AMEREN CORP

Below are some key trends, events, and uncertainties that may reasonably affect our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity, as well as our ability to achieve strategic and financial objectives, for 2026 and beyond. For additional information regarding recent rate orders, lawsuits, and pending requests filed with state and federal regulatory commissions, including those discussed below, see Note 2 – Rate and Regulatory Matters and Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies under Part II, Item 8, of this report.

Operations

•The PPRA became effective in August 2025. The law made modifications to integrated resource planning, which requires Missouri electric utilities to file plans for meeting their customers' long-term energy needs. By August 2027, the MoPSC will publish a schedule for Missouri electric utilities to file integrated resource plans every four years. The MoPSC will be required to issue an order on the plans and shall determine whether the electric utility has submitted sufficient documentation and selected preferred resource plans representing a reasonable and prudent means of serving the utility's load obligations at just and reasonable rates. In making this determination, the MoPSC shall consider whether the plans appropriately balance specific factors described in the law. If the MoPSC approves the plans, requests for CCNs for new generation facilities to be constructed or acquired as a part of the approved plans shall be deemed necessary and convenient and the scope of the CCN proceedings to review projects will be limited. The approved generation facilities will also be eligible to include construction work in progress in rate base, subject to MoPSC approval, which would improve the timeliness of cash recovery. Utilities are not allowed to capitalize allowance for funds used during construction on amounts included in rate base under this provision. The amount of construction work in progress to be included in rate base is limited to prudently incurred expenditures made within the construction period for the facility. Separately, outside of the integrated resource planning process discussed above, the law allows a Missouri electric utility to request that the MoPSC authorize the inclusion of construction work in progress for new natural gas-fired generation facilities in rate base, subject to the same restrictions discussed above. The provisions allowing for the inclusion of construction work in progress on natural gas-fired generation in rate base expire in December 2035, unless Ameren Missouri requests and receives MoPSC approval of an extension through 2045. Also, beginning in July 2026 the law allows natural gas utilities to file regulatory rate reviews using a future test year, subject to MoPSC approval. If a natural gas utility is allowed to use a future test year, a reconciliation of the actual rate base and certain forecasted costs will be performed 45 days after the end of the test year. If a given year’s actual revenue requirement is less than the revenue requirement approved by the MoPSC due to changes in rate base or certain other costs, an adjustment is made to reduce natural gas operating revenues with an offset to a regulatory liability to reflect that test year’s amounts. The regulatory liability will then be refunded to customers in the next regulatory rate review and will accrue carrying costs at the applicable WACC. The law also made modifications to the PISA and requires electric utilities to submit service tariff schedules for certain large load customers as discussed below.

•The PISA permits Ameren Missouri to defer and recover 85% of the depreciation expense for investments in qualifying property, plant, and equipment placed in service and not included in base rates. Investments not eligible for recovery under the PISA include amounts related to new nuclear generation facilities and service to new customer premises. Additionally, the PISA permits Ameren Missouri to earn a return at the applicable WACC on 85% of rate base that incorporates those qualifying investments, as well as changes in total accumulated depreciation excluding retirements and plant-related deferred income taxes since the previous regulatory rate review. The regulatory asset for accumulated PISA deferrals also earns a return at the applicable WACC until added to rate base prospectively. Ameren Missouri recognizes an offset to “Interest Charges” on its consolidated statement of income for its carrying cost of debt relating to each return allowed under the PISA, with the difference between the applicable WACC and its carrying cost of debt recognized in revenues when recovery of PISA deferrals is reflected in customer rates. Approved PISA deferrals are recovered over a period of 20 years following a regulatory rate review. Additionally, under the RESRAM, Ameren Missouri is permitted to recover the 15% of depreciation expense not recovered under the PISA, and earn a return at the applicable WACC for investments in renewable generation plant placed in service to comply with Missouri’s renewable energy standard. Accumulated RESRAM deferrals earn carrying costs at short-term interest rates. The PISA and the RESRAM mitigate the effects of regulatory lag between regulatory rate reviews. Those investments not eligible for recovery under the PISA and the remaining 15% of certain property, plant, and equipment placed in service, unless eligible for recovery under the RESRAM, remain subject to regulatory lag. As a result of the PISA election, additional provisions of the law apply to Ameren Missouri, including limitations on electric customer rate increases caused by the inclusion of incremental PISA deferrals in the revenue requirement. Pursuant to the PPRA discussed above, Ameren Missouri’s PISA election was extended through 2035 and an additional extension through 2040 is allowed if requested by Ameren Missouri and approved by the MoPSC. This law also reduced the annual limit on increases to the electric service revenue requirement used to set customer rates, compared to the revenue requirement established in the immediately preceding rate order, due to the inclusion of incremental PISA deferrals in the revenue requirement. The annual limit in effect was 2.5% and changed to 2.25%, prorated monthly, for revenue requirements approved by the MoPSC after August 2025. Ameren Missouri expects significantly higher investments in infrastructure eligible for PISA and AFUDC in 2026, compared to 2025.

