Fold Holdings, Inc.

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Background and Business Combination

Fold Holdings, Inc. (“Fold,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a bitcoin financial services company dedicated to expanding access to bitcoin through a comprehensive suite of consumer financial services. The Company was formed with the purpose of creating a modern financial services platform that allows customers to earn, accumulate, and utilize bitcoin in their everyday life. The Company offers consumers an FDIC insured checking account through Sutton Bank, a prepaid Visa debit card (the "Fold Debit Card"), bill payments, and an extensive catalog of merchant reward offers. The Company also offers various forms of bitcoin buying and selling with low-to-zero fees, instant withdrawals, and insured custody. By integrating bitcoin across traditional financial services, the Company acts as a key point of entry for consumers to engage with and integrate bitcoin into their everyday lives. The Company's products and services are available in the United States through the Fold mobile application (the “Fold App”).

On July 24, 2024, Fold, Inc. ("Fold Predecessor") entered into a definitive agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with FTAC Emerald Acquisition Corp. (“FTAC Emerald”), a publicly-traded special purpose acquisition company, providing for a proposed business combination (the“Merger”). The registration statement for the Merger was declared effective by the SEC on January 23, 2025, the Merger was approved by FTAC’s shareholders on February 13, 2025, and the Merger was consummated on February 14, 2025 (the "Closing"). Following the Merger, FTAC changed its name to Fold Holdings, Inc. and effectively assumed all of Fold Predecessor's material operations. The combined company now operates under the name Fold Holdings, Inc., and its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share ("Common Stock") and warrants trade on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbols “FLD” and “FLDDW,” respectively. The Company is a remote-first company and does not designate a physical headquarters.

Liquidity and capital resources

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $6.6 million and positive working capital of $7.8 million. The Company has a history of net operating losses, including net operating losses of $6.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and $15.8 million for thesix months ended June 30, 2025. The Company has an accumulated deficit of $136.8 million. Of that amount, $98.0 million relates to fair value adjustments on the Company's SAFE notes, $9.6 million relates to loss on extinguishment of debt, and $11.8 million relates to fair value adjustments on convertible debt instruments.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company held 1,492 bitcoin in our Investment Treasury, valued at $159.9 million based on the price of bitcoin as of that date. Of that amount,800 bitcoin, valued at $85.7 million, were restricted from use as operating capital and served as collateral for our convertible notes. Our Investment Treasury is considered a long-term investment and we do not believe we will need to sell or engage in other transactions with respect to any of our Investment Treasury within the next twelve months to meet our working capital requirements, although we may from time to time sell or engage in other transactions with respect to our Investment Treasury as part of treasury management operations.

As of June 30, 2025, we held 87 bitcoin in our Rewards Treasury, valued at$9.4 million, which matched our existing customer rewards liability, which is denominated in bitcoin. The Company anticipates being able to cover the costs for future rewards via future revenues and operational capital on hand.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company had $66.3 million in principal debt outstanding in the form of two convertible notes. The June 2025 Amended Investor Note (as defined below) has a principal due of $20.0 million and is convertible into Common Stock at a conversion price of$9.00 per share. Refer to Note 10 for further details regarding the amendment of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note. This note is secured by Fold’s assets as collateral, including 300 of Fold’s proprietary bitcoin, and will mature on February 14, 2028. The March 2025 Investor Note has a principal balance of $46.3 million and is convertible into Common Stock at a price of $12.50 per share. This note is secured by Fold’s assets as collateral, including 500 of Fold’s proprietary bitcoin, and will mature on March 6, 2030. On the maturity date, the Company shall transfer to the investor the balance of any bitcoin not previously released to the Company upon conversion of the March 2025 Investor Note to Common Stock, with a maximum potential repayment of 500 bitcoin if no amounts convert to Common Stock during the life of the note. No cash payments by Fold are contemplated under the March 2025 Investor Note. Refer to Note 10 for further information regarding the conversion features of the convertible notes.

In June 2025, the Company entered into an agreement for a $250 million equity purchase facility (“Facility”). Pursuant to the Facility, the Company, in its sole discretion, has the right, but not the obligation, to issue and sell up to $250 million in newly issued shares of the Company’s Common Stock, subject to certain conditions. The Company is not required to use the Facility and controls the timing and amount of any drawdown on the Facility, subject to certain restrictions under the Facility (for additional information, see Part II,

Item 1A – Risk Factors). The Company expects that any proceeds received by it from the Facility will be used for, without limitation, purchasing additional bitcoin for the Company’s corporate treasury, working capital and general corporate purposes.

Management expects that the Company’s existing cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, financing available from the Facility, and digital assets received through June 30, 2025, will be sufficient to enable the Company to fund its anticipated level of operations through one year from the date these financial statements are available to be issued.

There is limited historical financial information about the Company upon which to base an evaluation of its performance. The business is subject to risks inherent in the establishment of an emerging growth enterprise, including limited capital resources, possible delays in product development, and possible cost overruns due to price and cost increases in services. The Company may require additional capital to pursue certain business opportunities or respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, customer demands, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances. Additionally, the Company has incurred significant costs related to the Merger and becoming a public company.

We may continue to pursue additional capital via various capital instruments in the future, however, such funding may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. Although management believes that such capital sources will continue to be available, there can be no assurances that financing will be available to the Company when needed, or if available, on terms acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate financing on terms that are satisfactory to the Company, when the Company requires it, the Company’s ability to continue to grow or support the business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, which may adversely affect the Company’s business plan.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company.

Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. These condensed financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The interim results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, or for any future periods.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable; however, actual results could significantly differ from those estimates. The Company evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis.

Estimates, judgments, and assumptions in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, those related to the determination of the recognition, measurement, and valuation of current and deferred income taxes; the fair value of performance stock-based awards issued; the useful lives and impairment assessment of long-lived assets; the fair value of convertible notes; allowance for credit losses; the fair value of customer reward liability derivative instruments; the fair value of Simple Agreements for Future Equity (“SAFEs”); and loss contingency identification and valuation, including assessing the likelihood of adverse outcomes from positions, claims, and disputes, recoveries of losses recorded, and associated timing.

Segment information

We haveone operating and reportable segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), who is our CEO, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, all operations were within the United States. The CODM allocates resources and assesses performance based upon financial information at the entity-wide level. Since the CODM makes operating decisions and allocates resources on an entity-wide basis, Fold operates as one operating segment and one reportable segment.

