Petco Health & Wellness Company, Inc.

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”) is a pet specialty retailer focused on improving the lives of pets, pet parents, and its own partners with pet care centers in 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The Company also offers an expanded range of consumables, supplies, and services through itswww.petco.com website and mobile app.

The Company was formed as a Delaware limited liability company under the name PET Acquisition LLC on November 19, 2015 as an acquisition entity controlled by Scooby LP, which was indirectly owned by funds affiliated with CVC Capital Partners, Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, a Canadian company (together with CVC Capital Partners, the “Sponsors”), and certain co-investors. On January 26, 2016, the Company completed a merger (the “Acquisition”) whereby Petco Holdings, Inc. converted from a Delaware corporation to a Delaware limited liability company and became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Under this ownership structure, the Company had four classes of membership units: (i) Common Series A Units; (ii) Common Series B Units; (iii) Common Series C Units; and (iv) Voting Common Units.

Common Stock

In January 2021, all of the Company’s Common Series A Units, Common Series B Units, and Common Series C Units were contributed from Scooby LP to a newly formed and wholly owned subsidiary, Scooby Aggregator, LP. The Company then converted to a Delaware corporation pursuant to a statutory conversion and changed its name to Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc.

In connection with the conversion and immediately prior to the Company’s initial public offering, all outstanding membership units were converted into shares of newly-issued Class A common stock, Class B-1 common stock, and Class B-2 common stock.

The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock are identical in all respects, except that Class B-1 common stock does not vote on the election or removal of the Company’s directors. The rights of the holders of Class B-2 common stock differ from the rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock in that holders of Class B-2 common stock only possess the right to vote on the election or removal of the Company’s directors.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Petco Health and Wellness Company, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and a variable interest entity for which it was the primary beneficiary prior to the transaction described below. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates are based on information that is currently available and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could vary from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Fiscal Year

The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to January 31, resulting in years of either 52 or 53 weeks. All references to a fiscal year refer to the fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to January 31 of the following year. For example, references to fiscal 2024 refer to the fiscal year that began on February 4, 2024 and ended on February 1, 2025. Fiscal 2024 included 52 weeks, fiscal 2023 included 53 weeks and fiscal 2022 included 52 weeks.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Petco derives substantially all of its revenue in North America and manages its business activities on a consolidated basis, resulting in a single operating and reportable segment. The Company operates as an omnichannel retailer designed to sell pet food, supplies and companion animals, and services to pet parents across pet care center and online channels.

The Company's CODM is itschief executive officer ("CEO"), who assesses performance and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net income (loss) that is reported on the consolidated statement of operations. The CODM uses consolidated net income (loss) in deciding how to reinvest profits into the Company, including to its people, technology, and infrastructure.

The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total assets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents represent all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and include money market mutual funds. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalent balances with financial institutions that exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to these balances. Included in the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are credit and debit card receivables from banks, which typically settle within five business days, of$39.6 million and$40.0 million at February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the total amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Restricted cash is held in a trust used for certain employee benefit costs.

Outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit (book overdrafts) totaled$23.2 million and$74.4 million at February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively, and are reflected in accounts payable and book overdrafts in the consolidated balance sheets.

Vendor Rebates and Allowances

Most of the Company’s receivables are due from vendors. Receivables are stated net of an allowance for estimated credit losses, which is determined by continually evaluating individual receivables, the vendor’s financial condition and current and expected economic conditions. The additions and deductions to the allowance for estimated credit losses were not material for all periods presented.

The Company receives vendor allowances, primarily in the form of cooperative advertising reimbursements, rebate incentives, prompt purchase discounts, and vendor compliance charges pursuant to agreements with certain vendors. Substantially all vendor allowances are initially deferred as a reduction of the cost of inventory purchased and recorded as a reduction to cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations as the inventory is sold. Vendor rebates and allowances that are identified as specific, incremental and identifiable costs incurred by the Company in selling the vendors’ products are classified as a reduction of selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations as the costs are incurred, as the related costs are also classified as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories represent finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the average-cost method and includes inbound freight charges. Physical inventories are performed on a regular basis at pet care center locations and cycle counts are performed for inventory at distribution centers. During the period between counts at pet care center locations, the Company accrues for estimated losses related to inventory shrinkage based on historical inventory shrinkage results and current trends in the business. Inventory shrinkage may occur due to theft, loss, or the deterioration of goods, among other reasons. The Company assesses its inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory and writes down the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon historical mark-downs, supply on-hand and assumptions about future sales.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost or fair value as of the date of the Acquisition less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Pet care center facilities and equipment under finance leases are recorded at the present value of lease payments at the inception of the lease. Maintenance and minor repairs are expensed as incurred.

Buildings, equipment, furniture and fixtures are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Leasehold and building improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Land is not depreciated. Amortization of fixed assets financed through finance leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense.

The Company’s fixed assets are generally depreciated or amortized using the following estimated useful lives:

Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage, which include costs to design the software configuration and interfaces, coding, installation and testing, are capitalized and reported at cost, less accumulated amortization. Costs of significant upgrades and enhancements that result in additional functionality are also capitalized, whereas costs incurred for maintenance and minor upgrades and enhancements are expensed as incurred. Software and capitalized development costs are included in the Company’s equipment fixed asset category and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset.

The Company assesses its fixed assets, including internal-use software, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The review of recoverability is based on estimates of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by an asset (or group of assets) at a pet care center level. If impairment exists due to the inability to recover the asset’s carrying value, impairment losses are measured as the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value using the income approach and are recorded as a reduction of the related asset and charged to the consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquired businesses over the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company performs its annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently when warranted by events or changes in circumstances. The Company has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment of its goodwill to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If the Company concludes it is more likely than not that its goodwill is impaired, management evaluates the recoverability of goodwill by comparing the carrying value of the Company’s reporting unit to the fair value. An impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, with the loss recognized not exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company hasone reporting unit. In cases where the quantitative test is performed, the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is estimated by management with the assistance of a third party valuation firm. Significant assumptions used in the determination of fair value of the reporting unit generally include prospective financial information, discount rates, terminal growth rates and earnings multiples.

