Easterly Government Properties Inc

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Easterly Government Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (the “Code”), commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2015. The operations of the Company are carried out primarily through Easterly Government Properties, LP (the “Operating Partnership”) and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. As used herein, the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Easterly Government Properties, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and partnerships, including the Operating Partnership, except where context otherwise requires.

We are an internally managed REIT, focused primarily on the acquisition, development, and management of Class A commercial properties that are leased to U.S. Government agencies that serve essential functions. We generate over 90% of our revenue by leasing our properties to such agencies either directly or through the U.S. General Services Administration (“GSA”). Our objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders over the long term through dividends and capital appreciation.

We focus on acquiring, developing and managing U.S. Government-leased properties that are essential to supporting the mission of the tenant agency and strive to be a partner of choice for the U.S. Government, working closely with the tenant agency to meet its needs and objectives. We may also consider other potential opportunities to add properties to our portfolio, including acquiring properties leased to state and local governments with strong creditworthiness and other opportunities that directly or indirectly support the mission of select government agencies. As of December 31, 2024, we wholly owned 90 operating properties andten operating properties through an unconsolidated joint venture (the “JV”) in the United States encompassing approximately 9.7 million leased square feet, including 92 operating properties that were leased primarily to U.S. Government tenant agencies, four operating properties leased to tenant agencies of a U.S. state or local government andthree operating properties that were entirely leased to private tenants. As of December 31, 2024, our operating properties were 97% leased. For purposes of calculating percentage leased, we exclude from the denominator total square feet that was unleased and to which we attributed no value at the time of acquisition. In addition, we wholly ownedtwo properties under development that we expect will encompass approximately 0.2 million leased square feet upon completion. All references to square footage and asset age within the notes are unaudited.

The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of our assets and conducts substantially all our business. The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and owned approximately 95.2% of the aggregate limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, which we refer to herein as common units, as of December 31, 2024. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT and believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company, including Easterly Government Properties TRS, LLC and Easterly Government Services, LLC, the Operating Partnership and its other subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Real Estate Properties

Real estate properties comprise all tangible assets we hold for rent or development. Real property is recognized at cost less accumulated depreciation. Third party costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized. Development, re-development and certain costs directly related to the improvement of real properties are capitalized. Maintenance and repair expenses are charged to expense as incurred.

When we acquire properties, we allocate the purchase price to numerous tangible and intangible components. Our process for determining the allocation to these components requires many estimates and assumptions, including the following: (1) determination of market land, rental, discount and capitalization rates; (2) estimation of leasing and tenant improvement costs associated with the remaining term of acquired leases; (3) assumptions used in determining the in-place lease and if-vacant value including the rental rates, period of time that it would take to lease vacant space and estimated tenant improvement and leasing costs; and (4) allocation of the if-vacant value between land and building. A change in any of the above key assumptions can materially change not only the presentation of acquired properties in our consolidated financial statements but also our reported results of operations. The allocation to different components affects the following:

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the amount of the purchase price allocated among different categories of assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets; and the amount of costs assigned to individual properties in multiple property acquisitions;

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where the amortization of the components appear over time in our consolidated statements of operations. Allocations to above- and below-market leases are amortized into rental revenue, whereas allocations to most of the other tangible and intangible assets are amortized into depreciation and amortization expense. As a REIT, this is important to us since much of the investment community evaluates our operating performance using non-GAAP measures such as Funds From Operations, the computation of which includes rental revenue but does not include depreciation and amortization expense; and

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the timing over which the items are recognized as revenue or expense in our consolidated statements of operations. For example, for allocations to the as-if vacant value, the land portion is not depreciated and the building portion is depreciated over a longer period of time than the other components (generally 40 years). Allocations to above- and below-market leases and in-place lease value are amortized over significantly shorter time frames, and if individual tenants’ leases are terminated early, any unamortized amounts remaining associated with those tenants are written off upon termination. These differences in timing can materially affect our reported results of operations.

Tenant improvements are capitalized in real property when we own the improvement. When we are required to provide improvements under the terms of a lease, we determine whether the improvements constitute landlord assets or tenant assets. If the improvements are considered landlord assets, we capitalize the cost of the improvements and recognize depreciation expense associated with such improvements generally over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the term of the lease and recognize any payments from the tenant as rental revenue over the term of the lease. If the improvements are considered tenant assets, we defer the cost of improvements funded by us as a lease incentive asset and amortize it as a reduction of rental revenue over the term of the lease. Our determination of whether improvements are landlord assets or tenant assets also may affect when we commence revenue recognition in connection with a lease. In determining whether improvements constitute landlord or tenant assets, we consider numerous factors including: whether the improvements are unique to the tenant or reusable by other tenants; whether the tenant is permitted to alter or remove the improvements without our consent or without compensating us for any lost fair value; whether the ownership of the improvements remains with us or remains with the tenant at the end of the lease term; and whether the economic substance of the lease terms is properly reflected.

