Board takes action prior thereto to provide that there will not be an increase in the share reserve for such year or that the increase in the share reserve for such year will be of a lesser number of shares of Common Stock than would otherwise occur. None of the additional shares of Common Stock available for issuance pursuant to this paragraph shall be issued in respect of ISOs.
If any option or SAR granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan terminates without having been exercised in full or if any award is forfeited, or if shares of Common Stock are withheld to cover withholding taxes on options or other awards or applied to the payment of the exercise price of an option or purchase price of an award, the number of shares of Common Stock as to which such option or award was forfeited, withheld or paid, will be available for future grants under the 2023 Incentive Plan. Awards settled in cash will not count against the number of shares available for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan.
The number of shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance under the 2023 Incentive Plan and the foregoing share limitations are subject to customary adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
***Director Compensation.***The 2023 Incentive Plan provides for an annual limit on non-employee director compensation of $500,000, increased to $750,000 in the fiscal year of a non-employee director’s initial service as a non-employee member of the Board. This limit applies to the sum of both equity grants that could be awarded to non-employee directors during a fiscal year (based on their value under ASC Topic 718 on the grant date) and cash compensation, such as cash retainers and meeting fees earned during a fiscal year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board reserves the right to make an exception to these limits due to extraordinary circumstances without the participation of the affected director receiving additional compensation.
***Terms and Conditions of Options.***Options granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan may be either ISOs or “nonstatutory stock options” that do not meet the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. The Compensation Committee will determine the exercise price of options granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan. The exercise price of stock options may not be less than the fair market value per share of our Common Stock on the date of grant (or 110% of fair market value in the case of ISOs granted to a ten-percent stockholder).
If on the date of grant the Common Stock is listed on a stock exchange or is quoted on the automated quotation system of Nasdaq, the fair market value will generally be the closing sale price on the date of grant (or the last trading day before the date of grant if no trades occurred on the date of grant). If no such prices are available, the fair market value will be determined in good faith by the Compensation Committee based on the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method. On October 12, 2023, the closing sale price of a share of our Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market, adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, was $8.668.
No option may be exercisable for more than ten years (five years in the case of an ISO granted to a ten-percent stockholder) from the date of grant. Options granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan will be exercisable at such time or times as the Compensation Committee prescribes at the time of grant. Unless otherwise provided by the Compensation Committee, no option will provide for vesting or exercise earlier than one year after the date of grant. No employee may receive ISOs that first become exercisable in any calendar year in an amount exceeding $100,000. The Compensation Committee may, in its discretion, permit a holder of a nonstatutory option to exercise the option before it has otherwise become exercisable, in which case the shares of our Common Stock issued to the recipient will continue to be subject to the vesting requirements that applied to the option before exercise.
Generally, the option price may be paid in cash or by certified check, bank draft or money order. The Compensation Committee may permit other methods of payment, including (a) through delivery of shares of our Common Stock having a fair market value equal to the purchase price, (b) by a full recourse, interest bearing promissory note having such terms as the Compensation Committee may permit, or (c) a combination of these methods, as set forth in an award agreement or as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee is authorized to establish a cashless exercise program and to permit the exercise price (or tax withholding obligations) to be satisfied by reducing from the shares otherwise issuable upon exercise a number of shares having a fair market value equal to the exercise price.
No option may be transferred other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and during a recipient’s lifetime an option may be exercised only by the recipient. However, the Compensation Committee may permit the holder of a nonstatutory option to transfer the award to immediate family members or a family trust for estate planning purposes. The Compensation Committee will determine the extent to which a holder of a stock option may exercise the option following termination of service with us.
***Stock Appreciation Rights.***The Compensation Committee may grant SARs independent of or in connection with an option. The Compensation Committee will determine the other terms applicable to SARs. Unless otherwise provided by the Compensation Committee, no SAR will provide for vesting or exercise earlier than one year after the date of grant. The exercise price per share of a SAR will not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of our Common Stock on the date of grant, as determined by the Compensation Committee. The maximum term of any SAR granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan is ten years from the date of grant. Generally, each SAR will entitle a participant upon exercise to an amount equal to:
| ● | the excess of the fair market value on the exercise date of one share of our Common Stock over the exercise price, multiplied by |
| ● | the number of shares of Common Stock covered by the SAR. |
Payment may be made in shares of our Common Stock, in cash, or partly in Common Stock and partly in cash, all as determined by the Compensation Committee.
***Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units.***The Compensation Committee may award restricted Common Stock and/or restricted stock units under the 2023 Incentive Plan. Restricted stock awards consist of shares of Common Stock that are transferred to a participant subject to restrictions that may result in forfeiture if specified conditions are not satisfied. Restricted stock units confer the right to receive shares of our Common Stock, cash, or a combination of shares of Common Stock and cash, at a future date upon or following the attainment of certain conditions specified by the Compensation Committee. The restrictions and conditions applicable to each award of restricted stock or restricted stock units may include performance-based conditions. Unless otherwise provided by the Compensation Committee, no award of restricted stock or restricted stock units will provide for vesting earlier than one year after the date of grant. Dividends or distributions with respect to restricted stock may be paid to the holder of the shares as and when dividends are paid to stockholders or at the time that the restricted stock vests, as determined by the Compensation Committee. If any dividends or distributions are paid in stock before the restricted stock vests, they will be subject to the same restrictions. Dividend equivalent amounts may be deemed reinvested in additional restricted stock units or paid with respect to restricted stock units either when cash dividends are paid to stockholders or when the units vest. Unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, holders of restricted stock will have the right to vote on the shares.
***Performance Shares and Performance Units.***The Compensation Committee may award performance shares and/or performance units under the 2023 Incentive Plan to any eligible employee or other individual service provider other than a non-employee director of the Board. Performance shares and performance units are awards, denominated in either shares of Common Stock or U.S. dollars, which are earned during a specified performance period subject to the attainment of performance criteria, as established by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee will determine the restrictions and conditions applicable to each award of performance shares and performance units.
***Incentive Bonus Awards.***The Compensation Committee may grant incentive bonus awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan from time to time. The terms of incentive bonus awards will be set forth in award agreements. Each award agreement will have such terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee determines, including performance goals and the amount of payment based on achievement of such goals. Incentive bonus awards are payable in cash and/or shares of our Common Stock.
***Other Stock-Based and Cash-Based Awards.***The Compensation Committee may award other types of equity-based or cash-based awards under the 2023 Incentive Plan, including the grant or offer for sale of shares of our Common Stock that do not have vesting requirements and the right to receive one or more cash payments subject to satisfaction of such conditions as the Compensation Committee may impose.
***Effect of Certain Corporate Transactions.*The Compensation Committee may, at the time of the grant of an award provide for the effect of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2023 Incentive Plan) on any award, including (i) accelerating or extending the time periods for exercising, vesting in, or realizing gain from any award, (ii) eliminating or modifying the performance or other conditions of an award, or (iii) providing for the cash settlement of an award for an equivalent cash value, as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee may, in its discretion and without the need for the consent of any recipient of an award, also take one or more of the following actions contingent upon the occurrence of a Change in Control: (a) cause any or all outstanding options and SARs to become immediately exercisable, in whole or in part; (b) cause any other awards **to become non-forfeitable, in whole or in part; (c) cancel any option or SAR in exchange for a substitute option; (d) cancel any award of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares or performance units in exchange for a similar award of the capital stock of any successor corporation; (e) redeem any restricted stock for cash and/or other substitute consideration with a value equal to the fair market value of an unrestricted share of our Common Stock on the date of the change in control; (f) cancel any awards in exchange for cash and/or other property equal to the amount, if any, that would have been attained upon the exercise of such award or realization of rights upon a change in control, but if the change in control consideration with respect to any option or SAR does not exceed its exercise price, the option or SAR may be canceled without payment of any consideration; or (g) take any other action the Compensation Committee deems necessary or appropriate to carry out the terms of any definitive agreement controlling the terms and conditions of the Change in Control.
***Clawback/Recoupment.***Awards granted under the 2023 Incentive Plan will be subject to the requirement that the awards be forfeited or amounts repaid to the Company after they have been distributed to the participant (i) to the extent set forth in an award agreement or (ii) to the extent covered by any clawback or recapture policy adopted by the Company from time to time, or any applicable laws that impose mandatory forfeiture or recoupment, under circumstances set forth in such applicable laws.