Trade Name

The Company’s trade name has an indefinite life. The Company performs its annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently when warranted by events or changes in circumstances. The Company also has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment of its trade name to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. In cases where the quantitative test is performed, the fair value of the Company’s trade name is estimated by management with the assistance of a third party valuation firm. Significant assumptions used in the determination of fair value of the trade name generally include prospective financial information, growth rates, discount rates and comparable multiples from publicly traded companies in similar industries. An impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount of the trade name exceeds its fair value.

Joint Ventures, Equity Method Investments, and Variable Interest Entities

Investments for which the Company exercises significant influence but does not have control are accounted for under the equity method. Equity method investment activity is primarily related to a 50% joint venture with Grupo Gigante, S.A.B. de C.V. (the “Mexico joint venture”) to establish Petco locations in Mexico. The Company’s share of the investee’s results is presented as either income or loss from equity method investees in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The equity method of accounting is applicable for the Mexico joint venture as the Company does not own more than 50% of voting power, but has significant influence over the operation and financial policies of the investee. The joint venture is not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Mexico joint venture purchases certain inventory items and pet care center assets from the Company. The Company also receives royalties from the Mexico joint venture for the use of its trademarks. Revenues generated from these transactions were not material in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022. The cumulative unrealized foreign currency adjustment on the translation of the Company’s investment in the joint venture is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), net of tax in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company consolidates variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where it has been determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of those entities’ operations. The Company previously held a 50% investment in a joint venture with a domestic partner to build and operate veterinary clinics in Petco locations. The joint venture was a VIE for which the Company was the primary beneficiary. Under the amended agreement, the domestic partner provided certain management and support services to the joint venture. These services included administrative, financial reporting, compliance, and technology support services in connection with the operation and growth of the joint venture. As compensation for these services, the joint venture paid the domestic partner a quarterly joint venture management fee equal to a portion of clinic revenues, subject to a minimum fixed fee. The Company incurred and recorded $0.7 million of joint venture management fees under this agreement in fiscal 2022, which was included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. In May 2022, the Company completed the purchase of the remaining 50% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of the joint venture, which is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, for cash consideration of $35.0 million. Direct transaction costs related to this purchase were not material.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would conduct a transaction, in addition to the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the related assets or liabilities, including non-performance risk.

A three-level hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate fair value based on the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Refer to Notes 7, 8 and 9 for fair value disclosures for the senior secured term credit facilities, derivatives, and other types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value, respectively.

Self-Insurance Reserves

The Company is self-insured for workers’ compensation, general, auto liability and employee-related health care benefits, a portion of which is paid by the Company’s employees. Additionally, the Company has insurance coverage to limit its exposure above a per occurrence retention limit. These insurance policies have stated maximum coverage limits after which the Company bears the risk of loss. The Company determines the related liabilities using a number of factors including historical experience and trends related to claims and payments, information provided by the Company’s insurance brokers and actuaries, an estimate of incurred but not reported claims and industry experience and trends. Estimates of future claim costs for workers’ compensation, general, auto liability and employee-related health care benefits are recorded on an undiscounted basis. All estimates of ultimate loss and loss adjustment expense and resulting reserves are subject to inherent variability caused by the nature of the insurance process. The potentially long period of time between the reporting of an occurrence of an incident and the final resolution of a claim and the possible effects of changes in the legal, social and economic environments contribute to this variability. The Company reports self-insurance liabilities gross of insurance recoveries. As of February 1, 2025, insurance recoveries of$6.1 million and$13.2 million were recorded in other current assets and other long-term assets, respectively. As of February 3, 2024, insurance recoveries of$6.5 million and$14.9 million were recorded in other current assets and other long-term assets, respectively.

Self-insurance reserves are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

The current portion and non-current portion of self-insurance reserves for workers’ compensation and employee-related health care benefits are included in accrued salaries and employee benefits and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. The current portion and non-current portion of self-insurance reserves for general and auto liability costs are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when control of promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

See Note 2 for further discussion on revenue recognition.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales includes the following types of expenses:

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Direct costs (net of vendor rebates, allowances and discounts for products sold) including inbound freight charges;

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Shipping and handling costs associated with sales to customers;

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Freight costs associated with moving merchandise inventories;

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Inventory shrinkage costs and write-downs;

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Payroll and benefit costs of pet groomers, trainers, veterinarians and other direct costs of services; and

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Costs associated with operating the Company’s distribution centers including payroll and benefits, occupancy costs, and depreciation

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include the following types of expenses:

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Payroll and benefit costs of pet care center and corporate employees;

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Occupancy and operating costs of pet care center and corporate facilities;

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Depreciation and amortization related to pet care center and corporate assets;

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Credit card fees;

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Store pre-opening and remodeling costs;

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Advertising costs; and

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Other selling and administrative costs

Advertising Expenses

The Company records advertising expense as incurred and classifies advertising costs within selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s advertising expenses, net of cooperative advertising reimbursements, were$156.1 million,$194.4 million, and$203.7 million for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Vendor cooperative advertising reimbursements were not material in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Leases

The majority of the Company’s lease liabilities are real estate operating leases from which pet care center, corporate support, and distribution operations are conducted. The Company also leases equipment, vehicles, and certain pet care center locations under finance leases. Lease terms generally do not include options to terminate the lease and only include options to extend the lease, if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. For any lease with an initial term in excess of 12 months, the related lease assets and liabilities are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet as an operating or finance lease at the commencement of the lease agreement. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognizes lease expense for these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. These assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The Company uses a collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future payments. Operating leases typically require payment of certain non-lease costs, such as real estate taxes, common area maintenance and insurance. These components comprise the majority of the Company’s variable lease costs and are excluded from the present value of lease liabilities unless an event occurs that results in the payments becoming fixed for the remaining term. The remaining lease and non-lease components are accounted for together as a single lease component for all underlying classes of assets. Operating lease assets are adjusted for lease incentives, initial direct costs, impairments, and exit or disposal costs.

Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the end of the lease term. Operating lease costs relating to distribution centers are included in cost of sales, and operating lease costs relating to pet care center and corporate support locations are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Amortization on finance lease right-of-use assets relating to distribution centers are included in cost of sales, and amortization on finance lease right-of-use assets relating to pet care center and corporate support locations are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Interest on finance lease right-of-use assets is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company’s sublease portfolio consists mainly of operating leases with a domestic partner to operate dog boarding and daycare facilities, which are not material.

The Company records contractual obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets at their fair value at the time the obligations are incurred. These obligations arise from certain leases and primarily relate to the cost of removing leasehold improvements and certain fixtures from such lease sites and restoring the sites to their original condition. Upon initial recognition of the liability, that cost is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Activity related to these obligations in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 was not material. The Company’s asset retirement obligation was$6.4 million and$5.9 million at February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively, and is included in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances, if any, are recorded against net deferred tax assets when it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset may not be recoverable. Refer to Note 12 for further disclosures of the Company’s income taxes.

Management regularly evaluates the likelihood of recognizing the benefit for income tax positions it has taken in various federal and state filings by considering relevant facts, circumstances and information available. The authoritative guidance clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum probability threshold that a tax position must meet before a financial statement benefit is recognized. The minimum threshold for recognizing the benefit of a tax position is that such position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, and is based on the technical merits of the position.

Equity-Based Compensation

Equity-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award, which is also the requisite service period, based upon the corresponding vesting method and probability of vesting (Note 11). The Company recognizes the effect of pre-vesting forfeitures as they occur.

Derivative Instruments

In November 2022, the Company entered into a series of interest rate cap agreements to limit the maximum interest on a portion of the Company’s variable-rate debt and decrease its exposure to interest rate variability relating to the three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate as published by CME Group ("Term SOFR"). The interest rate caps became effective December 30, 2022 and expired on December 31, 2024. The interest rate caps were accounted for as cash flow hedges, and changes in the fair value of the interest rate caps are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI").

In March 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate collar agreement to limit the maximum interest on a portion of the Company’s variable-rate debt and decrease its exposure to interest rate variability relating to three-month Term SOFR. The interest rate collar became effective March 31, 2023 and expires on March 31, 2026.

In June 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate collar agreement to limit the maximum interest on a portion of the Company’s variable-rate debt and decrease its exposure to interest rate variability relating to three-month Term SOFR. The interest rate collar became effective September 30, 2023 and expires on December 31, 2026.

In December 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate collar agreement to limit the maximum interest on a portion of the Company’s variable-rate debt and decrease its exposure to interest rate variability relating to three-month Term SOFR. The interest rate collar became effective December 31, 2024 and expires on December 31, 2026.

In March 2024, the Company entered into two interest rate collar agreements to limit the maximum interest on a portion of the Company’s variable-rate debt and decrease its exposure to interest rate variability relating to three-month Term SOFR. The interest rate collars became effective on December 31, 2024 and expire on December 31, 2026.

The interest rate collars are accounted for as cash flow hedges, and changes in the fair value of the interest rate collars are reported as a component of AOCI.

In August 2024, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to fix the interest rate on a portion of the Company’s variable-rate debt and decrease its exposure to interest rate variability relating to three-month Term SOFR. The interest rate swap became effective September 30, 2024 and expires on December 31, 2026. The interest rate swap is accounted for as a cash flow hedge, and changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap are reported as a component of AOCI.

Refer to Note 8 for further disclosures of the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07 – Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides guidance on improvements to reportable segment disclosures, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. Public entities with a single reportable segment must provide all the disclosures required by ASU 2023-07, as well as all existing segment disclosures in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 280. The Company adopted this ASU on February 4, 2024. The adoption didnot have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, outside of the enhanced disclosures under the “Segment Reporting” header above and Note 15, “Segment Reporting”.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09 – Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which is intended to enhance the transparency of income tax matters within financial statements. The ASU requires public business entities to disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a specific quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 – Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40): Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which is intended to improve disclosures on the nature of expenses included in the income statement. The ASU requires additional disclosures about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion. ASU 2024-03 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of products and services. Revenue is recognized when the control of promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Control refers to the ability of the customer to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of, the remaining benefits from the goods or services.

Net sales by product type and services were as follows (in thousands):

For all contracts with customers, the Company evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e., to report revenue on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., to report revenue on a net basis). Generally, the Company is the principal in its contracts with customers as it controls the related goods or services before they are transferred to the customer.

Revenue from product sales and services is reported net of sales refunds, which includes an estimate of future returns based on historical refund rates, with a corresponding reduction to cost of sales. The Company records a refund liability for sales returns, which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, and a corresponding asset for anticipated cost recoveries, which is included in other current assets. The Company’s refund liability and expected cost recoveries were not material as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024. There is inherent judgment in estimating future refunds as they are susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s influence. The Company has significant experience in estimating the amount of refunds based primarily on historical data.

Revenue is recognized net of applicable sales tax in the consolidated statements of operations. Sales tax liability is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s contract liabilities primarily relate to product merchandise not yet delivered to customers, unredeemed gift cards, services not yet completed, and options that provide a material right to customers, such as its customer loyalty program. Substantially all of the Company’s remaining performance obligations have an original expected duration of one year or less. The Company didnot have any material contract assets as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024.

