InPoint Commercial Real Estate Income, Inc.

Note 1 – Organization and Business Operations

InPoint Commercial Real Estate Income, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in Maryland on September 13, 2016 to originate, acquire and manage a diversified portfolio of commercial real estate (“CRE”) investments primarily comprised of (i) CRE debt, including (a) primarily floating-rate first mortgage loans, and (b) subordinate mortgage and mezzanine loans. The Company may also invest in participations in loans secured by CRE, floating-rate CRE securities, such as commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), senior unsecured debt of publicly traded real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and select equity investments in single-tenant, net leased properties. Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through InPoint REIT Operating Partnership, LP (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership. The Company is the sole general partner and directly or indirectly holds all of the limited partner interests in the Operating Partnership. The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Company is externally managed by Inland InPoint Advisor, LLC (the “Advisor”), a Delaware limited liability company formed in August 2016 that is a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Inland Real Estate Investment Corporation (“IREIC”), a member of The Inland Real Estate Group of Companies, Inc. The Advisor is responsible for coordinating the management of the day-to-day operations and originating, acquiring and managing the Company’s CRE investment portfolio, subject to the supervision of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). The Advisor performs its duties and responsibilities as the Company’s fiduciary pursuant to an amended and restated advisory agreement dated July 1, 2021 among the Company, the Advisor and the Operating Partnership (the “Advisory Agreement”).

The Advisor has delegated certain of its duties to SPCRE InPoint Advisors, LLC (the “Sub-Advisor”), a Delaware limited liability company formed in September 2016 that is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sound Point CRE Management, LP, pursuant to a second amended and restated sub-advisory agreement between the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor dated July 1, 2021. Among other duties, the Sub-Advisor has the authority to identify, negotiate, acquire and originate the Company’s investments and provide portfolio management, disposition, property management and leasing services to the Company. Notwithstanding such delegation to the Sub-Advisor, the Advisor retains ultimate responsibility for the performance of all the matters entrusted to it under the Advisory Agreement, including those duties which the Advisor has not delegated to the Sub-Advisor, such as (i) valuation of the Company’s assets and calculation of the Company’s net asset value (“NAV”); (ii) management of the Company’s day-to-day operations; (iii) preparation of stockholder reports and communications and arrangement of the Company’s annual stockholder meetings; and (iv) monitoring the Company’s ongoing compliance with the REIT qualification requirements for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

On October 25, 2016, the Company commenced a private offering (the “Private Offering”) of up to $500,000 in shares of Class P common stock (“Class P Shares”). The Company issued 10,258,094 Class P Shares in the Private Offering, resulting in gross proceeds of $276,681 and terminated the Private Offering on June 28, 2019.

On March 22, 2019, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-230465) (the “2019 Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to register up to $2,350,000 in shares of common stock (the “IPO”).

On May 3, 2019, the SEC declared the 2019 Registration Statement effective, and the Company commenced the IPO. The purchase price per share for each class of common stock in the IPO (Class A, Class I, Class D, Class S and Class T) varied and generally equaled the prior month’s NAV per share, as determined monthly, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Inland Securities Corporation (the “Dealer Manager”) served as the Company’s exclusive dealer manager for the IPO on a best efforts basis.

On September 22, 2021, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 3,500,000 shares of its 6.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), with a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share (the “Preferred Stock Offering”). In addition, on October 15, 2021, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., as a representative of the underwriters, partially exercised their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 100,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The Series A Preferred Stock were issued and sold pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-258802) filed with the SEC. The Company received net proceeds in the Preferred Stock Offering of $86,310, after underwriter’s discount and issuance costs, and contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for an equivalent number of Series A units in the Operating Partnership (with economic terms that mirror those of the Series A Preferred Stock). For more information on the Preferred Stock Offering, see “Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity.”

In connection with the Preferred Stock Offering, Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, prohibited the Company from selling its shares of common stock in the primary portion of the IPO and repurchasing its shares of common stock through the SRP during the applicable restricted period. After careful consideration of the regulatory requirements, the Board unanimously approved the temporary suspension of the sale of the Company’s shares of common stock in the primary portion of the IPO and the operation of the SRP, each effective at 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time, on September 7, 2021, until 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time, on September 15, 2021.

For more information on the Preferred Stock Offering, see “Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity”.

On April 28, 2022, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-264540) (the “2022 Registration Statement”) with the SEC to register up to $2,200,000 in shares of common stock, which was declared effective by the SEC on November 2, 2022 (the “Second Public Offering” and collectively with the IPO, the “Public Offerings”).

In light of the pace of fundraising in the Second Public Offering and the amount of monthly redemption requests pursuant to the share repurchase plan (the “SRP”), which were in excess of such fundraising, on January 30, 2023, the Board suspended the SRP. In connection with such suspension, the Board also suspended the primary portion of the Second Public Offering (the “Primary Offering”) and the distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRP”), effective as of February 10, 2023. The Primary Offering, the SRP, and the DRP shall each remain suspended unless and until such time as the Board approves their resumption.

Please refer to “Note 15 – Subsequent Events” and Part II, “Item 1A – Risk Factors” for updates to the Company’s business after December 31, 2024.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related footnotes have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

Certain amounts in the prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company consolidates all entities that the Company controls through either majority ownership or voting rights. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Operating Partnership. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a joint venture and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, authority to make decisions and contractual and substantive participating rights of the other partners or members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined the Operating Partnership is a VIE of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are held by the Operating Partnership.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include funds on deposit with financial institutions, including demand deposits with financial institutions with original maturities of three months or less. The account balance may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage limits and, as a result, there could be a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage limits. The Company believes that the risk will not be significant, as the Company does not anticipate the financial institutions’ non-performance.

Restricted cash represents cash the Company is required to hold in a segregated account as additional collateral on real estate securities repurchase agreements. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no restricted cash was held by the Company.

Credit Facility Payable

The Company has a credit facility to finance the acquisition or origination of commercial mortgage loans. This credit facility, when drawn upon, is accounted for as debt. The fees paid for this credit facility are recorded in deferred debt finance costs on the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized straight line over the period of the agreement to debt finance costs on the consolidated statement of operations. For further information on the credit facility, see “Note 4 – Repurchase Agreements and Credit Facilities.”

Commercial Mortgage Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans held-for-investment are anticipated to be held until maturity, and reported at cost, net of allowance for credit losses, any unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts, loan fees and origination costs, as applicable. In accordance with ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, or ASU 2016-13, the Company uses a probability-weighted quantitative analytical model to estimate and recognize an allowance for credit losses on loans held-for-investment and their related unfunded commitments. The Company employed quarterly updated macroeconomic forecasts, which reflect expectations for overall economic output, interest rates, values of real estate properties and other factors, geopolitical instability and the Federal Reserve monetary policy impact on the overall U.S. economy and commercial real estate markets generally. These estimates may change in future periods based on available future macroeconomic data and might result in a material change in the Company’s future estimates of expected credit losses for its loan portfolio.

The Company considers loan investments that are both (i) expected to be substantially repaid through the operation or sale of the underlying collateral, and (ii) for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, to be “collateral-dependent” loans. With respect to loans for which the Company determines foreclosure of the collateral is probable, the Company measures the expected losses based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. With respect to collateral-dependent loans for which the Company determines foreclosure is not probable, the Company applies a practical expedient to estimate expected losses using the difference between the collateral’s fair value (less costs to sell the asset if repayment is expected through the sale of the collateral) and the amortized cost basis of the loan.

For loans assigned a risk rating of “5,” the Company has determined that the recovery of the loan’s principal is collateral-dependent. Accordingly, these loans are assessed individually, and the Company elected to apply a practical expedient in accordance with ASU 2016-13. While utilizing the practical expedient for collateral-dependent loans, the Company estimates the fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral using the discounted cash flow method of valuation, less the estimated cost to foreclose and sell the property when applicable. The estimation of the fair value of the collateral property also involves using various Level 3 unobservable inputs, which are inherently uncertain and subjective, and are in part developed based on discussions with various market participants and management’s best estimates, which may vary depending on the information available and market conditions as of the valuation date. Selecting the appropriate inputs and assumptions requires significant judgment and consideration of various factors that are specific to the underlying collateral property being assessed. The Company’s estimate of the fair value of the collateral property is sensitive to both the valuation methodology selected and inputs used in the analysis. As a result, the fair value of the collateral property used in determining the expected credit losses is subject to uncertainty and any actual losses, if incurred, could differ materially from the estimated provision for credit losses.