We capitalize pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new development opportunities for which we currently believe future development is probable. Additionally, we capitalize interest expense, real estate taxes and direct and indirect project costs (including related compensation and other indirect costs) associated with properties, or portions thereof, undergoing construction, development and redevelopment activities. In capitalizing interest expense, if there is a specific borrowing for the property undergoing construction, development and redevelopment activities, we apply the interest rate of that borrowing to the average accumulated expenditures that do not exceed such borrowing; for the portion of expenditures exceeding any such specific borrowing, we apply our weighted average interest rate on unsecured borrowings to the expenditures. We continue to capitalize costs while construction, development or redevelopment activities are underway until the building is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, at which time rental income recognition can commence and rental operating costs, real estate taxes, insurance, and other subsequent carrying costs are expensed as incurred.

Depreciation of an asset begins when it is available for use and is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Each period, depreciation is charged to expense and credited to the related accumulated depreciation account. A used asset acquired is depreciated over its estimated remaining useful life, not to exceed the life of a new asset. Range of useful lives for depreciable assets are as follows:

Weregularly evaluate whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could indicate an impairment in the value of long-lived assets. If there is an indication that the carrying value of an asset is not recoverable, we estimate the projected undiscounted cash flows to determine whether an asset may be impaired. We determine the amount of any impairment loss by comparing the historical carrying value to estimated fair value. We estimate fair value through an evaluation of recent financial performance and projected discounted cash flows using standard industry valuation techniques. Fair value estimates are made as of a specific point in time, are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. In addition to consideration of impairment upon the events or changes in circumstances described above, we regularly evaluate the remaining lives of our long-lived assets. If we change our estimate of the remaining lives, we allocate the carrying value of the affected assets over their revised remaining lives. From time to time, natural disasters or other loss events may result in damage or destruction to our assets. In these instances, any loss on involuntary conversion is recognized as Depreciation and amortization in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period in which the damage occurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets include all cash and liquid investments that mature three months or less from when they were purchased. Cash equivalents are reported at cost, which approximates fair value. We maintain our cash in bank accounts in amounts that may exceed federally insured limits at times. We have not experienced any losses in these accounts and believe that we are not exposed to significant credit risk because our accounts are deposited with major financial institutions.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of amounts escrowed for future real estate taxes, insurance, capital expenditures and debt service, as required by certain of our mortgage debt agreements or lease agreements.

Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Venture

We analyze each real estate venture to determine whether the entity should be consolidated. If it is determined that an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in which we have a variable interest, we assess whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE to determine whether it should be consolidated. We are not the primary beneficiary of an entity when we do not have voting control, lack the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance or other partners have substantive participatory rights, we do not have the obligation to absorb losses or we do not have the right to receive returns from the VIE that could potentially be significant. If we determine that the entity is not a VIE, then we base our consolidation assessment on whether we have a controlling financial interest in the entity. Management uses its judgment when determining if we are the primary beneficiary of, or have a controlling financial interest in, an entity in which we have a variable interest. Factors considered in determining whether we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance include voting rights, involvement in day-to-day capital and operating decisions, and the extent of our involvement in the entity.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures when we have significant influence but do not control the entity. Under the equity method, we record our investment in "Investment in unconsolidated real estate venture" on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and our proportionate share of earnings or losses, pursuant to the terms of the joint venture agreement as these may change depending on returns, in "Income from unconsolidated real estate venture" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. We classify distributions received from equity method investees within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows using the nature of distribution approach. Under this method, cash flows generated from the operations of an unconsolidated real estate venture are classified as a return on investment (cash inflow from operating activities) and cash flows from property sales, debt refinancing or sales of our investments are classified as a return of investment (cash inflow from investing activities).

We earn revenue from asset management services to our unconsolidated real estate venture. These fees are determined following the terms specific to each arrangement. We account for this revenue gross of our ownership interest in the respective real estate venture and recognize such revenue as "Asset management income" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations when earned. Our proportionate share of related expense is recognized in "Income from unconsolidated real estate venture".

We assess quarterly whether there are any indicators, including underlying property operating performance and general market conditions, that the value of our investment may be impaired. We consider an investment in a real estate venture impaired if we determine that its fair value is less than the net carrying value of the investment on an other-than-temporary basis. If our analysis indicates that there is an other-than-temporary impairment related to the investment in a particular real estate venture, the carrying value of the venture will be adjusted to an amount that reflects the estimated fair value of the investment.

Receivables and Credit Losses

Tenant accounts receivable on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets includes accrued rental income and other tenant accounts receivables. We accrue rental and other tenant income earned, but not yet received, in accordance with GAAP.

Non-tenant receivables are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We account for loans receivable at their unamortized cost, net of any unamortized deferred fees or costs, premiums or discounts and an allowance for credit losses. Loan fees and direct costs associated with loans originated by us are deferred and amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the loan as interest income.

