EyePoint Pharmaceuticals Inc

Operations

EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its subsidiaries, the Company), is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company committed to developing and commercializing innovative therapeutics to help improve the lives of patients with serious retinal diseases. The Company's pipeline leverages its proprietary bioerodible Durasert E™ technology (Durasert E™) for sustained intraocular drug delivery. The Company’s lead product candidate, DURAVYU™, previously EYP-1901, is an investigational sustained delivery treatment for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) mediated retinal diseases combining vorolanib, a selective and patent-protected tyrosine kinase inhibitor with Durasert E™. DURAVYU™ is currently in Phase 3 global, pivotal clinical trials for wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD), the leading cause of vision loss among people 50 years of age and older in the United States and in Phase 2 clinical trials for diabetic macular edema (DME). Additional pipeline programs include EYP-2301, a promising TIE-2 agonist, razuprotafib, f/k/a AKB-9778, formulated in Durasert E™ to potentially improve outcomes in serious retinal diseases.

The Company plans to identify and advance additional product candidates through clinical and regulatory development for its pipeline. This may be accomplished through internal discovery efforts, research collaborations and/or in-licensing arrangements and potential acquisitions of additional products, product candidates or technologies.

Liquidity

The Company had cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities of $370.9 million at December 31, 2024. The Company has a history of operating losses and has not had significant recurring cash inflows from revenue. The Company’s operations have been financed primarily from sales of its equity securities, issuance of debt, and a combination of license fees, milestone payments, royalty income and other fees received from its collaboration partners. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur losses as it continues the research and development of its product candidates, and the Company does not expect revenues from its product sales to generate sufficient funding to sustain its operations in the near-term. The Company expects to continue fulfilling its funding needs through cash inflows from revenues, licensing and research collaboration transactions, additional equity capital raises and other arrangements. The Company believes that its cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities of $370.9 million at December 31, 2024, will enable the Company to fund its current and planned operations for at least the next twelve months from the date these consolidated financial statements were issued. Actual cash requirements could differ from management’s projections due to many factors, the timing and results of the Company’s clinical trials for DURAVYU™, additional investments in research and development programs, competing technological and market developments, and the costs of any strategic acquisitions, and/or development of complementary business opportunities.

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of EyePoint Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts and disclosure of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant management estimates and assumptions include, among others, those related to reserves for variable consideration related to product sales, revenue recognition for multiple-deliverable arrangements, recognition of expense in outsourced clinical trial agreements, recording of excess or obsolete inventory write-offs and reserves, and realization of deferred tax assets, and determining grant date fair value of stock options and other equity awards. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates and there may be changes to the Company’s estimates in future periods.

Foreign Currency

The functional currency of the Company and each of its subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment in which each such entity operates—the U.S. dollar or the Pound Sterling.

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiary are translated at period-end exchange rates. Amounts included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and cash flows are translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the period. Gains and losses from currency translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies, whether realized or unrealized, are recorded in interest and other income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and were not material for all periods presented.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase, principally consisting of institutional money market funds and investment-grade commercial paper and U.S. Treasury securities.

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of investments with an original or remaining maturity of greater than three months but less than one year at the date of purchase. The Company has historically classified its marketable securities as available-for-sale. Accordingly, the Company records these investments at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity. If the Company determines that a decline of any investment is other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to fair value. Marketable securities consisted of investment-grade commercial paper, U.S. Treasury securities, and U.S. Agency securities at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company’s investment policy, approved by the Board of Directors, includes guidelines relative to diversification and maturities designed to preserve principal and liquidity.

The fair value of marketable securities is determined based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet date of the same or similar instruments. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts through to the earlier of sale or maturity. Such amortization and accretion amounts are included in interest and other income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The cost of marketable securities sold is determined by the specific identification method.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities, and accounts receivable. The Company deposits its cash in financial institutions. At times, such deposits may be in excess of insured limits.

The Company’s investment policy, approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, includes guidelines relative to diversification and maturities designed to preserve principal and liquidity.

As of December 31, 2024, accounts receivable from ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ANI), formerly Alimera Sciences, Inc., accounted for 72.3% and accounts receivable from OncoSil Medical Ltd. accounted for 16.5% of total accounts receivable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, revenues from ANI accounted for 93.6% of total revenues.

As of December 31, 2023, accounts receivable from ANI and Ocumension Therapeutics accounted for 67.8% and 15.7% of total accounts receivable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenues from ANI and Besse Medical accounted for 73.2% and 17.2% of total revenues, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. The hierarchy below lists three levels of fair value based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. The Company categorizes each of its fair value measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

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Level 1 – Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets and liabilities.

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Level 2 – Inputs are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities with insufficient volume or infrequent transaction (less active markets).

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Level 3 – Inputs are unobservable estimates that are supported by little or no market activity and require the Company to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would price the assets or liabilities.

The Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 on the basis of valuations using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs, respectively. The marketable securities have been valued on the basis of valuations provided by third-party pricing services, as derived from such services’ pricing models. Inputs to the models may include, but are not limited to, reported trades, executable bid and ask prices, broker/dealer quotations, prices or yields of securities with similar characteristics, benchmark curves or information pertaining to the issuer, as well as industry and economic events. The pricing services may use a matrix approach, which considers information regarding securities with similar characteristics to determine the valuation for a security, and have been classified as Level 2.

The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of their short-term maturity.