Interest income on loans held-for-investment is recognized at the loan coupon rate. Any premiums or discounts, loan fees, contractual exit fees and origination costs are amortized or accreted into interest income over the lives of the loans using the effective interest method. Generally, loans held-for-investment are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for more than 90 days or when determined not to be probable of full collection. Loans placed on nonaccrual status are assigned a risk rating of “5”. Interest income recognition is suspended when loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Interest accrued, but not collected, at the date loans are placed on nonaccrual is reversed and subsequently recognized only to the extent it is received in cash or until it qualifies for return to accrual status. However, when there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of loan principal, all cash received is applied to reduce the carrying value of such loans. For loans that are on a nonaccrual status and financed by loan participations sold, interest income on the loan is only recognized to the extent of interest expense on the loan participation sold, with any net cash collected by the Company reducing the principal balance on the loan. Loans held-for-investment are restored to accrual status only when contractually current or the collection of future payments is reasonably assured. The Company may make exceptions to placing a loan on nonaccrual status if the loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection or has been modified.

Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, which requires companies to estimate a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) for the recognition of credit losses on financial instruments, including commercial mortgage loans, in their consolidated financial statements. The allowance for credit losses is adjusted each period for changes in expected credit losses. This replaces prior GAAP which required losses to be recognized as incurred. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 using the modified retrospective method, therefore, the results for reporting periods prior to January 1, 2023 remain unadjusted and reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company recorded a$5,122 increase to accumulated deficit with offsets on the consolidated balance sheet as noted below.

The following table illustrates the impact of adoption ASU 2016-13:

The allowance for credit losses is recorded in accordance with ASU 2016-13, and is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans held-for-investment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Changes to the allowance for credit losses are recognized through net income (loss) on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The allowance is based on relevant information about past events, including historical loss experience, current portfolio, market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the duration of each respective loan. All loans held-for-investment within the Company’s portfolio have some amount of expected loss to reflect the GAAP principal underlying the CECL model that all loans have some inherent risk of loss, regardless of credit quality, subordinate capital or other mitigating factors.

The Company’s loans typically include commitments to fund incremental proceeds to its borrowers over the life of the loan. Those future funding commitments are also subject to an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses related to future loan fundings is recorded as a component of “Accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and not as an offset to the related loan balance. This allowance for credit losses is estimated using the same process outlined below for the Company’s outstanding loan balances, and changes in this component of the allowance for credit losses similarly flow through the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The allowance for credit losses is estimated on a quarterly basis and represents management’s estimates of current expected credit losses in the Company’s investment portfolio. Pools of loans with similar risk characteristics are collectively evaluated while loans that no longer share risk characteristics with loan pools are evaluated individually. Estimating an allowance for credit losses is inherently subjective, as it requires management to exercise significant judgment in establishing appropriate factors used to determine the allowance and a variety of subjective assumptions, including (i) determination of relevant historical loan loss data sets, (ii) the expected timing and amount of future loan fundings and repayments, (iii) the current credit quality of loans and operating performance of loan collateral and the Company’s expectations of performance, and (iv) selecting the forecast for macroeconomic conditions.

The Company estimates the analytical portion of its allowance for credit losses by using a probability-weighted quantitative analytical model that considers the likelihood of default and loss-given-default for each individual loan. The analytical model incorporates a third-party licensed database for over 100,000 commercial real estate loans. The Company licenses certain macroeconomic financial forecasts from a third-party to inform its view of the potential future impact that broader macroeconomic conditions may have on the performance of the loans held-for-investment. These macroeconomic factors include unemployment rates, interest rates, price indices for commercial property and other factors. The Company may use one or more of these forecasts in the process of estimating its allowance for credit losses. Selection of these economic forecasts requires significant judgment about future events that, while based on the information available to the Company as of the balance sheet date, are ultimately unknowable with certainty, and the actual economic conditions impacting the Company’s portfolio could vary significantly from the estimates the Company made for the periods presented. Significant inputs to the Company’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses include the reasonable and supportable forecast period and loan specific factors such as debt service coverage ratio, or DSCR, loan-to-value ratio, or LTV, remaining contractual loan term, property type and others. In addition, the Company also considers relevant loan-specific qualitative factors to estimate its allowance for credit losses.

Prior to January 1, 2023, the allowance for loan losses included an asset-specific component and included a general, formula-based component when the portfolio was determined to be of sufficient size to warrant such a reserve.

For the asset-specific component related to reserves for losses on individual impaired loans, the Company considered a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believed that it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. This assessment was made on an individual loan basis each quarter based on such factors as payment status, borrower financial resources including ability to refinance, and collateral economics. A reserve was established for an impaired loan when the present value of payments expected to be received, observable market prices or the estimated fair value of the collateral was lower than the carrying value of that loan.

Valuations were performed or obtained at the time a loan was determined to be impaired and designated non-performing, and they were updated if circumstances indicate that a significant change in value had occurred. The Advisor generally used the income approach through internally developed valuation models to estimate the fair value of the collateral for such loans. In more limited cases, the Advisor obtained external “as is” appraisals for loan collateral, generally when third party participations existed.

General reserves were recorded when (i) available information as of each balance sheet date indicates that it was probable a loss had occurred in the portfolio and (ii) the amount of the loss could be reasonably estimated. The Company’s policy was to estimate loss rates based on actual losses experienced, if any, or based on historical realized losses experienced in the industry if the Company had not experienced any losses. Current collateral and economic conditions affecting the probability and severity of losses were taken into account when establishing the allowance for loan losses.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had$549,173 and$722,003 of commercial mortgage loans held for investment, respectively, which is net of allowance for credit losses of$13,898 and$21,849, respectively. See Note 3 – “Commercial Mortgage Loans Held for Investment - Allowance for Credit Losses” for further information.

Interest Income

Interest income on commercial loans, which includes origination fees paid by borrowers, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and the Company’s purchase price. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies, including the rate and timing of principal payments (prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, management must use its judgment to estimate interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and the Company’s interest income.

Real Estate Owned

Real estate owned (“REO”) represents real estate acquired by the Company through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or purchase. For real estate acquired by the Company through foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, REO assets are recorded at fair value at acquisition and are presented net of accumulated depreciation. For real estate acquired through purchase, REO assets are recorded at cost at acquisition and are presented net of accumulated depreciation.

REO assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of up to 42 years for buildings and improvements and up to 15 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Renovations and/or replacements that improve or extend the life of the REO asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

Assetsand liabilities acquired typically include land, building and site improvements and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases and the value of in-place leases. The portion of the acquisition price allocated to above-market lease values is included in acquired lease intangible assets, net and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease as a reduction to rental income. The portion allocated to below-market lease values is included in acquired lease intangible liabilities, net and is amortized as an increase to rental income over the term of the lease including any renewal periods with fixed rate renewals. The portion of the acquisition price allocated to acquired in-place lease value is included in acquired lease intangible assets, net and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the acquired leases’ remaining terms.

Revenue and Expenses from Real Estate

For the Company’s office and multifamily properties, revenue from real estate is primarily comprised of rental income, including base rent and reimbursements of property operating expenses. For leases that have fixed and measurable base rent escalations, the Company recognizes base rent on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease terms. The difference between such rental income earned and the cash rent amount is recorded as straight-line rent receivable and presented within prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Reimbursement of property operating expenses arises from tenant leases which provide for the recovery of certain operating expenses and real estate taxes of the respective property. This revenue is accrued in the same periods as the expenses are incurred. Revenue and expenses are presented in the consolidated statements of income as “Revenue from real estate” and expenses are included in the “Real estate operating expenses,” as applicable.

Prior to September 28, 2023, the Company owned a hotel property classified as REO. Revenue from real estate also consists of revenue associated with the operations of the hotel property. Revenue from the operation of the hotel property was recognized when guestrooms were occupied, services had been rendered or fees had been earned. Revenues were recorded net of any discounts and sales and other taxes collected from customers. Revenues consisted of room sales, food and beverage sales and other hotel revenues. The Company sold the hotel on September 28, 2023.

