Sight Sciences, Inc.

Note 1. Company and Nature of Business

Description of Business

Sight Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 2010 and is headquartered in Menlo Park, California. The Company is an ophthalmic medical device company focused on the development and commercialization of surgical and nonsurgical technologies for the treatment of prevalent eye diseases. The Company’s mission is to develop transformative, interventional technologies that allow eyecare providers to procedurally elevate the standards of care — empowering people to keep seeing.

The Company's product portfolio aligns with its two reportable operating segments: Surgical Glaucoma and Dry Eye. The products for the Surgical Glaucoma segment include the OMNI® Surgical System ("OMNI"), which is an implant-free, handheld, single-use, therapeutic technology that enables ophthalmic surgeons to perform a comprehensive procedure (i) indicated in the United States to reduce intraocular pressure in adult patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, and (ii) CE Marked for the catheterization and transluminal viscodilation of Schlemm’s canal and cutting of the trabecular meshwork to reduce intraocular pressure in adult patients with open-angle glaucoma; and the SION® Surgical Instrument ("SION"), a bladeless, manually operated device used in ophthalmic surgical procedures to excise trabecular meshwork. The product portfolio for the Dry Eye segment consists of the TearCare® System ("TearCare") for ophthalmologists and optometrists. TearCare is a proprietary, interventional, dry eye device designed to melt and facilitate the comprehensive removal of meibomian gland obstructions and restore gland functionality and healthy oil production for adult patients with evaporative dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction (“MGD”) when used in conjunction with manual expression of the meibomian glands, enabling clearance of gland obstructions by physicians to address the leading cause of dry eye disease.

Liquidity Considerations

Since inception, the Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $360.5 million and recorded a net loss of $14.2 million for the three months then ended and expects to incur additional losses in the future.

The Company believes its cash and cash equivalents balance, and other existing sources of liquidity will satisfy its working capital and capital resource requirements for at least 12 months from the date of issuance of its consolidated financial statements. Any failure to generate increased revenue, achieve improved gross margins, or control operating costs could require the Company to raise additional capital through equity or debt financing. Such additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If the Company is unable to improve its financial performance, or to secure additional funding when desired, it may need to delay the development of its products, reduce research and development activities, modify or abandon planned future expenditures, or reduce operating costs. Any of these actions could harm the Company’s business, requiring it to change its business strategy, scale back its operations, or limit its ability to achieve its strategic objectives.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP") applicable to interim periods and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Sight Sciences UK, Ltd and Sight Sciences GmbH. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company's financial information contained herein. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 is derived from the Company's consolidated audited financial statements as of that date. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures required by US GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which are contained in the Annual Report. The Company's results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any other interim period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expense during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for credit losses, inventory excess and obsolescence, the selection of useful lives of property and equipment, determination of the fair value of stock option grants, and provisions for income taxes and contingencies. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience, an assessment of current and anticipated future macroeconomic conditions, authoritative accounting guidance, and other factors management believes to be reasonable, and makes adjustments when facts and circumstances dictate. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements. To the extent there are differences between these estimates and actual results it could result in a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, there were no significant Accounting Standard Updates ("ASUs") issued that were adopted.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU includes amendments requiring enhanced income tax disclosures, primarily related to standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. The ASU requires additional disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements about certain expenses such as purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and other expenses which are presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this new standard will have on the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

As of March 31, 2025, there are no additional ASUs issued and not yet adopted that are expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3. Fair Value Measurements

The Company reports all financial assets and liabilities and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The authoritative guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2—Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety is based on the lowest-level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

The Company's cash and cash equivalents included Level 1 investments in U.S. treasury securities and money market funds. The Company had investments in money market funds of $29.4 million and $6.4 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition, the Company had investments in U.S. treasury securities of $72.7 and $106.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These U.S. treasury securities are classified as held-to-maturity and all have been purchased with original maturities of 90 days or less. Held-to-maturity debt securities are recorded at amortized cost in the financial statements.

The Company measures the fair value of outstanding debt for disclosure purposes on a recurring basis. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, total debt of $39.6 million and $39.4 million is reported at amortized cost, respectively. This outstanding debt is classified as Level 2 as it is not actively traded. The amortized cost of the outstanding debt approximates the fair value.