Accounts and Other Receivables, Net

Receivables arise primarily from the Company’s products sold in the U.S. The balance in accounts and other receivables, net consists primarily of amounts due from customers, net of applicable revenue reserves. The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable have standard payment terms that require payment within 30-60 days. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and continuously monitor collections and payments from its customers and analyzes accounts that are past due for collectability. The allowance for credit losses is estimated based on the Company’s analysis of trends in overall receivables aging, specific identification of certain receivables that are at risk of not being paid, past collection experience and current economic trends. Given the nature and limited history of collectability of the Company’s accounts receivable, the Company recordedno allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, net on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis.

Capitalization of inventory costs begins after FDA approval of a product. Prior thereto, inventory costs of products and product candidates are recorded as research and development expense, even if this inventory may later be sold as commercial product.

The Company assesses the recoverability of inventory and writes down any excess and obsolete inventories to their estimated realizable value in the period in which the impairment is first identified. Write-downs are based on the age of the inventory, lower of cost or market, along with significant management judgments concerning future demands for the inventory. Such impairment charges, should they occur, are recorded within cost of sales. The determination of whether inventory costs will be realizable requires estimates by management. If actual market conditions are less favorable than management's projections, additional write-downs of inventory might be recorded in future periods.

Cost of sales consists of costs associated with the manufacture of YUTIQ® and DEXYCU®, certain period costs for DEXYCU® product revenue, product shipping, and, as applicable, royalty expense. The inventory costs for YUTIQ® include purchases of various components, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and direct labor and overhead for the product manufactured in the Company’s Watertown, Massachusetts facility. The inventory costs for DEXYCU® include purchased components, the API and third-party manufacturing and assembly. On November 1, 2022, the CMS published in the Federal Register the Calendar Year (CY) 2023 Medicare Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System and ASC Payment System Final Rule (Final Rule). The Final Rule terminated the pass-through related separate payment for DEXYCU, which was no longer separately reimbursed by Medicare as of January 1, 2023, when furnished in hospital outpatient departments and ASC settings. In connection with the change in CMS reimbursement rules on November 1, 2022, the Company recorded impairment charge of $0 and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, associated with the write-off of excess DEXYCU® units.

Debt and Equity Instruments

Debt and equity instruments are classified as either liabilities or equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives (generally three tofive years) using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining non-cancellable lease term or their estimated useful lives. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or sold, the assets and accumulated depreciation are derecognized from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is recognized.

Leases

The Company is a party totwo operating leases, the Company's headquarters in Watertown, Massachusetts, in which it leases office, laboratory, and manufacturing operations facilities and the Company's new standalone manufacturing facility, including office and lab space located at 600 Commerce Drive, Northbridge, Massachusetts (see Note 8).

The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Leases are recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as ROU assets, current lease liabilities and noncurrent lease liabilities. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. For this purpose, the Company considers only payments that are fixed and in-substance fixed at lease commencement. ROU assets may also be adjusted for items such as prepayments and lease incentives. The interest rate implicit in a lease contract is typically not readily determinable. As a result, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. For operating leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, amortization expense and interest expense are recognized over the lease term.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within the contract, determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Sales, value-add and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

Product sales, net — Effective January 2023, commercial sales of DEXYCU® were no longer supported by the Company, remaining available only through specialty distributors. Effective May 2023, YUTIQ® has been and continues to be sold under commercial supply agreements with Alimera Sciences, Inc. (Alimera) and Ocumension Therapeutics (Ocumension). On September 16, 2024, ANI announced the completion of the acquisition of Alimera. The acquisition does not impact the terms of the commercial supply agreements (see Note 3). The current supply agreement between the Company and ANI for the supply of YUTIQ® will not renew and, effective June 1, 2025, the Company will no longer be responsible for manufacturing of YUTIQ® for the U.S. market.

Reserves for variable consideration— Product sales were recorded at the wholesale acquisition costs, net of applicable reserves for variable consideration. Components of variable consideration included trade discounts and allowances, provider chargebacks and discounts, payor rebates, product returns, and other allowances that were offered within contracts between the Company and its Distributors, payors and other contracted purchasers relating to the Company’s product sales. These reserves were based on the amounts earned, or to be claimed on the related sales, and were classified either as reductions of product revenue and accounts receivable or a current liability, depending on how the amount was to be settled. Overall, these reserves reflected the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it was entitled based on the terms of the respective underlying contracts. The actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the estimates, the Company adjusts product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Distribution fees— The Company compensated its Distributors for services explicitly stated in the Company’s contracts and were recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product sale was recognized.

Provider chargebacks and discounts— Chargebacks were discounts that represented the estimated obligations resulting from contractual commitments to sell products at prices lower than the list prices charged to the Company’s Distributors. These Distributors charged the Company for the difference between what they paid for the product and the Company’s contracted selling price. These reserves were established in the same period that the related revenue was recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Reserves for chargebacks consisted of amounts that the Company expected to pay for units that remained in the distribution channel inventories at each reporting period-end that the Company expected to be sold under a contracted selling price, and chargebacks that Distributors had claimed, but for which the Company had not yet settled.

Government rebates— The Company was subject to discount obligations under state Medicaid programs and Medicare. These reserves were recorded in the same period the related revenue was recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s liability for these rebates consisted of invoices received for claims from prior quarters that had not been paid or for which an invoice had not yet been received, estimates of claims for the current quarter, and estimated future claims that would be made for product that had been recognized as revenue, but which remained in the distribution channel inventories at the end of each reporting period.

Payor rebates— The Company contracted with certain private payor organizations, primarily insurance companies, for the payment of rebates with respect to utilization of its products. The Company estimated these rebates and recorded such estimates in the same period the related revenue was recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability.