Leases

Finance lease right of use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are recorded based on the fair value of the underlying property. Lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term. Leases will be classified as either a finance or operating lease, with such classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the consolidated statements of operations. For leases greater than 12 months, the Company determines, at the inception of the contract, if the arrangement meets the classification criteria for an operating or finance lease. For leases that have extension options, which can be exercised at the Company’s discretion, management uses judgment to determine if it is reasonably certain that such extension options will be elected. If the extension options are reasonably certain to occur, the Company includes the extended term’s lease payments in the calculation of the respective lease liability. Total lease expense is recognized as interest on the finance lease liability and amortization of the ROU asset on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The incremental borrowing rate used to discount the lease liability is determined at commencement of the lease, or upon modification of the lease, as the interest rate a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a fully collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate considers information at both the corporate and property level and analysis of current market conditions for obtaining new financings. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no finance leases.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company estimates fair value using available market information and valuation methodologies it believes to be appropriate for these purposes. The Company defines fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which are described below:

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Level I - Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

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Level II - Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

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Level III - Unobservable inputs which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the above hierarchy requires judgment and factors specific to the asset or liability. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter and depending on various factors, it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from quarter to quarter.

The Company is required by GAAP to disclose fair value information about financial instruments that are not otherwise reported at fair value in its consolidated balance sheets, to the extent it is practicable to estimate a fair value for those instruments. These disclosure requirements exclude certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments.

Organization and Offering Expenses

The Company conducted an IPO that commenced following the conclusion of the Private Offering on June 28, 2019. The IPO concluded and the Second Public Offering began when the S-11 for the Second Public Offering was declared effective by the SEC on November 2, 2022 (File No. 333-264540). As described above, on January 30, 2023, the Board approved the suspension of the Primary Offering. For classes of shares sold in the Public Offerings, the purchase price per share was based on a monthly NAV published around the 15 th of the month preceding its effective date with the valuation based on the end of the previous month. For the Private Offering, the purchase price per Class P Share was equal to $25.00 (the “Transaction Price”) plus applicable selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, resulting in a total purchase price of $27.38 per Class P Share if maximum selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses were paid. The Dealer Manager was the dealer manager for the Private Offering, the IPO and the Second Public Offering.

Organization and offering expenses include all expenses incurred in connection with the Private Offering and Public Offerings. Organization and offering expenses (other than selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees) of the Company may be paid by the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, the Dealer Manager, or their respective affiliates on behalf of the Company and subsequently reimbursed by the Company. For the Private Offering, offering expenses were deferred and a payable was recognized to the Advisor or Sub-Advisor until shares were sold in the Private Offering, at which point the expense reimbursement was paid from additional paid-in capital. For the Public Offerings, offering costs are offset against additional paid-in capital when incurred. These expenses include but are not limited to: (i) reimbursing the Dealer Manager and participating broker-dealers for bona fide out-of-pocket, itemized and detailed due diligence expenses incurred by these entities, (ii) expenses for printing and mailing, charges of transfer agents, registrars, trustees, escrow holders, depositaries and experts, and (iii) expenses of qualifying the sale of the shares under federal and state laws, including taxes and fees and accountants’ and attorneys’ fees and expenses.

The Company reimbursed the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and their respective affiliates for costs and other expenses related to the Private Offering not in excess of the organization and offering expenses paid by investors in connection with the sale of Class P Shares in the Private Offering. The Company also reimburses the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and their respective affiliates for costs and other expenses related to the IPO, provided the Advisor has agreed to reimburse the Company to the extent that the organization and offering expenses that the Company incurs exceeds 15% of its gross proceeds from the Public Offerings.

Repurchase Agreements

The Company enters into master repurchase agreements that allow the Company to sell real estate loans and securities while providing a fixed repurchase price for the same real estate loans and securities in the future. Repurchase agreements are being accounted for as secured borrowings since the Company maintains effective control of the financed assets. Under the master repurchase agreements, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value.

Senior Loan Participations

Forseveral first mortgage loans, the Company sold a non-recourse senior loan participation interest to a third party and retained a subordinate participation interest. These do not qualify as sales under GAAP and are instead presented in a manner similar to a secured borrowing. On the balance sheet, there is a gross presentation with the full loan receivable recorded in Commercial mortgage loans at cost and an offsetting liability to the third party recorded in Loan participations sold, net. Interest income on the mortgage loans continues tobe recorded as described above with interest amounts due to the third party for its senior loan participation interest recorded in interest expense.

Equity-Based Compensation

In accordance with the Company’s Independent Director Restricted Share Plan (the “RSP”), restricted shares are issued to independent directors as compensation. The Company recognizes expense related to the fair value of equity-based compensation awards as operating expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes expense based on the fair value at the grant dated on a straight-line basis over the vesting period representing the requisite service period. See Note 11 – “Equity-Based Compensation” for further information.

Income Taxes

The Company qualifies as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for federal income tax purposes commencing with the tax year ended December 31, 2017 and qualifies for taxation as a REIT. The Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes its REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments, to its stockholders. Subsequently, if the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income, property or net worth and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.

The Company hadno uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2024 or 2023. The Company expectsno significant increases or decreases in uncertain tax positions due to changes in tax positions within one year of December 31, 2024. The Company hadno interest or penalties relating to income taxes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022. As of December 31, 2024, returns for the calendar years 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 remain subject to examination by U.S. and various state and local tax jurisdictions.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences and are attributable to (1) differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases, and (2) net operating losses.

The Company operated the Renaissance O’Hare Suites Hotel (the “Renaissance O’Hare”) through a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) that engaged a third-party hotel management company to manage the hotel under a management contract. The TRS had cumulative net operating losses of $3,960 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, with corresponding deferred tax asset of $1,129 as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023. These losses have no expiration. The deferred tax asset is calculated using an effective tax rate of 28.51%, which is calculated by combining a 21% Federal tax rate and an IL tax rate of 7.51% (9.5% state rate net of the Federal benefit). As of December 31, 2024, it is more likely than not that the Company will not generate sufficient taxable income to fully realize the tax deferred tax asset related to the Company’s TRS, therefore the Company maintains a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax asset of $1,129. The Renaissance O’Hare was sold on September 28, 2023. See Note 13 for further information.

Distributions Payable

Distributions payable represent distributions declared as of the balance sheet date which are payable to stockholders.

Per Share Data

The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share by dividing net income attributable to the Company for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for that period. Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income by the common shares plus common share equivalents. For further information about the Company’s calculation of EPS, see Note 7 – “Net Income Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders.”

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. Public entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide the new disclosures and all the disclosures required under ASC 280. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption was permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements, unless it is impracticable. The Company has adopted ASU 2023-07 and updated its disclosures pertaining to having a single reportable segment. See Note 9 – “Segment Reporting” for further information. The adoption did not have any impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued but Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 improves the transparency of income tax disclosures related to rate reconciliation and income taxes. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments should be applied prospectively, however retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires disclosures in the notes to the financial statements on specified information about certain costs and expenses that are included on the face of the income statement for each interim and annual reporting period. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 – Commercial Mortgage Loans Held for Investment

The following tables show a summary of the Company’s commercial mortgage loans held for investment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1)

(2)

Weighted average interest rate is based on the loan spreads plus the applicable indices as of the last interest reset date, which is typically the 15th of each month. On December 15,2024, the one-month term USD Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)

rate reset to 4.40%. On December 15, 2023, the SOFR rate reset to 5.36%. Weighted average interest rate excludes maturity default interest and interest on loans placed on nonaccrual status.

(3)

Weighted average years to maturity excludes allowable extensions on the loans.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the activity in the Company’s commercial mortgage loans, held-for-investment portfolio was as follows:

(1)

Relates to sale of a loan at par. The loan was placed on nonaccrual status as of February 1, 2024 and any subsequent cash collected was being applied to the principal balance. The Company completed the sale of the loan in September 2024 and recognized a gain on sale of $929 on the loan. See Note 5 for further information.

(2)

Relates to acquisition oftwo properties secured by a senior loan in July 2024 andone property secured by a senior loan in October 2024. See Note 13 - “Real Estate Owned” for additional information.

