GBank Financial Holdings Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Nature of Business

Basis of Presentation

These unaudited interim financial statements are prepared on a consolidated basis for GBank Financial Holdings Inc. (“GBFH”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, GBank (the “Bank”). References herein to “Company” refer to the consolidated entity and its financial statements. The Company has prepared these unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information, SEC rules that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods, and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (all of which are of a normal recurring nature) that are necessary for a fair statement are reflected in the unaudited consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was derived from the Company's 2024 audited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, including the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Forms S-1 and S-1/A. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.

The Company has one reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision makers evaluate the operations of the Company using consolidated information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. See Note 12 - Segment Reporting for more information.

In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 855, “Subsequent Events,” the Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure through the date of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. No subsequent events were identified that would have required a change to the consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

Nature of Operations

GBFH is a bank holding company whose subsidiary, GBank, provides banking services to commercial and consumer customers. GBank’s business is concentrated in the Las Vegas, Nevada area and is subject to the general economic conditions of that area. GBank’s primary market for deposit customers is in Las Vegas and Clark County, Nevada, although GBank accepts deposits from deposit listing services as needed to support its funding needs. GBank’s lending operations are carried out in both (i) its local market area, comprised of Nevada, California, Utah, and Arizona, and (ii) across the United States primarily through the origination, sale, and servicing of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) loans.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

The following reflect accounting pronouncements adopted by the Company:

ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), was issued in December 2023 to enhance income tax disclosures primarily through the disaggregation of the rate reconciliation and disclosure of income taxes paid to each federal and state jurisdiction (net of refunds). The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and may be applied on a prospective or retrospective basis. As the amendments in this update relate entirely to enhanced disclosure requirements, adoption of this guidance will not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. The Company expects to provide these enhanced income tax disclosures beginning with its 10-K filing for December 31, 2025.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

The following reflect accounting pronouncements pending adoption by the Company:

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) – Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses(“ASU 2024-03”) was issued in November 2024 and requires additional disclosure about specified categories of expenses included in relevant expense captions presented on the face of the consolidated statements of income. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either prospectively to consolidated financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of ASU 2024-03, or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on its disclosures.

Note 2. Investment Securities

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses, and estimated fair values of investment securities are summarized as follows:

Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses for available for sale and held to maturity securities. At March 31, 2025, accrued interest receivable totaled $223 thousand for available for sale securities and $168 thousand for held to maturity securities, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2024, accrued interest receivable totaled $194 thousand for available for sale securities and $170 thousand for held to maturity securities, and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

There were no gross realized gains or losses from the sale of securities available-for-sale during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024.

The fair value of investment securities pledged as collateral for potential borrowing purposes (see Note 7) totaled $85.8 million at March 31, 2025 and $79.7 million at December 31, 2024.

The table below illustrates the maturity distribution of investment securities at amortized cost and fair value:

The actual maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from their contractual maturities because the loans underlying the securities may be repaid without any penalties. Therefore, maturity schedules are not presented for mortgage-backed securities.

The following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt security investments aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

Management believes the unrealized losses related to available for sale securities as of March 31, 2025 relate primarily to fluctuations in the current interest rate environment. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, Management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies and whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and various industry analysis reports. There were no Company securities downgraded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024. Management has no near-term intentions to sell the available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position, and management believes the unrealized losses are not credit-related, therefore no allowance for credit losses was recorded related to available for sale securities as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Held to maturity Investment Grade CMO securities are evaluated for credit losses using the probability of default/loss model, and as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no credit loss allowance was warranted related to these securities.

Note 3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale consisted of commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The balance of unguaranteed held for sale loans to be retained are reported as held for investment. The principal balances of loans held for sale are listed below:

Loans Held for Investment

The amortized cost of loans held for investment are listed below. In accordance with ASC 326, GBank has segregated its held for investment loan portfolio into segments characterized by similar risk characteristics, primarily the collateral supporting the loan.