•In April 2025, the MoPSC issued an order that authorized an increase of $355 million to Ameren Missouri’s annual revenue requirement for electric retail service, effective June 1, 2025. The order changed annualized depreciation, regulatory asset and liability amortization amounts, and the base level of expenses for trackers. On an annualized basis, these changes reflect an increase in “Depreciation and amortization” of approximately $70 million, among other expense changes, on Ameren’s and Ameren Missouri’s consolidated statements of income. As a result of this order, Ameren Missouri expects a year-over-year increase to 2026 earnings, compared to 2025, of approximately $30 million.

•In July 2025, the MoPSC issued an order in Ameren Missouri’s 2024 natural gas delivery service regulatory rate review, approving a unanimous stipulation and agreement. The order authorized an increase of $32 million to Ameren Missouri’s annual revenue requirement for natural gas delivery service, effective September 1, 2025.

•The PPRA requires an electric utility to develop and submit to the MoPSC schedules that include its service tariff applicable to certain large load customers. These schedules must reasonably ensure that such high-demand customers’ rates reflect a representative share of the costs incurred to serve them and must prevent other lower-demand customer rates from reflecting any unjust or unreasonable costs arising from service provided to these high-demand customers. In November 2025, the MoPSC approved Ameren Missouri’s request to modify its existing large primary service tariff to require customers requesting 75 MWs or more of demand and who are served at transmission level voltage to comply with additional tariff terms. The additional terms include a service term of 12 years plus a ramp period of up to five years to reach peak demand, minimum demand charges of 80% of contracted capacity, customer exit terms and fees, and customer credit and collateral requirements, among other terms. In addition, new customer programs would be available under this tariff, which allow customers to support renewable generation, battery storage, and/or nuclear generation through incremental payments. The MoPSC order also includes an earnings sharing mechanism that would apply if Ameren Missouri’s earned ROE for a calendar year exceeds 9.74%, which can be adjusted by the MoPSC in future electric rate orders. If this were to occur, Ameren Missouri would defer 65% of the return in excess of the 9.74% ROE to a regulatory liability, which would be returned to retail electric customers in a future rate review. In addition, if large load customer revenues were reduced in a calendar year due to certain events, as determined by the MoPSC, Ameren Missouri may defer a portion of the reduced revenues to a regulatory asset to be included in its revenue requirement in the next electric rate review. In February 2026, Ameren Missouri executed electric service agreements with large load customers consistent with the tariff terms discussed above, representing 2.2 gigawatts of demand. Ameren and Ameren Missouri do not expect a material impact to their results of operations, financial position, or liquidity in 2026 related to these agreements.

