KAISER ALUMINUM CORP

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME (UNAUDITED)

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025

At June 30, 2025,442,607 shares were available for awards under the Kaiser Aluminum Corporation 2021 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated.

Dividends declared per common share were $0.77 for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY CONTINUED (UNAUDITED)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024

Dividends declared per common share were $0.77 for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

See Note 12 for supplemental cash flow information.

Non-cash asset impairment charge for thesix months ended June 30, 2024 is comprised of: (i) a $3.2 million inventory write-down related to certain alloying metals and (ii) a $0.4 million impairment charge on land held for sale.

NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - UNAUDITED

NOTES INDEX

1. Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in these notes to interim consolidated financial statements - unaudited to “Kaiser,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” and “our Company” refer collectively to Kaiser Aluminum Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries and are prepared in accordance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC applicable for interim periods and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In management’s opinion, all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. We have reclassified certain items in prior periods to conform to current classifications. The results of operations for our interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be achieved for the entire 2025 fiscal year. The financial information as of December 31, 2024 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, except for the change in accounting principle disclosed in Note 14 of Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of the date the financial statements are published and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Uncertainties with respect to such estimates and assumptions are inherent in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements; accordingly, it is possible that the actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, which could have a material effect on the reported amounts of our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Change in Accounting Principle. Effective January 1, 2025, the Company changed its inventory valuation methodology from LIFO to WAC for its finished products, work-in-process, and raw material inventories. This change is preferable because the Company believes that it improves the comparability of the Company's operational results between periods by removing LIFO income or charge in a period resulting from LIFO valuation and changes to historical LIFO layers. Additionally, the Company believes that the new valuation methodology better reflects the physical flow of goods and simplifies the financial close process by utilizing the WAC valuation methodology for all internal and external reporting purposes. The effects of this change have been retrospectively applied to all prior periods presented. See Note 14 for additional information regarding the change in inventory valuation methodology.

Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

Disclosure Improvements. In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-06 (“ASU 2023-06”), Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The guidance amends GAAP to reflect updates and simplifications to certain disclosure requirements referred to the FASB by the SEC. The amendments in ASU 2023-06 will become effective on the date which the SEC’s removal of the related disclosure becomes effective. If by June 30, 2027, the SEC does not remove the related disclosure, the pending amendment will be removed from ASC 2023-06 and it will not be effective. Adoption of ASU 2023-06 is expected to modify the disclosure and presentation requirements only and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 (“ASU 2023-09”), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The guidance is intended to improve income tax disclosure requirements by requiring: (i) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (ii) the disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The guidance makes several other changes to the annual income tax disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be applied prospectively with the option of retrospective application. We plan to adopt the provisions of ASU 2023-09 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 and do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 (“ASU 2024-03”), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The guidance requires additional, disaggregated disclosure about certain income statement expense line items. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December

15,2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and is required to be applied prospectively with the option of retrospective application. We plan to adopt the provisions of ASU 2024-03 prospectively in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2027 and continue to evaluate the disclosure requirements related to the new standard.

2. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, $18.3 million of certain assets associated with our acquisition of Warrick were conveyed to us and placed in service. At June 30, 2025, such assets are presented within Machinery and equipment.

3. Employee Benefits

Deferred Compensation Plan

Assets of our deferred compensation plan are included in Other assets, classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured and recorded at fair value based on their quoted market prices. The following table presents the fair value of these assets (in millions of dollars):

Assets in the trust are accounted for as equity investments with changes in fair value recorded within Other income (expense), net (see Note 9). Offsetting liabilities relating to the deferred compensation plan are included in Other accrued liabilities and Long-term liabilities.

Short-Term Incentive Plans

As of June 30, 2025, we had a liability of$13.0 million recorded within Accrued salaries, wages and related expenses for estimated probable future payments under the 2025 short-term incentive plans.

Postretirement and Postemployment Benefit Plans

The following table presents the total expense related to all postretirement and postemployment benefit plans (in millions of dollars):

Substantially all of these charges related to employee benefits are in COGS with the remaining balance in Selling, general, administrative, research, and development (“SG&A and R&D”) within our Statements of Consolidated Income. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the expense presented for our multiemployer pension plans excludes a $4.6 million charge to Restructuring costs (see Note 4).