(1)

The Company soldone loan during 2023. See Note 5 for further information.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents the activity in the Company’s allowance for credit losses:

(1)

The reserve for expected credit losses related to unfunded loan commitments is recorded in “accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets following the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023.

(2)

Relates to acquisition of two properties secured by a senior loan in July 2024 and one property secured by a senior loan in October 2024. See Note 13 - “Real Estate Owned” for additional information.

(1)

The reserve for expected credit losses related to unfunded loan commitments is recorded in “accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets following the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023.

(2)

Relates to sale ofaloan during 2023. See Note 5 for further information.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a total CECL reserve of $13,994, which included an asset-specific component of $7,219 related tosix loans. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $2,288 in additional provision for credit losses and reduced the CECL reserve by $10,432 with the charge-off of two loans. This CECL reserve reflects certain loans assessed for impairment in the Company’s portfolio as well as reserves determined based on an analysis of macroeconomic conditions. See“Asset-Specific CECL Reserve” section below for further discussion on the loans with asset-specific CECL reserve.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a total CECL reserve of $22,138, which included an asset-specific component of $16,266 related to 4 loans. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company increased the CECL reserve by $22,033 which included $5,122 from adoption of ASU 2016-13 and $16,911 in provision for credit losses and reduced the CECL reserve by $3,483 with the charge-off of one loan, bringing the total CECL reserve to $22,138. This CECL reserve reflects certain loans assessed for impairment in the Company’s portfolio as well as reserves determined based on an analysis of macroeconomic conditions. See “Asset-Specific CECL Reserve” section below for further discussion on the loans with asset-specific CECL reserve.

For further information on the Company’s allowance for credit losses policy, see “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

Credit Characteristics

As part of the Company’s process for monitoring the credit quality of its investments, it performs a quarterly asset review of the investment portfolio and assigns risk ratings to each of its loans and certain securities it may own, such as CMBS. Risk factors include payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment in collateral, collateral type, project economics and geographic location, as well as national and regional economic factors. To determine the likelihood of loss, the loans are rated on a 5-point scale as follows:

All investments are assigned an initial risk rating of 2 at origination or acquisition.

As of December 31, 2024,13 loans had a risk rating of 2, six had a risk rating of 3, four had a risk rating of 4 andtwo had a risk rating of 5. As of December 31, 2023,24 loans had a risk rating of 2, seven had a risk rating of 3, three had a risk rating of 4 andtwo had a risk rating of 5.

Asset-Specific CECL Reserve

The table below provides the components of the asset-specific CECL reserve as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1)

The loan was secured bytwo office properties, one located in Addison, TX, and the other located in Irving, TX, with an outstanding balance of $24,411 andno unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2023. The Company foreclosed on the two properties securing the loan on July 2, 2024. The Company intends to hold these properties as real estate held for use with the intent to eventually sell when the properties and market improve.

(2)

The loan is secured by an office property in Charlotte, NC with an outstanding balance of $23,078 andno unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2024, and a maturity date of October 9, 2025. During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, the Company observed an increase in the in-place net operating income and other macroeconomic improvements which resulted in an improvement in the estimated value of the property. As the estimated value exceeded the loan balance, the asset-specific CECL reserve was reversed. In February 2025, the Company was notified that the borrower was delinquent on paying the property manager and, as a result, the Company notified the borrower that they were in default of the loan agreement. The Company began foreclosure procedures in March 2025 pending resolution by the borrower. The Company has an allocated CECL reserve of$1.8 million on the loan as of December 31, 2024. The loan has a risk rating of 5 as of December 31, 2024.

(3)

The loan was secured by a multifamily property in Portland, OR with an outstanding balance of $29,550 andno unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2023. On October 23, 2024, the Company foreclosed on the property securing the loan. The Company intends to hold the property as real estate held for use with the intent to eventually sell when the property and market improve.

(4)

The loan was secured by an office property in Reston, VA with an outstanding loan balance of $13,647 and an unfunded commitment of $4,353 as of December 31, 2023. The loan had a maturity date of March 9, 2024. In September 2024, the Company sold the loan to a third party at par plus a portion of accrued interest recognizing a gain of $929.

(5)

The loan is secured by an office property in Las Vegas, NV with an outstanding balance of $5,880 andno unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2024, and a maturity date of October 6, 2024 for which the Company has recorded an asset-specific CECL reserve of $4,000 as of December 31, 2024. The office property has a single tenant that will possibly vacate the property at the end of its lease term, which is after the loan maturity date. The Company has negotiated a possible settlement with the borrower which is reflected in the asset-specific CECL reserve. The loan has a risk rating of 5 as of December 31, 2024 and has been on nonaccrual status since July 1, 2024.

(6)

The loan is secured by an office property in Memphis, TN with an outstanding balance of $2,862 andno unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2024, and a maturity date of November 9, 2026. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the borrower sold a property included in the loan and paid down the principal balance of $5,072 and the Company extended the loan for one year. The Company has recorded an asset-specific CECL reserve of $937 as of December 31, 2024 as the estimated value of the property securing the loan was below the loan balance. The loan has a risk rating of 3 as of December 31, 2024.

(7)

The loan is secured by an office property in San Diego, CA with an outstanding balance of $13,626 and an unfunded commitment of $669 as of December 31, 2024, and a maturity date of October 9, 2025. The Company has recorded an asset-specific CECL reserve of $1,080 as of December 31, 2024 as the estimated value of the property securing the loan was below the loan balance. The loan has a risk rating of 4 as of December 31, 2024.

(8)

The loan is secured by a multifamily property in Arlington, TX with an outstanding balance of $24,331 andno unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2024, and a maturity date of December 9, 2025. The Company has recorded an asset-specific CECL reserve of $212 as of December 31, 2024 as the estimated value of the property securing the loan was below the loan balance. The loan has a risk rating of 3 as of December 31, 2024.

(9)

The loan is secured by an office property in Honolulu, HI with an outstanding balance of $13,450 andno unfunded commitment as of December 31, 2024. The loan matured on April 9, 2023 and is currently accruing default interest. The Company is negotiating an extension to allow the borrower to obtain long-term financing or other bridge financing. The Company has recorded an asset-specific CECL reserve of $803 as of December 31, 2024 as the estimated value of the property securing the loan was below the loan balance. The loan has a risk rating of 4 as of December 31, 2024.

(10)

The loan is secured by an industrial property in Mangonia Park, FL with an outstanding balance of $17,096 and an unfunded commitment of $402 as of December 31, 2024, and a maturity date of April 9, 2025. The Company has recorded an asset-specific CECL reserve of $187 as of December 31, 2024 as the estimated value of the property securing the loan was below the loan balance. The loan has a risk rating of 2 as of December 31, 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $426 in interest income related to the nonaccrual status loans. During the year ended December 31, 2024, there wasno reversal of interest income as a result of placing the loans on nonaccrual status. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the total interest income forgone after placing these loans on nonaccrual status was $4,599.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $3,045 in interest income related to the nonaccrual status loans, which is net of a reversal of $624 in interest income as a result of placing the loans on nonaccrual status. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total interest income forgone after placing these loans on nonaccrual status was $1,621.

Loan Modifications

The Company may amend or modify a loan based on its specific facts and circumstances. These modifications are often in the form of a term extension to provide the borrower additional time to refinance or sell the collateral property in order to repay the principal balance of the loan. Such extensions are generally made at the loan’s contractual interest rate and may require an extension fee be paid to the

Company. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company made one such modification which is disclosable under ASU 2022-02, Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures(“ASU 2022-02”), as it was considered an other-than-insignificant payment delay for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. In this instance, the Company granted a two-year term extension, which can be further extended by one year subject to certain terms and conditions, for a senior loan secured by an office property located in Charlotte, NC described above. The Company waived maturity default interest of $738 on the loan. No principal was forgiven as a result of the modification. The modification provides for payment-in-kind of any accrued interest that exceeds a per annum rate of 4%. The loan’s modified terms were included in the determination of the CECL reserve. The loan had an amortized cost basis of $23,078, representing 4.1% of the Company’s commercial mortgage loans as of December 31, 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company made one such modification which is disclosable under ASU 2022-02, as it was considered an other-than-insignificant payment delay for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. In this instance, the Company granted a 7-month term extension for a senior loan secured by a multifamily property located in Portland, OR described above. No principal or interest was forgiven and no extension fee was received as a result of the modification. The loan’s modified terms were included in the determination of the CECL reserve. The loan had an amortized cost basis of $22,477, net of the $7,073 of asset-specific CECL reserve on the loan, representing 3.1% of the Company’s commercial mortgage loans as of December 31, 2023. No interest income was accrued on the loan after it was placed on nonaccrual status.