•Ameren Illinois and ATXI use a forward-looking rate calculation with an annual revenue requirement reconciliation for each company’s electric transmission business. Based on expected rate base and the currently allowed 10.48% ROE, which includes a 50-basis-point incentive adder for participation in an RTO, the revenue requirements that will be included in 2026 rates for Ameren Illinois’ and ATXI’s electric transmission businesses are $685 million and $265 million, respectively. These revenue requirements represent increases in Ameren Illinois’ and ATXI’s revenue requirements of $42 million and $33 million, respectively, from the revenue requirements reflected in 2025 rates, primarily due to higher expected rate base. These rates will affect Ameren Illinois’ and ATXI’s cash receipts during 2026, but will not determine their respective electric transmission service operating revenues, which will instead be based on 2026 actual recoverable costs, rate base, and a return on rate base at the applicable WACC as calculated under the FERC formula ratemaking framework.

•In 2020, the FERC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on its transmission incentives policy, which proposed to increase the incentive ROE for participation in an RTO to 100 basis points from the current 50 basis points and revised the parameters for awarding incentives, while limiting the overall incentives to a cap of 250 basis points, among other things. In 2021, the FERC issued a Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, which proposed to modify the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking’s incentive for participation in an RTO by limiting this incentive for utilities that join an RTO to 50 basis points and only allowing them to earn the incentive for three years, among other things. If this proposal is included in a final rule, Ameren Illinois and ATXI would no longer be eligible for the 50 basis point RTO incentive adder, prospectively. The FERC is under no deadline to issue a final rule on this matter. Ameren is unable to predict the ultimate impact of any changes to the FERC’s incentives policy. A 50-basis-point change in the FERC-allowed ROE would affect Ameren’s and Ameren Illinois’ annual net income by an estimated $19 million and $14 million, respectively, based on each company’s 2026 projected rate base.

•Pursuant to the CEJA, Ameren Illinois may file an MYRP with the ICC to establish base rates for electric distribution service to be charged to customers for each calendar year of a four-year period. The base rates for a particular calendar year are based on forecasted recoverable costs and an ICC-determined ROE applied to Ameren Illinois’ forecasted average annual rate base using a forecasted capital structure, with a common equity ratio of up to 50% being deemed prudent and reasonable by law and a higher equity ratio requiring specific ICC approval. The ROE determined by the ICC for each calendar year of the four-year period is subject to annual adjustments based on certain performance incentives and penalties. An MYRP allows Ameren Illinois to reconcile electric distribution service rates to its actual revenue requirement on an annual basis, subject to a reconciliation cap and adjustments to the ROE. Under the MYRP discussed below, Ameren Illinois’ 2026 electric distribution service revenues will be based on its 2026 actual recoverable costs, 2026 year-end rate base, and an ROE of 8.72%, as adjusted for any performance incentives or penalties, provided the actual revenue requirement does not exceed the reconciliation cap. If a given year’s revenue amount collected from customers varies from the approved revenue requirement, an adjustment is made to electric operating revenues with an offset to a regulatory asset or liability to reflect that year’s actual revenue requirement. The regulatory balance is then collected from, or refunded to, customers within two years from the end of the applicable annual period. Additionally, the RBA ensures electric distribution service revenues are decoupled from sales volumes and wholesale and miscellaneous revenue differences from those assumed in the revenue requirement approved by the ICC. The RBA remains effective whether Ameren Illinois elects to file an MYRP or a traditional regulatory rate review. In December 2025, the ICC issued an order approving Ameren Illinois’ 2024 electric distribution service revenue requirement reconciliation adjustment filing. This order approved an adjustment increasing the allowed revenue requirement by $48 million, which will be collected from customers in 2026. In February 2026, the ICC denied Ameren Illinois’ rehearing request to include an asset associated with other postretirement benefits in the rate base, among other things. Ameren Illinois is assessing whether to pursue an appeal with the Illinois Appellate Court for the Fifth Judicial District in the first half of 2026.