Co-Payment assistance— The Company offered co-payment assistance to commercially insured patients meeting certain eligibility requirements. The calculation of the accrual for co-pay assistance was based on an estimate of claims and the cost per claim that the Company expected to receive associated with product that had been recognized as revenue.

Product returns — The Company generally offered a limited right of return based on its returned goods policy, which included damaged product and remaining shelf life. The Company estimated the amount of its product sales that may be returned and recorded this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue was recognized, as well as reductions to trade receivables, net on the consolidated balance sheets.

License and collaboration agreement revenue — The Company analyzes each element of its license and collaboration arrangements to determine the appropriate revenue recognition. The terms of the license agreement may include payment to the Company of non-refundable upfront license fees, milestone payments if specified objectives are achieved, and/or royalties on product sales. The Company recognizes revenue from upfront payments at a point in time, typically upon fulfilling the delivery of the associated intellectual property to the customer. For licenses that are combined with other promises, the Company determines whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time, when (or as) the associated performance obligation in the contract is satisfied.

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

The Company recognizes sales-based milestone payments as revenue upon the achievement of the cumulative sales amount specified in the contract in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-65. For those milestone payments which are contingent on the occurrence of particular future events, the Company determines that these need to be considered for inclusion in the calculation of total consideration from the contract as a component of variable consideration using the most-likely amount method. As such, the Company assesses each milestone to determine the probability and substance behind achieving each milestone. Given the inherent uncertainty associated with these future events, the Company will not recognize revenue from such milestones until there is a high probability of occurrence, which typically occurs near or upon achievement of the event.

When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-32-18, the Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, nor during the respective years then ended.

Royalties — The Company recognizes revenue from license arrangements with its commercial partners’ net sales of products. Such revenues are included as royalty income. In accordance with ASC 606-10-55-65, royalties are recognized when the subsequent sale of the commercial partner’s products occurs. The Company’s commercial partners are obligated to report their net product sales and the resulting royalty due to the Company typically within 60-days from the end of each quarter. Based on historical product sales, royalty receipts, and other relevant information, the Company recognizes royalty income each quarter and subsequently determines a true-up when it receives royalty reports and payment from its commercial partners. Historically, these true-up adjustments have been immaterial.

Sale of Future Royalties — The Company has sold its rights to receive certain royalties on product sales. In the circumstance where the Company has sold its rights to future royalties under a royalty purchase agreement (RPA) and also maintains limited continuing involvement in the arrangement (but not significant continuing involvement in the generation of the cash flows that are due to the purchaser), the Company defers recognition of the proceeds it receives for the sale of royalty streams and recognizes such unearned revenue as revenue under the units-of-revenue method over the life of the underlying license agreement. Under the units-of-revenue method, amortization for a reporting period is calculated by computing a ratio of the proceeds received from the purchaser to the total payments expected to be made to the purchaser over the term of the agreement, and then applying that ratio to the period’s cash payment.

Estimating the total payments expected to be received by the purchaser over the term of such arrangements requires management to use subjective estimates and assumptions. Changes to the Company’s estimate of the payments expected to be made to the purchaser over the term of such arrangements could have a material effect on the amount of revenues recognized in any particular period.

Research Collaborations— The Company recognizes revenue over the term of the statements of work under any funded research collaborations. Revenue recognition for consideration, if any, related to a license option right is assessed based on the terms of any such future license agreement or is otherwise recognized at the completion of the research collaborations.

Please refer to Note 3 for further details on the license and collaboration agreements into which the Company has entered and corresponding amounts of revenue recognized during the current and prior year periods.

Cost of sales— Cost of sales consist of costs associated with the manufacture of YUTIQ® and DEXYCU®, certain period costs for DEXYCU® product revenue, product shipping, and as applicable, royalty expense.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, DEXYCU®product revenue-based royalty expense as a component of cost of sales was immaterial.

Please refer to Note 3 for further details on the license and collaboration agreements into which the Company has entered and corresponding amounts of revenue recognized during the current and prior year periods.

Deferred Revenue

Amounts received prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amounts not expected to be recognized within one year following the balance sheet date are classified as non-current deferred revenue.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. These costs include all direct costs, including cash and stock-based compensation and benefits for research, clinical development, quality assurance, quality control, operations and medical affairs personnel, third-party costs and services for clinical trials, clinical materials, pre-clinical programs, regulatory and medical affairs, external consultants, and other operational costs related to the Company’s research and development of its product candidates.

The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research and development costs, including costs with respect to outsourced agreements for clinical trials with contract research organizations (CROs). When recording these prepaid and accrued expenses, the Company analyzes progress of the studies, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received, payments made, contracted costs, communications with third-party vendors, and internal tracking of the work performed to date. Judgments and estimates are made in determining the prepaid and accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Payments made in advance of services provided are recorded as prepaid research and development costs and recognized as expense in the period the expense is incurred. In determining the prepaid and accrued balances, management makes its assessments of the services performed based on various factors, including reporting from third-party CROs and internal tracking of work performed during the period, which are subject to management’s judgment. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation cost related to share-based payment awards is based on the fair value of the instrument on the grant date and is recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of the awards.

The Company may also grant share-based payment awards that are subject to objectively measurable performance and service criteria. Compensation expense for performance-based awards begins at such time as it becomes probable that the respective performance conditions will be achieved. The Company continues to recognize the grant date fair value of performance-based awards through the vesting date of the respective awards so long as it remains probable that the related performance conditions will be satisfied.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the fair value of performance stock units, restricted stock units, and deferred stock units based on the observed grant date fair value of the underlying common stock.

Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For periods in which the Company reports net income, diluted net income per share is determined by adding to the basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding the total number of dilutive common equivalent shares using the treasury stock method, unless the effect is anti-dilutive.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss, foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities.