The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to our financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded loan commitments. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020 and apply this methodology to our loan receivables and off-balance sheet credit exposure. To determine our expected credit losses under CECL, we utilize a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) methodology. We determined that we have one portfolio segment and reserve for loan losses on an asset-specific basis. We have a limited history of incurred losses and consequently have elected to employ external data to perform our CECL calculation. Our model's inputs consider a default grade or industry relative default grade associated with the borrower and prospective tenant funding the development to determine an appropriate default risk and allowance for credit loss under the PD and LGD methodology. If a reserve is recorded, the allowance is increased as a provision for credit losses and is decreased by charge-offs when losses are confirmed through the receipt of assets such as cash or via ownership control of the underlying collateral in full. The allowance for loan losses reflects management's estimate of loan losses as of the balance sheet date.

Deferred Costs

Deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs include costs incurred in obtaining debt that are capitalized and are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the associated debt liability that is not a line-of-credit arrangement on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements are presented as an asset in Prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs are amortized through interest expense over the life of the respective loans on a basis which approximates the effective interest method. Any unamortized amounts upon early repayment of debt are written off in the period of repayment as a loss on extinguishment of debt. Fully amortized deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs are removed from the books upon maturity of the underlying debt.

Deferred offering costs include certain legal, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded as a reduction to capital. Should the equity no longer be considered probable of being consummated, the deferred offering costs would be expensed immediately as a charge to Corporate general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Deferred leasing commissions include commissions, compensation costs of leasing personnel for those leases which commenced prior to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) on January 1, 2019, and other direct and incremental costs incurred to obtain new tenant leases as well as to renew existing tenant leases and are presented in Prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leasing commissions are capitalized and amortized over the terms of the related leases upon lease commencement using the straight-line method. If a lease terminates prior to the expiration of its initial term, any unamortized costs related to the lease are accelerated into amortization expense. Changes in leasing commissions are presented in the cash flows from operating activities section of the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Interest Rate Hedges

Our primary objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add stability to interest expense and to manage exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable- rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for our making fixed- rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Derivatives are used to hedge the cash flows associated with interest rates on existing debt as well as future debt. We recognize derivatives as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. We defer the effective portion of changes in fair value of the designated cash flow hedges to accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) or loss (“AOCL”) and reclassify such deferrals to interest expense as interest expense is recognized on the hedged forecasted transitions. We recognize the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of interest rate derivatives directly in interest expense. When an interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, we recognize changes in fair value of the hedge previously deferred to AOCI or AOCL, along with any changes in fair value occurring thereafter, through earnings. We do not use interest rate derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We manage counterparty risk by only entering into contracts with major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other risk factors.

We use standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models, replacement cost and termination cost in computing the fair value of derivatives at each balance sheet date. We made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a gross basis by counterparty portfolio.

Please refer to Note 7 for more information pertaining to interest rate derivatives.

Fair Value Measurements

Accounting standards define fair value as the exit price, or the amount that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The standards also establish a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy of these inputs is broken down into three levels: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is most significant to the fair value measurement.

Recurring fair value measurements

The fair values of our interest rate swaps are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities in such interest rates. While we determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties. We have determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contracts, which determination was based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of our derivatives held as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other assets and accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of fair values because of the short maturities of these instruments.

Please refer to Note 8 for more information pertaining to fair value measurements.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists primarily of lump sum reimbursements made by tenants to us for landlord improvements in excess of a tenant improvement allowance. Lump sum reimbursements are recorded as Deferred revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized over the life of the lease through Rental income. Deferred revenue also includes rent received in advance, which is recognized within Rental income once earned.

Non-Controlling Interests

Non-controlling interests relate to the common units of the Operating Partnership not owned by us. Unitholders receive a distribution per unit equivalent to the dividend per share of our common stock. Pursuant to ASC 810 with respect to the accounting and reporting for non-controlling interest changes and changes in ownership interest of a subsidiary, changes in parent’s ownership interest when the parent retains controlling interest in the subsidiary should be accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interest shall be adjusted to reflect the change in its ownership interest in the subsidiary, with the offset to equity attributable to us.

Revenue Recognition

Rental income includes base rents paid by each tenant in accordance with its lease agreement conditions. We recognize rental income on a straight-line basis over the lease term of each lease. For acquisitions of existing buildings, we recognize rental income from leases already in place coincident with the date of property closing. Lease incentives are recorded as a deferred asset and amortized as a reduction of revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term. Above- and below-market leases are amortized into rental income over the terms of the respective leases. Further, Rental income includes certain tenant reimbursement income (real estate taxes, operating expenses, utility usage, and other reimbursements), which are accrued as variable lease payments in the same periods as the related expenses are incurred in accordance with ASC 842.

Tenant reimbursement income includes revenue from tenant construction projects. When revenue and costs for such projects can be estimated with reasonable accuracy, we recognize a percentage of the total estimated revenue on a project based on the cost of services provided on the project as of a point in time relative to the total estimated costs on the project (percentage of completion method). When these criteria do not apply to a project, we recognize revenue from that project using the completed contract method. Fully reimbursed income was included within Tenant reimbursements and associated expenses were included in Property operating expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Other income includes income on the associated tenant reimbursement construction projects, parking income, interest income recognized from our real estate loan receivable and other miscellaneous income.