•In December 2024, the ICC issued an order in connection with a revised Grid Plan and a revised MYRP filed by Ameren Illinois in March 2024, approving revenue requirements for electric distribution services for 2024 through 2027 of $1,206 million, $1,287 million, $1,367 million, and $1,421 million, respectively. Using the 2023 revenue requirement as a starting point, the approved revenue requirements in the ICC’s December 2024 order represent a cumulative four-year increase of $308 million. Rate changes consistent with the December 2024 order became effective in December 2024. In March 2025, Ameren Illinois filed an appeal of the ICC’s December 2024 order to the Illinois Appellate Court for the Fifth Judicial District to revise the allowed ROE and to include an asset associated with other postretirement benefits in the rate base, among other things. The appellate court is under no deadline to address the appeal, and Ameren Illinois cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the appeal.

•In January 2026, the CRGA was enacted and will become effective in June 2026. The law includes certain provisions that affect Ameren Illinois’ annual investments in energy-efficiency programs, and the related return on those investments. Under the law, the annual spending cap for energy-efficiency investments will increase to $178 million, $222 million, and $256 million for 2027, 2028, and 2029, respectively. In addition, beginning in 2027, the ROE component of the applicable WACC used to calculate Ameren Illinois’ return on energy-efficiency investments for the year will be that year’s ICC-approved ROE for Ameren Illinois’ electric distribution service. The allowed ROE can be increased or decreased up to 200 basis points, depending on the achievement of annual energy savings and demand goals.

•Pursuant to Illinois law, Ameren Illinois’ electric energy-efficiency investments are deferred as a regulatory asset and earn a return at the applicable WACC. Through 2026, the ROE component of the applicable WACC is based on the annual average of the monthly yields of the 30-year United States Treasury bonds plus 580 basis points. Pursuant to the CRGA discussed above, beginning in 2027, the ROE component of the applicable WACC for a given year will be that year’s ICC approved ROE for Ameren Illinois’ electric distribution service. The allowed ROE on electric energy-efficiency investments can be increased or decreased by up to 200 basis points, depending on the achievement of annual energy savings and demand goals. While the ICC has approved a plan for Ameren Illinois to invest approximately $126 million per year in electric energy-efficiency programs through 2029, the ICC has the ability to reduce the amount of electric energy-efficiency savings goals in future program years if there are insufficient cost-effective programs available, which could reduce the investments in electric energy-efficiency programs. Pursuant to the CRGA, Ameren Illinois is required to file an updated energy-efficiency plan for 2027 through 2029 by June 1, 2026 to reflect the spending cap increases discussed above.

•In November 2025, the ICC issued an order in Ameren Illinois’ January 2025 natural gas delivery service regulatory rate review, which resulted in an increase to its annual revenues for natural gas delivery service of $79 million. The order reflected a reduction of $75 million of planned distribution and transmission capital investments included in Ameren Illinois’ future test year request. The new rates became effective December 2025. In January 2026, Ameren Illinois filed an appeal of the ICC’s November 2025 order and the ICC’s January 2026 order rejecting Ameren Illinois’ rehearing request to the Illinois Appellate Court for the Fifth Judicial District. The appeal challenged the inclusion of the non-service cost component of the net periodic benefit income related to other postretirement benefits in the annual revenue requirement and the $75 million reduction of planned capital investments, among other things. The court is under no deadline to address the appeal, and Ameren Illinois cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the appeal.

•A November 2023 ICC order directed the ICC staff to develop a plan for a future of gas proceeding. All of the Illinois natural gas utilities subject to ICC regulation are included in this proceeding, which is exploring issues involving the decarbonization of the natural gas distribution system in light of the state of Illinois’ goal of economy-wide 100% clean energy by 2050, pursuant to the CEJA. Some of the issues being addressed include the mitigation of any natural gas distribution stranded assets, the role of energy efficiency in decarbonization, and the associated impacts of natural gas decarbonization to the electric distribution system, among others. A final ICC staff report is expected by the end of 2026 and will be used by the ICC to guide further action, if any.