Income Tax

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for the expected future impact of differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and for the expected future benefit to be derived from tax credits and loss carry forwards. Such deferred income tax computations are measured based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the years in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided against net deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If it is not more likely than not that a position will be sustained, none of the benefit attributable to the position is recognized. The tax benefit to be recognized for any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of the uncertainty. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of its income tax provision.

Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

New accounting pronouncements are issued periodically by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective dates. Unless otherwise disclosed below, the Company believes that recently issued and adopted pronouncements will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows or do not apply to the Company’s operations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU was issued to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2024.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09—Income Taxes(Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU was issued to address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosure primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information, and to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of its fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03—Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 address investor requests for more detailed expense information and require additional disaggregated disclosures in the notes to financial statements for certain categories of expenses that are included on the face of the income statement. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

Product Revenue Reserves and Allowances

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s product revenues were primarily from the Company’s existing commercial supply agreements with ANI and Ocumension. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s product revenues were made up of $3.1 million and $14.2 million, respectively, from the sales of YUTIQ®. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s product revenues from the sales of DEXYCU® were immaterial.

The following table summarizes activity in each of the product revenue allowance and reserve categories for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Chargebacks, discounts and fees, and rebates are recorded as a component of accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 7).

License and Collaboration Agreements and Royalty Income

Eyebiotech Limited

On May 17, 2024, the Company entered into a license agreement (the Eyebio License Agreement) with Eyebiotech Limited (Eyebio). Under this agreement, the Company granted Eyebio a non-exclusive, sublicensable, assignable license to certain patent rights to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and export licensed products for therapeutic ophthalmological uses worldwide.

In consideration for the rights granted, Eyebio made a one-time upfront payment of $0.5 million to the Company upon execution of the Eyebio License Agreement. Additionally, Eyebio agreed to pay certain milestone payments and tiered royalties based on the achievement of development and regulatory milestones and the annual net sales of licensed products, respectively.

The Company classified the cash proceeds of the $0.5 million upfront payment received from Eyebio as license and collaboration revenue upon the execution of the Eyebio License Agreement, as this was the only performance obligation identified. This amount is not an advance payment for the provision of future goods or services and is included in the current transaction price. The non-exclusive, sublicensable, assignable license is a functional, right-to-use license, and, therefore, any consideration associated with it is recognized at a point in time.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $0.5 million in license and collaboration revenue related to the upfront payment.

On July 12, 2024, Merck & Co., Inc. announced the completion of the acquisition of Eyebio. Eyebio is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. The acquisition does not materially impact the terms of the Eyebio License Agreement.

ANI Product Rights Agreement and Commercial Supply Agreement

On May 17, 2023 (the Closing Date), the Company entered into a PRA with ANI (formerly Alimera). Under the PRA, the Company granted to ANI an exclusive and sublicensable right and license (the License) under the Company’s and its affiliates’ interest in certain of the Company’s and its affiliates’ intellectual property to develop, manufacture, sell, commercialize, and otherwise exploit certain products, including YUTIQ®, for the treatment and prevention of uveitis in the entire world except Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA).

Additionally, pursuant to the PRA, the Company transferred and assigned to ANI certain assets (the Transferred Assets) and certain contracts with third parties related to YUTIQ®, including the new drug application for YUTIQ® (collectively, the Asset Transfer). Pursuant to the PRA, ANI paid the Company a $75.0 million upfront payment. ANI made four quarterly payments of $1.875 million to the Company totaling $7.5 million during 2024. ANI will also pay royalties to the Company from 2025 to 2028 at a percentage of low-to-mid double digits of ANI’s related U.S. annual net sales of certain products (including YUTIQ®) in excess of certain thresholds, beginning at $70 million in 2025, and increasing annually thereafter. Upon ANI’s payment of the Upfront Payment and the 2024 quarterly payments, the licenses and rights granted to ANI will automatically become perpetual and irrevocable. Payments received from ANI are non-refundable.

On the Closing Date, the Company and ANI also entered into a commercial supply agreement (CSA), pursuant to which, during the term of the PRA, the Company agreed to manufacture and exclusively supply to ANI agreed-upon quantities of YUTIQ® necessary for ANI to commercialize YUTIQ® in the United States at certain cost plus amounts, subject to adjustments and potential extensions and terminations set forth in the CSA (the Supply Transaction and together with the License and the Asset Transfer, the Transaction). The current supply agreement between the Company and ANI for the supply of YUTIQ® will not renew and, effective June 1, 2025, the Company will no longer be responsible for manufacturing of YUTIQ® for the U.S. market.

The Company classified the cash proceeds of the $75.0 million Upfront Payment received from ANI as deferred revenue at the Closing Date, pursuant to the PRA and the CSA because the License and supply units to be delivered under both agreements comprise a single, combined performance obligation as ANI will not have the right or ability to manufacture YUTIQ® (or have YUTIQ® manufactured by a third-party contract manufacturing organization) over the initialtwo-year term pursuant to the CSA. The combined performance obligation is satisfied over time using the units delivered output method to measure progress based on initial estimated supply units of YUTIQ® over thetwo-year term for purposes of recognizing revenue, such that revenue is recognized based on the value transferred in the form of units of product in the satisfaction of a performance obligation. Through this method, the Company compares the actual units delivered to date with the current estimated total to be delivered in the contractual term to measure the satisfaction of the performance obligation and recognize revenue. The Company will monitor its estimate of total units to be delivered to determine if an adjustment is needed to ensure that revenue is recognized proportionally for units delivered to date relative to the total units expected to be delivered for the combined performance obligation. Such estimates of the total delivery will be reassessed on an ongoing basis. If the Company determines that a change in estimate is necessary, it will adjust revenue using a cumulative catch-up method.