Asset management income includes revenue from asset management services to our unconsolidated real estate venture. The asset management fees are earned by us for managing properties owned by related parties. The asset management fees are based upon contractual rates applied to actively invested capital, with fee income recognized on a monthly basis. The fees are recognized as a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services related to property operations. We believe the overall services provided by asset management activities have the same pattern of performance over the term of the agreement. We account for this revenue gross of our ownership interest in the respective real estate venture and recognize such revenue as "Asset management income" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations when earned. Our proportionate share of related expense is recognized in "Income from unconsolidated real estate venture."

Sales of Properties

We recognize gains from sales of consolidated interests in properties to non-customer third parties when we have transferred control of such interests.

Income Taxes

We believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net income that we distribute to our stockholders. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required under the Code to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to our stockholders and meet certain other requirements. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property, and on taxable income that we do not distribute to our stockholders. In addition, we may provide services that are not customarily provided by a landlord, hold properties for sale and engage in other activities (such as a management business) through Taxable REIT Subsidiaries (“TRSs”) and the income of those subsidiaries will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we did not incur any material tax liability associated with any of the above.

We do not anticipate any potential expense related to uncertain tax positions as we closely monitor our REIT compliance, do not have any prohibited transactions related to property sales, and the states in which we operate do not subject us to withholding tax requirements.

For federal income tax purposes, dividends to shareholders may be characterized as ordinary income, capital gains or return of capital. The characterization of dividends paid on our common shares during each of the last three years was as follows:

The dividends allocated to each of the above years for federal income tax purposes included dividends paid on our common shares during each of those years. We distributed all of our REIT taxable income in 2024, 2023, and 2022 and, as a result, didnot incur federal income tax in those years.

Stock Based Compensation

We grant equity-based compensation awards to its officers, employees and non-employee directors in the form of restricted shares of common stock and long-term incentive plan units in the Operating Partnership. See Note 9 for further discussion of restricted shares of common stock and LTIP units. The restricted shares of common stock and LTIP units issued to officers, employees, and non-employee directors vest over a period of time as determined by our board of directors at the date of grant. We recognize compensation expense for non-vested restricted shares of common stock and LTIP units granted to officers, employees and non-employee directors on a straight-line basis over the requisite service and/or performance period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, as adjusted for forfeitures.

Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Amount

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income available to Easterly Government Properties, Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the weighted average number of unvested restricted shares. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period plus other potentially dilutive securities such as unvested restricted shares, LTIP units, and shares issuable under forward sales agreements. Unvested restricted shares and LTIP units are considered participating securities which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.

Segments

We manage our operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. All revenue has been generated and all tangible assets are held in the United States. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Standard Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segments Disclosures" ("Topic 280"). Topic 280 enhances disclosures of significant segment expenses and other segment items regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), extends certain annual disclosures to interim periods and permits more than one measure of segment profit (loss) to be reported under certain conditions. We adopted ASU 2023-07 on December 15, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative (“ASU 2023-06”). ASU 2023-06 adds interim and annual disclosure requirements to GAAP at the request of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The guidance in ASU 2023-06 is required to be applied prospectively and the GAAP requirements will be effective when the removal of the related SEC disclosure requirements is effective. If the SEC does not act to remove its related requirement by June 30, 2027, any related FASB amendments will be removed from the ASC and will not be effective. We do not anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2023-06 will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The standard is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures through changes to the rate reconciliationand income taxes paid information. The new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Real Estate and Intangibles

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we acquired nine operating properties in asset acquisitions, ICE – Dallas, HSI – Orlando, ICE – Orlando, Northrop Grumman – Dayton, Northrop Grumman – Aurora, IRS – Ogden, and athree building portfolio in Cary, NC, for an aggregate purchase price of $184.9 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we acquired three operating properties in asset acquisitions, CA – Anaheim, DHS – Atlanta and JUD – Newport News, for an aggregate purchase price of $63.1 million.

We allocated the aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions based on the estimated fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as follows (amounts in thousands):

In addition to the above operating property activity, we acquiredone land parcel for development, JUD – Flagstaff, during the year ended December 31, 2024.

No debt was assumed on acquisitions made during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The intangible assets and liabilities of the acquired operating properties have an aggregate weighted average amortization period of 9.12 years and 10.46 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we included $7.2 million of revenues and $2.9 million of net income in our Consolidated Statement of Operations related to the operating properties acquired. Additionally, we incurred $1.9 million of acquisition-related costs primarily consisting of internal costs associated with the property acquisitions.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we included $1.5 million of revenues and $0.4 million of net income in our Consolidated Statement of Operations related to the operating properties acquired. Additionally, we incurred $1.7 million of acquisition-related costs primarily consisting of internal costs associated with the property acquisitions.

Dispositions

In July 2024, we entered into an agreement to sell a land parcel located in Lincoln, Nebraska for $2.3 million. The land parcel had a carrying value of $2.0 million. On October 3, 2024, we sold the land parcel for a gross sales price of $2.3 million and we recognized a gain on the sale of approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

No operating properties were disposed of during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Consolidated Real Estate and Intangibles

Real estate and intangibles on our consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

During the third quarter of 2022, we recognized an impairment loss totaling approximately $5.5 million for its ICE – Otay property and reduced its carrying value to its estimated fair value, which declined due to changes in expected cash flows related to the tenant’s lease expiration in 2022. ICE – Otay is a 47,919 rentable square foot office building located in San Diego, California. See Note 8 for additional information.