The primary financial measure used by the CODM to evaluate performance is operating income (loss) as shown on the statements of operations. Segment expenses and other segment items are provided to the CODM on the same basis as disclosed in the statements of operations.

The CODM does not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment assets, and therefore such information is not presented in the notes to the financial statements.

Capitalized software development costs, net

The Company capitalizes significant costs incurred in the acquisition or development of the internal software for use in the Company's various service offerings. The Company incurs costs in developing software inclusive of direct external costs and internal payroll costs. Internal payroll costs typically include salaries and wages. Capitalized software costs are stated at cost net of accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the software, which is three years. Costs incurred in the preliminary and post-implementation phases of the Company's internal use software are expensed as incurred.

Capitalized software development costs consisted of the following:

The gross carrying amount of internally developed software costs that had been capitalized but not placed into service is as follows:

The Company recorded amortization expense on capitalized software development costs placed into service in the amount of $0.1 million and $0.1 million during thethree months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and $0.2 million and $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, didnot include any write-offs related to the abandonment of projects.

Customer rewards liability

The Company offers certain rewards to its users through the Fold Rewards Program. This program allows the Company's users to earn promotional credits denominated in bitcoin by engaging in various actions, either by engaging in qualifying spend transactions (the “Revenue Rewards”) or performing certain actions designated by the Company as primarily for marketing, growth, and retention purposes (the “Marketing Rewards”). Revenue Rewards are defined as those that are earned in direct relation to a qualifying spend transaction such as spending on the Fold Debit Card, purchasing bitcoin, purchasing merchant offers, etc. Marketing Rewards are defined as those that are earned for behaviors unrelated to qualifying spend transactions such as sign-up bonuses, referral bonuses, spinning the daily spin wheel, etc. For accounting purposes, any reward that derives from a transaction where Fold receives revenue constitutes a Revenue Reward, whereas all other rewards constitute Marketing Rewards.

Revenue Rewards are considered “earned” at the time of the qualifying spend transaction. Revenue Rewards are immediately available for redemption by the user, except for those related to Fold Debit Card transactions which cannot be redeemed until after a 30-day settlement period. Marketing Rewards are earned and available immediately upon the performance of a qualifying action by the user. To redeem available rewards, a user may request a withdrawal to a personal bitcoin wallet.

The Company accrues both Revenue Rewards and Marketing Rewards (collectively, the "Rewards") within ‘Customer rewards liability’ in our accompanying balance sheets at the time the Reward is earned, with the corresponding impact on our statements of operations dependent on the type of Reward. Revenue Rewards are recorded as a reduction in the transaction price of the related revenue earned. Marketing Rewards are recorded as a marketing expense within operating expenses. The liability is initially recorded at the fair value of the bitcoin earned upon the action by the user and subsequently marked to fair value until redeemed or reversed, with gains and losses on this liability recorded within gain (loss) on customer rewards liability in our accompanying statements of operations. The liability is derecognized when the Reward is redeemed by the user and delivered to the user's bitcoin wallet.

Per the terms and conditions of the Fold Rewards Program, Rewards are subject to adjustment for chargebacks, returns, refunds, or other circumstances. In addition, Rewards are subject to expiry if users fail to maintain an active account for more than twelve consecutive months. The Company estimates the amount of Rewards that will expire based on historical data, current user trends, and other factors and records those estimated amounts in the period those Rewards were earned. These accruals are accounted for as an adjustment to the transaction price of the original revenue transaction if the expiration relates to Revenue Rewards, or as contra-expense within marketing expense if the expiration relates to Marketing Rewards.

Derivatives

As our customer rewards liability results in an obligation to deliver a fixed amount of digital assets in the future, the Company has determined that it meets the definition of a derivative and marked it to fair value as discussed above. The Company has not designated this derivative instrument as a hedging instrument. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the notional amount of the customer rewards liability outstanding was 87 and 92 bitcoin, respectively, and the derivative instrument was valued at $9.4 million and $8.6 million, respectively, within 'Customer rewards liability' on our accompanying balance sheets. The Company recorded a loss of $2.1 million and a gain of $1.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and losses of $1.0 million and $2.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For more detail on the fair value measurement of this derivative instrument, refer to Note 15.

Convertible notes and warrants

In December 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “December 2024 SPA”) with an institutional investor for the sale of a Senior Secured Convertible Note (the “December 2024 Initial Investor Note”) which is convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The Company has accounted for the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and related warrants using the relative fair value allocation method on the date of issuance. On June 16, 2025, the Company entered into a Waiver, Amendment and Joinder Agreement with its subsidiary, Fold, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Subsidiary”), and the investor to amend the December 2024 SPA. This amendment resulted in the Company extinguishing the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and reissuing an amended note (the “June 2025 Amended Investor Note”). The Company has accounted for the June 2025 Amended Investor Note at fair value on the date of extinguishment of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and issuance of the June 2025 Amended Investor Note. Refer to Note 10 for further information.

The December 2024 Initial Investor Note and June 2025 Amended Investor Note contain a host liability, freestanding warrants, and an embedded conversion feature. The Company uses the guidance under FASB ASC Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) to determine if the embedded conversion feature must be bifurcated and separately accounted for as a derivative under ASC 815. It also determines whether any embedded conversion features requiring bifurcation and/or freestanding warrants qualify for any scope exceptions contained within ASC 815. Generally, contracts issued or held by a reporting entity that are both (i) indexed to its own stock, and (ii) classified in shareholders equity, would not be considered a derivative for the purposes of applying ASC 815. Any embedded conversion features and/or freestanding warrants that do not meet the scope exception noted above are classified as derivative liabilities, initially measured at fair value, and remeasured at fair value each reporting period with change in fair value recognized in the condensed statements of operations. Any embedded conversion features and/or freestanding warrants that meet the scope exception under ASC 815 are initially recorded at their relative fair value in paid-in-capital and are not remeasured at fair value in future periods.