Accrued interest receivable is not included in the amortized cost basis of GBFH's loans. Accrued interest receivable for loans totaled $7.0 million and $6.7 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Beginning in the third quarter of 2023, and continuing into the first quarter 2024, the Company repurchased previously sold guaranteed SBA loans by initiating a change in loan terms with certain borrowers, at the borrowers’ option, to convert variable loans tofive-year fixed loans at lower current interest rates. This activity resulted in the repurchase of $44.2 million of government guaranteed loan balances within the commercial and industrial and commercial real estate segments during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Deferred loan costs of $9.1 million and $8.2 million are included in the balance of net loans as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Loan costs represent the costs incurred to originate the loans, net of fees paid by the borrower, which are measured and recorded at the date the loan is originated. Loan discount of $9.2 million and $8.9 million are included in the balance of net loans as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The discount represents the discount on the retained portion of the government guaranteed loans and is measured at the date the guaranteed portion of the loan is sold, based on the relative fair value of the retained loan as calculated by an independent consulting firm. Loan costs and discount are amortized over the life of the loan and are recorded as an adjustment to interest income on the loan.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Company loans with a carrying value of $621.9 million and $598.3 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for potential borrowing purposes (see Note 7).

The portion of loans guaranteed by the U.S. government and held for investment totaled $204.2 million and $201.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively and are included in the commercial and industrial, commercial real estate - non-owner occupied, and commercial real estate - owner occupied loan segments.

Past Due and Non-accrual Loans

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. A loan’s past due or delinquent status is based on the contractual term specified in each loan agreement. The classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status are summarized as follows:

There were no residential loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in place at March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest according to contractual terms is no longer likely, generally when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due. No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024.

Credit Quality Indicators

Management reviews the Company’s loan portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with the Company’s policy and applicable regulations. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations of the loan agreements. The Company’s internal credit risk-grading system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans.

The Company’s internally assigned grades are as follows:

•

Pass: Loans that are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. Loans in this grade are further broken down into sub-grades ranging from A to E in order to provide for additional granularity in the analyses that are performed.

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Special Mention: Loans where a potential weakness or risk exists that could cause a more serious problem if not corrected.

•

Substandard: Loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and can be characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make full collection or liquidation highly questionable and improbable, based upon the existing circumstances.

•

Loss: Loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted.

The following tables present the amortized cost of loans receivable, by year of origination (for term loans) and by risk grade within each portfolio segment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Current period originations may include modifications, extensions and renewals.

The Company had no loan chargeoffs or recoveries during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Collateral Dependent Loans

GBank has elected to apply the practical expedient under ASC 326 which permits an entity to estimate credit losses based on the fair value of collateral when either applies: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, or (ii) repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operating of the collateral. Fair value estimates for collateral dependent loans are generally based on the current market value or the “as is” value of the collateral derived from recently received and reviewed appraisals from third-party providers. If repayment is dependent on the sale of the collateral, then the fair value used to measure the allowance for credit losses is adjusted for the costs to sell.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by collateral type:

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by loan portfolio segment and the related allowance assigned:

Allowance for Credit Losses

The level of the allowance for credit losses reflects management’s continuing evaluation of product and industry concentrations, specific credit risks, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, present economic, political and regulatory conditions, and unidentified losses expected in the current loan portfolio. Portions of the allowance for credit losses may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance for credit losses is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off.

The following table presents, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for credit losses:

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company may modify certain loans when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the Company grants concessions to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. These concessions may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, extension of maturity date and other actions intended to minimize potential losses.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans held for investment that were modified during the period for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by loan portfolio segment:

There wereno new modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for thethree months ended March 31, 2024.

The performance of these modified loans is monitored for twelve months following the modification. As of March 31, 2025, all modified loans were on nonaccrual status. No modified loans were outstanding as of December 31, 2024.

Note 4. Operating Leases

The Company leases real estate for its main office, two branch offices as well as office space for operations departments under various operating lease agreements. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from September 2030 to October 2032, some of which include options to renew at the Company's discretion. At lease inception, if the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability.

The lease liability is equal to the present value of the future lease payments, discounted using the rate implicit in the lease (or if that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate). Given that the rate implicit in the lease is rarely available, lease liability amounts were calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, for a similar term.

Operating lease right-of-use assets, as well as operating lease liabilities, are presented as separate line items on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has elected not to report short-term leases (i.e., leases with initial terms of twelve months or less) on the consolidated balance sheets.

There wereno sale and leaseback transactions or leveraged leases as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. There were no leases that had not commenced as of March 31, 2025. The Company entered into amendments for two leased locations during the three months ended March 31, 2025 to extend the lease terms byfive years.

Below is a summary of the operating lease right-of-use asset and related lease liability, as well as the weighted average lease term (in years), weighted average discount rate and total rent expense.