Note 4 – Repurchase Agreements and Credit Facilities

On February 15, 2018, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a master repurchase agreement (the “Atlas Repo Facility”) with Column Financial, Inc. as administrative agent for certain of its affiliates. As the Company’s business grew, it extended the maturity date of the Atlas Repo Facility. The most recent extension was in November 2023 for a twelve-month term and the maximum advance amount was reduced to $100,000. On February 8, 2023, Column Financial, Inc. and affiliated parties sold and assigned their interest in the Atlas Repo Facility to Atlas Securitized Products Investments 2, L.P. (“Atlas”) with no changes to the terms of the Atlas Repo Facility. Advances under the Atlas Repo Facility accrued interest at a per annum annual rate equal to SOFR plus 2.50% to 3.00% with a 0.15% to 0.25% floor. The Company paid off the outstanding balance on the Atlas Repo Facility in May 2023. The Atlas Repo Facility matured on November 8, 2024 and the Company chose not to extend the facility.

On May 6, 2019, the Company, through a wholly owned subsidiary, entered into an uncommitted master repurchase agreement (the “JPM Repo Facility”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPM”). The JPM Repo Facility provides up to $150,000 in advances that the Company expects to use to finance the acquisition or origination of eligible loans and participation interests therein. Advances made prior to December 2021 under the JPM Repo Facility accrue interest at per annum rates equal to the sum of (i) the applicable one-month USD London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) index rate plus (ii) a margin of between 1.75% to 2.50% with no floor, depending on the attributes of the purchased assets. Advances made subsequent to December 2021 under the JPM Repo Facility accrue interest at per annum rates equal to the sum of SOFR plus an agreed upon margin. As of December 31, 2024, all of the advances made under the JPM Repo Facility were indexed to SOFR and have margins between 1.85% to 2.85% with a floor between 0.00% to 2.00%. In May 2022, the maturity date of the JPM Repo Facility was extended to May 6, 2023. On May 5, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment that extended the maturity date to May 6, 2026, with the option to extend the maturity date further to May 6, 2028 subject totwo optional one-year extensions. The amendment also increased the maximum facility amount to $526,076. The Company used the increased capacity to pay off the balance on the Atlas Repo Facility. The JPM Repo Facility is subject to certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenant requirements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

On March 10, 2021, the Company, through a wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a loan and security agreement and a promissory note (collectively, the “WA Credit Facility”) with Western Alliance Bank (“Western Alliance”). The WA Credit Facility provides for loan advances up to the lesser of $75,000 or the borrowing base. The borrowing base consists of eligible assets pledged to and accepted by Western Alliance in its discretion up to the lower of (i)60% to 70% of loan-to-unpaid balance or (ii)45% to 50% of the loan-to-appraised value (depending on the property type underlying the asset, for both (i) and (ii)). Assets that would otherwise be eligible become ineligible after being pledged as part of the borrowing base for 36 months. Advances under the WA Credit Facility accrue interest at an annual rate equal to one-month LIBOR plus 3.25% with a floor of 0.75%. The initial maturity date of the WA Credit Facility was March 10, 2023. On March 9, 2023, the Company extended the maturity date of the WA Credit Facility to March 10, 2025, modified that loan advances are up to the lesser of $40,000 or the borrowing base, and changed the index rate from LIBOR to SOFR. In addition, the spread increased to 3.50% and the floor to 2.50%. The Company has an option to convert the loan made pursuant to the WA Credit Facility upon its initial maturity to a term loan with the same interest rate and floor and a maturity oftwo years in exchange for, among other things, a conversion fee of 0.25% of the outstanding amount at the time of conversion. The WA Credit Facility requires maintenance of an average unrestricted aggregate deposit account balance with Western Alliance of not less than $3,750 untilthe calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2023 and not less than $5,000 commencing with the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2023. Failure to meet the minimum deposit balance will result in, among other things, the interest rate of the WA Credit Facility increasing by 0.50% per annum for each quarter in which the compensating balances are not maintained. The Company paid off the outstanding balance on the WA Credit Facility in May 2024 and hadno outstanding balance as of December 31, 2024. As there were no borrowings outstanding, the Company was not subject to any financial covenants. The Company decided the WA Credit Facility was no longer necessary and chose not to renew it when it matured on March 10, 2025.

The JPM Repo Facility, Atlas Repo Facility (prior to its maturity) and WA Credit Facility (collectively, the “Facilities”) are used to finance eligible loans and each act in the manner of a revolving credit facility that can be repaid as the Company’s assets are paid off and re-drawn as advances against new assets.

The details of the Facilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(1)

Excluding $0 of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(2)

Includes 0.50% additional interest rate during the third and fourth quarters of 2023 as the minimum deposit balance was not met by the Company as of June 30, 2023.

Note 5 – Loan Participations Sold, Net

On November 15, 2021, the Company sold a non-recourse senior participation interest innine first mortgage loans to a third party. Under the loan participation agreement, in the event of default by the underlying mortgagor, any amounts paid are first allocated to the third party before any amounts are allocated to the Company’s subordinate interest. The Company, as the directing participant in the loan participation agreement, is entitled to exercise, without the consent of the third party, each of the consent approval and control rights under the applicable underlying mortgage loan documents with a few exceptions. The Company requires the third party’s approval for any modification or amendment to the loan, a bankruptcy plan for an underlying mortgagor where the third party would incur an out-of-pocket loss, or any transfer of the underlying mortgaged property if the Company’s approval is required by the underlying mortgage documents. The Company remains the directing participant unless certain conditions are met related to losses on the property or if the mortgagor is an affiliate of the Company. In the former case, the Company may post cash or short-term U.S. government securities as collateral to retain the rights of the directing participant.

The third party, as the senior participation interest holder, receives interest and principal payments from the borrower until they receive the amounts to which they are entitled. All expenses or losses on the underlying mortgages are allocated first to the Company and then to the third party. If the underlying mortgage is in default, the Company will have the option to purchase the third party’s participation interest and remove it from the loan participation agreement.

The financing or transfer of a portion of a loan by the non-recourse sale of a senior interest in the loan through a participation agreement generally does not qualify as a sale under GAAP. Therefore, in this instance, the Company presents the whole loan as an asset and the loan participation sold as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet until the loan is repaid. The obligation to pay principal and interest on these liabilities is generally based on the performance of the related loan obligation. The gross presentation of loan participations sold does not impact stockholders’ equity or net income.

During July 2023, the Company sold a senior office loan located in Alexandria, VA that had a risk rating of 5. The loan originally had a senior participation sold under a loan participation agreement to a third party. The Company sold its interest in the loan to the participant counterparty to extinguish the debt. The Company had previously recorded an asset-specific CECL reserve of $3,483 for this loan which was charged-off against the CECL reserve. The loan was on nonaccrual status since March 2023, and the Company only recognized interest income in the amount due to the loan participant and any net cash collected was applied against the principal balance of the loan. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $531 in interest income and $426 in interest expense on this loan.

On July 2, 2024, the Company acquired legal title totwo office properties through non-judicial foreclosure transactions. The underlying loan was subject to the loan participation agreement. Upon foreclosure, the Company is still subject to the participation payments to the third party. Such payments are based on the underlying properties’ net income before depreciation adjusted for any non-cash revenue. If the monthly payment exceeds the interest due under the participation agreement, the excess is paid to the third party and recorded as a reduction of accrued and unpaid interest first and then as a reduction of the principal. If the monthly payment is less than the interest due under the participation agreement, the shortfall is accrued as interest payable. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the total monthly payments were $816 and the interest due under the participation agreement was $695. As a result, the excess of $121 resulted in a paydown of accrued and unpaid interest. The participation payments have been included within interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $764 in accrued but unpaid interest on thetwo properties.