In March 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “March 2025 SPA”) with a related party for the sale of a Convertible Note (“March 2025 Investor Note”) which is convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock upon certain triggering events or fully repayable in 500 bitcoin if no triggering events are met. The Company elected to account for the March 2025 Investor Note at the “fair value option” (“FVO”) election of ASC 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”) on the date of issuance. The Company elected to use the FVO election as the debt host contained several embedded features which would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt-host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic estimated fair value measurements under ASC 815. Notwithstanding, ASC 825-10-15-4 provides for the FVO election, to the extent not otherwise prohibited by ASC 825-10-15-5, to be afforded to financial instruments, wherein bifurcation of an embedded derivative is not necessary, and the financial instrument is initially measured at its issue-date estimated fair value and then subsequently remeasured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period date.

The estimated fair value adjustment, as required by ASC 825-10-45-5, is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) with respect to the portion of the fair value adjustment attributed to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, with the remaining amount of the fair value adjustment recognized as other income (expense) in the accompanying condensed statements of operations. With respect to the above notes, as provided for by ASC 825-10-50-30(b), the estimated fair value adjustment is presented in a respective single line item within other income (expense) in the accompanying condensed statements of operations, since the change in fair value of the March 2025 Investor Note was not attributable to instrument-specific credit risk. Refer to Note 10 for further information.

Exchange or Modification of Debt

We consider modifications or exchanges of debt as extinguishments in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") No. 470, Debt, with gains or losses recognized in current earnings if the terms of the new debt and original instrument are substantially different. If the original and new debt instruments are substantially different, the original debt is derecognized and the new debt is initially recorded at fair value, with the difference recognized as an extinguishment gain or loss. Under an exchange or modification accounted for as a debt extinguishment, fees paid to the lenders are included in the gain or loss on extinguishment of debt. Costs incurred with third parties, such as legal fees, directly related to the exchange or modification are capitalized as deferred financing costs and amortized over the initial term of the new debt. Previously deferred fees and costs for existing debt are included in the calculation of gain or loss. Under an exchange or modification not accounted for as a debt extinguishment, fees paid to the lenders are reflected as additional debt discount and amortized as non-cash interest expense over the remaining initial term of the exchanged or modified debt. Furthermore, costs incurred with third parties, such as legal fees, directly related to the exchange or modification, are expensed as incurred. Additionally, previously deferred fees and costs are amortized as non-cash interest expense over the remaining initial term of the exchanged or modified debt.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with the guidance in ASC 606, which involves the following steps:

• Identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer;

• Identification of the performance obligations of the contract;

• Determination of the transaction price;

• Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

• Recognition of the revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company’s primary revenue streams and related performance obligations are described below. See Note 3 for further details and disaggregation of amounts.

Custody and trading - Bitcoin Gift Cards

Fold offers the Fold Bitcoin Gift Card, which allows customers to purchase USD-denominated gift cards through the Fold App, online gift card distributors, and brick-and-mortar retail locations. Customers can redeem Fold Bitcoin Gift Cards for bitcoin through the Fold App.

The Company satisfies its performance obligation and records revenue when bitcoin is transferred to the customer's bitcoin wallet via the Fold App. The Company has concluded that it is the principal in these transactions because it controls the bitcoin prior to delivery to customers, it is primarily responsible for the delivery of the bitcoin to its customers, it is exposed to risks arising from fluctuations of the market price of bitcoin prior to delivery to customers, and it has full discretion in setting prices charged to customers. The Company therefore recognizes (1) gross revenues for the sales price of the gift card to the customer, and (2) gross costs of sales for the associated cost of bitcoin used to fulfil each gift card sold.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220), which requires entities to include more detailed information about the types of expenses, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization, in commonly presented expense captions such as cost of sales, research and development, and selling, general and administrative expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statement presentation and disclosures.

In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 “Income Statement Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date” (“ASU 2025-01”) clarifies the effective date of Accounting Standards Update 2024-03 “Income Statement Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” (“ASU 2024-03”) to stipulate that ASU 2024-03 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2024-03 will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2027 for the Company’s annual financial statements on Form 10-K and January 1, 2028 for the Company’s quarterly financial statements on Form 10-Q and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

We do not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our financial statements.

3. RECAPITALIZATION

As described in Note 1, on February 14, 2025, the Fold Predecessor closed the Merger pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, FTAC Emerald purchased from the legacy stockholders of Fold Predecessor all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Fold Predecessor for $372.0 million, which was paid to the legacy stockholders of Fold Predecessor in the form of approximately 34.1 million shares of Common Stock. The 34.1 million shares of Common Stock is inclusive of the conversion of all SAFE notes and preferred stock which were converted as part of the Merger. In connection with the Merger, FTAC Emerald was renamed “Fold Holdings, Inc.” and Fold Predecessor continued as a wholly owned subsidiary of Fold Holdings, Inc.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, with the net assets of FTAC Emerald stated at historical cost and no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Under this method of accounting, FTAC Emerald was treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on post-Merger relative voting rights, composition of the governing board, management and intent of the Merger. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was accounted for as the equivalent of Fold Predecessor issuing stock for the net assets of FTAC Emerald, accompanied by a recapitalization. The reported amounts from operations included herein prior to the Merger are those of Fold Predecessor.

Share and per share information for all periods prior to the Merger have been retrospectively adjusted by the exchange ratio established in the Merger for the equivalent number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the Merger to effect the reverse recapitalization. Refer to Note 17 for further information.

In connection with the Merger, approximately 3.3 million shares of FTAC Emerald Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A Shares”), were redeemed, resulting in 10,932,855 shares of FTAC Emerald Class A common stock outstanding. Upon Closing of the Merger, on February 14, 2025, each then issued and outstanding share of FTAC Emerald Class A common stock automatically converted into shares of Fold Holdings, Inc. Common Stock.

The number of shares of Common Stock of Fold Holdings, Inc. as of June 30, 2025 was as follows:

Fold Holdings, Inc. incurred transaction costs related to the Merger of approximately $14.0 million, which are included as a reduction to additional paid in capital on the condensed balance sheets. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company received net cash proceeds of $0.8 million from the FTAC Emerald trust account, net of transaction expenses and redemptions.