At March 31, 2025, future minimum payments for operating leases are payable as follows:

Note 5. Loan Servicing Assets

The Company’s servicing assets consist primarily of the right to service the guaranteed portion of government guaranteed loans sold to others. The fair value of the servicing asset is essentially a valuation of the net future income stream, which is based on the rate of the fee, the estimated repayment speed of the loan and the estimated cost to service the loan.

The amount allocated to the loan servicing rights is recorded at fair value at the time of sale, as calculated by a third-party consulting firm specializing in government guaranteed loan matters.

The loan servicing asset is being amortized over the period of estimated servicing income, generally five to seven years, with the amortization being recorded against loan servicing fee income.

The balance of loans owned by third parties that are being serviced by the Company was $842.8 million and $779.1 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The following table presents a reconciliation of loan servicing rights:

In the event of an early repayment of a serviced loan, the unamortized balance of the loan servicing asset for that loan is charged off against loan servicing fee income.

The loan servicing asset was impacted by the write-off of certain servicing assets totaling $401 thousand relating to the repurchase of the guaranteed portions of previously sold SBA loans during thethree months ended March 31, 2024.

The aggregate balance of loan servicing rights is evaluated for impairment to ensure that the recorded balance is at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. There wasno allowance for impairment recorded as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Note 6. Deposits

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, time deposits amounted to $411.2 million and $370.6 million, respectively. Interest expense on time deposit amounted to $4.5 million and $4.0 million for thethree months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The scheduled maturities of time deposits at March 31, 2025, are as follows:

GBank had $73.3 million of brokered certificates of deposit as of March 31, 2025, having terms between eighteen months and five years. Comparatively, GBank had $79.3 million of brokered certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2024, having terms between thirteen months and five years.

The aggregate amount of demand deposit overdrafts that were reclassified as loans were $41 thousand at March 31, 2025, compared to $34 thousand as of December 31, 2024.

Note 7. Subordinated Debt, Other Borrowings, and Available Lines of Credit

Subordinated Debt Issued 2021

On December 15, 2021, the Company completed a $20 million private placement of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes (the “2021 Notes”). The 2021 Notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all existing claims of creditors of the Company whether now outstanding or subsequently created, assumed, guaranteed, or incurred (collectively, “Senior Indebtedness”). The 2021 Notes are not secured by any assets of the Company or its sole existing subsidiary company, GBank.

The 2021 Notes have a maturity date of December 15, 2031 and carry a fixed interest rate of 3.875% for the first five years through December 15, 2026. Thereafter, the 2021 Notes will pay interest at a quarterly adjustable rate equal to the then-current three-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, plus two hundred and eighty-nine (289) basis points.

Interest on the 2021 Notes is payable quarterly in arrears semiannually on December 15 and June 15. The 2021 Notes are redeemable by the Company in whole or in part on any interest payment date beginning with the interest payment date of December 15, 2026. The net proceeds of the 2021 Notes were $19.6 million which includes $558 thousand of debt issuance costs that are being amortized over the expected life of the 2021 Notes.

The 2021 Notes qualify as Tier II capital for the Company for regulatory capital purposes. At the closing of the private placement, the Company invested $18 million into the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, GBank. The funds invested into GBank are treated as Tier I capital.

Subordinated Debt Issued 2020

On December 30, 2020, the Company completed a $6.5 million private placement of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes (the “2020 Notes”). The 2020 Notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all existing claims of creditors of the Company whether now outstanding or subsequently created, assumed, guaranteed, or incurred (collectively, “Senior Indebtedness”). The 2020 Notes are not secured by any assets of the Company or its sole existing subsidiary company, GBank.

The 2020 Notes have a maturity date of January 15, 2031 and carry a fixed interest rate of 4.50% for the first five years through January 14, 2026. Thereafter, the 2021 Notes will pay interest at a quarterly adjustable rate equal to the then-current three-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, plus four hundred twenty-three (423) basis points.

Interest on the 2020 Notes is payable quarterly in arrears semiannually on January and July 15. The 2020 Notes are redeemable by the Company in whole or in part on any interest payment date beginning with the interest payment date of January 15, 2026. The net proceeds of the 2020 Notes were $6.3 million which includes $207 thousand of debt issuance costs that are being amortized over the expected life of the 2020 Notes.

The 2020 Notes qualify as Tier II capital for the Company for regulatory capital purposes. At the closing of the private placement, the Company invested $6.0 million into the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, GBank. The funds invested into GBank are treated as Tier I capital.