The following tables detail the Company’s loan participations sold as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1)

The yield/cost is the present value of all future principal and interest payments on the loan or participation interest and does not include any origination fees or deferred commitment fees. The yield/cost excludes maturity default interest and interest on loans placed on nonaccrual status.

(2)

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the loan participations sold were non-recourse to the Company.

(3)

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $3,762 and $4,914 ofinterest expense related to loan participations sold, respectively.

(4)

Based on the furthest maximum maturity date of all the loans subject to the participation agreement.

(5)

Includes participation interest related to the foreclosed properties described above.

Note 6 – Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock Offering

On September 22, 2021, the Company issued and sold 3,500,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock at a public offering price of $25.00 per share. The Company also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase an additional 525,000 shares to cover over-allotments. In addition, on October 15, 2021, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., as representative of the underwriters, partially exercised their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 100,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The Series A Preferred Stock were issued and sold pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-258802) filed with the SEC. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $86,310, after underwriter’s discount and issuance costs and contributed the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for an equivalent number of Series A units in the Operating Partnership.

Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears at a rate per annum equal to 6.75% per annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference (the “Initial Rate”). Subject to certain exceptions, upon a Downgrade Event (as such term is defined in the Articles Supplementary designating the Series A Preferred Stock (the “Articles Supplementary”)) or where any shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding after September 22, 2026, the Series A Preferred Stock will thereafter accrue cumulative cash dividends at a rate higher than the Initial Rate.

Subject to certain exceptions, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each holder of shares of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right to convert some or all of the Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder into a number of the Company’s shares of Class I common stock as provided for in the Articles Supplementary.

The Company may not redeem the Series A Preferred Stock prior to September 22, 2026, except in limited circumstances relating to maintaining the Company’s qualification as a REIT and in connection with a Change of Control. On and after September 22, 2026, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or from time-to-time in part, at a price of $25.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus an amount equal to accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared), if any. The Series A Preferred Stock has no maturity date and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed by the Company or converted by the holder pursuant to its terms (as set forth in the Articles Supplementary).

On August 11, 2022, the Board authorized and approved a share repurchase program (the “Series A Preferred Repurchase Program”) pursuant to which the Company was permitted to repurchase up to the lesser of 1,000,000 shares or $15,000 of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock through December 31, 2022. On November 10, 2022, the Board approved to extend the Series A Preferred Repurchase Program through December 31, 2023. Under the Series A Preferred Repurchase Program, repurchases of shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock were to be made at management’s discretion from time to time through open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions, block purchases or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchased and retired zero and 4,143 shares, respectively, of Series A Preferred Stock resulting in a gain ofzero and $21, respectively, from these repurchases. On January 30, 2023, the Board approved the termination of the Series A Preferred Repurchase Program.

The Series A Preferred Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ICR PR A.

Share Activity for Common Stock and Preferred Stock

The following tables detail the change in the Company’s outstanding shares of all classes of common and preferred stock, including restricted common stock:

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not issue any shares in the Public Offerings.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued shares in the Public Offerings at an average price per share of $19.55 with total net proceeds, including proceeds from the DRP, of $183 after offering costs of $240.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued shares in the Public Offerings at an average price per share of $20.31 with total net proceeds, including proceeds from the DRP, of $3,722 after offering costs of $1,532.

Distributions

Common Stock

The table below presents the aggregate annualized and monthly distributions declared by record date for all classes of shares of common stock since January 1, 2022.

The gross distribution was reduced each month for Class D and Class T of the Company’s common stock for applicable class-specific stockholder servicing fees to arrive at a lower net distribution amount paid to those classes. For a description of the stockholder servicing fees applicable to Class D, Class S and Class T shares of the Company’s common stock, please see “Note 10 – Transactions with Related Parties” below. Since the IPO and through December 31, 2024, the Company had not issued any shares of Class S common stock.

The following table shows the monthly net distribution per share for shares of Class D and Class T common stock since January 1, 2022.

Total distributions declared for Class P, Class A, Class T, Class D and Class I shares for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $10,704, $932, $322, $58 and $587, respectively. Total distributions declared for Class P, Class A, Class T, Class D and Class I shares for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $10,704, $932, $318, $58 and $585 respectively. Total distributions declared for Class P, Class A, Class T, Class D and Class I shares for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $11,245, $869, $416, $57 and $495, respectively.

Series A Preferred Stock

Series A Preferred Stock dividends are paid quarterly in arrears based on an annualized distribution rate of 6.75% of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference, or $1.6875 per share per annum.

The tables below present the aggregate distributions declared per share for each applicable class of common stock and preferred stock during theyears ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The tables exclude distributions declared for any month for a class of shares of stock when there were no shares of that class outstanding on the applicable record date.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, distributions declared but not yet paid amounted to$1,051 and$1,050, respectively.

The Company adopted a DRP, effective May 3, 2019, whereby Class A, Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I stockholders have the option to have their cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of common stock. Any cash distributions attributable to the class or classes of shares owned by participants in the DRP will be immediately reinvested in shares on behalf of the participants on the business day such distribution would have been paid to such stockholder.

The per share purchase price for shares purchased pursuant to the DRP is equal to the most recently published transaction price at the time the distribution is payable. Stockholders do not pay upfront selling commissions when purchasing shares pursuant to the DRP. The stockholder servicing fees with respect to Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares are calculated based on the NAV for those shares and may reduce the NAV or, alternatively, the distributions payable with respect to shares of each such class, including shares issued in respect of distributions on such shares under the DRP. Shares acquired under the DRP will entitle the participant to the same rights and be treated in the same manner as shares of that class purchased in the Public Offerings.

The Company reserves the right to amend any aspect of its DRP without the consent of its stockholders, provided that notice of any material amendment is sent to participants at least ten business days prior to the effective date of that amendment. In addition, the Company may suspend or terminate the DRP for any reason at any time upon ten business days’ prior written notice to participants. A stockholder’s participation in the plan will be terminated to the extent that a reinvestment of such stockholder’s distributions in the Company’s shares would cause the percentage ownership or other limitations contained in the Company’s charter to be violated. Participants may terminate their participation in the DRP with five business days’ prior written notice to the Company.

On January 30, 2023, the Board suspended, among other things, the operation of the DRP, effective as of February 10, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company didnot receive any proceeds from the DRP. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received proceeds from the DRP totaling$85 at an average price per share of $19.53. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received proceeds from the DRP totaling$725 at an average price per share of $19.73.

The Company adopted a SRP, effective May 3, 2019, whereby on a monthly basis, stockholders who have held their shares of common stock for at least one year may request that the Company repurchase all or any portion of their shares.

The Company may repurchase fewer shares than have been requested in any particular month to be repurchased under its SRP, or none at all, in its discretion at any time. In addition, the total amount of aggregate repurchases of shares will be limited to no more than 2% of the aggregate NAV per month and no more than 5% of the aggregate NAV per calendar quarter.

The Board may modify, suspend or terminate the SRP if it deems such action to be in the Company’s best interest and the best interest of its stockholders.

The total amount of aggregate repurchases of shares is limited as set forth in the SRP (no more than 2% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per month as of the last day of the previous calendar month and no more than 5% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per calendar quarter with NAV measured as of the last day of the previous calendar quarter). On January 30, 2023, the Board unanimously approved, effective immediately, the suspension of the operation of the SRP.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchasedno shares of common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased$22,367 of common stock at an average price per share of $19.70.

Note 7 – Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic earnings per share attributable to common stockholders (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the common shares plus common share equivalents. The Company’s common share equivalents are unvested restricted shares. For the year ended December 31, 2024,984 additional shares related to restricted shares were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect of those common share equivalents was dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2023, no additional shares related to restricted shares were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share due to the net loss for the year. For the year ended December 31, 2022,830 additional shares related to common share equivalents were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect of those common share equivalents was dilutive. The Company excludes antidilutive restricted shares from the calculation of weighted-average shares for diluted earnings per share. There were 673,676 and 645 antidilutive restricted shares for theyears ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For further information about the Company’s restricted shares, see Note 11 – “Equity Based Compensation.”

The following table is a summary of the basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders computation for theyears ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may become subject to litigation, claims and regulatory matters. The Company has no knowledge of material legal or regulatory proceedings pending or known to be contemplated against the Company at this time.