•Ameren Missouri’s next refueling and maintenance outage at the Callaway Energy Center is scheduled for the fall of 2026. During a scheduled refueling, which occurs every 18 months, maintenance expenses are deferred as a regulatory asset and amortized until the completion of the next refueling and maintenance outage. During an outage, depending on the availability of its other generation sources and the market prices for power, Ameren Missouri’s purchased power costs may increase and the amount of excess power available for sale may decrease versus non-outage years. Changes in purchased power costs and excess power available for sale are included in the FAC, which results in limited impacts to earnings. In addition, Ameren Missouri may incur increased non-nuclear energy center maintenance costs in non-outage years.

•In late 2024 three turbines at the High Prairie Energy Center collapsed, resulting in significantly reduced operation of the energy center. While the investigation into the cause of the collapse is ongoing, a large majority of the turbines at the energy center have returned to operation, and work is ongoing to restore the remaining turbines.

•Ameren Missouri and Ameren Illinois continue to make infrastructure investments and expect to seek increases to electric and natural gas rates to recover the cost of investments and earn an adequate return. Ameren Missouri and Ameren Illinois will also seek new, or to maintain existing, regulatory and legislative solutions to address regulatory lag and to support investment in their utility infrastructure for the benefit of their customers. Ameren Missouri and Ameren Illinois continue to face cost recovery pressures, higher cost of debt, customer conservation efforts, the impacts of additional customer energy-efficiency programs, and increased customer use of increasingly cost-effective advancements in innovative energy technologies, including private generation and battery storage. We expect a net increase in demand resulting from the electrification of the economy, including in the transportation sector. In addition, several entities in various industries, including data center, healthcare, manufacturing, distribution, warehousing, alternative energy, fabrication, and food production, are considering either locating or expanding their operations within our service territories. In February 2026, Ameren Missouri executed electric service agreements with large load customers under the modified tariff as discussed above, representing 2.2 gigawatts of demand. Construction agreements have been signed with developers representing 3.4 gigawatts of demand, which includes the executed electric service agreements. Serving these new loads will require increased investments, including future investments for system reliability improvements and new generation sources, that will result in rate base growth.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

•In 2025 and 2026, the presidential administration took executive action to impose additional foreign trade tariffs on various goods imported from numerous countries, and several of these countries imposed retaliatory foreign trade tariffs in response. Some of these foreign trade tariffs have been modified several times and/or paused for specific periods of time. The Ameren Companies have not experienced material impacts on their results of operations, financial position, or liquidity to date, however the foreign trade tariffs may have future impacts. The Ameren Companies will continue to assess the impact of such foreign trade tariffs or other potential presidential administrative action and take actions to mitigate risks associated with costs and project timelines.

•As discussed above, several entities in various industries, including data center and manufacturing, are considering either locating or expanding their operations within Ameren Missouri’s service territory. In order to address these load growth opportunities and ensure reliability, Ameren Missouri filed a notice of change in its September 2023 preferred resource plan with the MoPSC in February 2025. Ameren is continuing to target net-zero carbon emissions by 2045, as well as a 60% reduction by 2030 and an 85% reduction by 2040 based on 2005 levels in a safe, reliable, and affordable manner. Ameren’s goals include both reduction of direct emissions from operations (scope 1), as well as electricity usage at Ameren buildings (scope 2), including other greenhouse gas emissions of methane, nitrous oxide, and sulfur hexafluoride. Achieving these goals will be dependent on a variety of factors, including cost-effective advancements in innovative energy technologies and constructive federal and state energy and economic policies. The 2025 Change to the 2023 PRP includes, among other things, the following:

•estimated total load growth of 1.5 gigawatts by 2032 and 2.5 gigawatts by 2040;

•adding 1,600 MWs of natural gas-fired simple-cycle generation by 2030, which will be achieved through the natural gas generation projects discussed in Note 2 – Rate and Regulatory Matters under Part II, Item 8, of this report, and an additional 1,200 MWs by 2043;

•adding 2,100 MWs of natural gas-fired combined-cycle generation by 2035 and an additional 1,200 MWs by 2040;

•adding 3,200 MWs of renewable generation by 2030, which includes the solar generation projects discussed in Note 2 – Rate and Regulatory Matters under Part II, Item 8, of this report, and an additional 1,500 MWs by 2035;