Deferred compensation plan expense and the current service cost component of Net periodic postretirement and postemployment benefit cost relating to Salaried VEBA are included within our Statements of Consolidated Income in SG&A and R&D for all periods presented. All other components of Net periodic postretirement and postemployment benefit cost relating to Salaried VEBA are included within Other income (expense), net, on our Statements of Consolidated Income.

The current service cost component of Net periodic postretirement and postemployment benefit cost relating to both the pension plans and the OPEB plan is included within our Statements of Consolidated Income in COGS for all periods presented. All other components of Net periodic postretirement and postemployment benefit cost relating to both the pension plans and the OPEB plan are included within Other income (expense), net, on our Statements of Consolidated Income.

Components of Net Periodic Postretirement and Postemployment Benefit Cost. The following tables present the components of Net periodic postretirement and postemployment benefit cost relating to our defined benefit plans (in millions of dollars):

We amortize prior service cost on a straight-line basis over the average remaining years of service of the active plan participants.

Pension Plan Contributions. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we contributed $3.1 million to our pension plans. We expect to make additional contributions of approximately $3.1 million to the pension plans during the remainder of 2025.

4. Restructuring

2025 Restructuring Plan. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we initiated a plan to reduce certain operating costs (“2025 Restructuring Plan”). Through June 30, 2025, we have recorded a charge of $1.9 million for severance and related benefits. As of June 30, 2025, the total estimated costs related to the 2025 Restructuring Plan are expected to range from $2.0 million to $3.0 million. We expect the plan to be substantially complete by December 31, 2025. The costs are recorded within Restructuring costs in our Statements of Consolidated Income.

The following table summarizes activity relating to the 2025 Restructuring Plan liabilities (in millions of dollars):

Cash paid during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $0.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

2024 Restructuring Plan. During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, we initiated a plan to exit our soft alloy aluminum extrusion facility located in Sherman, Texas (“2024 Restructuring Plan”). Through June 30, 2025, we have recorded a charge of $7.5 million, consisting of a $4.6 million multiemployer pension obligation which is expected to be paid in 2027 and a $2.9 million chargefor severance, related benefits, and other costs. Substantially all of the costs associated with the restructuring efforts initiated under the 2024

Restructuring Plan were incurred and expensed as of December 31, 2024. The costs are recorded within Restructuring costs in our Statements of Consolidated Income.

The following table summarizes activity relating to the 2024 Restructuring Plan liabilities (in millions of dollars):

Cash paid during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $0.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

5. Derivatives, Hedging Programs and Other Financial Instruments

Overview. In conducting our business, we enter into derivative transactions, including forward contracts and options, to limit our exposure to: (i) metal price risk related to our sale of fabricated aluminum products and the purchase of metal, including primary, rolling ingot and scrap, or recycled, aluminum, our main raw material, and certain alloys used as raw material for our fabrication operations; (ii) energy price risk related to fluctuating prices of natural gas and electricity used in our production processes; and (iii) foreign currency exchange rate risk related to certain equipment and service agreements with vendors for which payments are due in foreign currency. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Hedging transactions are executed centrally on behalf of all of our operations to minimize transaction costs, monitor consolidated net exposures, and allow for increased responsiveness to changes in market factors.

Our derivative activities are overseen by a committee (“Hedging Committee”), which is composed of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer, Executive Vice President of Manufacturing and other officers and employees selected by the Chief Executive Officer. The Hedging Committee meets regularly to review commodity price exposures, derivative positions and strategy. Management reviews the scope of the Hedging Committee’s activities with our Board of Directors.

We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative instruments, which we manage by monitoring the credit quality of our counterparties and allocating our hedging positions among multiple counterparties to limit exposure to any single entity. Our counterparties are major investment grade financial institutions or trading companies, and our hedging transactions are governed by negotiated International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements, which generally require collateral to be posted by our counterparties above specified credit thresholds which may adjust up or down, based on increases or decreases in counterparty credit ratings. As a result, we believe the risk of loss is remote and contained. The aggregate fair value of our derivative instruments that were in a net liability position was$0.0 million and$0.8 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and we hadno collateral posted as of those dates.