The Company has made a commitment to advance additional funds under certain of its CRE loans if the borrower meets certain conditions. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had 14 and 27 commercial mortgage loans, respectively, with a total remaining future funding commitment of $10,615 and $31,021, respectively. The Company could advance future funds at its discretion if requested by the borrower and the borrower meets certain requirements as specified in individual loan agreements.

Note 9 – Segment Reporting

The Company operates asone reportable segment, as defined by GAAP, which originates and acquires mortgage loans and related assets for theyears ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The segment derives its income primarily from interest from its portfolio of commercial mortgage loans secured by real estate and related assets. The accounting policies of the segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies for the Company. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) assesses performance for the segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net interest income and net income (loss) which are reported on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as net interest income and net income (loss), respectively. All the significant segment expenses that are provided to the CODM are reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer.

Note 10 – Transactions with Related Parties

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Advisor had invested $1,000 in the Company through the purchase of 40,040 Class P Shares. The purchase price per Class P Share for the Advisor’s investment was the Transaction Price, withno payment of selling commissions, dealer manager fees or organization and offering expenses. The Advisor has agreed pursuant to its subscription agreement that, for so long as it or its affiliate is serving as the Advisor, (i) it will not sell or transfer at least 8,000 of the Class P Shares that it has purchased, accounting for $200 of its investment, to an unaffiliated third party; (ii) it will not be eligible to submit a request for these 40,040 Class P Shares pursuant to the Company’s SRP prior to the fifth anniversary of the date on which such shares were purchased (November 2021); and (iii) repurchase requests made for these Class P Shares will only be accepted (a) on the last business day of a calendar quarter, (b) after all repurchase requests from all other stockholders for such quarter have been accepted and (c) to the extent that such repurchases do not cause total repurchases in the quarter in which they are being repurchased to exceed that quarter’s repurchase cap.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Sound Point Capital Management, LP (“Sound Point”), an affiliate of the Sub-Advisor, had invested $3,000 in the Company through the purchase of 120,000 Class P Shares. The purchase price per Class P Share for this investment was the Transaction Price, withno payment of selling commissions, dealer manager fees or organization and offering expenses. Sound Point has agreed pursuant to its subscription agreement that, for so long as the Sub-Advisor or its affiliate is serving as the Sub-Advisor, (i) it will not be eligible to submit a request for the repurchase of these 120,000 shares pursuant to the Company’s SRP prior to the fifth anniversary of the date on which such shares were purchased (November 2021); and (ii) repurchase requests made for these Class P Shares will only be accepted (a) on the last business day of a calendar quarter, (b) after all repurchase requests from all other stockholders for such quarter have been accepted and (c) to the extent that such repurchases do not cause total repurchases in the quarter in which they are being repurchased to exceed that quarter’s repurchase cap.

The following table summarizes the Company’s related party transactions for theyears ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and the amount due to related parties as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1)

The Company reimburses the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and their respective affiliates for costs and other expenses related to the Public Offerings, provided the Advisor has agreed to reimburse the Company to the extent that the organization and offering expenses that the Company incurs exceeds 15% of its gross proceeds from the Public Offerings.

(2)

For the Public Offerings, the Dealer Manager was entitled to receive (a) upfront selling commissions of up to 6.0%, and upfront dealer manager fees of up to 1.25%, of the transaction price of each Class A share sold in the primary offering, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers provided that the sum will not exceed 7.25% of the transaction price; (b) upfront selling commissions of up to 3.0%, and upfront dealer manager fees of 0.5%, of the transaction price of each Class T share sold in the primary offering, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price; and (c) upfront selling commissions of up to 3.5% of the transaction price of each Class S share sold in the primary offering. No upfront selling commissions or dealer manager fees are paid with respect to purchases of Class D shares, Class I shares or shares of any class sold pursuant to the Company’s DRP. All upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees were reallowed (paid) by the Dealer Manager to participating broker-dealers.

(3)

The Advisor is entitled to receive an advisory fee comprised of two separate components: (a) a fixed component payable monthly and (b) a performance component payable annually. The fixed component of the advisory fee is paid in an amount equal to 1/12 th of 1.25% of the Company’s average NAV for each month, paid monthly in arrears. The performance component of the advisory fee is calculated and paid annually, such that for any year in which the Company’s total return per share exceeds 7% per annum, the Advisor will receive 20% of the excess total return allocable to shares of the Company’s common stock; provided that in no event will the performance fee exceed 15% of the aggregate total return allocable to shares of the Company’s common stock for such year. In addition, if the NAV per share decreases below $25 for any class of shares during the measurement period, any subsequent increase in NAV per share to $25 (or such other adjusted number) will not be included in the calculation of the performance component with respect to that class. The Advisor did not waive any advisory fees for theyears ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The Advisor pays fees to the Sub-Advisor for the services it delegates to the Sub-Advisor or may direct the Company to pay a portion of the fees otherwise payable to the Advisor directly to the Sub-Advisor.

(4)

The Company pays the Advisor all new loan origination and administrative fees related to CRE loans held for investment, to the extent that such fees are paid by the borrower. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Advisor generally will reallow a portion of loan fees and all administrative fees to the Sub-Advisor.

(5)

Subject to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. limitations on underwriting compensation, the Company pays the Dealer Manager selling commissions over time as stockholder servicing fees for ongoing services rendered to stockholders by participating broker-dealers or broker-dealers servicing stockholders’ accounts as follows: (a) for Class T shares only,0.85% per annum of the NAV of the Class T shares; (b) for Class S shares only,0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class S shares; and (c) for Class D shares only,0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class D shares. The Company will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee with respect to any Class T share, Class S share or Class D share held in a stockholder’s account upon the occurrence of certain events. The Company accrues the full cost of the stockholder servicing fee as an offering cost at the time the Company sells Class T, Class S, and Class D shares. The Dealer Manager does not retain any of these fees, all of which are retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers.

Expense Limitation Agreement

Pursuant to an expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) dated July 1, 2021, the Advisor and Sub-Advisor agree towaive reimbursement of or pay, on a quarterly basis, certain of the Company’s ordinary operating expenses for each class of shares to the extent necessary to ensure that the ordinary operating expenses do not exceed 1.5% of the average monthly net assets on an annualized basis (the “1.5% Expense Limit”). Amounts waived or paid by the Advisor or Sub-Advisor pursuant to the Expense Limitation Agreement are subject to conditional repayment on a quarterly basis by the Company during thethree years following the quarter in which the expenses were incurred, but only to the extent such repayment does not cause the Company to exceed its then-current expenses limitation, if any, for such quarter. Any waiver or reimbursement by the Advisor or Sub-Advisor not repaid by the Company within thethree-year period will be deemed permanently waived and not subject to repayment under the Expense Limitation Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the amount of ordinary operating expenses either submitted for reimbursement by the Advisor and Sub-Advisor or incurred by the Company directly that was subject to the Expense Limitation Agreement did not exceed the 1.5% Expense Limit.

Separately from the limitation on ordinary operating expenses under the Expense Limitation Agreement, the Advisor and Sub-Advisor voluntarily chose not to seek reimbursement for certain expenses that they incurred or paid on behalf of the Company during the year ended December 31, 2024, and for which they may have been entitled to be reimbursed. The Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory

Agreement provide that expenses will be submitted monthly to the Company for reimbursement, and the amount of expenses submitted for reimbursement in any particular month is not necessarily indicative of the total amount of expenses actually incurred by the Advisor and Sub-Advisor in providing services to the Company and for which reimbursement could have been received by the Advisor and Sub-Advisor.