Product Revenue

Product revenue is recognized when control passes, which generally occurs at a point in time when the customer completes a transaction in a pet care center and receives the merchandise. The Company’s payment terms are typically at the point of sale.

For transactions initiated online, customers choose whether to have it delivered to them (using third-party parcel delivery companies) or to collect their merchandise from one of the Company’s pet care centers (“buy online, pick up in store,” or “BOPUS”). For items delivered directly to the customer, control passes and revenue is recognized when delivery has been completed to the customer, as title has passed and possession has transferred to the customer. For BOPUS sales, control passes and revenue is recognized once the customer has taken possession of the merchandise. Any fees charged to customers for delivery (such as shipping and handling) are a component of the transaction price and are recognized when delivery has been completed. The Company uses delivery information to determine when to recognize revenue for products and any related delivery fee revenue.

Service Revenue

The Company recognizes service revenue from pet grooming, veterinary care, and certain other in-store services once the service is completed, as this is when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain the benefits of the service. Payment terms are typically at the point of sale, but may also occur upon completion of the service. The Company’s service contracts are primarily with retail and veterinary customers.

The Company recognizes service revenue from dog training packages ratably over the life of the contract, as this pattern best depicts when customers use the services provided and, accordingly, when delivery of the performance obligation occurs.

Gift Cards

The Company sells its own gift cards to customers in its pet care centers, online, and through select third parties. The Company recognizes revenue from gift cards when gift cards are redeemed by the customer. The Company also recognizes revenue for the portion of gift card values that is not expected to be redeemed (“breakage”). Breakage is estimated based upon historical redemption patterns and other factors, such as laws and regulations applicable to each jurisdiction. There is judgment in assessing redemption patterns and the ultimate value of gift cards that is not expected to be redeemed.

Sales Incentives and Customer Loyalty Program

The Company has a customer loyalty program that allows members to earn points for each qualifying purchase. Points earned enable members to receive a certificate that may be redeemed on future purchases generally within 45 days of the issuance date. The loyalty program points represent customer options that provide a material right and, accordingly, are performance obligations for each applicable contract. The relative standalone selling price of points earned by loyalty program members is deferred and included as part of accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets based on the amount of points that are projected to be redeemed, subject to breakage. The Company’s contract liabilities for its customer loyalty program werenot material as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024. Revenue is recognized for these performance obligations as actual redemptions occur and the Company updates its estimate of the amount of points that are projected to be redeemed. There is judgment in assessing redemption patterns and the ultimate value of points that is not expected to be redeemed.

The Company issues coupons that are not earned in conjunction with a purchase of a product or service, typically as part of targeted marketing activities. Additionally, the Company issues coupons in conjunction with the purchase of products or services. However, these coupons typically do not materially exceed the range of discounts given to similar customers and do not confer a material right. In both of these cases, these are not performance obligations and are instead recognized as a reduction of the transaction price when redeemed by the customer.

The Company sells annual membership plans that include access to benefits such as vet exams, percentage discounts on certain products and services and additional loyalty program points. The Company allocates the transaction price to all performance obligations identified in the contract based on their relative fair values. Performance obligations provided over the term of the contract are recognized as revenue on a usage basis. This involves the estimation of expected usage patterns, primarily derived from historical information.

3. Other Acquisitions

During fiscal 2023 and 2022, the Company completed acquisitions of small, regional veterinary businesses for total consideration of approximately $10.0 million and $9.9 million, respectively. Noncash consideration was not material. Net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed were not material. The acquisitions resulted in the recognition of $10.0 million and $9.9 million of goodwill, respectively. The tax-deductible portion of goodwill in these acquisitions was $10.0 million and $9.9 million, respectively. There wereno acquisitions of veterinary businesses during fiscal 2024.

Pro forma results of operations for the acquisitions have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations.

4. Composition of Balance Sheet Accounts

Fixed Assets, Net

Fixed assets, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):

The Company’s depreciation and amortization expense for fixed assets, net was $199.2 million, $201.0 million, and $193.9 million for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Accrued Salaries and Employee Benefits

Accrued salaries and employee benefits consisted of the following (in thousands):

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

Other Long-Term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

5. Leases

Lease assets and liabilities are reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

(1)

Finance lease right-of-use assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $26.1 million and$25.9 million as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively.

The components of total lease cost are as follows (in thousands):

Other information for the Company’s leases is as follows (in thousands):

At February 1, 2025, the maturities of the Company’s operating and finance lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

6. Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill were as follows (in thousands):

The Company hasone reporting unit. The Company performs its annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently when warranted by events or changes in circumstances.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company concluded that indicators of impairment existed due to declines in the Company's share price, as well as macroeconomic conditions, and performed an interim quantitative impairment test. The fair value of the Company’s reporting unit was estimated by management with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist. Fair value estimates used in the quantitative impairment test were calculated using a combination of discounted cash flow analysis and a public company analysis. The discounted cash flow analysis measures the value of an asset by the present value of its future estimated cash flows. The Company makes estimates and assumptions about sales, gross margins, selling, general and administrative percentages and profit margins, based on budgets and forecasts, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, and marketplace data. The public company analysis analyzes transactional and financial data of publicly traded companies to develop valuation multiples. These multiples are then applied to the Company to develop an indication of fair value.

Significant assumptions used in the determination of fair value of the reporting unit generally include prospective financial information, discount rates, terminal growth rates and earnings multiples. The discounted cash flow model used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit during the third quarter of fiscal 2023 reflected the Company's most recent cash flow projections, a discount rate of 16.4% and a terminal growth rate of 3%.

