SR Bancorp, Inc.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of SR Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. The consolidated financial statements are prepared on an accrual basis and include the accounts of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Somerset Regal Bank (the “Bank”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Somerset Investment Co. (the “Investment Co.”), RB Properties, LLC and Somerset Consumer Service Corp. (“SCS”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Investment Co. is a special purpose entity subject to the investment company provisions of the New Jersey Corporation Business Tax Act whose activities are limited to holding investment securities and recognizing income and other gains/losses thereon. RB Properties, LLC was formed to own and manage real estate property acquired through foreclosure or in lieu of foreclosure in connection with loans. RB Properties, LLC is currently inactive. SCS has had limited activity.

The interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including normal and recurring accruals, which are, in the opinion of management, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the full fiscal year or any other period. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the statements of financial condition and the results of operations for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024.

Conversion, Stock Offering and Merger

The conversion of Somerset Savings Bank, SLA from the mutual to stock form of organization and related stock offering by the Company, the holding company for Somerset Savings Bank, SLA, was completed on September 19, 2023. The Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “SRBK” on September 20, 2023.

The Company sold 9,055,172 shares of its common stock at a price of$10.00 per share, which included 760,634 shares sold to Somerset Regal Bank’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan. Additionally, the Company contributed 452,758 shares and$905,517 in cash to the Somerset Regal Charitable Foundation, Inc., a charitable foundation formed in connection with the conversion. Upon the completion of the conversion and offering,9,507,930 shares of Company common stock were outstanding.

Promptly following the completion of the conversion and related stock offering, Regal Bancorp, Inc., a New Jersey corporation (“Regal Bancorp”), merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving entity (the “Merger”). Immediately following the Merger, Regal Bank, a New Jersey chartered commercial bank headquartered in Livingston, New Jersey and the wholly-owned subsidiary of Regal Bancorp, merged with and into Somerset Bank, which had converted into a commercial bank charter, and was renamed Somerset Regal Bank (the “Bank”). In connection with the Merger, each outstanding share of Regal Bancorp common stock converted into the right to receive$23.00 in cash. The Merger was completed on September 19, 2023. The accounts and operations of Regal Bancorp and Regal Bank are included in these consolidated financial statements since the Merger on September 19, 2023.

Business

SR Bancorp, Inc., a Maryland corporation, is the holding company for Somerset Regal Bank. The Bank, which was formed in 1887, serves Essex, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Morris, Somerset and Union counties in New Jersey. The Bank is a New Jersey chartered commercial bank subject to the laws and regulations of federal and state agencies. As a locally managed commercial bank, the Bank provides retail and commercial banking services to individuals, businesses and local municipalities through its 14 full-service branch locations.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company's lending activity is concentrated in loans secured by real estate located primarily in New Jersey. Credit risk exposure in this area of lending is mitigated by adhering to conservative underwriting practices and policies, and close monitoring of the loan portfolio. The Company does not have any significant concentrations to any one industry or customer.

Notes 4 discusses the types of investment securities in which the Company invests. Credit risk as it relates to investment activities is mitigated through the monitoring of ratings. The Company's portfolio consists principally of highly-rated government-sponsored agency securities.

Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures". The amendments in this ASU require improved reportable segment information on an annual and interim basis, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, which is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". The amendments in this ASU require improved annual income tax disclosures surrounding rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, and other disclosures. This update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, which is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update 2024-01, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards" ("ASU 2024-01"), clarifies how an entity determines whether a profits interest or similar award is within the scope of Topic 718 or is not a share-based payment arrangement and therefore within the scope of other guidance. ASU 2024-01 provides an illustrative example with multiple fact patterns and also amends certain language in the "Scope" and "Scope Exceptions" sections of Topic 718 to improve its clarity and operability without changing the guidance. Entities can apply the amendments either retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements or prospectively to profits interest and similar awards granted or modified on or after the date of adoption. If prospective application is elected, an entity must disclose the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle. ASU 2024-01 is effective July 1, 2025, including interim periods, and is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update 2024-02, "Codification Improvements" ("ASU 2024-02"), amends the Codification to remove references to various concept statements and impacts a variety of topics in the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance, but in most instances the references removed are extraneous and not required to understand or apply the guidance. Generally, the amendments in ASU 2024-02 are not intended to result in significant accounting changes for most entities. ASU 2024-02 is effective for the Company on July 1, 2025, and is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