Amortization of intangible assets within Depreciation and amortization expense was $20.3 million, $21.1 million and $25.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The projected amortization of total intangible assets and intangible liabilities as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (amounts in thousands):

The following table summarizes the scheduled amortization of our acquired above- and below-market lease intangibles for each of the five succeeding years as of December 31, 2024 (amounts in thousands):

Above-market lease amortization reduces Rental income on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and below-market lease amortization increases Rental income on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles increased Rental income by $1.9 million, $2.7 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

4. Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Venture

The following is a summary of our investment in our unconsolidated real estate venture (dollars in thousands):

On October 13, 2021, we formed the JV, with a global investor to fund the acquisition of a portfolio often properties that encompasses 1,214,165 leased square feet (the “VA Portfolio”). We own a 53.0% interest in the JV, subject to preferred allocations as provided in the JV agreement.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the JV acquired VA – Jacksonville for a purchase price of $77.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the JV acquired VA – Corpus Christi for a purchase price of $34.5 million. As of December 31, 2024, allten properties in the VA Portfolio had been acquired by the JV.

We provide asset management services to our unconsolidated real estate venture. We recognized asset management service revenue of $2.3 million, $2.1 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following is a summary of financial information for our unconsolidated real estate venture:

(1)

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, this amount included right-of-use assets - finance leases totaling approximately $4.7 million and $4.8 million, respectively, representing a ground lease at VA – Lubbock.

(2)

At both December 31, 2024 and 2023, this amount included lease liabilities - finance leases totaling approximately $5.0 million representing a ground lease at VA – Lubbock.

(3)

This amount represents the aggregate difference between our historical cost basis and the basis reflected at the joint venture level.

5. Real Estate Loan Receivable

On August 6, 2024, we entered into a construction loan agreement to lend up to $52.1 million to a developer (the “Borrower”). The construction loan will accrue interest monthly at a fixed market rate of 9.00% per annum. The construction loan shall be re-paid in full on or before August 31, 2027, the maturity date. Upon completion of the development, we have the option to purchase at fair value all of the issued and outstanding membership interest from the Borrower in a special purpose entity (“SPE”) which solely holds the developed property. We hold a variable interest in the SPE, but we do not consolidate the SPE as we are not the primary beneficiary due to our lack of power to direct significant activities performed by the SPE.

A summary of our real estate loan receivable consisted of the following (in thousands):

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized interest income from our real estate loan receivable of $1.2 million. No interest income was recognized from real estate loan receivables during the years ended December 31,2023, and 2022. Interest income from our real estate loan receivable is included within Other income on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2024, we recognized an allowance for credit loss liability of $0.1 million for the undrawn capacity on the construction loan. Allowance for credit loss liability is included within Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The fair value of this real estate loan receivable was approximately $35.9 million as of December 31, 2024.

6. Debt

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

(1)

The current interest rate is not adjusted to include the amortization of deferred financing fees or debt issuance costs incurred in obtaining debt or any unamortized fair market value premiums.

(2)

The $400.0 million 2024 revolving credit facility (the “2024 revolving credit facility”) had available capacity of $125.3 million at December 31, 2024, which includes an accordion feature that provides us with additional capacity of up to $300.0 million, subject to syndication of the increase and the satisfaction of customary terms and conditions.

(3)

Our 2024 revolving credit facility is subject toone interest rate swap with an effective date of June 23, 2023 and a notional value of $100.0 million, of which $25.5 millionis associated with our 2024 revolving credit facility, to effectively fix the interest rate onthe $25.5 million at 5.46% annually. The spread over the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) is based on our consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in our 2024 revolving credit facility agreement. Additionally, at December 31, 2024, $249.1 million of amounts outstanding under our 2024 revolving credit facility had a floating rate of 4.31% under USD SOFR with a five day lookback.

(4)

Our 2024 revolving credit facility has two six-month as-of-right extension options subject to certain conditions and the payment of an extension fee.

(5)

Our 2016 term loan facility (our “2016 term loan facility”) is subject tothree interest rate swaps, all with effective dates of December 23, 2024 and an aggregate notional value of $100.0 million, which effectively fixes the interest rate at 5.31% annually. The spread over SOFR is based on our consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in our 2016 term loan facility agreement.

(6)

On January 8, 2025, we entered into the ninth amendment to our senior unsecured term loan agreement, dated as of September 29, 2016, to extend the maturity date of our 2016 term loan facility from January 30, 2025 to January 28, 2028.

(7)

Our 2018 term loan facility (as amended, our “2018 term loan facility”) is subject totwo interest rate swaps with effective dates of June 23 and September 29, 2023 and an aggregate notional value of $200.0 million, of which $174.5 million is associated with our 2018 term loan facility, to effectively fix the interest rate on the $174.5 million at 5.23% annually. The spread over SOFR is based on our consolidated leverage ratio, as defined in our 2018 term loan facility agreement.