The Company measures the fair value of the unissued common stock warrants that may be issued pursuant to the Hercules Loan Agreement (as defined in Note 5, Debt) using the Black-Scholes option pricing method. These warrants are classified as Level 3 liabilities. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively the fair value of these warrants was less than $0.1 million. These warrants are remeasured at each reporting date following execution of the Hercules Loan Agreement. See Note 5, Debt, and Note 7, Stockholders' Equity, for additional information regarding the common stock warrants.

The financial statements as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 do not include any assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Note 4. Balance Sheet Components

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation expense was $0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

Other Noncurrent Liabilities

Other noncurrent liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

Note 5. Debt

Hercules Capital Loan Agreement

In January 2024, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the "Hercules Loan Agreement") with Hercules Capital, Inc ("Hercules") and certain of its affiliates (collectively with Hercules, the "Lenders"), which provides for a maximum $65.0 million credit facility. An initial tranche of $35.0 million (the “Initial Loan”) was funded under the Hercules Loan Agreement on January 22, 2024, which was used to discharge the Company's indebtedness under its prior secured credit facility (the "Prior Loan Agreement") with its prior lenders (the "Prior Lenders"). On December 10, 2024, the Company consummated the drawdown of the $5.0 million Tranche I(b) Term Loan Advance (the "Tranche I(b) Loan") under the Hercules Loan Agreement. Upon consummation of the Tranche I(b) Loan, the aggregate principal amount of borrowings under the Hercules Loan Agreement was $40.0 million.

In addition to the Initial Loan and the Tranche 1(b) Loan, the Hercules Loan Agreement provides additional tranches available to the Company (the “Tranche Loans,” and together with the Initial Loan and the Tranche I(b) Loan, the “Term Loans"). Tranche 2 consists of $10.0 million available to draw through September 15, 2025, contingent upon the achievement of certain performance milestones prior to June 30, 2025. The Company does not currently anticipate achieving these milestones prior to the performance deadline. Tranche 3 consists of $15.0 million available to draw through the interest only period in increments of $5.0 million, subject to the sole approval of Hercules' investment committee.

The Hercules Loan Agreement provides for a maturity date of July 1, 2028, with an interest only period running for the first 30 months of the agreement term, extendable for an additional six months for a total of 36 months upon the achievement of certain milestones. The Term Loans accrue interest at a floating annual rate equal to the greater of 10.35% or the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 2.35%, with the interest rate equal to 10.35% at March 31, 2025. The final payment fee is set at 5.95% of the funded balance, which is recognized as a debt discount and is being accreted into the amortization of debt issuance costs using the effective interest rate method over the term of the loan.

In conjunction with the funding of the Initial Loan, the Company issued warrants to the Lenders to purchase up to an aggregate of 135,686 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $5.159 per share, which were recorded and classified as equity. On December 10, 2024, upon the funding of the Tranche I(b) Loan, the Company issued additional warrants to the Lenders to purchase 26,095 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $3.83 per share. Each warrant is exercisable for a period of seven years from the date of issuance. If the additional Term Loans are funded, the Company will be obligated to issue to the Lenders additional warrants to purchase common stock in an amount equal to 2.0% of the funded balance of each tranche loan under the Hercules Loan Agreement, divided by the exercise price on the date the Company draws funds under such tranche loan. The exercise price will be calculated using the five-day volume-weighted average stock price as of such date. See Note 7, Stockholders' Equity, for additional information regarding these common stock warrants.

The obligations under the Hercules Loan Agreement are guaranteed by the Company and its future subsidiaries, subject to exceptions for certain foreign subsidiaries. The obligations under the agreement are secured by substantially all of the Company's assets, including its material intellectual property. Additionally, the Company is subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the ability of the Company to, among other things, incur indebtedness, grant liens, merge or consolidate, make investments, dispose of assets, make acquisitions, pay dividends or make distributions, repurchase stock and enter into certain transactions with affiliates, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Company is also subject to certain minimum cash and revenue covenants under the Hercules Loan Agreement. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2025.