In addition, our firm-price customer sales commitments create incremental customer credit risk related to metal price movements. Under certain circumstances, we mitigate this risk by periodically requiring cash collateral to be posted by our customers, which we classify as deferred revenue and include as a component of Other accrued liabilities. We hadno cash collateral posted by our customers at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Cash Flow Hedges

We designate as cash flow hedges forward swap contracts for aluminum, energy, and certain alloying metals used in our fabrication operations. We also designate as cash flow hedges foreign currency forward contracts for equipment and services for which payments are due in foreign currency. Unrealized gains and losses associated with our cash flow hedges are deferred in Other comprehensive income, net of tax, and reclassified to COGS when such hedges settle or when it is probable that the original forecasted transactions will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period. See Note 8 for the total amount of gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments that was reported in AOCI, as well as the related reclassifications into earnings and tax effects. Cumulative gains and losses related to cash flow hedges are reclassified out of AOCI and recorded within COGS when the associated hedged commodity purchases impact earnings.

Aluminum Hedges. Our pricing of fabricated aluminum products is generally intended to lock in our Conversion Revenue (representing our value added from the fabrication process) and to pass through aluminum price fluctuations to our customers. For a small portion of our higher margin products sold on a spot basis, the pass through of aluminum price movements can sometimes lag by as much as several months, with a favorable impact to us when aluminum prices decline and an adverse impact to us when aluminum prices increase. Additionally, in certain instances, we enter into firm-price arrangements with our customers for stipulated volumes to be delivered in the future. Because we generally purchase primary and secondary aluminum on a floating price basis, the lag in passing through aluminum price movements to customers on some of our higher margin products sold on a spot basis and the volume that we have committed to sell to our customers under a firm-price arrangement create aluminum price risk for us. We use third-party hedging instruments to limit exposure to aluminum price risk related to the aluminum pass through lag on some of our products and firm-price customer sales contracts.

Alloying Metals Hedges. We are exposed to the risk of fluctuating prices for alloying metals used as raw materials in our fabrication operations. We, from time to time, in the ordinary course of business, enter into hedging transactions and/or physical delivery commitments with third parties to mitigate our risk from fluctuations in certain alloying metals prices that are not passed through pursuant to the terms of our customer contracts.

Energy Hedges. We are exposed to the risk of fluctuating prices for natural gas and electricity. We, from time to time, in the ordinary course of business, enter into hedging transactions and/or firm-price physical delivery commitments with third parties to mitigate our risk from fluctuations in natural gas and electricity prices that are not passed through pursuant to the terms of our customer contracts.

Foreign Currency Hedges. We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk related to certain equipment and service agreements with vendors for which payments are due in foreign currency. We, from time to time, in the ordinary course of business, use foreign currency forward contracts in order to mitigate the exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations related to these purchases.

Non-Designated Hedges of Operational Risks

From time to time, we enter into commodity and foreign currency forward contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate certain short‑term impacts, as identified. The gain or loss on these commodity and foreign currency derivatives is recognized within COGS and Other income (expense), net, respectively. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we hadno outstanding non-designated derivative hedge positions.

Notional Amount of Derivative Contracts

The following table summarizes our derivative positions at June 30, 2025:

(Gain) Loss on Derivative Contracts

The following table summarizes the amount of (gain) loss on derivative contracts recorded within our Statements of Consolidated Income in COGS (in millions of dollars):

Fair Values of Derivative Contracts

The fair values of our derivative contracts are based upon trades in liquid markets. Valuation model inputs can be verified, and valuation techniques do not involve significant judgment. The fair values of such derivatives are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

All of our derivative contracts with counterparties are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. We reflect the fair value of our derivative contracts on a gross basis on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table presents the fair value of our derivative assets and liabilities (in millions of dollars):

The following table presents the total amounts of derivative assets and liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions of dollars):

Fair Values of Other Financial Instruments

All Other Financial Assets and Liabilities. We believe that the fair values of our accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective carrying values due to their short maturities and nominal credit risk.

