Wave Life Sciences Ltd

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors

Wave Life Sciences Ltd.:

Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Wave Life Sciences Ltd. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, Series A preferred shares and shareholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Evaluation of revenue recognition for certain research and development services

As discussed in Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company is party to a collaboration agreement with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) which has two performance obligations, including the promise to provide research and development (R&D) services. The Company recognizes R&D services revenue over time using an input method. This method measures progress based on costs incurred in relation to the R&D activities and the costs expected to be incurred in the future to satisfy each performance obligation. Amounts received by the Company before performance are recorded as deferred revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized over-time revenue under the GSK collaboration agreement of $37.0 million. In addition, as of December 31, 2024, a portion of the Company’s current and long-term deferred revenue relates to R&D services.

We identified the evaluation of revenue recognition for certain R&D services as a critical audit matter. Specifically, evaluating the estimate of total costs expected to be incurred in satisfying certain R&D performance obligations required especially challenging auditor judgment. This involved an assessment of the nature of work to be performed and the method for measuring progress.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. For a selection of R&D performance obligations, we read the underlying contract with the customer, evaluated the determination of the method for measuring progress, and tested the Company’s estimate of total contract costs to be incurred by (1) comparing the Company’s initial estimates to actual costs incurred to assess the Company’s ability to estimate accurately, (2) inspecting underlying documentation and third-party evidence and comparing them to management’s assumptions and inputs, (3) inquiring of R&D personnel of the Company to evaluate factors related to the nature of the work to be performed and their impact on the total contract costs to be incurred, including progress to date and the estimate of remaining contract costs, and (4) assessing the Company’s history of estimating costs to be incurred in satisfying R&D performance obligations under similar contracts.

/s/KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.

Boston, Massachusetts

March 4, 2025