4. REVENUE

Disaggregation of revenue

We disaggregate revenue by service type and by platform as follows:

The above amounts are net of reductions in revenue related to Revenue Rewards totaling $0.5 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $1.0 million and $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Deferred revenue

Contract liabilities are classified as deferred revenue in our balance sheets. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the contract liability related to our deferred subscription revenues was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and the contract liability related to an unearned portion of a bonus paid to us by Visa was $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

The activity in deferred revenue for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, was as follows:

5. DIGITAL ASSETS

The Company holds digital assets, comprised solely of bitcoin, for two purposes: (1) to fulfill bitcoin rewards to customers in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Fold Rewards Program (“Rewards Treasury”); and (2) as a treasury asset with the intention to hold as a long-term investment (“Investment Treasury”). The Company purchases bitcoin for its Rewards Treasury to maintain a balance that is equal to or greater than its customer rewards liability and disburses bitcoin from its Rewards Treasury when customers redeem their rewards and the liability is satisfied.

The following is a summary of Fold’s bitcoin held in treasury as of the dates shown:

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held 1,579 and 1,094 bitcoin, respectively, with an aggregate cost of $113.8 million and $67.9 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2025,800 bitcoin are restricted from use in operations under collateral agreements related to our convertible notes. Refer to Note 10 for further details.

A reconciliation, in the aggregate, of beginning and ending balances of the Company’s digital assets as of the dates shown is as follows:

(1) Disbursements of bitcoin represent amounts that were distributed to customers to fulfill customer rewards obligations or to satisfy other current obligations.

(2) The bitcoin received from the March 2025 Investor Note is net of prepaid interest. Refer to Note 10 for additional details.

The remeasurement gain of $38.9 million recognized on the digital assets balances for the three months ended June 30, 2025 consisted of a realized gain of $0.6 million and an unrealized gain of $38.3 million. The remeasurement loss of $2.1 million recognized on the digital assets balance for the three months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of a realized gain of $0.5 million and an unrealized loss of $2.6 million.

The remeasurement gain of $22.3 million recognized on the digital assets balances for the six months ended June 30, 2025 consisted of a realized gain of $1.1 million and an unrealized gain of $21.2 million. The remeasurement gain of $1.4 million recognized on the digital assets balance for the six months ended June 30, 2024 consisted of a realized gain of $1.4 million and a nominal unrealized gain.

6. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

7. CUSTOMER REWARDS LIABILITY

A reconciliation, in the aggregate, of beginning and ending balances of the Company’s customer rewards liability as of the dates shown is as follows:

(1)Rewards fulfilments represent amounts that were distributed to customers to fulfill customer rewards obligations.

8. RELATED PARTIES

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with SATS Credit Fund LP, pursuant to which the Company issued to SATS Credit Fund LP a convertible note in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $46.3 million. Refer to Note 10 for further details. The Securities Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby were approved by the audit committee and the board of directors of the Company specifically in light of certain related party components, including that the SATS Credit Fund LP is a private investment fund raised and managed by Ten31, LLC, which is an affiliate of Fold’s chairman, Dr. Jonathan Kirkwood. Dr. Kirkwood recused himself from the board of directors’ approval of the Securities Purchase Agreement and the related transactions.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into a SAFE with Thesis Inc., a principal shareholder of the Company, totaling $1.0 million.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized nominal amounts of revenue related to merchant offers purchased by Thesis Inc.

9. SAFEs

On February 14, 2025, in connection with the Closing of the Merger, all SAFE notes held by Fold Predecessor converted into 16.6 million shares of Fold Holdings, Inc. Common Stock. The fair value of the SAFEs on the date of conversion was $177.6 million. Prior to conversion, Fold Predecessor’s SAFEs were recorded as a liability in the accompanying balance sheets and the Company recorded subsequent remeasurements in “Changes in fair value of SAFEs” in the statements of operations. However, because Fold’s SAFEs were structured to be settled via the delivery of common and/or preferred shares upon execution of an equity financing or liquidity event, these amounts were reclassified to equity upon conversion.

As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, the fair value of the SAFEs was $0 and $171.1 million, respectively. The remeasurement of SAFEs due to change in fair value resulted in an increase of $0 million and a nominal amount of the liability during thethree months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The remeasurement of the SAFEs due to change in fair value resulted in an increase in the liability of $6.5 million and $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Refer to Note 15 for further details on the fair value measurement of the SAFEs.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, Fold Predecessor entered into SAFEs with various investors with aggregate gross proceeds of $72.1 million. Three of the SAFEs (the “Bitcoin SAFEs”) issued during 2024, totaling $64.1 million, were funded with bitcoin that the Company held in treasury as of June 30, 2025.

10. CONVERTIBLE NOTES AND WARRANTS

A summary of the Company’s convertible notes for the respective periods presented is as follows:

The December 2024 Initial Investor Note and June 2025 Amended Investor Note

In December 2024, Fold Predecessor entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “December 2024 SPA”) with an institutional investor for the sale of a Senior Secured Convertible Note which is convertible into shares of the Company’s Common Stock. Fold Predecessor executed the December 2024 SPA and consummated the issuance of (i) an Initial Note in the principal amount of $20,000,000 with a conversion price of $11.50 per share (the “December 2024 Initial Investor Note”), and (ii) Series A, Series B, and Series C warrants to initially acquire up to 869,565,500,000, and 869,565 additional shares of the Company’s Common Stock, respectively, with an initial exercise price of $12.50, $0.001, and $11.50 per share of Common Stock, respectively, subject to adjustment (collectively, the “Investor Warrants”). Fold may issue to the investor an additional Senior Secured Convertible Note in an aggregate principal amount of up to $10,000,000 (the “Additional Investor Note” and, together with the December 2024 Initial Investor Note, the “Investor Notes”), subject to the mutual discretion of Fold and the investor.

On February 14, 2025, following the Closing of the Merger, the maturity of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note extended from 10 months to 36 months from Fold Predecessor's public listing event (the "Public Company Date") and was reclassified from a current liability to long term liability. The Series A warrants were exercisable immediately and expire eight years from the date of issuance. The

Series B and Series C warrants became exercisable at the time of the Public Company Date and expire eight years from the date of issuance and one year from the Public Company Date, respectively. Following the Public Company Date, the investor exercised the Series B warrants in a cashless exercise, acquiring the 500,000 shares of Common Stock at $0.001 per share.