6. Debt and Credit Facility

Senior Notes

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had outstanding fixed-rate unsecured Senior Notes with varying maturity dates. The stated interest rates and aggregate principal amounts of such Senior Notes were, respectively: (i)4.625% and $500.0 million(“4.625%

Senior Notes”) and (ii)4.50% and $550.0 million (“4.50% Senior Notes”). Our Senior Notes do not require us to make any mandatory redemptions or sinking fund payments. The following table summarizes key details of our Senior Notes:

The following table presents the fair value of our outstanding Senior Notes, which are Level 1 liabilities (in millions of dollars):

Revolving Credit Facility

In October 2019, we entered into a Revolving Credit Facility. Joining us as borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility are four of our wholly owned domestic operating subsidiaries: (i) Kaiser Aluminum Investments Company; (ii) Kaiser Aluminum Fabricated Products, LLC; (iii) Kaiser Aluminum Washington, LLC; and (iv) Kaiser Aluminum Warrick, LLC.

As amended, the Revolving Credit Facility contains a maximum commitment amount of $575.0 million (of which up to a maximum of $50.0 million may be utilized for letters of credit) and is set to mature in April 2027. The amount we can borrow under our Revolving Credit Facility is determined by the value of our receivables and inventory, which serve as collateral for the facility. Our effective interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the amended Revolving Credit Facility is based on the rates of Base Rate Loans and SOFR Loans (as defined in the amended Revolving Credit Facility). The rate for Base Rate Loans is equal to the prevailing Prime Rate plus 0.25% (or, if borrowing availability is less than 40% of the maximum revolving commitments,0.50%), while the rate for SOFR Loans, which are made for one or three month periods, is equal to the Term SOFR Reference Rate (as defined in the amended Revolving Credit Facility) plus 1.35% (or, if borrowing availability is less than 40% of the maximum revolving commitments,1.60%). Outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are reported within Long-term debt, net, on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We had $32.8 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of June 30, 2025, reflecting borrowings of $217.6 million and repayments of $184.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025. We hadno outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility as of or during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes availability and usage of our Revolving Credit Facility as determined by a borrowing base calculated as of June 30, 2025 (in millions of dollars):

Interest Expense

The following table presents interest expense relating to our Senior Notes and Revolving Credit Facility (in millions of dollars):

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments. We have a variety of financial commitments, including purchase agreements, forward foreign exchange and forward sales contracts, indebtedness and letters of credit (see Note 5 and Note 6).

Environmental Contingencies. We are subject to a number of environmental laws and regulations, potential fines or penalties assessed for alleged breaches of such laws and regulations and potential claims based upon such laws and regulations. We are also subject to legacy environmental contingencies related to activities that occurred at operating facilities prior to July 6, 2006, which represent the majority of our environmental accruals. The status of these environmental contingencies are discussed below. We have established procedures for regularly evaluating environmental loss contingencies. Our environmental accruals represent our undiscounted estimate of costs reasonably expected to be incurred based on presently enacted laws and regulations, currently available facts, existing requirements, existing technology and our assessment of the likely remediation actions to be taken.

We continue to pursue remediation activities, primarily to address the historical use of oils containing polychlorinated biphenyls (“PCBs”) at Trentwood. Our remediation efforts are in collaboration with the Washington State Department of Ecology (“Ecology”), to which we submitted a feasibility study in 2012 of remediation alternatives and from which we received permission to begin certain remediation activities pursuant to a signed work order. We have completed a number of sections of the work plan and have received satisfactory completion approval from Ecology on those sections. In cooperation with Ecology, we constructed an experimental treatment facility to determine the treatability and evaluate the feasibility of removing PCBs from ground water under Trentwood. In 2015, we began treatment operations involving a walnut shell filtration system, which we optimized for maximum PCB capture during 2020. Furthermore, based on advancements in technology, we signed an Amended Agreed Order with Ecology to evaluate and implement a new Ultraviolet Light Advanced Oxidation Process (“UV/AOP”) for PCB removal from groundwater on a pilot basis. During 2024, based on the positive results of the UV/AOP, we implemented a full-scale UV/AOP treatment system that is fully operational as of December 31, 2024. We are currently working with Ecology, as required by the Amended Agreed Order to finalize details of the UV/AOP and also determine future remediation steps to be taken at which time there may be revisions to our estimated liabilities for this matter.