Accounting Standards Update 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures" ("ASU 2024-03"), requires additional expense disclosures by public entities in the notes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 outlines the specific costs that are required to be disclosed, which include costs such as: employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, selling costs and depreciation. It also requires qualitative descriptions of the amounts remaining in the relevant income statement captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively in the notes to the financial statements and the entity's definition of selling expenses. The disclosures are required for each interim and annual reporting period. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. In January 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-01, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures: Clarifying the Effective Date" ("ASU 2025-01"), clarifying the interim reporting date when an entity must adopt ASU 2024-03. According to ASU 2025-01, ASU 2024-03 is effective for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements, which is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events for recognition or disclosure through May 15, 2025, the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

Business Combination

On September 19, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of Regal Bancorp and Regal Bank, under which Regal Bancorp merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the resulting entity. Immediately following the Merger, Regal Bank merged with and into Somerset Bank, which had converted to a commercial bank charter, with Somerset Bank as the surviving entity, and was renamed Somerset Regal Bank. In connection with the Merger, each outstanding share of Regal Bancorp common stock converted into the right to receive$23.00 in cash.

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their fair values as of September 19, 2023 based on management’s best estimate using the information available as of the merger date. The application of the acquisition method of accounting resulted in the recognition of goodwill of$20.4 million and a core deposit intangible of$9.1 million. Accounting guidance provides that an acquirer must recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period, which ran through September 19, 2024. The acquirer must record in the financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization or other income effects, if any, as a result of the changes to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date.

The following table sets forth assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Regal Bancorp, at their estimated fair values as of the closing date of the transaction:

(a)

Adjustment for interest rate and credit risk to reduce loans to fair value, to be amortized as an increase to interest income over their remaining term.

(b)

Elimination of Regal Bank allowance for loan losses.

(c)

Elimination of pre-existing goodwill.

(d)

Recording of new intangible asset for the fair value of core deposits, to be amortized on an accelerated basis over the estimated average life of the deposit base.

(e)

Elimination of pre-existing intangible asset for the fair value of core deposits.

(f)

Elimination of deferred costs.

(g)

Recording of the deferred income tax effects of fair value adjustments.

(h)

Adjustment to reduce time deposits to fair value, to be amortized as an increase to interest expense over their remaining term.

(i)

Final adjustments of income taxes, other assets and other liabilities.

During the nine months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded one-time merger-related expenses of $4.1 million in the consolidated statements of income (loss), consisting of$2.6 million for change in control payments,$612,000 for investment banking services,$414,000 related to the termination of a data processing contract,$99,000 for legal expenses,$42,000 for severance payments,$17,000 in other professional services and$30,000 in other miscellaneous expenses. In addition, the Company recorded a$4.2 million provision for estimated credit losses in connection with the acquired loan portfolio.

The fair value of loans acquired from Regal Bank was estimated using cash flow projections based on the remaining maturity and repricing terms. Cash flows were adjusted by estimating future credit losses and the rate of prepayments. Projected monthly cash flows were then discounted to present value using a risk-adjusted market rate for similar loans. There was no carryover of Regal Bank’s allowance for loan losses associated with the loans that were acquired. The core deposit intangible asset recognized is being amortized over its estimated useful life of approximately 10 years utilizing the sum-of-the-years digits method. The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the Company recognizes amounts for identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated acquisition date fair value. At June 30, 2024, the Company finalized its review of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities and did not record any further adjustments to the carrying value.