While any Term Loans remain outstanding under the Hercules Loan Agreement, the Company is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to grant to the Lenders the option to invest up to $3.0 million in the Company’s next round of equity financing, if any, that is broadly marketed to multiple investors on the same terms, conditions and pricing offered to investors in such subsequent equity financing.

Maturities Schedule

Long-term and short-term debt as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, was as follows (in thousands):

The repayment schedule relating to the Term Loans as of March 31, 2025, is as follows (in thousands):

Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Obligations

The Company has various operating leases, which include facility leases and equipment leases. Operating leases are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as both a right-of-use asset ("ROU asset") and lease liability. which are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of these lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") based on the information available at the lease commencement date if the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The Company’s IBR represents the interest rate that the Company would expect to incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, in an economic environment where the leased asset is located. In determining the lease term, the Company includes all renewal options that are reasonably probable to be executed.

The Company leases its corporate headquarters in Menlo Park, California. The lease commenced in August 2021 and was originally for a term of 37 months from the commencement date. In December 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the lease, extending the lease term an additional 26 months. Upon signing the amendment, the Company recorded an aggregate lease ROU asset and lease liability of $1.2 million. The lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability were estimated using a weighted-average IBR of 11.40%. Total base rent for the amended 34 months under the amended lease agreement is approximately $1.5 million.

The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the noncancelable lease term. The Company’s rent expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the weighted average remaining lease term for the leases was 2.0 years.

Operating lease expense and supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Aggregate future minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2025, under these noncancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands):

Legal Proceedings

On September 16, 2021, the Company filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (C.A. No. 1:21-cv-01317) (the “Court”) alleging that Ivantis, Inc. (“Ivantis”) directly and indirectly infringes the Company’s U.S. Patent Nos. 8,287,482, 9,370,443, 9,486,361, and 10,314,742 by making, using, selling, and offering for sale the Hydrus® Microstent. The Company’s complaint seeks money damages and injunctive relief. On January 24, 2022, Ivantis asserted counterclaims requesting declaratory judgments that the Company's asserted patents-in-suit are not infringed and/or invalid. On August 1, 2022, the Company filed an amended complaint alleging that Alcon Inc., Alcon Vision, LLC and Alcon Research, LLC (collectively, “Alcon”) infringe the four originally asserted patents by making, using, selling, and offering for sale the Hydrus® Microstent, and that all defendants also infringe U.S. Patent No. 11,389,328. The defendants asserted counterclaims requesting declaratory judgments that the Company’s asserted patents-in-suit are not infringed and/or are invalid. In September 2022, Ivantis and Alcon filed petitions with the U.S. Patent Office seeking inter partes review of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,287,482, 9,370,443, 9,486,361, and 10,314,742 (IPR2022-01529, IPR2022-01530, IPR2022-01533, IPR2022-01540), each of which the U.S. Patent Office denied for raising prior art references and invalidity arguments that were cumulative of those previously considered by the U.S. Patent Office. On April 26, 2024, at the conclusion of a five-day jury trial, the Company was awarded a positive jury trial verdict of $34 million, comprised of $5.5 million in lost profits damages and $28.5 million in royalty damages for commercial sales of the Hydrus® Microstent for the period between its commercial launch through trial. The patents at issue were U.S. Patent Nos. 8,287,482, 9,370,443, and 11,389,328. In December 2024, the Court heard oral arguments on the parties’ post-trial briefings at the conclusion of which, the Court ordered the parties to engage in non-binding mediation. In March 2025, the Company and Alcon informed the Court that the dispute had not been resolved through mediation and asked the Court to rule on the parties’ post-trial motions and enter a judgement. The judgement has not yet been entered and will be subject to appeal. The Company is presently unable to predict the outcome of this lawsuit or to reasonably estimate the potential financial impact of the lawsuit on the Company, if any.

In addition to the foregoing, from time to time, the Company is subject to legal claims, regulatory matters and contingencies in the ordinary course of business. Accruals for these matters are reflected in the financial statements based on management’s assessment, including the advice of legal counsel, of the expected outcome of these matters. Liabilities for estimated losses are accrued if the potential losses from any legal proceedings, regulatory matters or contingencies are considered probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability of loss and the determination as to whether the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based only on information available at the time of the assessment due to the uncertain nature of such matters. As additional information becomes available, management reassesses potential liabilities related to legal claims, regulatory matters and contingencies, and may revise its previous estimates, which could materially affect the Company’s results of operations in a given period.