As a result of the impairment test, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the Company’s reporting unit exceeded its fair value and recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $1,222.5 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2023. This charge was recorded in goodwill impairment in the consolidated statements of operations. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company concluded that the fair value of its reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount, and therefore no additional goodwill impairment charge was recorded.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, due to declines in the Company's share price, the Company performed an interim impairment test. As the estimated fair value of the Company's reporting unit was in excess of its carrying value, the Company concluded that goodwill was not impaired during the first quarter of fiscal 2024. The fair value of the Company's reporting unit was based upon an equal weighting of the income and market approaches, utilizing estimated cash flows and a terminal value, discounted at a rate of return that reflects the relative risk of the cash flows, as well as valuation multiples derived from comparable publicly traded companies that are applied to operating performance of the reporting unit. The discounted cash flow model used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 reflected the Company's most recent cash flow projections, a discount rate of 13.2%, and a terminal growth rate of 3%.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company concluded that the fair value of its reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount, and therefore no goodwill impairment charge was recorded. The reporting unit fair value measurement is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because it involves significant unobservable inputs.

7. Senior Secured Credit Facilities

On March 4, 2021, the Company entered into a $1,700.0 million secured term loan facility maturing on March 4, 2028 (the “First Lien Term Loan”) and a secured asset-based revolving credit facility with availability of up to $500.0 million, subject to a borrowing base, originally maturing on March 4, 2026 (as amended from time to time, the “ABL Revolving Credit Facility”). In March 2024, the Company amended the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, which now consists of two tranches, to increase its total availability from $500.0 million to $581.0 million and extend the maturity on a portion of this availability. The first tranche has availability of up to $35.0 million, subject to a borrowing base, maturing on March 4, 2026. The second tranche has availability of up to $546.0 million, subject to a borrowing base, maturing on March 29, 2029. Interest on the ABL Revolving Credit Facility is now based on, at the Company's option, either the base rate subject to a 1% floor, or Term SOFR subject to a floor of 0%, plus an applicable margin. All other key terms of the ABL Revolving Credit Facility remained unchanged.

The Company’s obligations under the First Lien Term Loan and ABL Revolving Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the personal property assets of the Company with differing priority rights to the various personal property assets ascribed to each facility. The credit facility agreements, while not identical, contain certain affirmative and negative covenants related to indebtedness, liens, fundamental changes in the business, investments, restricted payments and agreements and a fixed charge coverage ratio, among other things. As of February 1, 2025, the Company was in compliance with its covenants on the agreements.

The credit agreements governing the First Lien Term Loan and ABL Revolving Credit Facility contain customary default provisions including, among others, the failure to make payments when due, defaults under other material indebtedness, non-compliance with covenants, change of control and bankruptcy, the occurrence of any of which would limit the Company’s ability to draw on the ABL Revolving Credit Facility and could result in the applicable lenders under the First Lien Term Loan and ABL Revolving Credit Facility accelerating the maturity of such indebtedness and foreclosing upon the collateral pledged thereunder.

Term Loan Facilities

On December 12, 2022, the Company amended the First Lien Term Loan to replace the LIBOR-based rate with a SOFR-based rate as the interest rate benchmark. Interest on the First Lien Term Loan is based on, at the Company’s option, either a base rate or Term SOFR plus the credit spread adjustment recommended by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("Adjusted Term SOFR"), subject to a 0.75% floor, payable upon maturity of the SOFR contract, in either case plus the applicable rate. The base rate is the greater of the bank prime rate, federal funds effective rate plus 0.5% or Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.0%. The applicable rate is 2.25% per annum for a base rate loan or 3.25% per annum for an Adjusted Term SOFR loan. Principal and interest payments commenced on June 30, 2021. Principal payments are normally $4.25 million quarterly.

The Company voluntarily repaid $35.0 million, $25.0 million and $15.0 million of the principal of the First Lien Term Loan using existing cash on hand in March 2023, May 2023, and August 2023, respectively. The repayments were applied to the remaining principal payments in order of scheduled payment date and, as a result, the entire remaining balance was included in senior secured credit facilities, net, excluding current portion in the consolidated balance sheets as of February 3, 2024 and February 1, 2025. The Company accounted for the repayments as partial extinguishments and recognized losses on debt extinguishment of $0.9 million during fiscal 2023. The next scheduled principal payment is expected to occur in fiscal 2027.

As of February 1, 2025, the outstanding principal balance of the First Lien Term Loan was $1,595.3 million ($1,582.5 million, net of the unamortized discount and debt issuance costs). As of February 3, 2024, the outstanding principal balance of the First Lien Term Loan was $1,595.3 million ($1,578.6 million, net of the unamortized discount and debt issuance costs). The weighted average interest rate on the borrowings outstanding was 7.9% and 9.0% as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively. Debt issuance costs are being amortized over the contractual term to interest expense using the effective interest rate in effect at issuance. As of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, the estimated fair value of the First Lien Term Loan was approximately $1,529.5 million and $1,497.6 million, respectively, based upon Level 2 fair value hierarchy inputs (Note 1).

Revolving Credit Facilities

In March 2024, the Company amended the ABL Revolving Credit Facility to increase its total availability and extend the maturity on a portion of the availability. Fees of $3.0 million relating to the Company’s entry into the amendment were capitalized as debt issuance costs. These fees consisted of arranger fees and other third-party expenses. The unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs of the ABL Revolving Credit Facility previously capitalized is being amortized over the amended contractual term.

As of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, no amounts were outstanding under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility. At February 1, 2025, $515.6 million was available under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility, which is net of $58.4 million of outstanding letters of credit issued in the normal course of business and a$7.0 million borrowing base reduction for a shortfall in qualifying assets. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $4.4 million and $2.4 million relating to the ABL Revolving Credit Facility were outstanding and were being amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining term of the agreement as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively.

The ABL Revolving Credit Facility has availability up to $581.0 million, and a $150.0 million letter of credit sub-facility. The availability is limited to a borrowing base, which allows borrowings of up to 90% of eligible accounts receivable plus 90% of the net orderly liquidation value of eligible inventory plus up to $50.0 million of qualified cash of the Company to which the Company and guarantors have no access, less reserves as determined by the administrative agent. Letters of credit reduce the amount available to borrow under the ABL Revolving Credit Facility by their face value.