•adding 1,000 MWs of battery storage by 2030, which includes the Big Hollow Battery Energy Storage Project discussed in Note 2 – Rate and Regulatory Matters under Part II, Item 8, of this report, and an additional 800 MWs by 2042;

•adding 1,500 MWs of nuclear generation by 2040;

•retiring all of Ameren Missouri’s coal-fired energy centers by 2042;

•retiring 1,800 MWs of Ameren Missouri’s natural gas-fired energy centers by 2040 to comply with Illinois law;

•the continued implementation of customer energy-efficiency and demand response programs; and

•the expectation that Ameren Missouri will seek and receive NRC approval for an extension of the operating license for the Callaway Energy Center beyond its current 2044 expiration date.

Ameren Missouri’s plan could be affected by, among other factors: Ameren Missouri’s ability to obtain CCNs from the MoPSC, and any other required state or federal approvals for the addition of renewable resources, battery storage, or nuclear or natural gas-fired generation, retirement of energy centers, and new or continued customer energy-efficiency programs; the ability to enter into agreements for renewable, natural gas-fired, or nuclear generation or battery storage and acquire or construct those resources at a reasonable cost; the ability of suppliers, contractors, and developers to meet contractual commitments and complete projects timely, which is dependent upon the availability of necessary labor, materials, and equipment, geopolitical conflict, or government actions, among other things; changes in the scope and timing of projects; the ability to enter into natural gas supply agreements at reasonable prices and adequate quantities to power Ameren Missouri’s natural gas-fired energy centers; the continued existence and ability to qualify for, and use or transfer, federal production or investment tax credits; the ability to maintain system reliability; new and/or changes in environmental regulations, including those related to CO 2 and other greenhouse gas emissions; energy prices; and demand; Ameren Missouri’s ability to obtain necessary rights-of-way, easements, and transmission interconnection agreements at an acceptable cost and in a timely fashion; the ability to earn an adequate return on invested capital; and the ability to raise capital on reasonable terms. Also, changes to capacity accreditation rules adopted by the MISO could reduce the accredited capacity of renewable generation and battery storage and increase regional capacity prices, potentially requiring additional investment and higher costs to satisfy resource adequacy requirements. In addition, the presidential administration has issued executive orders and taken other actions to increase investment in fossil fuel infrastructure. This change in federal domestic energy policy has created uncertainty regarding the role existing renewable generation will play in supporting the United States’ energy grid and the timing and extent of future renewable generation infrastructure development. Ameren Missouri’s plan could be affected by this change in energy policy. Ameren Missouri expects to file its next preferred resource plan in September 2026.

•Through 2030, we expect to make significant capital expenditures to improve our electric and natural gas utility infrastructure, with a major portion directed to our transmission and distribution systems, as well as generation and battery storage facilities that align with the 2025 Change to the 2023 PRP discussed above. We estimate that we will invest up to $33.1 billion (Ameren Missouri – up to $22.2 billion; Ameren Illinois – up to $8.3 billion; ATXI – up to $2.6 billion) of capital expenditures during the period from 2026 through 2030. These estimates include the MISO long-range transmission projects assigned to Ameren, as well as the first tranche competitive projects awarded to ATXI discussed below.