The Company recorded interest expense on subordinated debt issuances totaling $285 thousand and $286 thousand during thethree months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, of which $312 thousand was accrued as of March 31, 2025, compared to $192 thousand accrued as of December 31, 2024.

Lines of Credit

The Company has a line of credit available from the FHLB of San Francisco. Pursuant to collateral agreements with the FHLB of San Francisco, the arrangement is collateralized by qualifying securities having a fair value of $52.0 million and pledged loans having a carrying value of $40.7 million at March 31, 2025. Comparatively, the arrangement was collateralized by qualifying securities having a fair value of $42.5 million and pledged loans having a carrying value of $41.0 million at December 31, 2024.

The unused borrowing capacity at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 with the FHLB of San Francisco, as collateralized by qualifying securities and pledged loans, was $90.0 million and $85.0 million, respectively. No draws have been made on the line, and the balance waszero as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Other Borrowing Arrangements

GBank is approved to pledge loans as collateral under the Federal Reserve Bank’s Borrower-In-Custody (“BIC”) Program. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had pledged loans and investment securities with an approximate carrying value of $614.2 million to the BIC Program and had unused borrowing capacity of $369.7 million. Comparatively, the Company had pledged loans and investment securities with an approximate carrying value of $590.5 million to the BIC Program and had unused borrowing capacity of $362.6 million at December 31, 2024.

The Company hadno short-term borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Note 8. Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Share

Authorized Shares

The Company is authorized to issue three classes of shares: preferred stock, voting common stock, and nonvoting common stock. The Company hadno preferred shares outstanding as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. The Company’s non-voting common stock and voting common stock share equally in dividends and residual net assets on a per share basis, and have identical rights and privileges, with the exception of voting rights. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had 231,508 shares of non-voting common stock issued and outstanding relating to the acquisition of a nonvoting equity interest in BankCard Services. ("BCS") during the second quarter of 2024. Earnings per share amounts, as well as the balance of common stock issued and outstanding on the consolidated balance sheets, reflect both voting and non-voting common shares.

Stock Option Loans

During 2022, the Company approved a Stock Option Loan program (the "Program") under which the Company made secured loans to option holders with proceeds used to pay the exercise price of the stock options. The collateral for the loans was the shares obtained upon exercise of the option using the loan proceeds. All loans under the Program were paid in full during the first quarter of 2025.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each of the years presented. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares, consisting of unvested restricted stock and outstanding stock options, had been issued.

The computation of earnings per share is provided in the table below.

Note 9. Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

On November 4, 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly issued a final rule that provides for an optional, simplified measure of capital adequacy, the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework, for qualifying community banking organizations, consistent with Section 201 of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. The final rule was effective on January 1, 2020 and allows qualifying community banking organizations to calculate a leverage ratio to measure capital adequacy. Banks opting into the CBLR framework are not required to calculate or report risk-based capital. The Company adopted the CBLR standards with its Call Report filed with the federal banking agencies for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

Qualifying community banking organizations that elect to use the community bank leverage ratio framework and that maintain a leverage ratio of greater than nine percent are considered to have satisfied the risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the agencies’ generally applicable capital rule. Additionally, such insured depository institutions are considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements for purposes of section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

The main components and requirements of the community bank leverage ratio framework are as follows:

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Tier 1 Capital Leverage ratio greater than 9 percent

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Less than $10 billion in average total consolidated assets

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Off-balance-sheet exposures of 25 percent or less of total consolidated assets

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Trading assets plus trading liabilities of 5 percent or less of total consolidated assets

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Not an advanced approaches banking organization

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company and GBank were in compliance with the CBLR requirements. The table below presents a summary of the main components and requirements of the CBLR:

Actual and required capital amounts and ratios for the Bank are presented in the table below.

Additionally, State of Nevada banking regulations restrict distribution of the net assets of the Company. These regulations require the sum of the Company’s stockholders’ equity and allowance for credit losses to be at leastsix percent of the average of the Company’s total daily deposit liabilities for the preceding sixty days. As a result of these regulations, $56.9 million and $53.9 million of the Company’s stockholders’ equity was restricted as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments consist of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other parties to the financial instruments for these commitments is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

A summary of the contractual amounts of the Company’s exposure to off-balance-sheet risk is as follows:

(1)

Includes unsecured commitments of $25.6 million and $21.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2)

Includes cash secured standby letters of credit of $797 thousand as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer provided there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon. The total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based upon Management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable; inventory; property, plant and equipment; income-producing commercial properties; and land loans.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held varies as specified above and is required as the Company deems necessary.