Revenue from sales of product supply to ANI under the CSA was $2.6 million and $2.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. License and Collaboration revenue related to the PRA was $37.1 million and $29.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. License and collaboration revenue, related to additional transitional services was $0.7 million and $1.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $15.9 million and $0 as current and non-current deferred revenue recognized under the PRA.

SWK Royalty Purchase Agreement

On December 17, 2020 the Company entered into a royalty purchase agreement (RPA) with SWK Funding LLC (SWK). Pursuant to the RPA, the Company sold its right to receive royalty payments on future sales of products subject to a licensing and development agreement, as amended, with ANI (the Amended ANI Agreement) for an upfront cash payment of $16.5 million. The Company classified the proceeds received from SWK as deferred revenue at inception of the RPA and is recognizing revenue as royalty payments are made from ANI to SWK. The Company recognized $1.1 million and $1.0 million of royalty revenue related to the RPA for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company classified $1.8 million and $10.9 million as current and non-current deferred revenue recognized under the RPA, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company classified $1.4 million and $12.4 million as current and non-current deferred revenue recognized under the RPA, respectively.

Ocumension Therapeutics

The Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement on November 2, 2018, as amended by a Memorandum of Understanding dated March 1, 2019, a Memorandum of Understanding dated August 18, 2020, a Supply and Quality Agreement on February 19, 2019 and a Memorandum of Understanding on August 26, 2024. Pursuant to the license agreement and Memorandum of Understanding signed with the Company, Ocumension has:

•

An exclusive license for the development and commercialization of its three-year micro insert using the Durasert® technology for the treatment of posterior segment uveitis of the eye (YUTIQ® in the U.S.) in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan at its own cost and expense in return for royalties based on sales with the Company supplying products for clinical trials and commercial sale;

•

An exclusive license for the development and commercialization in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan of DEXYCU® for the treatment of post-operative inflammation following ocular surgery at its own cost and expense in return for royalties based on sales with the Company supplying product for clinical trials and commercial sale; and

•

Exclusive rights to develop and commercialize YUTIQ® and DEXYCU® products under its own brand names in South Korea and other jurisdictions across Southeast Asia in Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam (the Territory), at its own cost and expense in return for royalties based on sales with the Company supplying product for clinical trials and commercial sale.

•

The right and obligation to manufacture YUTIQ®, either by itself or through affiliates or sub-contractors, for sale and use in the Territory following completion of a technology and know-how transfer from the Company to Ocumension.

During both years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.5 million of revenue from sales of product supply to Ocumension under the supply agreement and recorded this amount in product sales, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recognized approximately $0.1 million, of license and collaboration revenue related to additional technical assistance during both years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company also recorded royalty income of $0.5 million and $0 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Exclusive License Agreement with Betta Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd.

On May 2, 2022, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement (the Betta License Agreement) with Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (Betta), an affiliate of Equinox Sciences, LLC (Equinox) (see Note 11). Under the Betta License Agreement, the Company granted to Betta an exclusive, sublicensable, royalty-bearing license under certain of the Company’s intellectual property to develop, use (but not make or have made), sell, offer for sale and import the Company’s product candidate, DURAVYU™, an investigational sustained delivery treatment for anti-VEGF-mediated retinal diseases combining vorolanib, a selective and patent-protected tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with Durasert E™ (the Licensed Product), in the field of ophthalmology (the Betta Field) in the greater area of China, including China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan (the Betta Territory). The Company retained rights under the Company’s intellectual property to, among other things, conduct clinical trials on the Licensed Product in the Betta Field in the Betta Territory.

In consideration for the rights granted by the Company, Betta agreed to pay the Company tiered, mid-to-high single-digit royalties based upon annual net sales of Licensed Products in the Betta Territory. The royalties are payable on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product and region-by-region basis commencing on the first commercial sale of a Licensed Product in a region and continuing until the later of (i) the date that is twelve (12) years after first commercial sale of such Licensed Product in such region, and (ii) the first day of the month following the month in which a generic product corresponding to such Licensed Product is launched in the relevant region. The royalty rate is subject to reduction under certain circumstances, including when there is no valid claim of a licensed patent that covers a Licensed Product in a particular region.

Betta is responsible for all costs relating to development, registration, manufacturing, marketing, advertising, promotional, launch, and sales activities in connection with the Licensed Products in the Betta Field in the Betta Territory. Betta is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop, seek regulatory approval for, and commercialize at least one Licensed Product in the Betta Field in the Betta Territory. The Betta License Agreement also requires Betta to achieve certain diligence milestones relating to regulatory filings, patient dosing, and regulatory approval by certain specified deadlines set forth in the Betta License Agreement, subject to certain exceptions and extensions as set forth in the Betta License Agreement. Betta’s development activities will be conducted pursuant to a development plan subject to periodic updates. In the event that the Company conducts a global registrational clinical trial for a Licensed Product in the Betta Field, Betta will have the right to participate in such clinical trial by including clinical trial sites in the Betta Territory in accordance with the terms of the Betta License Agreement. The Company has also agreed to provide certain technology transfer and other support services to Betta subject to certain conditions and limitations set forth in the Betta License Agreement.

The Company recordedno revenue from product sales, license and collaboration revenue, or royalty income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, related to this agreement.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2024 the Company had $5.4 million of prepaid clinical expense included in other assets on its consolidated balance sheets.

Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation expense totaled $1.5 million and $0.5 million in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

Leases

On March 8, 2022, the Company amended the lease for its headquarters in Watertown, Massachusetts totaling 21,649 square feet (i) to extend the term to May 31, 2028, for 13,650 square feet of laboratory and manufacturing operations space, with the landlord agreeing to provide the Company a construction allowance of up to $0.7 million to be applied toward upgrades and improvements within the space; (ii) to rent an additional 11,999 square feet of office space within the building through May 31, 2028 (New Premises); and (iii) to terminate a portion of the lease comprising 7,999 square feet of office space in the building in accordance with its existing contractual term on May 31, 2025. The amendment also reinstated the Company’s right to extend the lease for the space it occupies after May 31, 2025, forone additional period offive years. Rent for the extension period would be at the fair market rent for comparable space in comparable properties in the Watertown area. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company recognized a $2.9 million increase to its lease liabilities and right-of-use (ROU) assets resulting from the lease amendment for the term extension of the laboratory and manufacturing operations space.

The lease for the New Premises commenced during the third quarter of 2022. The Company occupied the New Premises when the landlord substantially completed its construction for the space, after which the Company’s obligation to pay base rent began. The Company recognized an increase of $1.6 million to its lease liabilities and $1.7 million to its ROU assets resulting from the lease for the New Premises.

The Company previously provided a cash-collateralized $0.2 million irrevocable standby letter of credit as security for the Company’s obligations under the lease, which will remain in effect through the period that is four months beyond the expiration date of the amended lease. The Company will also be required to pay its proportionate share of certain operating costs and property taxes applicable to the leased premises in excess of new base year amounts.

On January 23, 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement (Northbridge Lease) for its new standalone commercial manufacturing facility, including office and lab space located at 600 Commerce Drive, Northbridge, Massachusetts. The new 41,141 square-foot manufacturing facility is Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) compliant to meet U.S. FDA and European Medicines Agency (EMA) standards to support DURAVYU™ clinical supply and commercial readiness upon regulatory approval. In addition, the building has the capacity and capabilities for pipeline expansion. The lease includes a non-cancellable lease term offifteen years and four months, with two options to extend the lease term for two additional terms of either five years orten years at 95% of the then-prevailing fair market rent. The lease term, under ASC 842, commenced during the second quarter of 2024. The Company entered into an amendment to the Northbridge Lease, effective September 30, 2024. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company's obligation to pay base rent began on March 1, 2025. The Company is responsible for real estate taxes, maintenance, and other operating expenses applicable to the leased premises. The Company recognized an initial increase of $17.7 million to its lease liabilities and $17.9 million to its right-of-use (ROU) assets resulting from the Northbridge Lease during the second quarter of 2024.

Since the Company elected to account for each lease component and its associated non-lease components as a single combined component, all contract consideration was allocated to the respective lease components. The expected lease terms include non-cancellable lease periods. Renewal option periods have not been included in the determination of the lease terms as they are not deemed reasonably certain of exercise. Variable lease payments, such as common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and property insurance are not included in the determination of the lease’s ROU asset or lease liability.

As of December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases was 12.6 years and the weighted average discount rate was 11.63%.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is as follows (in thousands):

The elements of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $1.2 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company’s total future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases at December 31, 2024, were as follows (in thousands):

Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Financings

Common Stock Offerings

In October 2024, the Company sold 14,636,363 shares of its common stock in an underwritten public offering at a price of $11.00 per share, including the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase an additional 1,909,090 shares of common stock. The gross proceeds of the offering to the Company were approximately $161.0 million. Underwriter discounts and commissions and other share issue costs totaled approximately $10.2 million.

In December 2023, the Company sold 13,529,411 shares of its common stock in an underwritten public offering at a price of $17.00 per share, including the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase an additional 1,764,705 shares of common stock. The gross proceeds of the offering to the Company were approximately $230.0 million. Underwriter discounts and commissions and other share issue costs totaled approximately $14.6 million.

ATM Facility

In August 2020, the Company entered into an at-the-market facility (the ATM Facility) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co (Cantor). Pursuant to the ATM Facility, the Company may, at its option, offer and sell shares of its common stock from time to time, through or to Cantor, acting as sales agent. The Company will pay Cantor a commission of 3.0% of the gross proceeds from any future sales of such shares.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 1,299,506 shares of its common stock under the ATM facility at a weighted average price of $9.36 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $12.2 million. Share issue costs, including sales agent commissions, totaled approximately $0.4 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold 902,769 shares of its common stock under the ATM Facility at a weighted average price of $11.05 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $10.0 million. Share issue costs, including sales agent commissions, totaled approximately $0.4 million.

Warrants to Purchase Common Shares

Pursuant to a credit agreement, the Company issued a warrant to SWK to purchase (i)40,910 shares of the Company’s common stock on March 28, 2018, at an exercise price of $11.00 per share with aseven-year term and (ii)7,773 sharesof the Company’s common stock on June 26, 2018, at an exercise price of $19.30 per share with aseven-year term. The weighted average exercise price for the warrants as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $12.33 per share. At December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining life of the warrant was approximately 1.28 years.

In January 2024, SWK exercised their warrants in full via cashless exercise resulting in the net share issuance of 25,666 shares.

The Company issued 3,272,727 shares of Pre-Funded Warrants (PFW) to purchase common stock, in connection with the November 2021 underwritten public offering. On April 18, 2024,2,181,818 PFWs were exercised in full as a cashless exercise, resulting in a net issuance of 2,180,776 shares of common stock.

As of December 31, 2024 1,090,909 PFWs were outstanding. The PFWs were included in the basic and diluted net loss per share calculation during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Share-Based Payment Awards

Equity Incentive Plans

Prior to June 20, 2024, the Company had authorized the issuance of 9,400,000 shares of the Company's common stock under the 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the 2016 Plan), of which 373,256 shares remained available for future grants.