Pursuant to a consent agreement with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (“OEPA”), we initiated an investigational study of Newark related to historical on-site waste disposal. During the quarter ended December 31, 2018, we submitted our remedial investigation study to the OEPA for review and approval. The final remedial investigation report was approved by the OEPA during the quarter ended December 31, 2020. During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, we submitted an Alternate Arrays Document (“AAD”) to the OEPA for review. During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, based on input from the OEPA and the proposed remediation options included in the AAD, we increased our accrual by $2.9 million. This increase reflects updated preliminary estimates for the most likely remediation activities, as laid out in the AAD. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we met with the OEPA to address their questions on the AAD submission. Based on the input from the OEPA and the additional sampling requested, we plan to submit a revised AAD to the OEPA by September 30, 2025. Once the revised AAD is reviewed and accepted by the OEPA, a final feasibility study will be submitted to the OEPA, which we expect to occur in early 2026.

At June 30, 2025, our environmental accrual of$18.2 million represented our estimate of the incremental remediation cost based on: (i) proposed alternatives in the final feasibility study related to Trentwood; (ii) currently available facts with respect to Newark; and (iii) facts related to certain other locations owned or formerly owned by us. In accordance with approved and proposed remediation action plans, we expect that the implementation and ongoing monitoring could occur over a period of 30 or more years.

As additional facts are developed, feasibility studies are completed, remediation plans are modified, necessary regulatory approvals for the implementation of remediation are obtained, alternative technologies are developed and/or other factors change, there may be revisions to management’s estimates, and actual costs may exceed the current environmental accruals. We believe at this time that it is reasonably possible that undiscounted costs associated with these environmental matters may exceed current accruals by amounts that could be, in the aggregate, up to an estimated$13.4 million over the remediation period. It is reasonably possible that our recorded estimate will change in the next 12 months.

Other Contingencies. We are party to various lawsuits, claims, investigations and administrative proceedings that arise in connection with past and current operations. We evaluate such matters on a case-by-case basis and our policy is to vigorously contest any such claims we believe are without merit. We accrue for a legal liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. Quarterly, in addition to when changes in facts and circumstances require it, we review and adjust these accruals to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of such matters and it is presently impossible to determine the actual cost that may ultimately be incurred, we believe that we have sufficiently accrued for such matters and that the ultimate resolution of pending matters will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, operating results or liquidity.

8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the changes in the accumulated balances for each component of AOCI (in millions of dollars):

Amounts amortized out of AOCI related to pension and other postretirement and postemployment benefits were included within Net periodic postretirement and postemployment benefit cost (see Note 3).

Income tax amounts reclassified out of AOCI were included as a component of Income tax provision.

As of June 30, 2025, we estimate a net mark-to-market gain before tax of$9.1 million in AOCI will be reclassified into Net income upon settlement within the next 12 months.

9. Other Income (Expense), Net

The following table presents the components of Other income (expense), net (in millions of dollars):

Represents advances against business interruption insurance claims. We recognize such advances in the period in which the insurance proceeds are received or become realizable. During thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, we received net cash proceeds of $5.0 million and $10.5 million, respectively.

Supply Chain Financing. We are party to several supply chain financing arrangements, in which we may sell certain of our customers’ trade accounts receivable to such customers’ financial institutions without recourse. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2025, we sold trade accounts receivable totaling$214.2 million and$484.2 million, respectively, related to these supply chain financing arrangements, of which our customers’ financial institutions applied discount fees totaling$5.4 million and$11.0 million, respectively. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2024, we sold trade accounts receivable totaling$265.3 million and$532.4 million, respectively, related to these supply chain financing arrangements, of which our customers’ financial institutions applied discount fees totaling$6.5 million and$12.8 million, respectively. To the extent discount fees related to the sale of trade accounts receivable under supply chain financing arrangements are not reimbursed by our customers, they are included in Other income (expense), net. As of June 30, 2025, we had been and/or expected to be substantially reimbursed by our customers for these discount fees, in accordance with the underlying sales agreements.

