MiNK Therapeutics, Inc.

(1) Business and Liquidity

MiNK Therapeutics, Inc. (“MiNK” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company pioneering the discovery, development and manufacturing of allogeneic, off-the-shelf, invariant natural killer T (“iNKT”) cell therapies to treat cancer and other immune-mediated diseases. iNKT cells are a distinct T cell population that combine durable memory responses with the rapid cytolytic features of natural killer cells. iNKT cells offer distinct therapeutic advantages as a platform for allogeneic therapy in that the cells naturally home to tissues, aid clearance of tumors and infected cells, and suppress graft-versus-host-disease. MiNK’s proprietary platform is designed to facilitate scalable and reproducible manufacturing for off-the-shelf delivery. As such, the Company believes that its approach represents a highly versatile application for therapeutic development in cancer and immune diseases. MiNK is leveraging its platform and manufacturing capabilities to develop a wholly owned or exclusively licensed pipeline of both native and engineered iNKT cells.

Since its inception in 2017, MiNK has incurred losses and expects to continue incurring operating losses and negative cash flows in the future until it is able to generate sales and profits. As of March 31, 2025, MiNK had an accumulated deficit of $146.9 million and cash and cash equivalents of $3.2 million. MiNK believes that its cash and cash equivalents balance, plus anticipated funding, will be sufficient to satisfy its liquidity requirements for more than one year from when these financial statements were issued. Because the completion of anticipated funding is not entirely within the Company’s control, the Company is required to disclose that substantial doubt exists about its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date of filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes MiNK will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.

Management continually monitors MiNK's liquidity position and adjusts spending as needed in order to preserve liquidity. To support its liquidity requirements the Company will require additional funding. Potential sources of additional funding for the Company include: (1) seeking strategic partnerships and collaborations, as well as out-licensing opportunities, for the Company's portfolio programs and product candidates, (2) exploring avenues for securing non-dilutive financing, such as grants, collaborations, and providing fee-based services to strengthen the Company's balance sheet, and (3) potential of equity or debt financing options.

MiNK’s product candidates are in various stages of development and additional expenditures will be required if the Company starts new trials, encounters delays in its programs, applies for regulatory approvals, continues development of its technologies, expands its operations, and/or brings its product candidates to market. The eventual total cost of each clinical trial is dependent on a number of factors such as trial design, length of the trial, number of clinical sites, and number of patients. The process of obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals for new therapeutic products is lengthy, expensive, and uncertain. Because all of the Company’s programs are at an early stage of clinical development, the Company is unable to reliably estimate the cost of completing its research and development programs or the timing for bringing such programs to various markets or substantial partnering or out-licensing arrangements, and, therefore, when, if ever, material cash inflows are likely to commence.

(2) Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 18, 2025. Since the date of those financial statements there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Financial Statement Preparation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and operating results. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

For the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, the local currency is the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using rates in effect at the balance sheet date while expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates during the period. The cumulative translation adjustment resulting from changes in exchange rates are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in total stockholders’ deficit.

On January 17, 2025, MiNK executed a reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock, par value $0.00001, at a ratio of 1-for-10 with a record date of January 28, 2025 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). All common share, per share and related information included in the accompanying financial statements and footnote disclosures have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. See Note 9 for further details.

(3) Net Loss Per Share

Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of outstanding instruments such as stock options. Because the Company reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share, as the effect of utilizing the fully diluted share count would have reduced the net loss per common share. Therefore, the following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, as they would be anti-dilutive:

(4) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

(5) Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Other current liabilities of $2.3 million as of both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, represent the advance received under the Company’s research and development agreement with the Belgium Walloon Region Government (“Walloon Region”). In 2022, the Company received notice that the Walloon Region had obtained a default judgment seeking repayment of approximately $2.3 million of the advance based upon the Company allegedly not providing required notification that research and operations in the region were discontinued.

(6) Share-based Compensation Plans

The Company primarily uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value options granted to employees and non-employees, as well as options granted to members of the Company’s Board of Directors. All stock option grants have 10-year terms and generally vest ratably over a 3 or 4-year period.

A summary of option activity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 is presented below:

No options were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The weighted average grant-date fair values of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $6.90. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, all options were granted with exercise prices equal to the market value of the underlying shares of common stock on the grant date.

As of March 31, 2025, there was $1.7 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to employees, consultants and directors which, if all milestones are achieved on outstanding performance-based awards, will be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years. For awards with performance conditions, expense is recognized if the underlying performance conditions are deemed probable of achievement.

A summary of non-vested stock activity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 is presented below:

As of March 31, 2025, there was $0.7 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to these non-vested shares which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.4 years.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025,97 shares were issued under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

Stock based compensation expense also includes expense related to awards to employees of the Company from the Agenus 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The impact on the Company’s results of operations from share-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, was as follows (in thousands):

(7) Related Party Transactions

Until the completion of its Initial Public Offering (“IPO”), the Company relied on Agenus for all of its working capital requirements. For the periods presented, certain of the Company’s operations were fully integrated with Agenus, including, but not limited to, corporate functions such as finance, human resources, information technology and certain legal functions. The Company’s consolidated financial statements reflect all costs of doing business related to these operations.