Except as described above, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company was not a party to any legal proceedings, regulatory matters, or other disputes or claims which, if determined adversely, would, individually or taken together, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity, or future prospects.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnifications. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.

The Company indemnifies each of its directors and officers for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the director is or was serving at the Company’s request in such capacity, as permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with its certificate of incorporation and bylaws. The term of the indemnification period lasts as long as a director or officer may be subject to any proceeding arising out of acts or omissions of such director or officer in such capacity. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited; however, the Company currently holds director and officer liability insurance. This insurance allows the transfer of risk associated with the Company’s exposure and may enable it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company believes that the fair value of these indemnification obligations is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized any liabilities relating to these obligations as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Note 7. Stockholders' Equity

Common Stock

The Company’s certificate of incorporation provides for 200,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 10,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available, when and if declared by the board of directors. As of March 31, 2025, no dividends have been declared. Each share of common stock is entitled toone vote.

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had reserved common stock for future issuances as follows:

Common Stock Warrants

On January 22, 2024, in conjunction with the funding of the Initial Loan under the Hercules Loan Agreement, the Company issued common stock warrants to the Lenders to purchase up to an aggregate of 135,686 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $5.159 per share. On December 10, 2024, upon the funding of the Tranche I(b) Loan, the Company issued additional warrants to the Lenders to purchase 26,095 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $3.83 per share. Each warrant is exercisable for up to seven years from the date of issuance. The warrants are classified as equity. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the fair value of the issued warrants recorded was $0.7 million, which was calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. These warrants were recorded at fair value upon their issuance in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets. These warrants are not remeasured after their respective issuance dates.

If the additional Term Loans are funded, the Company will be obligated to issue to the Lenders additional warrants to purchase common stock in an amount equal to 2.0% of the funded balance of each tranche loan, divided by the exercise price on the date the Company draws funds under such tranche loan, which is referred to as the issuance date. The exercise price will be calculated using the five-day volume-weighted average stock price as of the issuance date.

The unissued warrants do not meet the requirements for classification as equity, and are recorded as liabilities in other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. The fair value of the unissued warrants was initially recorded upon the funding of the Hercules Loan Agreement. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, the fair value of the unissued warrants recorded was less than $0.1 million calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The unissued warrants are remeasured at each reporting date after the funding of the Initial Loan.

Note 8. Equity Incentive Plans

2011 Stock Option Plan and 2021 Incentive Award Plan

In 2011, the Company approved the 2011 Stock Option Plan (the “2011 Plan”) that provided for the grant of stock options to employees and nonemployees of the Company.

In July 2021, the board of directors and stockholders adopted and approved the 2021 Incentive Award Plan, (the “2021 Plan”). Under the 2021 Plan, the Company has the ability to issue incentive stock options ("ISOs"), nonqualified stock options ("NSOs"), stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units ("RSUs").

Stock options under the 2021 Plan can typically be granted for periods of up to ten years. For stock options granted to a grantee who, at the time the option is granted, owned stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company (or any parent or subsidiary of the Company), the term of the stock option may be granted for periods of up to five years. The ISOs and NSOs will be granted at a price per share not less than the fair value at the date of grant. The exercise price of a stock option granted to a 10% stockholder shall be not less than 110% of the grant date fair value of the shares. Stock options granted to new hires generally vest over a four-year period, with 25% of the shares vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining shares vesting in 36 equal monthly installments thereafter. Stock options granted as merit awards generally vest in 48 equal monthly installments following the grant date.

RSUs are share awards that entitle the holder to receive shares of common stock upon vesting and settlement of the awards. RSUs granted generally vest over a four-year period with straight-line vesting in equal amounts, either in annual or quarterly installments.