IREIC, the Company’s sponsor, and Sound Point have agreed under separate letter agreements dated July 20, 2021, and July 15, 2021, respectively, to make revolving credit loans to the Company in an aggregate principal amount outstanding at any one time not to exceed $5,000 and $15,000, respectively (the “IREIC-Sound Point Commitments”) from time to time until the Termination Date (defined below) of the letter agreements. These letter agreements are identical to each other in all material respects other than the commitment amounts. Use of the IREIC-Sound Point Commitments is limited to satisfying requirements to maintain cash or cash equivalents under the Company’s repurchase and other borrowing arrangements. The “Termination Date” is the earliest of (i) the Maturity Date (defined below) (ii) the first date on which the Company’s balance sheet equity is equal to or greater than $500,000, (iii) the date IREIC or one of its affiliates is no longer the Company’s advisor or Sound Point or one of its affiliates is no longer the Company’s sub-advisor and (iv) such earlier date on which the commitment will terminate as provided in the letter agreements, for example, because of an event of default. The “Maturity Date” is one year from the date of the agreement, and the Maturity Date will be automatically extended every year for an additional year, unless (a) the lender delivers notice of termination 60 days prior to an anniversary of the letter agreements or (b) an Event of Default (defined below) has occurred and is continuing. Each revolving loan will bear interest at 6.00% per annum. Interest is payable in arrears when principal is paid or repaid and on the Termination Date. Each of the following constitutes an “Event of Default” under the letter agreements: (y) the Company fails to perform or observe any covenant or condition to be performed or observed under the letter agreement (including the obligation to repay a loan in full on the Termination Date) and such failure is not remedied within three business days of its receipt of notice thereof; or (z) the Company becomes insolvent or the subject of any bankruptcy proceeding.

Note 11 – Equity-Based Compensation

With each stock grant, the Company awards each of itsthree independent directors an equal number of restricted shares. The table below summarizes total stock grants as of December 31, 2024 with a vesting date after January 1, 2022.

Under the RSP, restricted shares generally vest over athree-year vesting period from the date of the grant, subject to the specific terms of the grant. Restricted shares are included in common stock outstanding on the grant date. The grant-date value of the restricted shares is amortized over the vesting period representing the requisite service period. Compensation expense associated with the restricted shares issued to the independent directors was$30,$31 and$32 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $52 of unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested restricted shares, in the aggregate. The weighted average remaining period that compensation expense related to unvested restricted shares will be recognized is 1.41 years. The total fair value at the vesting date for restricted shares that vested during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $26.

A summary table of the status of the restricted shares granted under the RSP is presented below:

Note 12 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As discussed in Note 2, GAAP requires the disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not they are recognized at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The following table details the carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at the dates below:

The following describes the Company’s methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments:

•

The estimated fair values of restricted cash, cash and cash equivalents were based on the bank balance and was a Level 1 fair value measurement.

•

The estimated fair value of commercial mortgage loans, net is a Level 3 fair value measurement. The majority of the loans are floating rate and as such the interest rates on such loans reflect the current interest rate spreads. Additionally, since the loans have a short duration to maturity (0.6 years), are not delinquent or impaired (except forone loan impaired as of December 31, 2024 andtwo loans impaired as of December 31, 2023, for which an asset-specific CECL reserve has been recorded) and are expected to return to par, the Advisor determined the amortized cost, less allowance for credit losses, is the best estimate of fair value for all loans. The allowance for credit losses includes the analytical portion as well as the asset-specific component of the CECL reserve.

For the impaired loan as of December 31, 2024, the CECL reserve was recorded based on the expected proceeds from the loan. For the impaired loans as of December 31, 2023, the CECL reserve was recorded based on the Company’s estimation of the fair value of the loans’ aggregate underlying collateral as of December 31, 2023. These loans are therefore measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs and are classified as Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy. The Company estimated the fair value of these loans by considering a variety of inputs including property performance, market data, and comparable sales, as applicable. As of December 31, 2024, the significant unobservable input used is the expected loss based on a possible repayment amount that the Company has negotiated with the borrower. As of December 31, 2023, the significant unobservable input used is the exit capitalization rate assumption used to forecast the future sale price of the underlying real estate collateral, which ranged from 5.75% to 8.00%.

•

The estimated fair values of repurchase agreements – commercial mortgage loans, credit facility payable and loan participations sold are Level 3 fair value measurements based on expected present value techniques. This method discounts future estimated cash flows using rates the Company determined best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for repurchase agreements, credit facilities and loan participations sold with similar characteristics and credit quality. The carrying value of these instruments approximates fair value as the fair value of these instruments is not materially sensitive to shifts in market interest rates because of the floating interest rates on these instruments.

Note 13 – Real Estate Owned

Addison and Irving, Texas Acquisition

On July 2, 2024, the Company acquired legal title totwo office properties, one located in Addison, TX, and the other located in Irving, TX, through non-judicial foreclosure transactions. The properties previously collateralized a senior loan with an amortized cost basis of $24,411 that was risk rated 5 with a CECL reserve of $281 at the time of the acquisitions. The acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions under applicable GAAP guidance, and the Company intends to hold these properties as real estate held for use with the intent to eventually sell when the market improves. The properties were recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at $24,035 based on the estimated fair value at acquisition. The Company’s fair market value estimate was determined based on appraisals performed by an independent third-party appraiser. The acquisitions resulted in a CECL reserve charge-off of $855 during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company allocated the fair value of the assumed assets and liabilities on the acquisition date as follows:

Portland, Oregon Acquisition

On October 23, 2024, the Company acquired legal title to a multifamily property located in Portland, OR through a non-judicial foreclosure transaction. The property previously collateralized a senior loan with an amortized cost basis of $29,476 that was risk rated 5 with a CECL reserve of $9,884 at the time of the acquisition. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition under applicable GAAP guidance, and the Company intends to hold this property as real estate held for use with the intent to eventually sell when the market improves. The property was recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at $19,592 based on the estimated fair value at acquisition. The Company’s fair market value estimate was determined based on an appraisal performed by an independent third-party appraiser. The acquisition resulted in a CECL reserve charge-off of $9,577 during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company allocated the fair value of the assumed assets and liabilities on the acquisition date as follows:

Real Estate Owned

The following table presents the REO assets as of December 31, 2024:

The company heldno REO assets as of December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred $665 and $514 of depreciation expense, respectively.

Acquired Intangible Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the Company’s identified intangible assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024:

As of December 31, 2024, the weighted-average amortization period for the acquired in-place lease intangibles of the properties acquired during the year ended December 31, 2024 was 3.22 years.

Amortization pertaining to acquired in-place lease value, above-market lease value and below-market lease value is summarized below:

Estimated amortization of the respective intangible lease assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows:

Rental Revenue as a Lessor

The table below presents the future minimum lease payments to be received under non-cancelable operating leases, excluding tenant reimbursements of expenses, and assuming no expiring leases are renewed, as of December 31, 2024. Leases for the multifamily property are generally 12 months or less and are therefore excluded from the table below.

Disposition of Real Estate

On September 28, 2023, the Company sold the Renaissance O’Hare property for net proceeds of $11,942 and recorded a gain of $206 on the sale. During May 2023, the Company had recorded an impairment charge of $6,934, which is reflected in the provision for asset impairment on the consolidated statement of operations during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Note 14 – Leases

Prior to September 28, 2023, the Company was the lessee under one ground lease. The ground lease, which commenced on April 1, 1999, was assumed as part of the Renaissance O’Hare property acquired through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure transaction on August 20, 2020. The lease was classified as a finance lease.

Upon assumption of the lease on August 20, 2020, the Company recorded a lease liability of $16,827 and a ROU asset of $5,549 on its consolidated balance sheet. The lease liability was based on the present value of the ground lease’s future payments using an interest rate of 11.37%, which the Company considered reasonable and an estimate of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Upon the sale of the property on September 28, 2023 (see Note 13), the Company was no longer obligated under the ground lease.

For theyears ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, total finance lease cost recorded to real estate operating expenses on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations was comprised as follows:

Note 15 – Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through March 14, 2025, the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, and determined that there have not been any events that have occurred that would require adjustments to disclosures in the consolidated financial statements except for the following transactions:

Common Stock Distributions

On January 30, 2025, the Company announced that the Board authorized distributions to stockholders of record as of January 31, 2025, that the Company paid on or about February 18, 2025 for each class of its common stock in the amount per share set forth below:

On February 27, 2025, the Company announced that the Board authorized distributions to stockholders of record as of February 28, 2025, payable on or about March 18, 2025 for each class of its common stock in the amount per share set forth below:

Preferred Stock Distribution

On February 27, 2025, the Company announced that the Board authorized a distribution on its Series A Preferred Stock to stockholders of record as of March 15, 2025, payable on or about March 28, 2025 in the amount of $0.421875 per share.

Schedule IV – Mortgage Loans on Real Estate