In September 2021, the Company entered into an Intellectual Property Assignment and License Agreement with Agenus (the “New Assignment and License Agreement”), upon which the prior intercompany agreement between Agenus and MiNK was terminated. Pursuant to the New Assignment and License Agreement, Agenus assigned to the Company certain patent rights and know-how related to its iNKT cell platform, product candidates and other patents and know-how related to its business. In addition to the patent rights assigned to the Company by Agenus, the Company also received an exclusive, royalty-free, sublicensable license to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize certain licensed technology in the field. The New Assignment and License Agreement further provides for the Company to grant Agenus a field-limited, non-exclusive, royalty-free license under the assigned patent rights, subject to MiNK’s discretion and provided such access would not reasonably result in a disruption of planned MiNK activities. Agenus has also agreed to provide the Company with Agenus’ biological material upon written request in order for the Company to use such material in its development activities of a combination therapy. Agenus may withhold the transfer of biological material, including, but not limited to, checkpoint modulating antibodies, for various reasons, including if such transfer would reasonably result in a disruption of planned Agenus activities. For any materials Agenus does share with the Company, the parties have agreed to enter into a separate agreement governing the transfer and providing for joint ownership of the data. Agenus has agreed that during the full term of the New Assignment and License Agreement, and forthree years thereafter, it will not develop, manufacture or commercialize an iNKT cell therapy, directly or indirectly by transferring such technology. The Company may terminate the New Assignment and License Agreement without cause upon 90 days’ prior written notice to Agenus. Either party may terminate if there has been a material breach which has not been cured within 90 days (or 45 days for breach of payment obligations) of receiving such notice.

Effective April 1, 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Intercompany Services Agreement (the “New Intercompany Agreement”) with Agenus, which amended and restated the Intercompany General & Administrative Agreement between the Company and Agenus dated September 10, 2021 (the “Prior Intercompany Agreement”). Under the New Intercompany Agreement, Agenus provides the Company with certain general and administrative support, including, without limitation, financial, facilities management, human resources and information technology administrative support (the “Agenus Services”), and the Company and Agenus provide each other with certain research and development services (the “R&D Services”) and other support services, including legal and regulatory support (the “Shared Services”). The Company is required to pay 10% of Agenus’ costs related to the Agenus Services, and the costs of R&D Services are based upon pass-through costs related to such services plus an allocation of the costs of the employees performing the services. No payment will be due from either party for the Shared Services, provided that the services provided by each party are proportional in scope and volume. The Company is also entitled to use Agenus’ business offices and laboratory space and equipment in exchange for the Company contributing a proportionate payment for the use of such facilities and equipment, and the Company will be covered by certain Agenus insurance policies, subject to certain conditions, including the Company paying the cost of such coverage. Either party may terminate the New Intercompany Agreement upon 60 days’ prior written notice and individual services upon 30 days’ prior written notice.

Allocated Agenus services primarily include payroll related expenses, facility costs, insurance and stock-based compensation, and are included in the accompanying financial statements based on certain estimates and allocations described above. Under the Prior Intercompany Agreement, the allocation methods primarily included time devoted to activities and headcount-based allocations. Agenus business services and occupancy costs were allocated to the Company based on the Company’s headcount as a percentage of Agenus’ and the Company was required to pay 105% of Agenus’ costs for these business services and occupancy costs. Research services were charged between the entities based on hours recorded by Agenus employees as time spent on specific projects, applied to hourly wage rates, and the Company paid 110% of Agenus’ costs for these research services. As such, these allocations may not be indicative of the actual amounts that would have been recorded had the Company operated as an independent, publicly traded company for the periods presented.

Allocation of Agenus services, net of approximately $236,000 and $227,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, is included in “Operating expenses” in the Company’s statement of operations and “Due to related parties,” of $13.9 million as of March 31, 2025, in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. Agenus has agreed to not require repayment of this balance for the foreseeable future.

On February 12, 2024, the Company and Agenus entered into a Convertible Promissory Note Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") pursuant to which the Company issued to Agenus a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of up to $5.0 million (the "Note"). The Purchase Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, for the Company’s issuance and sale of the Note to Agenus.

The Note carries an annual rate of interest rate of 2% (the “Interest Rate”) that accrues from the date funds are paid or advanced by Agenus to the Company. Interest shall accrue and not be payable until converted or paid in connection with the repayment in full of the principal amount of the Note. The Note provides that the Company will pay Agenus on request the principal amount outstanding, together with any unpaid interest, on or after January 1, 2026. In the event of a qualified financing event, as defined in the Note, the outstanding principal amount of the Note plus accrued and unpaid interest shall, at Agenus’ election, either be paid in full or converted into equity shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the amount due on the date of conversion by (ii)80% of the per share price of the equity securities sold in the qualified financing. Upon a change of control, the Company will pay Agenus an amount equal to (i) 1.5 times the principal then outstanding under the Note and (ii) the amount of accrued interest then outstanding immediately prior to the closing of such change of control.