(8)

Effective interest rates are as follows: USFS II – Albuquerque 3.92%, ICE – Charleston 3.93%, VA – Loma Linda 3.78%, CBP – Savannah 4.12%.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net carrying value of real estate collateralizing our mortgages payable totaled $216.9 million and $325.9 million, respectively. We were not in default under any mortgage loan as of December 31, 2024. See Note 8 for the fair value of our debt instruments.

2024 Senior Note Agreement

On May 29, 2024, we entered into a master note purchase agreement pursuant to which the Operating Partnership agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of up to $200 million of fixed rate, senior unsecured notes (“Senior Notes”) consisting of (i)6.56% Series A Senior Notes due May 29, 2033 (“Series A Senior Notes”), in an aggregate principal amount of $150.0 million, and (ii)6.56% Series B Senior Notes due August 14, 2033 (“Series B Senior Notes”), in an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million. The Series A Senior Notes were issued on May 29, 2024 and the Series B Senior Notes were issued on August 14, 2024. We, together with various subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, have guaranteed the Senior Notes.

2024 Revolving Credit Facility

On June 3, 2024, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2024 Credit Agreement”) that provides for the $400.0 million 2024 revolving credit facility which includes an accordion feature that provides us with additional capacity of up to $300.0 million, subject to syndication of the increase and the satisfaction of customary terms and conditions. The 2024 revolving credit facility has an initial four-year term and will mature in June 2028, with two six-month as-of-right extension options, subject to certain conditions and the payment of an extension fee.

Borrowings under the 2024 revolving credit facility will, at the Operating Partnership's option, bear interest at floating rates equal to either (i) a fluctuating rate equal to the sum of (a) the highest of (x) Citibank, N.A.'s base rate, (y) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (z) the one-month adjusted term SOFR plus 1.00%, plus, in each case, (b) a margin ranging from 0.20% to 0.80% based on our leverage ratio, (ii) the daily simple SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (the “Adjusted DSS”), or (iii) the term SOFR, plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (the “Term SOFR”), plus, in the case of borrowings bearing interest at Adjusted DSS or Term SOFR, a margin ranging from 1.20% to 1.80% based on our leverage ratio.

2021 Revolving Credit Facility

We are also party to the second amended and restated credit agreement, dated July 23, 2021 (as amended, restated, or otherwise modified from time to time, the “2021 Credit Facility”), which provides for (i) a $450.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2021 revolving credit facility”) and (ii) our 2018 term loan facility.

On January 2, 2024, the margin spreads under the second amended senior unsecured credit agreement were reduced by 1 basis point as a result of achieving our sustainability metric percentage.

In connection with the entry into the 2024 Credit Agreement on June 3, 2024, we repaid all amounts outstanding under and terminated the revolver portion of the 2021 Credit Facility, including all unused commitments. Other than the foregoing, the terms of the 2021 Credit Facility remain unchanged and our 2018 term loan portion of the 2021 Credit Facility remains outstanding. We recognized an aggregate $0.3 million loss on debt extinguishment during the year ended December 31, 2024 which is included in Interest expense, net on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Term Loan Facilities

On January 23, 2024, we entered into the seventh amendment to the senior unsecured term loan agreement, dated as of September 29, 2016, that governs our 2016 term loan facility to extend the maturity date of our 2016 term loan facility from March 29, 2024 to January 30, 2025.

On December 23, 2024, we entered into three SOFR-based interest rate swaps with a total notional value of $100.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. The interest rate swaps became effective in December 2024 upon the maturity of our $100.0 million notional value interest rate swap on December 23, 2024. For more information on our interest rate swaps, see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2025 Activity

On January 8, 2025, we entered into the ninth amendment to our senior unsecured term loan agreement, dated as of September 29, 2016, to extend the maturity date of our 2016 term loan facility from January 30, 2025 to January 28, 2028.

2024 Activity

On April 1, 2024, we used $8.4 million of available cash to extinguish the mortgage note obligation on VA– Golden.

On June 3, 2024, we repaid $25.0 million of amounts outstanding under our 2018 term loan facility using available cash derived from the issuance of Series A Senior Notes.

On July 8, 2024, we used $0.5 million of available cash to pay down a portion of our 2018 term loan facility.

On July 15, 2024, we amended the credit agreements governing our 2016 and 2018 term loan facilities to conform certain definitions related to leverage covenants to the provisions of the 2024 Credit Agreement.

On August 6, 2024, we used $51.5 million of available cash to extinguish the mortgage note obligation on USCIS – Kansas City.

2023 Activity

On February 3, 2023, we entered into three SOFR-based interest rate swaps each with a notional value of $100.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. Two of the interest rate swaps, with an aggregate notional value of $200.0 million, became effective in June 2023. The third swap, with a notional value of $100.0 million, became effective in September 2023. For more information on our interest rate swaps, see Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On May 30, 2023, we entered into the third amendment to our second amended and restated credit agreement, dated as of July 23, 2021 and into the sixth amendment to our senior unsecured term loan agreement, dated as of September 29, 2016. These amendments added a daily simple SOFR-based option to the term SOFR-based floating interest rate option as a benchmark rate for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars for all purposes under the credit and term loan agreements, including, in each case, a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%.