***Amendment, Termination.***Our Board may at any time amend, suspend or terminate the 2023 Incentive Plan for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of the Code, or other applicable law or regulation or for any other legal purpose, provided that, without the consent of our stockholders, the Board may not (i) increase the number of shares of Common Stock available under the 2023 Incentive Plan, (ii) change the group of individuals eligible to receive awards, or (iii) extend the term of the 2023 Incentive Plan.
Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. These agreements, among other things, require us or will require us to indemnify each director and executive officer to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including indemnification of expenses such as attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by the director or executive officer in any action or proceeding, including any action or proceeding by or in right of us, arising out of the person’s services as a director or executive officer. For further information, see “Description of Capital Stock-Limitations on Liability and Indemnification Matters.”
Policies and Procedures for Related Person Transactions
Our Board has adopted a written related person transaction policy, setting forth the policies and procedures for the review and approval or ratification of related person transactions. This policy covers, with certain exceptions as set forth in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, any transaction, arrangement or relationship, or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships, in which we were or are to be a participant, where the amount involved will be the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of assets the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, in any fiscal year and a related person had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest, including without limitation, purchases of goods or services by or from the related person or entities in which the related person has a material interest, indebtedness, guarantees of indebtedness and employment by us of a related person. In reviewing and approving any such transactions, our Audit Committee is tasked to consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including, but not limited to (i) whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in an arm’s length transaction with an unrelated party; (ii) the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction; (iii) the benefits to the Company; (iv) the impact on a director’s independence in the event the related person is a director, an immediately family member of a director or an entity in which a director is a partner, stockholder or executive officer; (v) the availability of other sources for comparable products or services; (vi) the terms of the transaction; and (vii) the terms available to unrelated third parties.
All related-party transactions may only be consummated if our Audit Committee has approved or ratified such transaction in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the policy. Any member of the Audit Committee who is a related person with respect to a transaction under review will not be permitted to participate in the deliberations or vote respecting approval or ratification of the transaction. However, such director may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Audit Committee that considers the transaction.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification Matters
Our Certificate of Incorporation limits our directors’ liability to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law, which prohibits our Certificate of Incorporation from limiting the liability of our directors for the following:
| ● | any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; |
| ● | acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; |
| ● | unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions; or |
| ● | any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. |
If Delaware law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director, then the liability of our directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as so amended.
Our Bylaws provide that we indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law and that we shall have the power to indemnify our employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by law. Our Bylaws also permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in this capacity, regardless of whether we would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers, in addition to indemnification provided for in our Bylaws. These agreements, among other things, provide for indemnification of our directors and officers for expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by such persons in any action or proceeding arising out of this person’s services as a director or officer or at our request. We believe that these provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and executive officers.
The above description of the limitation of liability and indemnification provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, our Bylaws and our indemnification agreements is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to these documents, each of which is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and our stockholders. A stockholder’s investment may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. There is no pending litigation or proceeding naming any of our directors or officers as to which indemnification is being sought, nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any director or officer.