In March 2024, MiNK received $5.0 million from Agenus and the Note was fully drawn. As of March 31, 2025, the Note had a principal balance of $5.0 million, an accrued and unpaid interest balance of $104,444 and a market interest rate of 15.0%.

In January 2023, the Company's Chief Executive Officer (“CEO” or “Dr. Buell”), became an employee of Agenus in the role of Chairman of the Executive Council, and she was appointed to the Agenus Board of Directors in June 2024. As an employee of Agenus, Dr. Buell is paid $150,000 annually. In January 2023 Dr. Buell was granted an option to acquire 37,500 shares of Agenus common stock that vest over a period of four years, in June 2024 she was granted an option to acquire 37,500 shares of Agenus common stock that vest over a period of three years and in November 2024 Dr. Buell was granted an option to acquire 300,000 shares of Agenus common stock that vest after one year. Dr. Buell receives no additional compensation as an Agenus board member.

Dr. Buell's spouse is a partner in the law firm of Wolf, Greenfield & Sachs, P.C. (“Wolf Greenfield”), which provided legal services to the Company during the periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and continues to do so. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company expensed Wolf Greenfield fees totaling approximately $91,000 and $27,000, respectively. Dr. Buell’s spouse does not receive direct compensation from the fees paid to Wolf Greenfield by the Company and the fees paid by the Company to Wolf Greenfield in the period were an insignificant amount of Wolf Greenfield’s revenues. The Company’s Audit and Finance Committee approved these services under its related-party transactions policy.

(8) Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures the Note at fair value. The fair value of the Note at March 31, 2025 was approximately $5.0 million, using a scenario based present value methodology that was derived by evaluating the nature and terms of the Note and considering the prevailing economic and market conditions at the balance sheet date, some of which are considered Level 2 inputs under the fair value measurements standard. As of March 31, 2025 the Note had a principal balance of $5.0 million. The initial difference between the determined fair value at the issuance of the Note and the proceeds received was recorded as additional paid-in capital at the date of issuance. The difference between the fair value of the Note at December 31, 2024 and the fair value of the Note as of March 31, 2025 was recorded in "Operating expenses" in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

(9) Equity

On January 17, 2025, the Company's stockholders approved a proposal to amend its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), to effect areverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock at a ratio of 1-for-10 (the “Reverse Stock Split”). On January 17, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to our Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the Reverse Stock Split. Pursuant to the Certificate of Amendment, the Reverse Stock Split became effective at 12:01 a.m., Eastern Time, on January 28, 2025. As of the opening of trading on January 28, 2025, MiNK's common stock began trading on a post-split basis under CUSIP number 603693 201.

Allcommon share, per share and related information included in the accompanying financial statements and footnote disclosures have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.

(10) Segments

MiNK is managed and operated asone business segment. The Company does not operate separate lines of business with respect to any of its product candidates or geographic locations. MiNK'ssingle reportable segment is focused on the discovery, development and manufacturing of allogeneic, off-the-shelf, iNKT cell therapies to treat cancer and other immune-mediated diseases.

MiNK's CEO serves as its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and is responsible for reviewing company performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. The Company's CODM evaluates company performance based on net loss, as included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, ensuring resource allocation decisions support company goals. The measure of segment assets is total assets, as included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to the consolidated financial statements for other financial information regarding the Company's single reportable segment.

The following table presents selected financial information related to the Company's single reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

In the table above, “Other operating expenses” includes items such as the allocation of Agenus Services, depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense, fair value adjustments and expenses related to certain foreign subsidiaries.

(11) Contingencies

The Company may currently be, or may become, a party to legal proceedings. While the Company currently believes that the ultimate outcome of any of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or liquidity, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainty and consumes both cash and management attention.

(12)Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires incremental annual disclosures around income tax rate reconciliations, income taxes paid and other related disclosures. For the Company, ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted for any annual periods for which financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on the notes to its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE). This new guidance requires all public entities to incorporate disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement as well as disclosures about selling expenses. Public entities must adopt ASU 2024-03 prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the three months ended March 31, 2025 had or is expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

(13) Subsequent Events

On May 13, 2025, MiNK received a letter (the “MVLS Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying it that for the previous 30 consecutive trading days the Company’s Minimum Value of Listed Securities (“MVLS”) was less than $35.0 million, as required by Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2) (the “MVLS Rule”). Nasdaq has provided the Company with 180 calendar days, or until November 10, 2025, to regain compliance. To regain compliance, the Company’s MVLS must meet or exceed $35.0 million for a minimum of ten consecutive trading days.

In the event the Company does not regain compliance with the MVLS Rule prior to the expiration of the compliance period, it will receive written notification that its securities are subject to delisting. At that time, the Company may appeal the delisting determination to the Nasdaq Hearings Panel. The Company will continue to monitor its MVLS and consider its available options to regain compliance with the MVLS Rule. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance with the MVLS Rule.