On July 20, 2023, we exercised in full the $50.0 million delayed draw option on our 2018 term loan facility, increasing our 2018 term loan facility commitments from $150.0 million to $200.0 million, and transferred $50.0 million of our interest rate swap with a notional value of $100.0 million, from our revolving credit facility to the $50.0 million delayed draw.

Financial Covenant Considerations

As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial and other covenants related to our 2024 revolving credit facility, 2016 term loan facility, 2018 term loan facility, notes payable and mortgage notes payable.

Aggregate Debt Maturities

Aggregated debt maturities based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2024 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

7. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The following table sets forth the key terms and fair values of our interest rate swap derivatives, each of which was designated as a cash flow hedge (dollars in thousands):

The table below sets forth the fair value of our interest rate derivatives as well as their classification on our Consolidated Balance Sheets (dollars in thousands):

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The gains or losses on derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in AOCI and will be reclassified to interest expense in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings on our variable rate debt.

Amounts reported in AOCI related to derivatives designated as qualifying cash flow hedges will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable rate debt. We estimate that $0.9 million will be reclassified from AOCI as a decrease to interest expense over the next 12 months.

The table below presents the effects of our interest rate derivatives on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (dollars in thousands):

Credit-Risk Related Contingent Features

We have agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where we could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to our default on such indebtedness. As of December 31, 2024, we werenot in a net liability position with any derivative counterparty. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with these agreements and had not posted any collateral related to these agreements.

8. Fair Value Measurements

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other assets and accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of fair values because of the short maturities of these instruments. The table below presents our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall (amounts in thousands):

For our disclosure of debt fair values, we estimated the fair value of our 2016 term loan facility and our 2018 term loan facility based on the variable interest rate and credit spreads (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy) and estimated the fair value of our other debt based on the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rates used approximate current market rates for loans, or groups of loans, with similar maturities and credit quality, and the estimated future payments included scheduled principal and interest payments. Fair value estimates are made as of a specific point in time, are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Settlement at such fair value amounts may not be possible and may not be a prudent management decision.

Nonrecurring fair value measurements

On a quarterly basis we assess the recoverability of the carrying amount of our real estate and related intangibles. In the third quarter of 2022, our assessment resulted in the remeasurement of ICE – Otay, which was written down to its estimated fair value and was classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Our estimate of the fair value was based on a combination of a pending offer from a third party to acquire the property and a discounted cash flow analysis. We used two significant unobservable inputs in the various scenarios, which were the cash flow discount rate (ranging from 6.25%-9.00%) and average price per square foot of comparable sales in the market ($109.08-$185.90). There is no assurance that we will sell ICE – Otay on the terms proposed or at all. The remeasurement resulted in an impairment loss of $5.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, which is included in "Impairment loss" in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

No impairment charges were incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value

The following table summarizes the aggregate principal outstanding under the Company's indebtedness and the corresponding estimate of fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

(1)

The carrying amount consists of principal only.

(2)

We deem the fair value measurement of the financial liability instrument a Level 3 measurement.

9. Equity Incentive Plan

On May 17, 2024, the stockholders of the Company approved our 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”), which initially authorized an aggregate of 3,600,000 shares of our common stock for issuance. The 2024 Plan replaced our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, as last amended on May 9, 2017 (the “Prior Plan”), and upon the effectiveness of the 2024 Plan no awards may be granted under the Prior Plan. Pursuant to the terms of the 2024 Plan, the shares of our common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, cancelled, or are otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) under the 2024 Plan and Prior Plan are added back to the shares available for issuance under the 2024 Plan. As of December 31, 2024,3,725,247 shares were available for issuance under the 2024 Plan. No shares of our common stock were authorized or available for issuance under the Prior Plan as of December 31, 2024.

The 2024 Plan is administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors (the “Compensation Committee”) and the award of stock options (both incentive and non-qualified options), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock, cash-based awards, dividend equivalent rights, and other equity-based awards is permitted. Shares tendered or held back for taxes will not be added back to the reserved pool under the 2024 Plan. Upon the exercise of a stock appreciation right that is settled in shares of common stock, the full number of shares underlying the award will be charged to the reserved pool. Additionally, shares we reacquire on the open market will not be added back to the reserved pool under the 2024 Plan. Stock options and stock appreciation rights will not be repriced in any manner, nor will any material amendments be made to the 2024 Plan without stockholder approval. The term of the 2024 Plan will expire on May 17, 2034.