The Company initially reserved 5,200,000 shares of common stock for future issuance under the 2021 Plan. This initial reserve is subject to annual increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on and including January 1, 2031. These annual increases are equal to thelesser of (i) 5% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of shares of common stock as determined by the Board, subject to certain limitations. Pursuant to the evergreen provision, the initial share reserve was increased by 2,546,899 and 2,456,568 shares on January 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 6,486,400 shares and 5,931,302 shares, respectively, of common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.

The 2011 Plan was superseded by the 2021 Plan at the time of the initial public offering of the Company's common stock, which closed on July 15, 2021, and no further grants have been made under the 2011 Plan from the date the 2021 Plan became effective.

Stock Option Awards

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the 2021 Plan during the periods presented:

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1.6 million and $1.9 million related to stock option awards, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair values of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was$2.71. The Company did not grant any stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was less than $0.1 million. The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated as the difference between the exercise prices of the underlying stock options and the estimated fair value of the common stock on the date of exercise. As of March 31, 2025, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to unvested stock options was $3.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period ofapproximately 1.1 years.

Determination of Fair Value

The Company estimated the grant date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of highly subjective and complex valuation assumptions to determine the fair value of stock-based awards, including the option’s expected term, the expected volatility of the underlying stock, the risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. For purposes of the Black-Scholes valuation model, the Company used the simplified method for determining the expected term of the granted stock options since the Company does not have adequate historical data to utilize in calculating the expected term. The grant date fair value of stock options granted was calculated using the following weighted average assumptions:

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes RSU activity under the 2021 Plan during the periods presented:

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $2.5 million and $2.3 million related to the RSUs, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating to RSUs was $22.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.8 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In July 2021, the board of directors and stockholders approved the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP permits participants to purchase shares of common stock at a discount through payroll deductions of up to a specified percentage of their eligible compensation. Shares of common stock are offered during two offering periods annually, each running for six months, with the first offering period typically beginning in the second quarter, and the second offering period typically beginning in the fourth quarter. The purchase of shares for participants in the ESPP occurs at the conclusion of each offering period.

The Company initially reserved 850,000 shares of common stock for future issuance under the ESPP. This initial reserve is subject to annual increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on and including January 1, 2031. These annual increases shall be equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of shares of common stock as determined by the Board, subject to certain limitations. Pursuant to the evergreen provision, the initial share reserve was increased by 509,379 and 491,313 shares on January 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 2,140,455 and 1,631,076 shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP, respectively.

During the three months ended, March 31, 2025, there were no purchases made under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has collected payroll withholdings of $0.4 million in the current offering period for the purchase of shares under the ESPP. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million related to the ESPP for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The grant date fair value of shares issuable under the ESPP was calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model using the following assumptions:

Stock-Based Compensation

The following is a summary of stock-based compensation expense by function (in thousands):

Note 9. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. As the Company reported a net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of potentially dilutive shares would have been antidilutive if included in the calculation.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented (in thousands, except share and per share data):

The following potentially dilutive issued and outstanding securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the period presented because including them would have been antidilutive as a result of the net loss position:

Note 10. Segment Information

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), manages the business through two operating segments, consistent with how the CODM: (i) assesses operating performance on a regular basis, (ii) makes resource allocation decisions, and (iii) designates responsibilities of his direct reports. The Company’s operating segments, which also qualify as reportable segments include: (i) Surgical Glaucoma and (ii) Dry Eye. These segments are generally determined based on the decision-making structure and the grouping of similar products and services.

The CODM uses segment gross profit to assess the operating performance and make resource allocation decisions for each of its segments. Segment gross profit represents revenue reduced by cost of goods sold within each of the operating and reportable segments. The CODM reviews a monthly executive reporting package based on consolidated results of the Company when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The CODM evaluates actual segment performance to budget and forecast, including monthly sales performance, when allocating capital and personnel.

The Company does not have any intercompany transactions between segments that require elimination. The CODM does not review operating expenses separately for its segments, as the Company does not allocate operating expenses, with many operating costs shared between the segments, and therefore, this is not considered when allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company evaluated the monthly executive reporting package and did not identify any significant or other expenses for disclosure that are not already presented.

In reviewing and assessing segment performance and managing operations, management does not review segment assets. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from sales in the United States.

The following table summarizes select operating results information for each reportable segment (in thousands):