On June 16, 2025, the Company entered into a Waiver, Amendment and Joinder Agreement with Fold, Inc. and the investor to, among other things, amend the December 2024 SPA ("Amended December 2024 SPA"). The terms of the Waiver and Amendment Agreement provide for administrative changes and (1) the extension of the Expiration Date of the Series C Warrant from February 14, 2026 to August 14, 2026; (2) a reduction of the Conversion Price of the Note (as defined therein) to $9.00 (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations and similar events after the date of the Waiver and Amendment Agreement); and (3) a reduction of the Exercise Price of the Series C Warrant (as defined therein) to$9.00 (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations and similar events after the date of the Waiver and Amendment Agreement).

In accordance with ASC 470-50-40-10, the Company determined that the change in Conversion Price of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note from $11.50 to $9.00 increased the fair value of the embedded conversion option by more than 10% of the carrying value of the December 2024 SPA. This modification is considered to be substantial under ASC 470-50-40-10a and is accounted for as a debt extinguishment.

In accordance with ASC 470-50-40-6, the Company derecognized the original debt instrument and recognized an amended note as a new debt instrument (the "June 2025 Amended Investor Note") at its fair value as of the modification date, reflecting the updated terms. As of June 15, 2025 the net carrying amount of the extinguished note was approximately $12.8 million, resulting in the Company recognizing a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $9.6 million in the condensed statement of operations, which is comprised of the original debt's unamortized debt discount of $5.8 million, the original debt's unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.4 million, the amended debt premium of $2.0 million and $0.5 million of additional paid-in capital related to the change in the fair value of the Series C warrants due to the change in exercise price, as noted above. The fair value of the amended note at the date of modification was estimated to be $22.0 million.

As of June 30, 2025, the principal amount outstanding under the June 2025 Amended Investor Note was $20.0 million. The December 2024 Initial Investor Note and the June 2025 Amended Investor Note are secured by Fold’s assets as collateral, including 300 bitcoin held within Fold’s digital asset Investment Treasury. The Company has included the net balance of the June 2025 Amended Investor Note within non-current liabilities, as the maturity date of the instrument is February 14, 2028.

The Company has accounted for the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and the Investor Warrants using the relative fair value allocation method on the date of issuance. The estimated fair values of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and Investor Warrants were calculated under a Black-Scholes model utilizing the enterprise valuation of Fold's common shares as of the issuance date. The Company has elected not to subsequently remeasure the convertible note. Further, the Company concluded that the ability to issue the Additional Investor Note is separately exercisable from the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and the Investor Warrants. Each of the Investor Notes will be sold at an original issue discount of 5%.

The Company has accounted for the June 2025 Amended Investor Note at fair value on the date of extinguishment of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and issuance of the June 2025 Amended Investor Note. The debt premium represents the 10% issue premium. The Company has elected not to subsequently remeasure the convertible note. Further, the Company concluded that the ability to issue the Additional Investor Note is separately exercisable from the Additional Investor Note and the Investor Warrants. The change in fair value of the Series C Warrant was calculated using a Black-Scholes model, utilizing Fold's stock price as of the issuance date.

The Company recorded interest expense under the June 2025 Amended Investor Note based on a stated interest rate of 12% per annum, as well as the amortization of the debt premium and debt issuance costs, which the Company computed using the effective interest method. Total interest expense recognized related to the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and June 2025 Amended Investor Note for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $0.6 million, comprised of contractual interest expense of $0.6 million and $0 million of amortization of the debt premium and debt issuance costs. Total interest expense recognized related to the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and June 2025 Amended Investor Note for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $1.3 million, comprised of contractual interest expense of $1.3 million and $0 million of amortization of the debt premium and debt issuance costs. Interest is calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and is payable quarterly in cash or paid-in-kind in shares of Common Stock.

The June 2025 Amended Investor Note, plus accrued and unpaid interest, is convertible at any time, at the investor’s option, into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an initial fixed conversion price of $9.00 per share, subject to certain adjustments and alternative conditions. Upon a change of control of the Company, the investor may require the Company to redeem all, or any portion, of the June 2025 Amended Investor Note at a price stipulated by certain conditions as discussed within the Amended December 2024 SPA.

The December 2024 Initial Investor Note and June 2025 Amended Investor Note provide for certain events of default, including, among other things, any breach of the covenants described in the December 2024 SPA and Amended December 2024 SPA. In connection with an event of default, the investor may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and June 2025 Amended Investor Note at a premium set forth in their respective SPAs. The Company is also subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the rank of the December 2024 Initial Investor Note and June 2025 Amended Investor Note, the incurrence of indebtedness, the existence of liens, the repayment of indebtedness, the payment of cash in respect of dividends, distributions or redemptions, the transfer of assets, the maturity of other indebtedness, and transactions with affiliates, among other customary matters. As of June 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and there have been no events of default during the period.

The March 2025 Investor Note

On March 6, 2025, Fold entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “March 2025 SPA”) with a related party investor, SATS Credit Fund, LP, pursuant to which Fold issued to the investor (i) a Convertible Note in an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million, (ii) warrants exercisable for 925,590 shares of Common Stock with an exercise price of $15.00 per share (the “March 2025 Warrants”), and (iii)an aggregate of 750,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Closing Shares”).

As of June 30, 2025, the principal amount outstanding under the March 2025 Investor Note was $46.3 million and the fair value was $58.1 million. The aggregate principal amount outstanding under the March 2025 Investor Note, plus accrued and unpaid interest, is convertible at any time, at the investor’s option, into shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an initial fixed conversion price of $12.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments and alternative conditions. The Company also has a forced conversion right, which is exercisable on the occurrence of certain conditions set forth in the note, pursuant to which it can cause a portion of the unpaid and outstanding note to be converted into shares of the Company's Common Stock at the Conversion Price. Specifically, the March 2025 Investor Note hassix triggering events which occur when the Company's stock price is greater than or equal to $15.00 through $40.00. Upon the occurrence of each triggering event, the March 2025 Investor Note will automatically convert into the specified number of shares outlined by each individual triggering event.

The March 2025 Investor Note was funded with 475 bitcoin, net of 25 bitcoin of which was paid to the investor as prepayment for the first year of interest. This bitcoin is included in the Company’s Digital Assets – Investment Treasury and will be held as collateral to secure the March 2025 Investor Note until maturity or conversion of the note. On the maturity date, the Company shall transfer to the investor the balance of any bitcoin not previously released to the Company upon conversion of the March 2025 Investor Note to Common Stock, with a maximum potential repayment of 500 bitcoin if no amounts convert to Common Stock during the life of the note. No cash payments by Fold are contemplated under the March 2025 Investor Note.