GBank calculates estimated credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures which are not unconditionally cancellable on a collective (pool) basis, with these pools mirroring the segments used for the calculation of the allowance for credit losses for loans, as these unfunded commitments share similar risk characteristics with the loan portfolio segments. The allowance for credit losses related to off-balance-sheet commitments was $84 thousand and $73 thousand as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The provision for credit losses related to off-balance-sheet commitments was $11 thousand for thethree months ended March 31, 2025 and $20 thousand for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and is recorded within the allowance for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income.

Financial Instruments with Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial real estate loans. Substantially all of these loans are secured by first liens with an initial loan to value ratio of generally not more than 80%. Commercial real estate loans accounted for 89% and 88% of total loans at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. No other loan classification exceeded 10% of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

The Company makes commercial, commercial real estate, residential real estate and consumer loans to customers in its local market area of Nevada, California, Utah, and Arizona, and to customers located throughout the United States through the Company’s nationwide government guaranteed loan programs.

The Company’s loans are expected to be repaid from cash flow or from proceeds from the sale of selected assets of the borrowers. Unsecured loans accounted for less than 1% of total gross loans at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

At March 31, 2025, the Company’s loan portfolio included loans and loan commitments in forty states. The following table sets forth the dispersion of loan principal balances and related commitments (undisbursed loan proceeds) for the states having at least five percent of the total loan principal balances and commitments outstanding:

Legal Contingencies

The Company is a party to various legal actions normally associated with collections of loans and other business activities of financial institutions, the aggregate effect of which, in Management’s opinion, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements. In the opinion of Management, such proceedings are substantially covered by insurance, and the ultimate disposition of such proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Executive Agreements

The Company has entered into agreements with its key employees stating that, in the event the Company terminates the employment of these officers without cause or upon change in control of the Company, the Company may be liable for the employees’ salary for a period of time as outlined in the agreements.

Other Commitments

During the second quarter of 2022 the Company entered into a Limited Partnership Agreement with a venture capital fund under which the Company has committed up to $2.0 million in capital contributions to the partnership. The Company is a limited partner of the partnership with no controlling financial interests. Capital contributions are expected to be made through 2027. The Company had made capital contributions to the venture capital fund totaling $760 thousand and $660 thousand as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, with this balance included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 11. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets. Valuations are obtained from third-party pricing services for identical or similar assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, including option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, and not based on market exchange, dealer or broker-traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain unobservable assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets.

There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2, and 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or the year ended December 31, 2024.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Securities Available for Sale - The fair value of investment securities classified as available for sale is measured using information from a third-party pricing service. The pricing service uses quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique, used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

The table below presents the balance of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Individually Evaluated Loans, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses - Individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses, are valued based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral, generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties. These loans are included as Level 3 fair values, based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. As of March 31, 2025 the balance of individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $9.2 million was entirely comprised of commercial real estate - non-owner occupied loans. As of December 31, 2024 the balance of individually evaluated loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $11.1 million was comprised of $1.1 million of commercial and industrial loans and $10.0 million of commercial real estate - non-owner occupied loans.

The table below presents the balance of financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy:

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine the fair value.

(1)

Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals which generally include various level 3 inputs that are not identifiable.

(2)

Appraisal amounts may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range of liquidation expenses and other adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal or financial statement book value.

Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows:

Note 12. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Bank’s CODM is T. Ryan Sullivan, CEO and President. The Company’s CODM monitors the revenue streams and significant expenses of its various products and services, as well as budget to actual results, in assessing the Company’s segments. The evaluation of significant expenses include salaries and employee benefits, data processing, occupancy, and legal and professional fees. Overall, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated, on a Company-wide basis using the Company’s consolidated net income to monitor actual results versus budget, in competitive analyses by benchmarking to the Company’s peers, and in decision making pertaining to executive compensation levels, new product decisions, expansion plans, and capital expenditure spending. Accordingly, all of the Company’s operations are considered by management to be aggregated inone reportable segment.

The following table presents certain information reviewed by management:

Other Segment Information

Revenue Composition: GBFH generates revenue primarily from net interest income and non-interest income, including gain on sales of loans, net interchange income, and loan servicing income.

Capital Allocation & Performance Metrics: The CODM assesses performance based on key financial metrics, including net interest margin, return on average assets, return on average equity and the Company's efficiency ratio.