•In 2021, the MISO issued a report outlining a preliminary long-range transmission planning roadmap of projects through 2039, which considers the rapidly changing generation mix within MISO resulting from significant additions of renewable generation, actual and expected generation plant closures, and state mandates or goals for clean energy or carbon emissions reductions. In 2022, the MISO approved the first tranche of projects under the roadmap. A portion of these projects were assigned to various utilities, of which Ameren was awarded projects that are estimated to cost approximately $1.8 billion, based on the MISO’s cost estimate. Related to these projects, Ameren began substation upgrades in 2024 in advance of transmission line construction, which is expected to begin in spring 2026, with forecasted completion dates near the end of this decade. In addition, the MISO awarded three competitive bid projects to ATXI that represent a total estimated investment of approximately $220 million for ATXI. Also in 2024, the MISO approved a first set of second tranche projects. A portion of these projects were assigned to Ameren and are estimated to cost approximately $1.3 billion, based on the MISO’s cost estimate. The first set of second tranche projects also includes competitive bid projects. The remaining competitive bid projects that have not been awarded are estimated to cost $4.4 billion, which includes projects located in Illinois that are estimated to cost $1.7 billion, based on the MISO’s cost estimate. The competitive bid process is expected to continue through 2026. Separately, in July 2025, the FERC approved transmission rate incentives relating to the second tranche projects assigned to Ameren. The incentives will allow construction work in progress to be included in rate base for projects constructed by ATXI, thereby improving the timeliness of cash recovery, and would allow recovery of prudently incurred costs, subject to FERC approval, for any portion of the projects if they are abandoned for reasons beyond the control of Ameren. ATXI will not capitalize allowance for funds used during construction on the related projects.

•In 2025, the presidential administration issued several executive orders on environmental regulations and enforcement. Many of these actions require further implementation by the EPA, and some of these actions will likely be subject to further judicial review. Grid reliability, environmental, or other regulations, including those related to CO 2 or other emissions, or other executive orders or actions taken by federal or state regulators, including federal orders related to planned retirements of coal-fired power plants, could result in significant changes in capital expenditures and operating costs. Regulations can be reviewed and repealed, and replacement or alternative regulations can be proposed or adopted by the regulatory agencies, including the EPA. See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies under Part II, Item 8, of this report, for additional information on environmental matters. The ultimate implementation of any of these new regulations, as well as the timing of any such implementation, is uncertain. Ameren Missouri’s operating costs and capital expenditures are subject to MoPSC prudence reviews, which could result in cost disallowances, as well as regulatory lag. The cost of Ameren Illinois’ purchased power and natural gas purchased for resale could increase. However, Ameren Illinois expects that these costs would be recovered from customers with no material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.

Ameren’s and Ameren Missouri’s earnings could benefit from increased investment to comply with environmental regulations if those investments are reflected and recovered on a timely basis in customer rates.

•The Ameren Companies have multiyear Credit Agreements that cumulatively provide $3.2 billion of credit through December 2030, subject to a 364-day repayment term for Ameren Missouri and Ameren Illinois, with the option to seek incremental commitments to increase the cumulative credit provided to $4.0 billion. See Note 4 – Short-term Debt and Liquidity under Part II, Item 8, of this report for additional information regarding the Credit Agreements. See Note 5 – Long-term Debt and Equity Financings under Part II, Item 8, of this report for outstanding forward sale agreements, issuances and maturities of long-term debt through the date of this report, and maturities of long-term debt from 2026 to 2030 and beyond at Ameren (parent), Ameren Missouri, Ameren Illinois, and ATXI. Ameren (parent) entered into interest rate swaps to hedge a portion of its interest rate risk on cash flows related to certain forecasted debt issuances to occur in 2026 and 2027. The use of cash provided by operating activities and short-term borrowings to fund capital expenditures and other long-term investments at the Ameren Companies frequently results in a working capital deficit, defined as current liabilities exceeding current assets, as was the case at December 31, 2025, for Ameren and Ameren Missouri. Ameren, Ameren Missouri, and Ameren Illinois each believe that their liquidity is adequate given their respective expected operating cash flows, capital expenditures, and financing plans, and expect to continue to have access to the capital and credit markets on reasonable terms when needed. However, there can be no assurance that significant changes in economic conditions, disruptions in the capital and credit markets, or other unforeseen events will not materially affect their ability to execute their expected operating, capital, or financing plans.