The Company has elected to account for the March 2025 Investor Note using the fair value option and will remeasure the March 2025 Investor Note at each reporting period. As of the date of issuance, the fair value of the March 2025 Investor Note was $59.0 million which exceeded the proceeds received of $46.3 million. The $12.7 million excess of the fair value over the net proceeds received has been recorded as a loss within the condensed statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

During the three months ended and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a $5.3 million loss and $0.9 million gain due to changes in fair value of the March 2025 Investor Note.

The Company separately valued the March 2025 Warrants and Closing Shares issued at $3.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively. The Company considered those amounts as costs and fees incurred upon issuance of the debt. Since those costs and fees were incurred in connection with an instrument entered into with a related party that is subsequently being measured at fair value, the Company expensed the full $9.6 million immediately in the period. The March 2025 Warrants were analyzed in accordance with ASC 815-40 and determined to meet the requirements for equity classification. The estimated fair value of the March 2025 Warrants were calculated under a Black-Scholes model as of the issuance date. The March 2025 Warrants expire five years from the date of issuance and the March 2025 Investor Note matures on March 6, 2030.

The Investor Note will accrue interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum, payable quarterly in shares of Common Stock valued at $12.50 per share. Total interest expense recognized related to the March 2025 Investor Note for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Pursuant to the March 2025 SPA, the Company prepaid one year of interest in the form of 25 bitcoin and will amortize that prepaid interest through March 31, 2026. The prepaid interest has been recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed balance sheet. Beginning April 1, 2026, interest will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and stated interest rate of 7% per annum. Interest is payable quarterly in paid-in-kind shares of Common Stock.

The March 2025 Investor Note provides for certain events of default. In connection with an event of default, the investor may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the March 2025 Investor Note by returning to the Holder (as defined therein) the amount of Bitcoin Collateral (as defined therein) that has not previously been released to the Company in connection with the conversion of the principal into shares of Common Stock. The Company is also subject to certain customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the rank of the March 2025 Investor Note, the incurrence of indebtedness, the existence of liens, the repayment of indebtedness, distributions or redemptions, the transfer of assets, and the maturity of other indebtedness, among other customary matters. As of June 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and there have been no events of default during the period.

11. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Common stock

Pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated February 14, 2025, the Board is authorized to issue 600,000,000 shares of Common Stock at a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had 47.1 million shares of Common Stock issued and 46.6 million shares of Common Stock outstanding. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 5.8 million shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding. Any dividends declared on Common Stock will be subordinated to dividends on any outstanding preferred shares. Holders of Common Stock are entitled toone vote per share.

Preferred stock

Pursuant to the Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated February 14, 2024, the Board is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock at a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of June 30, 2025, the Company hadno shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding. As of June 30, 2024, Fold Predecessor had 10.2 million shares of convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding. Dividends for preferred shares are noncumulative and payable only upon declaration by the Board of Directors. Refer to Note 3 for additional details on the conversion of preferred stock as part of the recapitalization.

Warrants

As of June 30, 2025, Fold had the following equity-classified warrants: (1)12,434,658 public warrants related to legacy FTAC Emerald at an exercise price of $11.50; (2)869,565 Series A and 869,565 Series C Warrants outstanding related to the June 2025 Amended Investor Note, at an exercise price of $12.50 and$9.00, respectively; and (3)925,590 March 2025 Warrants outstanding related to the March 2025 Investor Note at an exercise price of $15.00.

12. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION EXPENSE

Prior to the Merger, Fold Predecessor historically granted Restricted Stock Awards ("RSAs") and Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) under the Fold, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Equity Plan”). In connection with the Merger, the Company adopted a new 2025 Incentive Award Plan (the "2025 Equity Plan") as well as an employee stock purchase plan (the "2025 ESPP") which became effective immediately on the date of the Merger. Collectively, these plans are referred to as the "Equity Plans".

Following the Merger, no further awards may be granted under the 2019 Equity Plan; however, awards granted under that plan will remain subject to the terms and conditions of the 2019 Equity Plan. Under the 2025 Equity Plan an aggregate number of shares equal to the sum of (i)10% of the fully-diluted shares of Fold Holdings, Inc. Common Stock as of the Closing (ii) the number of shares that remained available for issuance under the 2019 Equity Plan as of the Closing and (iii) the number of shares that were subject to awards under the 2019 Plan as of the Closing and which, following the Closing, became available for grant under the 2025 Equity Plan, were initially reserved under the 2025 Equity Plan. As of June 30, 2025, no offering period under the 2025 ESPP has been initiated.

The purpose of the Equity Plans is to offer select Participants (defined as employees, consultants, or outside directors) the opportunity to acquire equity in the Company through the awards of Options, RSAs, Stock Appreciation Rights, RSUs, and Other Stock Awards (collectively and individually, “Awards”). RSUs are Awards of an unfunded and unsecured right to receive shares of Common Stock (or cash or a combination of shares of Common Stock and cash, as determined in the sole discretion of the Board) upon settlement of the Award. RSAs are Awards of restricted shares of Company Common Stock. Each Award may or may not be subject to vesting. Vesting occurs upon satisfaction of the conditions specified in each individual award agreement. As of June 30, 2025, the Company hasnot issued any Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, or Other Stock Awards through the Equity Plans.

Restricted Stock Units

Prior to the Merger Fold Predecessor's RSUs had two vesting conditions: a service condition that is typically satisfied based on the grantee's continuous service over 48 months with aone-year cliff vesting requirement (though some RSUs have been granted with different service-vesting schedules, including without the one-year cliff), and a performance condition related to the consummation of a liquidity event defined in the award agreements as the first to occur of a change of control or the first sale of Common Stock pursuant to an IPO. The Merger with FTAC Emerald on February 14, 2025 was deemed to have satisfied the performance condition criteria. Following the Merger, the Company's RSUs are subject to vesting requirements of each individual Award grant, which will typically include only a service condition based on the grantee's continuous service over 48 months with aone-year cliff vesting requirement.