The 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”), approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 20, 2023 (the “Adoption Date”), originally provided for the issuance of up to 3,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the 2023 Plan plus any additional shares of the Company’s common stock that were available for grant under the 2008 and the 2016 Incentive Plan (the “2008 & 2016 Plan”) at the Adoption Date or would otherwise become available for grant under the 2008 Plan as a result of subsequent termination or forfeiture of awards under the 2008 or 2016 Plan. At the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 20, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2023 Plan to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance by 4,000,000 shares. At December 31, 2024, a total of approximately 4,346,431 shares were available for new awards under the 2023 Plan.

Starting March 2022, the Company granted non-statutory stock options to new employees as inducement awards to enter into employment with the Company. The grants were approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and awarded in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). Although not awarded under any equity incentive plans, the grants are subject to and governed by the terms and conditions of the applicable plan in effect at the time of the grant.

Stock Options

The following table provides a reconciliation of stock option activity under the Company’s equity incentive plan and for inducement awards for the year ended December 31, 2024:

The Company's stock options generally vest over four years with 25% vesting after one year of service followed by ratable monthly vesting over the remaining three years. Nonemployee awards are granted similar to the Company’s employee awards. All option grants have a 10-year term. Options to purchase a total of 2,150,650 shares of the Company’s common stock vested during the year ended December 31, 2024.

In determining the grant date fair value of option awards during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company applied the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following key assumptions:

The following table summarizes information about employee, non-executive director and external consultant stock options for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands except per share amounts):

Time-Vested Restricted Stock Units

Time-vested restricted stock units (RSUs) issued to date under the 2016 Plan and the 2023 Plan generally vest on a ratable annual basis over three years. The related stock-based compensation expense is recorded over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. The fair value of all time-vested RSUs is based on the closing share price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

The following table provides a reconciliation of RSU activity under the 2016 Plan and the 2023 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2024:

At December 31, 2024, the weighted average remaining vesting term of the RSUs was 1.52 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ESPP) allows qualified participants to purchase the Company’s common stock twice a year at 85% of the lesser of the average of the high and low sales price of the Company’s common stock on (i) the first trading day of the relevant offering period and (ii) the last trading day of the relevant offering period. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock each employee may purchase under this plan, when combined with all other employee stock purchase plans, is limited to the lower of an aggregate fair market value of $25,000 during each calendar year, or 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in any one offering period. The Company has maintained consecutive six-month offering periods since August 1, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2024,49,896 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued pursuant to the ESPP.

The Company estimated the fair value of the option component of the ESPP shares at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes valuation model. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the compensation expense from ESPP shares was $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss included total compensation expense from stock-based payment awards for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as follows (in thousands):

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company modified certain stock options and restricted stock awards in connection with the termination of executives resulting in incremental compensation expense of $5.2 million.

At December 31, 2024, there was approximately $23.1 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding equity awards under the 2023 Plan, the 2016 Plan, the inducement awards and the ESPP that is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted average period of approximately 1.71 years.

License and Asset Purchase Agreements

Equinox Science, LLC

In February 2020, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the Equinox License Agreement) with Equinox, pursuant to which Equinox granted the Company an exclusive, sublicensable, royalty-bearing right and license to certain patents and other Equinox intellectual property to research, develop, make, have made, use, sell, offer for sale and import the compound vorolanib and any pharmaceutical products comprising the compound for local delivery to the eye for the prevention or treatment of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion using the Company’s proprietary localized delivery technologies (the Original Field), in each case, throughout the world except China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau (the Company Territory).

In consideration for the rights granted by Equinox, the Company (i) made a one time, non-refundable, non-creditable upfront cash payment of $1.0 million to Equinox in February 2020, and (ii) agreed to pay milestone payments totaling up to $50.0 million upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestones, consisting of (a) completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial for the compound or a licensed product, (b) the filing of a new drug application or foreign equivalent for the compound or a licensed product in the United States, European Union, or United Kingdom and (c) regulatory approval of the compound or a licensed product in the United States, European Union, or United Kingdom.

The Company also agreed to pay Equinox tiered royalties based upon annual net sales of licensed products in the Company Territory. The royalties are payable with respect to a licensed product in a particular country in the Company Territory on a country-by-country and licensed product-by-licensed product basis until the later of (i) twelve years after the first commercial sale of such licensed product in such country and (ii) the first day of the month following the month in which a generic product corresponding to such licensed product is launched in such country. The royalty rates range from the high-single digits to low-double digits depending on the level of annual net sales. The royalty rates are subject to reduction during certain periods when there is no valid patent claim that covers a licensed product in a particular country.

On May 2, 2022, concurrent with the Company entering into the Betta License Agreement (see Note 3), the Company entered into Amendment #1 to the Equinox License Agreement, pursuant to which the Original Field was expanded to cover the prevention or treatment of ophthalmology indications using the Company’s proprietary localized delivery technologies and certain conforming changes were made to the Equinox License Agreement in connection therewith.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $5.0 million of R&D expenses in connection with the milestone payment for completion of a Phase 2 clinical trial for the compound or a licensed product under the Equinox License Agreement. No R&D expense was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023 related to the Equinox License Agreement.

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets by significant categories carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, by valuation hierarchy (in thousands):

At December 31, 2024, a total of $95.9 million or 100% of the Company’s interest-bearing cash equivalent balances were concentrated in one institutional money market fund that has investments consisting primarily of Repurchase Agreements, U.S Treasuries, and U.S. Government Agency Debts.