•Ameren expects its cash used for currently planned capital expenditures and dividends to exceed cash provided by operating activities over the next several years. As part of its funding plan for capital expenditures, Ameren is using newly issued shares of common stock to satisfy requirements under the DRPlus and employee benefit plans and expects to continue to do so through at least 2030. Additionally, Ameren may offer and sell from time to time common stock, including under its ATM program, which includes the ability to enter into forward sale agreements, subject to market conditions and other factors. As of December 31, 2025, Ameren had multiple forward sale agreements with various counterparties relating to 6.4 million shares of common stock, which it expects to settle in 2026. Ameren’s equity financing plan is estimated to be approximately $4 billion from 2026 to 2030. This plan includes equity issuances under forward sales agreements, the DRPlus, and employee benefit plans, and could include issuances of hybrid debt securities. Ameren expects the financing plans to be aligned with the timing of generation investments. In August 2025, Ameren increased the amount of common stock available for sale under the ATM program by $1.25 billion to a total of $3 billion. As of December 31, 2025, Ameren had approximately $1.5 billion of common stock remaining available for sale under the ATM program. The Ameren Companies expect their equity to total capitalization and cash flow metrics to support solid investment-grade credit ratings. Ameren Missouri and Ameren Illinois expect to fund cash flow needs through debt issuances, cash provided by operating activities, and/or capital contributions from Ameren (parent).

•The IRA was enacted in 2022, and includes various income tax provisions, among other things. The law extends federal production and investment tax credits for projects that began construction through 2024 and creates production and investment tax credits and nuclear production tax credits for projects beginning construction after 2024, subject to the phase out provisions established by the OBBBA as discussed below. The law allows for transferability, subject to revisions made by the OBBBA discussed below, to an unrelated party for cash of up to 100% of certain tax credits generated after 2022.

•The OBBBA was enacted in July 2025 and includes various income tax provisions, among other things. The OBBBA modified provisions of the IRA related to production and investment tax credits. The new law maintains production and investment tax credits for solar and wind projects that begin construction within one year of the OBBBA’s enactment and are placed in-service by the end of 2030. Projects that begin construction after one year from enactment of the OBBBA but are placed in service by the end of 2027 also remain eligible. The law provides investment tax credits for battery storage projects that begin construction by the end of 2033, which phase out by the end of 2035. Renewable energy projects that begin construction in 2026 and beyond that use a certain threshold percentage of materials from prohibited foreign entities, as defined in the OBBBA, are not eligible for the tax credits. Production tax credits associated with nuclear generation remain unchanged from the IRA and phase out by the end of 2032. Furthermore, the new law continues to allow for transferability of the production and investment tax credits to an unrelated party for cash but such credits are restricted from being transferred to specified foreign entities, as defined in the OBBBA. Ameren did not have any material impacts on its results of operations, financial position, and liquidity in 2025 related to the OBBBA. Implementation of the OBBBA provisions is subject to additional guidance, regulations, interpretations, amendments, or technical corrections that may be issued by the IRS or United States Department of Treasury. Ameren will continue to monitor and assess any impacts related to the OBBBA.

•Pursuant to the IRA and the OBBBA discussed above, Ameren Missouri expects to transfer production and investment tax credits to unrelated parties in an aggregate amount of approximately $1.8 billion from 2026 to 2030. Proceeds from these transfers are included in Ameren Missouri’s tracker related to production and investment tax credits allowed under the IRA and the OBBBA or the RESRAM and are ultimately refunded to customers.

•As of December 31, 2025, Ameren had $178 million in tax benefits from federal and state income tax credit carryforwards, $165 million in tax benefits from federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, and $22 million in tax receivables, which will be utilized in future periods. Future expected income tax payments are based on expected taxable income, available income tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards, and current tax law. Expected taxable income is affected by expected capital expenditures, when property, plant, and equipment is placed in-service or retired, and the timing of regulatory reviews, among other things. Ameren expects annual federal income tax payments to be immaterial through 2030.

The above items could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position, and liquidity. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, we evaluate strategies to enhance our results of operations, financial position, and liquidity. These strategies may include acquisitions, divestitures, opportunities to reduce costs or increase revenues, and other strategic initiatives to increase Ameren’s shareholder value. We are unable to predict which, if any, of these initiatives will be executed. The execution of these initiatives may have a material impact on our future results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.