On February 14, 2025, upon Closing of the Merger, each outstanding Fold Predecessor RSU award was converted into an Award of RSUs covering a number of shares of Common Stock of Fold Holdings, Inc. determined by multiplying (i) the number of shares of Fold Predecessor Common Stock subject to the Fold Predecessor RSU Award immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger by (ii) ~82.5% (rounded down to the nearest whole share). As the Merger was deemed to have satisfied the performance vesting condition under the RSU Awards,1.4 million Fold Predecessor RSUs vested upon the Closing of the Merger, resulting in the recognition of share-based compensation expense totaling $4.4 million with a weighted average grant date fair value of $3.37 for RSUs vested during the period.

The Company recognized $1.7 million and $6.9 million of share-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, which includes $4.4 million of share-based compensation expense that was immediately recognized due to the performance condition deemed being satisfied on February 14, 2025. As the performance condition was not met as of June 30, 2024, no share-based compensation was recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. There was $16.3 million of unrecognized shared-based compensation expense related to unvested Awards as of June 30, 2025. The unrecognized compensation expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the weighted average vesting period of 3.31 years.

Restricted Stock Award

The Company's awarded RSAs are not subject to any performance condition vesting requirements and are instead subject only to service conditions. We recordedno share-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, andno share-based compensation expense related to RSAs for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024. There wasno material unrecognized compensation expense related to RSAs as of June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024, as all unvested shares were purchased by the Participants at fair value at the time of issuance. There werenot any additional RSAs granted during the three orsix months ended June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024. Share-based compensation expense for RSAs is included in compensation and benefits in the accompanying statements of operations.

Determination of fair value

The initial value of the Awards on the dates that the RSUs and RSAs were granted was determined based on the underlying value of Fold Predecessor’s Common Stock. As securities of a private company, the Fold Predecessor's Common Stock was valued by performing an enterprise valuation using a guideline public company market approach method. This method leverages an analysis of publicly traded peers to develop relevant market multiples and ratios applied to the Company’s historical and expected cash flows. As securities of a public company, the Common Stock of Fold Holdings, Inc. is valued based on the Company's stock price.

RSU and RSA activity

The following table summarizes RSU and RSA share activity under the Equity Plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

401(k) Plan

We sponsor a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all eligible U.S. employees. Both Company and employee contributions to the 401(k) plan are discretionary. For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded a nominal amount of expense related to the 401(k) plan, which is included in compensation and benefits in the accompanying statements of operations. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded $0.1 million and a nominal amount of expense related to the 401(k) plan, respectively, which is included in compensation and benefits in the accompanying statements of operations.

June 2025 Amended Investor Note

The June 2025 Amended Investor Note contains a provision akin to a time-value make-whole provision wherein the investor will receive a special interest payment of $10.0 million, payable at maturity or conversion of the note, less any prior interest payments made to the investor before that date. We have estimated the additional minimum liability to be $2.4 million at maturity. We have recorded an additional $0.3 million of accrued interest as of June 30, 2025, and will continue to accrue ratably over the next three years to maturity to reflect the special interest.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may be subject to claims, inquiries, or legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of any future matter is inherently uncertain, we do not currently expect that any such matters, if they were to arise, would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity, capital resources, or annual results of operations.

14. INCOME TAXES

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company had net income and a net loss before income taxes of $13.4 million and $35.4 million, respectively, and a nominal amount of income tax expense. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company had losses before income taxes of $2.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively, and a nominal amount of income tax expense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized income tax expense instead of an income tax benefit at the expected federal tax rate of 21% due to certain losses that are not deductible for tax purposes and an increase in the valuation allowance, partially offset by the effect of state income taxes. For the three andsix months ended June 30, 2024, Fold Predecessor recognized income tax expense instead of an income tax benefit at the expected federal tax rate of 21% due to certain losses that are not deductible for tax purposes and an increase in the valuation allowance, partially offset by the effect of state income taxes.

As of June 30, 2025, the Company has federal and state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards available to offset future taxable income. Section 382 imposes an annual limitation on the amount of taxable income that can be offset by NOLs following a greater than 50% ownership change by 5%shareholders over a rolling six-year period. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has not completed a study to assess Section 382. Until this analysis is complete, no assurance can be given that the Company will be able to fully utilize its NOL carryforwards. If a limitation is determined to apply, it could materially impact the Company’s ability to offset future taxable income and reduce future cash tax obligations. The Company will update this disclosure in future filings as more information becomes available.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was enacted in the US. The OBBBA contains, among other provisions, certain changes to U.S. federal income tax laws. The accounting for changes in tax rates and tax law are required to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. The OBBBA has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the OBBBA on its financial statements.

15. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are classified as Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 as follows:

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.

The fair value of our digital assets was determined using the Level 1 input of bitcoin prices in the market we determined to be the principal market as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Customer rewards liability

The customer reward liability is classified as a Level 3 financial instrument within the fair value hierarchy primarily due to the reward forfeiture rate applied to the value of the bitcoin obligation, which is an unobservable input to the fair value measurement. The Company has determined the bitcoin price based on its value in the market we determined to be the principal market for the related digital asset as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, which is considered a Level 1 input. The forfeiture rate is then applied to reflect an estimated breakage rate of rewards that have been forfeited based on the contractual terms and conditions of our Rewards Program and historical trends of forfeiture rates on athree-year trailing basis. The estimated forfeiture rate applied to our customer rewards liability for the periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was 10%.

Simple Agreements for Future Equity

On February 14, 2025, upon Closing of the Merger, the SAFEs of Fold Predecessor converted into approximately 16.6 million shares of Fold Holdings, Inc. Common Stock. The fair value of the SAFEs on the date of conversion was approximately $177.6 million. Prior to conversion, Fold Predecessor’s SAFEs were recorded as a liability in the accompanying balance sheets and the Company recorded subsequent remeasurements in “Changes in fair value of SAFEs” in the statements of operations. However, because Fold Predecessor’s SAFEs were structured to be settled via the delivery of common and/or preferred shares upon execution of an equity financing or liquidity event, these amounts were reclassified to equity upon conversion.