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth for each non-employee director that served as a director during the year ended December 31, 2024 certain information concerning his or her compensation for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Year Ended December 31, 2024
| Name · Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) · Stock Awards ($) · Option Awards ($) (1) · Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) · Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) · All Other Compensation ($) · Total ($) (2) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professor Lawrence Steinman | (3) | 250,000 | - | 47,195 | - | - | - | 297,195 |
| Simon Dumesnil | (4) | 60,000 | - | 47,195 | - | - | - | 107,195 |
| Dr. Emer Leahy | (5) | 60,000 | - | 47,195 | - | - | - | 107,195 |
| Alfred Novak | (6) | 60,000 | - | 31,463 | - | - | - | 91,463 |
| (1) | In accordance with SEC rules, the amounts in this column reflect the fair value on the grant date of the option awards granted to the named executive, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. Stock options were valued using the Black-Scholes model. The grant-date fair value does not necessarily reflect the value of shares which may be received in the future with respect to these awards. The grant-date fair value of the stock options in this column is a non-cash expense for the Company that reflects the fair value of the stock options on the grant date and therefore does not affect our cash balance. The fair value of the stock options will likely vary from the actual value the holder receives because the actual value depends on the number of options exercised and the market price of our Common Stock on the date of exercise. For a discussion of the assumptions made in the valuation of the stock options, see Note 5 (Stockholders’ Equity) to our financial statements, which are included in this 10-K. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock underlying stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2024 held by each of Prof. Lawrence Steinman, Simon Dumesnil, Dr. Emer Leahy and Alfred Novak was 12,500, 12,500, 12,500 and 10,000, respectively. |
| (2) | All directors receive reimbursement for reasonable out of pocket expenses in attending Board meetings and for participating in our business. |
| (3) | Under the terms of the Company’s 2023 Incentive Plan, Dr. Steinman received a grant of 7,500 stock options at an exercise price of $8.13 per share, equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date of March 1, 2024. |
| (4) | Under the terms of the Company’s 2023 Incentive Plan, Mr. Dumesnil received a grant of 7,500 stock options at an exercise price of $8.13 per share, equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date of March 1, 2024. |
| (5) | Under the terms of the Company’s 2023 Incentive Plan, Dr. Leahy received a grant of 7,500 stock options at an exercise price of $8.13 per share, equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date of March 1, 2024. |
| (6) | Under the terms of the Company’s 2023 Incentive Plan, Mr. Novak received a grant of 5,000 stock options at an exercise price of $8.13 per share, equal to the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on the grant date of March 1, 2024. $10,000 of the fees earned for services rendered during fiscal year 2024 will be paid in fiscal year 2025. |
Compensation Policy for Non-Employee Directors.
The material terms of the non-employee director compensation program, as it is currently contemplated, are summarized below.
The non-employee director compensation program provides for annual retainer fees and/or long-term equity awards for our non-employee directors. Each non-employee director is eligible to receive an annual retainer of $50,000 plus an additional $10,000 for each Board committee that he or she chairs. A non-employee director serving as Chairman of the Board is eligible to receive an additional annual retainer of $100,000. Additionally, upon joining the Board, non-employee directors are eligible to receive stock options to purchase 5,000 shares of Common Stock, with 50% of the shares subject to the options vesting after the first year of service and 50% vesting after the second year.
Compensation under our non-employee director compensation policy is subject to the annual limits on non-employee director compensation set forth in the 2023 Incentive Plan, as described above. Our Board or an authorized committee may modify the non-employee director compensation program from time to time in the exercise of its business judgment, taking into account such factors, circumstances and considerations as it shall deem relevant from time to time, subject to the annual limit on non-employee director compensation set forth in the 2023 Incentive Plan. As provided in the 2023 Incentive Plan, our Board or its authorized committee may make exceptions to this limit for individual non-employee directors in extraordinary circumstances, as the Board or its authorized committee may determine in its discretion.
Consulting Agreement with Prof. Lawrence Steinman
The Steinman Consulting Agreement memorializes the compensation arrangements pursuant to which Prof. Steinman has been compensated for his services to our Company, as previously disclosed in our public filings. Pursuant to the Steinman Consulting Agreement, Prof. Steinman provides a variety of consulting and advisory services relating principally to the clinical and commercial development of our product candidates, including our research and development strategy through all phases of discovery and preclinical development, identifying potential partners for our pre-clinical assets, and business development efforts related to our pre-clinical assets, among other things. Pursuant to the Steinman Consulting Agreement, Prof. Steinman receives $25,000 per quarter for his services.
The Company’s Policies and Practices Related to the Grant of Certain Equity Awards Close in Time to the Release of nonpublic Information.
We do not have any formal policy that requires us to grant, or avoid granting, equity-based compensation to our executive officers at certain times. Consistent with our annual compensation cycle, the Compensation, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has for several years granted annual equity awards to its executive officers and directors at the start of the new fiscal year. The timing of any equity grants to executive officers in connection with new hires, promotions, or other non-routine grants is tied to the event giving rise to the award (such as an executive officer’s commencement of employment or promotion effective date). As a result, in all cases, the timing of grants of equity awards, including stock options, occurs independent of the release of any material nonpublic information, and we do not time the disclosure of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of equity-based compensation.
No stock options were issued to executive officers in fiscal year 2024 during any period beginning four business days before the filing of a periodic report or current report disclosing material non-public information and ending one business day after the filing or furnishing of such report with the SEC.
The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.