At December 31, 2023, a total of $270.5 million or 98.2% of the Company’s interest-bearing cash equivalent balances were concentrated in one institutional money market fund that has investments consisting primarily of Repurchase Agreements, U.S Treasuries, and U.S. Government Agency Debts. The Company had $5.0 million or 1.8% of the Company's interest-bearing cash equivalent balance which consisted of investment-grade Commercial paper and investment-grade U.S. Treasury securities at December 31, 2023.

Retirement Plans

The Company operates a defined contribution plan intended to qualify under Section 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Participating U.S. employees may contribute a portion of their pre-tax compensation, as defined, subject to statutory maximums. The Company matches employee contributions up to 6% of eligible compensation, subject to a stated calendar year Internal Revenue Service maximum.

The Company contributed a total of $1.4 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in connection with these retirement plans.

Income Taxes

The components of loss before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:

The significant components of deferred income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

Beginning in 2022, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) eliminated the option to deduct research and development expenditures in the current year and requires taxpayers to amortize them over five or fifteen years pursuant to IRC Section 174. During 2024 and 2023, the Company capitalized $113.9 million and $57.2 million of research and development expenditures, respectively.

The valuation allowance generally reflects limitations on the Company’s ability to use the tax attributes and reduces the value of such attributes to the more-likely-than-not realizable amount. Management assessed the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient taxable income will be generated to use the existing net deferred tax assets. Based on a weighting of the objectively verifiable negative evidence in the form of cumulative operating losses over the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, management believes that it is not more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized and, accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established. The valuation allowance increased $39.0 million and $21.6 millionfor the years ended

December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with such increases attributed to the re-measurement of the net deferred tax assets at the year-end dates.

The Company has tax net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards in its individual tax jurisdictions. Including approximately $49.3 million related to our 2018 acquisition of Icon Bioscience, Inc. at December 31, 2024, the Company had U.S. federal net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $369.5 million. The net operating losses consist of $151.8 million, which expire at various dates between calendar years 2024 and 2039. The utilization of certain of these loss and tax credit carry forwards may be limited by Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code as a result of historical or future changes in the Company’s ownership. At December 31, 2024, the Company had state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $326.0 million, which expire between 2033 and 2040, as well as U.S. federal and state research and development tax credit carry forwards of approximately $10.7 million, which expire at various dates between calendar years 2024 and 2040. In addition, at December 31, 2024, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards in the UK of £20.9 million (approximately $25.3 million), which are not subject to any expiration dates.

The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for calendar years 2007 through 2023 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company’s UK tax returns for fiscal years 2006 through 2021 remain subject to examination.

Through December 31, 2024, the Company hadno unrecognized tax benefits in its consolidated statements of comprehensive loss andno unrecognized tax benefits in its consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company hadno accrued penalties or interest related to uncertain tax positions.

Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to various routine legal proceedings and claims incidental to its business, which management believes will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

U.S. Department of Justice Subpoena

In August 2022, the Company received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Massachusetts (DOJ) seeking production of documents related to sales, marketing and promotional practices, including as pertain to DEXYCU® (DOJ Subpoena). The Company is cooperating fully with the government in connection with this matter. At this time, the Company is unable to predict the duration, scope or outcome of this matter or whether it could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

Segment and Geographic Area Information

Business Segment

The Company operates inone business segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing innovative ophthalmic products for the treatment of eye diseases. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company's CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM made such decisions and assessed performance at the Company level, as one segment.

Significant segment expenses are as follows (in thousands):

Geographic Area Information

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues and long-lived assets, net by geographic area (in thousands):

17. Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For periods in which the Company reports net income, diluted net income per share is determined by adding to the basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding the total number of dilutive common equivalent shares using the treasury stock method, unless the effect is anti-dilutive.

Common stock equivalents excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive were as follows:

Related Party Transactions

On May 17, 2024, the Company executed the Eyebio License Agreement with Eyebio. The Chief Executive Officer (David Guyer) and Chief Scientific Officer (Anthony Adamis) of Eyebio were members of the Company’s board of directors when the agreement was executed. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $0.5 millionin license and collaboration revenue in connection with the upfront payment pursuant to the Eyebio License Agreement. On September 3, 2024, Adamis and Guyer resigned from their positions as directors on the Company’s Board due to their transition to full-time roles at Merck & Co.

On December 18, 2023, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Dr. John Landis who also serves as the Company's Chair of the Science Committee and a member of the board of directors. Pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement, Dr. Landis is entitled to receive an annual compensation payment of up to $0.6 million in exchange for performing certain research and development services as the Company's interim head of development. On January 5, 2024, pursuant to the consulting agreement, the Company granted Dr. Landis (i) stock options to purchase 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and (ii)10,000 of restricted stock units. All equity grants to Dr. Landis vest afterone year. He also received the Board stock option award to purchase 25,014 shares of the Company’s common stock. The compensation expense related to the consulting agreement recognized by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023 was immaterial. The compensation expense related to the consulting agreement recognized by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $0.4 million. Services under this agreement concluded during the second quarter of 2024.

Nancy S. Lurker, the former Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice Chair of the Company and current Vice Chair of the Board is a member of the board of directors of Altasciences, the parent company of Calvert Laboratories, Inc. (Calvert Labs), an entity with which the Company conducts business. The Company recorded $1.5 million and $1.9 million of research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive loss related to preclinical and analytical services provided by Altasciences for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, the Company recorded accounts payable of $0.4 million and $0.3 million, and prepaid expenses of $0.2 million and $0.5 million in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets related to services provided by Altasciences, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.