Prior to conversion, the estimated fair value of the SAFEs (refer to Note 9) was determined based on the aggregated, probability-weighted average of the outcomes of certain scenarios, including: (i) equity financing, with conversion of the SAFEs into a number of shares of convertible preferred stock at the lower of the post-money valuation cap price or discount price (ii) liquidity event (change of control, direct listing, or an initial public offering) with mandatory conversion to Common Stock at the lower of the post-money valuation cap price or discount price and (iii) dissolution event, with SAFE holders automatically entitled to receive cash payments equal to the purchase amount, prior to and in preference to any distribution of any assets or surplus funds to the holders of convertible preferred and Common Stock. The combined value of the probability-weighted average of those outcomes was then discounted back to each reporting period in which the SAFEs are outstanding, in each case based on a risk-adjusted discount rate estimated to set the probability-weighted sum of each scenario to the purchase price. The discount rate at each valuation date was adjusted by the change in the USD CCC bond rate to reflect the market movement between the issuance date and valuation date. Additionally, in Fold Predecessor's estimate of the fair value of the Bitcoin SAFEs, the then current value of bitcoin was used as an estimate of the future value of a BTC-denominated payout. If there is not a Liquidity Event, the SAFE would have resulted in the repayment of the bitcoin contributed at the issuance of the note. To value this scenario, which was weighted at a 9% probability, Fold Predecessor considered the value of the underlying bitcoin as of the valuation date, reflecting an estimate of the future price.

Fair value measurements associated with SAFEs were determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Increases and decreases in the fair value of the SAFEs can result from updates to assumptions such as expected timing and probability of a qualified financing event, or changes in discount rates, among other assumptions. Based on the Company’s assessment of the valuation of the SAFEs, performed by the Company’s third-party valuation specialists, none of the changes in the fair value of those instruments were due to changes in the Company’s own credit risk for the reporting periods presented. Judgment is used in determining these assumptions as of the initial valuation date and at each subsequent reporting period. Changes or updates to assumptions could have a material impact on the reported fair value and the change in fair value of SAFEs and the results of operations in any given period.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value associated with Level 3 SAFE financial instruments held at the beginning or end of the periods presented:

Convertible Note

The estimated fair value of the convertible note (refer to Note 10) was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which requires the use of several inputs and significant assumptions, including the risk-free rate and volatility. The discount rate at each valuation date was the risk free rate. Additionally, in the Company’s estimate of the fair value of the convertible note, the forced conversion right was treated as soft call options within the valuation model.

Fair value measurements associated with the convertible note were determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. Increases and decreases in the fair value of the convertible note can result from updates to assumptions such as the price of bitcoin, expected timing and probability of the Company being able to exercise their forced conversion right, or changes in the risk-free rate, among other assumptions. Based on the Company’s assessment of the valuation of the convertible note, performed by the Company’s third-party valuation specialists, none of the changes in the fair value of those instruments were due to changes in the Company’s own credit risk for the reporting periods presented. Judgment is used in determining these assumptions as of the initial valuation date and at each subsequent reporting period. Changes or updates to assumptions could have a material impact on the reported fair value and the change in fair value of the convertible note and the results of operations in any given period.

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value associated with Level 3 convertible note financial instruments held at the beginning or end of the periods presented:

The following table summarizes the significant inputs which the fair value measurements associated with the convertible note was determined:

16. CUSTODY OF DIGITAL ASSETS

We provide custody services on behalf of our customers through unrelated third-party service providers, who are qualified custodians. We do not own digital assets held in a custodial capacity on behalf of our customers. We maintain internal record keeping of those assets and are obligated to safeguard the assets. We do not hold the cryptographic key information on behalf of our customers. The qualified custodians used by Fold hold our customer cryptographic key information. We are not aware of any actual or possible safeguarding loss events requiring recognition under ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies, as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 or year ended December 31, 2024.

The fair value of customer digital assets held by our qualified custodians totaled $25.4 million and $13.9 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These assets are not recorded in the Company's balance sheets. Similarly, as the Company has an obligation to safeguard these assets, it has a corresponding unrecorded liability of $25.4 million and $13.9 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Since the risk of loss is remote, the Company didnot record a contingent liability at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. The Company has no reason to believe it will incur any expense associated with such potential liability because it has no known or historical experience of claims to use as a basis of measurement, and it accounts for and continually verifies the amount of digital assets within its qualified custodians' control.

17. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding adjusted for the dilutive effect of all potential shares of Common Stock. In periods when the Company reported a net loss, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive.

As described in Note 3 - Recapitalization, the Company accounted for the Merger as a reverse recapitalization. Net loss per share calculations for all periods prior to the Merger have been retrospectively adjusted by the Exchange Ratio for the equivalent number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after the Merger to effect the reverse recapitalization. The Exchange Ratio was calculated as the quotient of (a) the Aggregate Merger Consideration, divided by (b) the number of shares of Fold Fully Diluted Capital Stock. Subsequent to the Merger, net loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.

The following potential Common Stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

(1)

The SAFEs were not included for purposes of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding for the three andsix months ended June 30, 2025 as the SAFEs were converted to Common Stock as of the Merger. The SAFEs were not included for purposes of calculating the number of diluted shares outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 as the number of dilutive shares would be based on a conversion ratio associated with the pricing of the future financing or liquidation event, which was not determinable as of June 30, 2024.

(2)

The June 2025 Amended Note contains a conversion feature that allows the investor the option to convert the June 2025 Amended Note in exchange for 2,222,222 shares of Common Stock. The March 2025 Investor Note contains a conversion feature that allows the investor the option to convert in exchange for 3,702,360 shares of Common Stock. The effect of the incremental Common Stock issuable upon a conversion of these notes would be anti-dilutive based on Fold's average share price for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and are therefore excluded from the income (loss) per share calculation.

(3)

As of June 30, 2025, Fold had (1)12,434,658 public warrants related to legacy FTAC Emerald at an exercise price of $11.50; (2)869,565 Series A and 869,565 Series C Warrants outstanding related to the June 2025 Amended Investor Note, at an exercise price of $12.50 and $9.00, respectively; and (3)925,590 March 2025 Warrants outstanding related to the March 2025 Investor Note at an exercise price of $15.00. These warrants are considered anti-dilutive based on Fold's average share price for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and are therefore excluded from the income (loss) per share calculation.

18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated subsequent events, if any, that would require an adjustment to the Company’s financial statements or require disclosure in the notes to the financial statements through August 12, 2025, the date the financial statements were available to be issued. Where applicable, the notes to these financial statements have been updated to discuss significant subsequent events which have occurred.

There have been no subsequent events that would require disclosure or adjustment in the accompanying financial statements.