The fair value of retail demand and interest-bearing deposit accounts was assumed to approximate the carrying value as these accounts have no stated maturity and are payable on demand. The fair value of time deposits was estimated by discounting the contractual future cash flows using market rates offered for time deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share represents income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share have been calculated in a manner similar to that of basic earnings per share except that weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potential dilutive common shares (such as those resulting from the exercise of stock options and vested restricted stock awards) were issued during the period, computed using the treasury stock method. Unallocated ESOP shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.

The following table presents the composition of the weighted average common shares used in the earnings per share calculation:

Investment Securities

The Company ownedno investment securities available-for-sale at March 31, 2025 or June 30, 2024. The amortized cost and approximate fair value of securities held-to-maturity are as follows at the dates indicated:

There wereno purchases or sales of available-for sale securities in thethree and nine months ended March 31, 2025. During the nine months ended March 31, 2024, the Company acquired $20.9 million of available-for-sale securities from the Regal Bancorp acquisition. Following the completion of the Merger, the Company sold $19.2 million of its available-for-sale portfolio, which resulted in a realized gain of $17,000 in the nine months ended March 31, 2024. The Company didnot purchase or sell any other available-for-sale securities during thethree and nine months ended March 31, 2024.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities held-to-maturity by contractual maturity at March 31, 2025 are shown in the following table. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Securities are assigned to categories based on contractual maturity except for mortgage-backed securities and CMOs, which are based on the estimated average life of the securities.

The unrealized losses as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, categorized by the length of time of continuous loss position, and the fair value of the related securities held-to-maturity are as follows:

On a quarterly basis, management evaluates whether there is a credit loss associated with any declines in fair value. Management considers the nature of the collateral, default rates, delinquency rates, credit ratings and interest rate changes, among other factors. However, the Company has determined that highly rated issues and mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies have azero expected credit loss.

At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, mortgage-backed securities with a carrying value of approximately $1.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure public funds on deposit. During thethree and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there wereno sales of securities held-to-maturity.

Loans Receivable

Loans at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 are summarized as follows:

The Company engages primarily in the lending of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate commercial real estate and residential mortgage loans. Lending activities are targeted to individuals within the Company's geographic footprint. Risks associated with lending activities include changes in economic conditions and interest rates, which can adversely impact both the ability of borrowers to repay their loans and the value of the associated collateral. Credit risk exposure is minimized by the evaluation of the creditworthiness of the borrower, including debt-to-income ratios, credit scores and conservative underwriting standards with loan-to-value ratios of generally no more than 75% for commercial loans,80% for multifamily loans and 80% for residential loans. Residential mortgage loans granted in excess of the 80% loan-to-value ratio criterion generally require private mortgage insurance. The real estate home equity portfolio consists of fixed-rate home equity loans and variable-rate home equity lines of credit. Risks associated with second lien loans secured by residential properties are generally lower than commercial loans and include general economic risks, such as the strength of the job market, employment stability and the strength of the housing market.

At March 31, 2025, commercial loans represented 45.5% of net loans, while residential mortgage, consumer and other loans represented 54.5%, nearly all of which is concentrated within our primary market area in New Jersey. The Company holds 96.8% of its commercial loan portfolio in commercial real estate, consisting of multi-family, mixed use and owner occupied loans, with less than 1% secured by office buildings. At March 31, 2025, the Company hadno non-accrual commercial loans.

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan class for thethree and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following table presents the credit risk profile of loans by class and fiscal year of origination as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:

The following table presents the amortized cost of collateral-dependent non-accrual loans by portfolio segment and type of collateral as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

The following tables present the classes of loans summarized by past due status as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:

At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company hadno foreclosed real estate owned and there wereno loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 are summarized as follows:

Depreciation expense amounted to $703,000 and$520,000 for thenine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842. The Company's right-of-use asset and operating lease liability are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of the remaining lease payment obligations using discount rates that represent the Company’s incremental borrowing rate as of the lease commencement dates. The Company leases only office space and equipment under operating leases, with original lease terms ranging from five toten years. The Company elected not to include short-term leases with initial terms of twelve months or less on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had not entered into any material leases that have not yet commenced. The operating lease agreements recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, as well as other information related to the Company's operating leases, are summarized in the table below.