Prior to the March 2024 amendment, interest on the ABL Revolving Credit Facility was based on, at the Company’s option, either the base rate or Adjusted Term SOFR subject to a floor of 0%, in either case, plus an applicable margin. Following the March 2024 amendment, interest on the ABL Revolving Credit Facility is now based on, at the Company's option, either the base rate subject to a 1% floor, or Term SOFR subject to a floor of 0%, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is currently equal to 25 basis points in the case of base rate loans and 125 basis points in the case of Term SOFR loans.

The applicable margin is adjusted quarterly based on the average historical excess availability as a percentage of the Line Cap, which represents the lesser of the aggregate ABL Revolving Credit Facility and the borrowing base, as follows:

The ABL Revolving Credit Facility is subject to an unused commitment fee. If the actual daily utilized portion exceeds 50%, the unused commitment fee is 0.25%. Otherwise, the unused commitment fee is 0.375% and is not dependent upon excess availability.

8. Derivative Instruments

The Company's interest rate swap, caps and collars are accounted for as cash flow hedges because they are expected to be highly effective in hedging variable rate interest payments. Changes in the fair value of the cash flow hedges are reported as a component of AOCI. As of February 1, 2025, AOCI included unrealized gains of $0.4 million ($0.3 million, net of tax). As of February 3, 2024, AOCI included unrealized losses of $2.2 million ($1.7 million, net of tax). Approximately $3.1 million and $0.5 million of pre-tax gains, and $0.2 million of pre-tax losses deferred in AOCI were reclassified to interest expense during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023, and fiscal 2022, respectively. The Company currently estimates that $0.7 millionof losses related to trade date costs on its cash flow hedges that are currently deferred in AOCI will be reclassified to interest expense in the consolidated statement of operations within the next twelve months. This estimate could vary based on actual amounts as a result of changes in market conditions. The estimated fair value of the cash flow hedges are based upon Level 2 fair value hierarchy inputs (Note 1).

The cash flow hedges are reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by its counterparties, credit risk is considered limited due to the credit ratings of the counterparties and the use of a master netting agreement, which permits the netting of derivative payables and receivables. The Company has not historically incurred and does not expect to incur in the future any losses as a result of counterparty default. The notional amount of the Company’s outstanding derivatives is not an indicator of the magnitude of potential exposure.

The cash flow hedge agreements contain provisions that would be triggered in the event the Company defaults on its debt agreements (Note 7), which in turn could impact the assessment of hedge effectiveness or cause termination of the underlying cash flow hedge agreements. As of February 1, 2025, no events of default have occurred. There is no collateral posting requirement outside the provisions in the debt agreements.

9. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

The fair value of money market mutual funds is based on quoted market prices, such as quoted net asset values published by the fund as supported in an active market. Money market mutual funds included in the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were $111.5 million and $69.6 million as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively. Also included in the Company’s money market mutual funds balances were $15.6 million and

$10.6 million as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively, which relate to the Company’s restricted cash, and are included in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company maintains a deferred compensation plan for key executives and other members of management, which is funded by investments in officers’ life insurance. The fair value of this obligation is based on participants’ elected investments, which reflect the closing market prices of similar assets.

The Company previously held shares of Rover Group, Inc. (“Rover”) Class A common stock. The Company remeasured the fair value of its investment on a quarterly basis, and the resulting gains or losses were included in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of operations. In April 2023, the Company sold its interest in Rover Class A common stock to a buyer at a price determined based on the daily volume weighted average price, in addition to a premium, over an agreed upon period. The Company's interest in the unsettled cash proceeds were remeasured at fair value at each reporting period, and the resulting gains or losses were included in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of operations.

In February 2022, the Company amended a collaboration agreement with a vendor, and as part of the amendment the Company was granted a right to receive equity and warrants for common shares of the vendor that is subject to certain performance conditions and other contingencies. The warrants were exercised in July 2024, following the satisfaction of the related performance conditions and contingencies. Cash consideration for the exercise of the warrants was de minimis. The Company's interest is accounted for as an investment in an equity security without a readily determinable fair value. When an upward or downward adjustment occurs, the resulting gains or losses are included in other non-operating income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Assets Measured on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company’s non-financial assets, which primarily consist of goodwill, other intangible assets, fixed assets and equity and other investments, are reported at carrying value, or at fair value as of the date of the Company’s acquisition of Petco Holdings, Inc. LLC on January 26, 2016, and are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, on a periodic basis (at least annually for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable), non-financial assets are assessed for impairment. If impaired, the carrying values of the assets are written down to fair value using Level 3 inputs.

The Company’s trade name has an indefinite life. The Company performs its annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently when warranted by events or changes in circumstances. During the third quarter of fiscal 2023 and the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company performed interim impairment tests of its goodwill and indefinite-lived trade name due to declines in the Company's share price. Refer to Note 6 for further discussion of the results of interim impairment testing performed on the Company’s goodwill.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company concluded that the fair value of its trade name exceeded its carrying value, and thereforeno trade name impairment charge was recorded. The fair value of the Company’s trade name was estimated by management with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist using the relief from royalty valuation method, which estimates the hypothetical royalties that would have to be paid if the trade name was not owned. The fair value of the Company's trade name reflected the Company's most recent revenue projections at the time of the analysis, a discount rate of 17.4% and a terminal growth rate of 3%.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company concluded that the fair value of its trade name exceeded its carrying value, and thereforeno trade name impairment charge was recorded. The fair value of the Company’s trade name was estimated by management using the relief from royalty valuation method. The fair value of the Company's trade name reflected the Company's most recent revenue projections at the time of the analysis, a discount rate of 14.2% and a terminal growth rate of 3%.

In fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company concluded that the fair value of its trade name was greater than its carrying amount, and therefore no tradename impairment charge was recorded. There were no indications of impairment of the Company’s other intangible assets or equity and other investments in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022.

The Company recorded fixed asset and right-of-use asset impairment charges of $8.4 million, $2.7 million $2.2 million in fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Impairment charges are primarily related to pet care center locations and are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

10. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has employee savings plans that permits eligible participants to make contributions by salary reduction pursuant to either section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code or under the Company’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan.

Prior to January 1, 2025, the Company generally matched 100% of the first 1% plus 50% of the next 5% of compensation contributed by each participating employee to the 401(k) plan. For eligible participants that held positions as director and above, the Company matched, at its discretion,100% of the first 1% plus 50% of the next 2% of compensation that was contributed by each participating employee to the plan. The Company match was subject to a 3-year vesting schedule. Employees were required to completesix months of service with the Company to participate in the plan.

Effective January 1, 2025, the Company converted its 401(k) plan to a safe harbor plan. The Company generally matches 100% of the first 3% plus 50% of the next 2% of compensation that is contributed by each participating employee to the plan. Plan contributions are 100% vested at all times in both employee contributions and the safe harbor matching contributions made by the Company. Employees are required to complete 30 days of service with the Company to participate in the plan.

Under the Company’s non-qualified deferred compensation plan, the Company matches 50% of the first 6% of compensation contributed by each participating employee to the plan from the date of eligibility until the point of time that the participating employee is eligible to participate in the Company’s 401(k) plan. Once a participating employee is eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan, the Company match is 50% of the first 3% of compensation contributed by the employee to the plan.

In connection with the required matches, Company contributions to the plans were $11.9 million, $12.1 million, and $10.7 million for fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

11. Stockholders’ Equity

Equity-based compensation awards under the Company’s current equity incentive plan (as amended, the “2021 Equity Incentive Plan”) include restricted stock units (“RSUs,” which include performance-based stock units), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), non-qualified stock options, and other equity compensation awards. In addition, the Company has made equity-based compensation awards of RSUs and non-qualified stock options outside of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan as employment inducement awards (collectively, the “Inducement Awards”). The Company also has an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”).

The Company issues new shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of stock options and the vesting of restricted stock units. As of February 1, 2025, there were 37.0 million shares of Class A common stock available for issuance pursuant to future equity-based compensation awards under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and 24.0 million shares of Class A common stock available for issuance pursuant to future equity-based employment inducement awards.

The Company’s controlling parent, Scooby LP, also maintains an incentive plan (the “2016 Incentive Plan”) under which it has awarded partnership unit awards to certain current and former employees, consultants, and non-employee directors of the Company that are restricted profit interests in Scooby LP subject to a distribution threshold (“Series C Units”).

The following table summarizes the Company’s equity-based compensation expense by award type (in thousands):

RSUs and RSAs

The Company has time-vested RSUs, performance-based RSUs, and market-based RSUs. Time-vested RSUs are awarded to eligible employees and non-employee directors and entitle the grantee to receive shares of Class A common stock at the end of a vesting period, subject solely to the individual’s continued employment or service as a director. In most cases,34% of the units becomes vested on the anniversary of the grant date, followed by 16.5% of the units in four equal semi-annual installments thereafter. Performance-based RSUs are awarded to eligible employees and entitle the grantee to receive shares of Class A common stock if the Company achieves specified performance goals during the performance period and the grantee remains employed through the vesting period. Market-based RSUs are awarded to eligible employees and entitle the grantee to receive shares of Class A common stock if the total shareholder return goals are achieved and the grantee remains employed through the vesting period.

RSU activity under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan was as follows (in thousands, except per share and contractual life amounts):

As of February 1, 2025, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $34.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.0 years.

RSA activity has not been material and relates to an RSA of Class A common stock granted to an executive in March 2021. For this grant,50% of the RSA vested on each of the firsttwo anniversaries of the grant date.

Options

The Company provides stock option grants, which are time-vested, as a form of employee compensation. In most cases,34% of the options generally becomes vested on the anniversary of the grant date, followed by 16.5% of the options in four equal semi-annual installments thereafter. Stock options generally expire 10 years from the grant date.

Stock option activity under the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan was as follows (in thousands, except per share and contractual life amounts):

No stock option awards were granted in fiscal 2023. The fair value of stock option awards granted in fiscal 2024 and 2022 was estimated at the grant dates using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

(1)

Starting in fiscal 2024, the expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of the Company for a term consistent with the expected term of the stock options. Prior to fiscal 2024, the expected volatility was estimated based on the historical volatility of a select peer group of similar publicly traded companies.

(2)

The risk-free interest rates were based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity interest rate for a term consistent with the expected term of the stock options.

(3)

The expected term of the stock options represents the estimated period of time until exercise and was calculated using the simplified method.

As of February 1, 2025, unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested options was $9.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.4 years.

ESPP

The ESPP allows eligible employees to contribute up to 15% of their base earnings towards purchases of Class A common stock, subject to an annual maximum. The purchase price will be 85% of the lower of (i) the fair market value of the stock on the associated lookback date and (ii) the fair market value of the stock on the last day of the related purchase period. As of February 1, 2025,4.3 million shares of Class A common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP.

Other Awards

Other awards primarily consist of partnership unit awards (“Series C Units”) issued by Scooby LP to eligible employees, consultants, and non-employee directors of the Company under the 2016 Incentive Plan, which was established in connection with the Acquisition. Series C Unit awards are restricted profit interests in Scooby LP subject to a distribution threshold and have generally been issued in the form of time-based units that vest inthree tofive equal annual installments following the grant date. In addition to acceleration upon a change in control, a portionof grantees’ Series C Units may vest upon certain levels of direct or indirect sales by Scooby LP of the Company’s Class A common stock, and all unvested Series C Units will fully accelerate in the event Scooby LP sells 90% of its direct or indirect holdings of the Company’s Class A common stock. No additional Series C Units have been or will be awarded following the Company’s initial public offering.

