INSPERITY, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as provided in the tables below.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Following is a reconciliation of payroll cost (GAAP) to non-bonus payroll costs (non-GAAP):

Following is a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities (GAAP) to adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities (non-GAAP):

Following is a reconciliation of net income (GAAP) to EBITDA (non-GAAP) and adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP):

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Following is a reconciliation of net income (GAAP) to adjusted net income (non-GAAP):

Following is a reconciliation of diluted EPS (GAAP) to adjusted EPS (non-GAAP):

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We periodically evaluate our liquidity requirements, capital needs and availability of resources in view of, among other things, our expansion plans, stock repurchases, potential acquisitions, debt service requirements and other operating cash needs. To meet short-term liquidity requirements, which are primarily the payment of direct costs and operating expenses, we rely primarily on cash from operations. Longer-term projects, large stock repurchases or significant acquisitions may be financed with public or private debt or equity. We have a revolving credit facility (“Facility”) with a syndicate of financial institutions with a current borrowing capacity of $650 million. The Facility is available for working capital and general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and stock repurchases. We have in the past sought, and may in the future seek, to raise additional capital or take other steps to increase or manage our liquidity and capital resources.

We had $568 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at March 31, 2025, of which approximately $404 million was payable in April 2025 for withheld federal and state income taxes, employment taxes and other payroll deductions. Approximately $40 million represented client prepayments that were invoiced in April 2025. At March 31, 2025, we had working capital of $188 million compared to $155 million at December 31, 2024. We currently believe that our cash on hand, marketable securities, cash flows from operations, and availability under the Facility will be adequate to meet our liquidity requirements for the remainder of 2025. We intend to rely on these same sources, as well as public and private debt or equity financing, to meet our longer-term liquidity and capital needs.

As of March 31, 2025, we had outstanding letters of credit and borrowings totaling $370 million under the Facility. Please read Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Long-Term Debt,” for additional information.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities in the first three months of 2025 was $443 million. Our primary source of cash from operations is the comprehensive service fee and payroll funding we collect from our clients. Our cash and cash equivalents, and thus our reported cash flows from operating activities, are significantly impacted by various external and internal factors, which are reflected in part by the changes in our balance sheet accounts. These include the following:

•Timing of client payments / payroll taxes — We typically collect our comprehensive service fee, along with the client’s payroll funding, from clients no later than the same day as the payment of WSEE payrolls and associated payroll taxes. Therefore, the last business day of a reporting period has a substantial impact on our reporting of operating cash flows. For example, many WSEEs are paid on Fridays; therefore, operating cash flows decrease in the reporting periods that end on a Friday or a Monday. In the three months ended March 31, 2025, the last business day of the reporting period was a Monday, client prepayments were $40 million and employment taxes and other deductions were $404 million. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, the last business day of the reporting period was a Friday, client prepayments were $34 million and employment taxes and other deductions were $443 million. In addition, $440 million of client employee retention tax credits received on their behalf from the Internal Revenue Service during the fourth quarter of 2024 were distributed to clients in early 2025.

•Medical plan funding — Our health care contract with United establishes participant cash funding rates 90 days in advance of the beginning of a reporting quarter. Therefore, changes in the participation level of the United plan have a direct impact on our operating cash flows. In addition, changes to the funding rates, which are solely determined by United based primarily upon recent claim history and anticipated cost trends, also have a significant impact on our operating cash flows. As of March 31, 2025, Plan Costs were less than the net premiums paid and owed to United by $52 million, which is $43 million in excess of our agreed-upon $9 million surplus maintenance level. The $43 million difference is therefore reflected as a current asset and $9 million is reflected as a long-term asset on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2025. In addition, the premiums owed to United at March 31, 2025, were $64 million, which is included in accrued health insurance costs, a current liability, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

•Operating results — Our adjusted net income has a significant impact on our operating cash flows. Our adjusted net income decreased 31% to $59 million in the first three months of 2025, compared to $86 million in the first three months of 2024. Please read “Results of Operations.”

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash flows used in investing activities were $6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to property and equipment purchases.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash flows used in financing activities were $49 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. We paid $23 million in dividends and repurchased or withheld $19 million in stock. In addition, client funds liability and other financing activities decreased by $7 million.