Future undiscounted minimum lease payments for operating leases with initial terms of one year or more as of March 31, 2025 are as follows:

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and core deposit intangibles resulted from the Company's acquisition of Regal Bancorp, which was accounted for under FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. In accordance with FASB ASC 805, the Company recorded $20.4 million of goodwill and $9.1 million of core deposit intangibles. The intangible assets are related to core deposits and are being amortized over 10 years, using an accelerated method.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and core deposit intangibles for thenine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

Goodwill and Intangible assets at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:

As of March 31, 2025, the amortization of the core deposit intangibles in future fiscal years is as follows:

Deposits

Deposits at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 consisted of the following:

Certificates of deposit with balances in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") insurance limit of $250,000 at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 amounted to approximately$25.2 million and$21.9 million, respectively. Uninsured deposits of municipalities and local government agencies are protected under a New Jersey supplemental insurance program with collateralized assets.

At March 31, 2025, the scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit are as follows:

Borrowings

The Company can borrow overnight funds from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") under a redesigned overnight advance program up to the Company’s maximum borrowing capacity based on the Company’s ability to collateralize such borrowings. At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company's maximum borrowing capacity was$100.0 million.

At March 31, 2025, the Company had a $30.0 million advance with the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York at a fixed rate of 4.48%, which matures on May 5, 2025. At June 30, 2024, the Company hadno outstanding borrowings.

At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized borrowings of up to$25.0 million from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRB-NY”), secured by pledges of the Company’s qualifying loan portfolio and generally on overnight terms with an interest rate quoted at the time of the borrowing. The Company hadno outstanding borrowings from the FRB-NY at March 31, 2025 or June 30, 2024, respectively.

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the statement of financial position.

The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

At March 31, 2025, total unfunded loan-related commitments, including lines of credit, amounted to$58.7 million, comprised of$37.1 million for unused equity lines of credit and$21.6 million to originate and purchase loans, expiring within three months.

At June 30, 2024, total unfunded loan-related commitments, including lines of credit, amounted to$72.1 million, comprised of$36.1 million for unused equity lines of credit and$36.0 million to originate and purchase loans, expiring within three months.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty.

A reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized and included in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Periodic adjustm ents to either increase or decrease the reserve are recognized in non-interest expense in the consolidated statements of income. The Company recorded $40,000 and $0 expense for thenine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The balance for unfunded commitments was $40,000 at March 31, 2025 and $0 at June 30, 2024.

Stock-Based Compensation

On November 20, 2024, the Company adopted the SR Bancorp, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan ("2024 Equity Plan”). The 2024 Equity Plan authorizes 1,331,110 shares of common stock for equity-based compensation awards including restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, non-qualified stock options, and incentive stock options. As of March 31, 2025, there were 266,286 shares available for future grants.

Stock Options

On January 29, 2025 and February 5, 2025, the Company granted 465,889 and 57,009, respectively, of stock options to certain officers and employees of the company with a contractual term of 10 years. The stock options vest in equal annual installments over afive-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following table sets forth information regarding the grants:

(1)

Expected volatility is based on the standard deviation of the historical volatility of the daily adjusted closing price of a group of peers' shares

(2)

Expected term represents the period of time that the option is expected to be outstanding, determined using the "Simplified Method"

(3)

Expected dividend yield is determined based on management's expectations regarding issuing dividends in the foreseeable future.

(4)

The risk-free rate of return is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for a period equivalent to the expected term of the option

The following table represents stock option activities for the period indicated:

The aggregate intrinsic value is the amount by which the fair value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of an option on the exercise date.

Restricted Stock Awards

On January 29, 2025 and February 5, 2025, the Company granted 186,356 and 22,800, respectively, of restricted stock awards to certain officers and employees. The restricted stock awards vest in equal annual installments over afive-year period. The restricted stock awards are measured based on grant-date fair value, which reflects the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant.