10. Income Tax Matters

The following table presents the income tax provision by region (in millions of dollars):

The income tax provision for the quarters ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was$6.7 million and$5.7 million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 22% and 23%, respectively. There was no material difference between the effective tax rate and the blended statutory tax rate for the quarters ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

The income tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was$13.9 million and$11.2 million, respectively, reflecting an effective tax rate of 24% and 23%, respectively. There was no material difference between the effective tax rate and the blended statutory tax rate for thesix months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

Our gross unrecognized benefits relating to uncertain tax positions were $7.8 million and $6.9 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, of which, $7.8 million and $6.9 million would be recorded through our income tax provision and thus, impact the effective tax rate at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, if the gross unrecognized tax benefits were to be recognized.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"). The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing, and the business interest expense limitation. ASC 740, “Income Taxes”, requires the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. Consequently, as of the date of enactment, the Company will evaluate all deferred tax balances under the newly enacted tax law and identify any other changes required to its financial statements as a result of the OBBBA. The Company is still evaluating the impact of the OBBBA and the results of such evaluations will be reflected on the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

11. Earnings Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing distributed and undistributed net income allocable to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. The basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period excludes non-vested share-based payment awards. Basic and diluted net income per share was calculated under the two-class method for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions of dollars, except share and per share amounts):

Represents Net income less distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to non-vested restricted stock awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends.

Quantities in the following discussion are denoted in whole shares. During the quarter andsix months ended June 30, 2025 approximately 565 and 241 shares, respectively, were excluded from the weighted-average diluted shares computation as their inclusion would have been anti‑dilutive. For the quarter andsix months ended June 30, 2024, approximately 170 and 370 shares, respectively, were excluded from the weighted-average diluted shares computation as their inclusion would have been anti‑dilutive.

12. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

We are required to keep on deposit certain amounts that are pledged or held as collateral relating to workers’ compensation and other agreements. We account for such deposits as restricted cash. From time to time, such restricted funds could be returned to us or we could be required to pledge additional cash.

13. Business, Product, and Geographical Area Information

Our primary line of business is the production of semi-fabricated specialty aluminum mill products, such as plate and sheet, bare and coated coils, and extruded and drawn products, primarily used in our Aero/HS Products, Packaging, GE Products, and Automotive Extrusions end markets. We operate production facilities in the United States and Canada. We haveone operating and reportable segment. Our determination that we operate as a single segment is consistent with the financial information regularly viewed by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to evaluate performance and make decisions regarding resource allocation. The CODM uses Net income to measure segment profitability in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the segment or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions or to pay dividends.

The following table presents the significant segment expenses that are provided to the CODM (in millions of dollars):

Hedged cost of alloyed metal includes cost of aluminum at the Midwest transaction price and the cost of alloying elements used in the production process. For the quarters ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, this metric also includes metal price exposure on shipments that we hedged with realized gains upon settlement of $0.6 million and $3.5 million, respectively. For thesix months ended June 30, 2025, this metric also includes metal price exposure on shipments that we hedged with realized gains upon settlement of $5.2 million. There wereno realized gains or losses upon settlement for thesix months ended June 30, 2024.

Manufacturing costs primarily includes labor, utilities, supplies, metal valuation impacts, metal profits, and other materials, excluding alloys incurred at our various production facilities.

Plant overhead includes salaried employee costs, property taxes, and insurance associated with our various production facilities.

Other cost of products sold primarily includes lease expense, accretion expense related to conditional asset retirement obligations, and major maintenance costs.

Employee costs include non direct labor salaries, benefits, and incentive compensation.

Other selling, general and administrative costs primarily include professional services, computer hardware and software costs, office rent, and utilities.

The CODM does not review asset and capital expenditure information by reportable operating segment as such information is presented to the CODM on a consolidated basis.

The following table presents Net sales by end market applications and by timing of control transfer (in millions of dollars):

The following table presents geographic information for income taxes paid (in millions of dollars):

14. Change in Accounting Principle

Effective January 1, 2025, we changed our inventory valuation methodology for finished products, work-in-process, and raw material inventories from LIFO to WAC. All prior periods presented have been adjusted to apply the new method retrospectively.

Certain financial statement line items in our Statements of Consolidated Income for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2024, our Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024, and our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Stockholders’ Equity as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, were adjusted as follows (in millions of dollars, except per share amounts):

The following table compares the amounts that would have been reported under LIFO with amounts reported under WAC in the current period Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (in millions of dollars, except per share amounts):

15. Subsequent Events

Dividend Declaration. On July 15, 2025, we announced that our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of$0.77 per common share. As such, we expect to pay approximately$12.8 million (including dividend equivalents) on or about August 15, 2025 to stockholders of record and the holders of certain restricted stock units at the close of business on July 25, 2025.