Series C Unit activity under the 2016 Incentive Plan was as follows (in thousands):

Charges with respect to awards issued pursuant to the 2016 Incentive Plan are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Compensation expense related to Series C Units is generally not tax deductible.

As of February 1, 2025, unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested portion of Scooby LP’s Series C Units was $0.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.4 years.

(Loss) Income Per Share

Shares of Class A common stock and Class B-1 common stock participate equally in the earnings and losses of the Company and have identical rights in distribution. Basic net income (loss) per Class A and B-1 common share is based on the weighted-average Class A and B-1 common shares outstanding during the relevant period. Diluted net income (loss) per Class A and B-1 common share is based on the weighted-average Class A and B-1 common shares outstanding during the relevant period adjusted for the effect of potentially dilutive securities.

Potentially dilutive securities include potential Class A common shares related to outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs, calculated using the treasury stock method. The calculation of diluted shares outstanding excludes options and RSUs where the combination of the exercise price (in the case of options) and the associated unrecognized compensation expense is greater than the average market price of Class A common shares because the inclusion of these securities would be antidilutive.

In fiscal 2024 and 2023, all outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per Class A and B-1 common share, as their effect would be antidilutive in a net loss period. In fiscal 2022, there were approximately 6.7 million potential shares that were anti-dilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding.

Shares of Class B-2 common stock are not included in the calculation of net income (loss) per share as they only possess voting rights. Unvested RSUs contain forfeitable rights to dividend equivalent units if dividends are paid to holders of Class A and B-1 common stock. Because the dividend equivalent units are forfeitable, unvested RSUs are not considered participating securities.

12. Income Taxes

Income tax (benefit) expense consisted of the following (in thousands):

A reconciliation of income tax (benefit) expense at the federal statutory rate with the provision for income taxes is as follows (in thousands):

(1)

Impairment represents adjustments for the non-deductible component of goodwill impairment.

The effective tax rate is driven by income earned in various taxing jurisdictions, including U.S. states, and the statutory tax rates imposed by those jurisdictions, as well as permanent differences including nondeductible equity compensation, goodwill impairment charges, and tax credits.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. With the exception to certain state net operating losses discussed below, management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences. This is based upon future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible.

As of February 1, 2025, the Company has recorded a deferred tax asset of$4.1 million reflecting the benefit of$76.6 million in state income tax net operating loss carryforwards, which will begin to expire in fiscal 2025. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that a portion of the state net operating loss carryforward will not be realized and recorded a valuation allowance of$1.9 millionon the deferred tax asset related to these state net operating loss carryforwards as of February 1, 2025. The valuation allowance decreased by$0.3 million as compared to the prior year due to the expiration of statutes of limitations. If or when recognized, the tax benefits related to any reversal of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets is accounted for as a reduction of income tax expense.

The Company has recorded a net deferred tax asset of$7.1 million reflecting the gross benefit of state income tax credits totaling $0.3 million and $8.7 million in Georgia and California, respectively. The Georgia credits will begin to expire in 2025. The California credits have an unlimited carryforward period.

The Company's interest expense carryforward of$243.5 million has an unlimited carryforward period.

Reserves are established when positions are “more likely than not” to not be sustained if challenged. Reserves are adjusted at each reporting period to reflect the impact of audit settlements, expiration of statutes of limitation, developments in the tax law and ongoing discussions with the tax authorities. Accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of the income tax provision.

The Company has approximately $16.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of February 1, 2025, of which $4.2 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate and $12.2 million would result in an adjustment to the net deferred tax liability.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, is as follows (in thousands):

The Company has approximately $6.7 million accrued for interest and penalties as of February 1, 2025 in the consolidated balance sheets and recorded $1.9 million in interest during fiscal 2024 in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company does not anticipate that unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease over the next 12 months.

The Company is no longer subject to examination for U.S. federal income tax for periods prior to fiscal 2020. The Company is no longer subject to examination by state tax authorities for tax periods prior to fiscal 2019. The Company is currently under audit by various state jurisdictions for various years. Though the estimated completion dates of these audits are not known, it is possible that these audits will be completed within the next 12 months. In addition, the Company does not foresee other material changes to the federal or state uncertain tax positions affecting income tax expense within the next 12 months. The Company has no material foreign operations.

13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Changes in the balances of each component included in AOCI are presented below (net of tax, in thousands):

14. Commitments and Contingencies

Baseball Stadium Naming Rights Commitment

In March 2003, the Company entered into an agreement with San Diego Ballpark Funding LLC and Padres L.P. to name the San Diego Padres’ new stadium Petco Park. The naming rights include signage, advertising and other promotional benefits. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company pays an annual contract fee. Fees for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 were $5.0 million, $4.6 million, and $4.4 million, respectively. These fees are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and will be adjusted by the maximum annual change related to the San Diego consumer price index per year through the 2030 Major League Baseball season.

Litigation

The Company is involved in legal proceedings and is subject to other claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company has made accruals with respect to certain of these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements but are not, individually or in the aggregate, considered material. For other matters, the Company has not made accruals because management has not yet determined that a loss is probable or because the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated. While the ultimate outcome of the matters cannot be determined, the Company currently does not expect that these matters will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain, however, and if decided adversely to the Company, or if the Company determines that settlement of particular litigation is appropriate, the Company may be subject to liability that could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.

15. Reportable Segment

The following represents segment information for the Company’ssingle operating segment, for the periods presented (in thousands):

(1)

Other general & administrative expenses include support center labor and occupancy costs, legal, accounting, information technology, and consulting costs, depreciation and amortization, as well as impairments, write-offs and losses on the sale of fixed and other assets.