The following table represents information regarding restricted stock award activities for the periods indicated:

The following table represents the compensation expense and income tax benefit recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards for the period indicated:

The following table sets forth the total compensation cost related to non-vested awards not yet recognized and the weighted average period (in years) over which it is expected to be recognized as of March 31, 2025:

Regulatory Capital

The Bank is subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the maintenance of minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total capital, Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. A capital conservation buffer of 2.50%, comprised of common equity Tier I capital, is also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements and must be maintained to avoid limitations on capital distributions.

In 2021, the Bank adopted the new community bank leverage ratio framework. This framework simplifies the regulatory capital requirements by requiring the Bank to meet only the Tier 1 capital to average assets (leverage) ratio. The Bank must only maintain a leverage ratio greater than the 9.0% required minimum to be considered well capitalized under this framework. The Bank can opt out of the new framework and return to the risk-weighting framework at any time.

Market risk, credit risk, operational risk and deposit outflows are some of the factors that can impact the capital adequacy ratio and in turn, adversely affect the performance of the Bank. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject. As of March 31, 2025, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum ratios as set forth in the following tables. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank's category. The Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios are as follows:

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The Company’s securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets or liabilities on a non-recurring basis. These non-recurring fair value adjustments involve the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value as an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A three-level hierarchy has been established for fair value measurements based upon the inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability.

Level 1 - Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 - Valuation is determined from quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument;

Level 3 - Valuation is derived from model-based and other techniques in which at least one significant input is unobservable and which may be based on the Company’s own estimates about the assumptions that a market participant would use to value the asset or liability.

The Company's available-for-sale portfolio is carried at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The securities available-for-sale portfolio consists of U.S. government-sponsored enterprise and mortgage-backed securities. The fair values of these securities were obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. The independent pricing service provided prices categorized as Level 2, as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are generally not available for the securities.

For financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used are as follows:

The classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Other securities are measured at fair value using quoted market prices in an active market for identical assets and are classified as Level 1 in the hierarchy. The estimated fair values of equity securities are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized exchanges (Level 1 inputs).

All debt securities are measured at fair value using matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices and are classified as Level 2 in the hierarchy.

There wereno transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy during thenine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The following tables present those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, and additional quantitative information about the valuation techniques and inputs utilized to determine fair value. All such assets and liabilities were measured using Level 3 inputs:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments not Carried at Fair Value

The Company discloses fair value information about financial assets, whether or not recognized in the statements of financial condition, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The fair value of financial assets that are not measured at fair value in the financial statements were based on the exit price notion. The following estimated fair value amounts have been determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, the estimates below are not necessarily indicative of amounts that could be realized in the marketplace. The use of different market assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were as follows:

Loans

The fair values of performing loans was estimated by segregating the portfolio into its primary loan categories—owner occupied commercial real estate, other commercial real estate, multi-family, commercial and industrial, residential and consumer. These categories were further disaggregated based upon significant financial characteristics such as type of interest rate (fixed/variable). The Company discounts the contractual cash flows for each loan category using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar quality and incorporates estimates of future loan prepayments.

Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no defined maturities (e.g. demand deposits, interest-bearing demand accounts, money market accounts and savings accounts) is the amount payable on demand of the liabilities at the reporting date (i.e. their carrying amounts). This approach to estimating fair value excludes the significant benefit that results from the low -cost funding provided by such deposit liabilities, as compared to alternative sources of funding. Deposits with stated maturities (time deposits) have been valued using the present value of cash flows discounted at rates approximating the current market for similar deposits.

Borrowed Funds

The fair value of federal funds purchased is equal to the amount borrowed. The fair value of FRB-NY or FHLB advances represents contractual repayments discounted using interest rates currently available for borrowings with similar characteristics and remaining maturities. The discount rates used are representative of approximate rates currently offered on borrowings with similar characteristics and maturities.