On December 6, 2023, we entered into a Transition and Separation Agreement with William C. Trimble III (the “Separation Agreement”), pursuant to which Mr. Trimble retired from his positions as Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company and as a member of the Company’s board of directors effective December 31, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the Separation Agreement, Mr. Trimble received a lump sum severance payment of $0.4 million and his annual cash bonus for 2023 of $1.3 million which was included in compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, Mr. Trimble’s LTIP Units were treated as follows: (i) all of the LTIP Units subject to only time-based vesting conditions vested as of December 31, 2023; and (ii) all of the LTIP Units subject to both time- and performance-based vesting conditions will remain eligible to be earned and will continue to vest following December 31, 2023, with the number of LTIP Units earned under each award agreement to be calculated as of the end of the applicable performance period set forth in the corresponding award agreement in the same manner as if his retirement had not occurred. On December 6, 2023, we revalued Mr. Trimble’s unvested LTIP units and recognized the fair value of the modified award less compensation cost previously recognized over his remaining requisite service period. We recognized $0.4 million and less than $0.1 million in compensation expense related to the modification of Mr. Trimble’s service and operational LTIP Unit awards, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2023. Additionally, we recaptured $0.8 million in compensation expense related to the modification of Mr. Trimble’s performance LTIP Unit awards for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Restricted Shares

We award restricted stock to certain members of management and non‑employee directors. Management awards generally vest over a range of one to four years. Non‑employee director shares vest upon the earlier of the anniversary of the date of the grant or the next annual stockholder meeting, as long as the grantee remains a director or employee on such date. Restricted stock awards issued under the 2024 Plan and Prior Plan may not be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions have lapsed, as established by the Compensation Committee.

We value our non-vested restricted share awards at the grant date fair value, which was the market price of our common stock as of the applicable grant date. We recognized $0.4 million, $0.6 million and $0.6 million in compensation expense, related to restricted common stock awards, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The fair value of restricted stock that vested was $0.4 million during 2024, $0.4 million during 2023, and $1.3 million during 2022, based on the market price at the vesting date. The balance of unamortized restricted stock expense as of December 31, 2024, was $0.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted‑average period of 1.3 years.

A summary of the status of our restricted shares as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and changes during the years then ended are presented below:

(1)

Reflects the number of restricted shares issued to the grantee as part of the Prior Plan.

LTIP Units

We grant LTIP units to certain members of management and non‑employee directors. Management awards generally vest immediately or over a range of two to four years. Non‑employee director shares vest upon the earlier of the anniversary of the date of the grant or the next annual stockholder meeting, as long as the grantee remains a director or employee on such date. Performance-based LTIP units are earned subject to us achieving certain thresholds, including absolute total shareholder returns, relative total shareholder returns, or operational hurdles through the performance period. Service-based LTIP units are earned over time, subject to continued employment and other terms of the awards.

The following is a summary of our granted LTIP unit awards:

(1)

37,392 service-based LTIP units granted on January 3, 2022 and 75,044 service-based LTIP units granted on January 3, 2023 to William C. Trimble, III, our former Chief Executive Officer and President, vested on December 31, 2023 in accordance with the terms of Mr. Trimble's Transition and Separation Agreement with the Company, dated December 6, 2023.

(2)

An aggregate of 41,642 Operational Performance LTIP units were earned as of December 31, 2024 and vested on February 19, 2025.

(3)

Based on the Company's performance through the performance period ending December 31, 2024, no TSR Performance LTIP units were earned.

(4)

Operational and TSR performance LTIP units may be earned based on the Company's performance through the performance period ending December 31, 2024, December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2026, as applicable. Subject to the grantee's continued employment, earned awards will vest upon the determination of the number of earned LTIP units following the end of the applicable performance period.

(5)

Represents LTIP units granted to our independent directors that will vest on the earlier of the anniversary of the grant date or the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders.

We value our LTIP unit awards that are subject to us achieving certain operational performance conditions at the grant date fair value, which is the market price of our common stock as of the applicable grant date. We value our service-based LTIP unit awards at the grant date fair value, which is the market price of our common stock as of the applicable grant date, discounted by the risk related to the timing of book-up events. For the LTIP unit awards granted that are subject to us achieving certain total shareholder return performance thresholds we used a Monte Carlo Simulation (risk-neutral approach) to determine the number of shares that may be issued pursuant to the award.

The following is a summary of the significant assumptions used to value the total shareholder return performance-based LTIP units:

The fair value of LTIP units that vested were $2.0 million during 2024, $6.9 million during 2023, and $5.5 million during 2022, based on the market price at the vesting date. We recognized $2.8 million, $5.2 million and $5.9 million in compensation expense related to LTIP unit awards, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The balance of unamortized LTIP expense as of December 31, 2024 was $4.6 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted‑average period of 1.5 years. As of December 31, 2024, management considers it probable that the operational performance conditions on three of our four unvested grants will be achieved.

A summary of the status of our LTIP units as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and changes during the years then ended are presented below:

(1)

Reflects the number LTIP units issued to the grantee on the grant date which may be different from the number of LTIP units actually earned in the case of performance-based LTIP units.

(2)

Modified LTIP Units are treated as forfeited and re-granted at their new fair value.

10. Equity

Offering of Common Stock on a Forward Basis

On August 11, 2021, we completed an underwritten public offering of 6,300,000 shares of common stock offered on a forward basis. In connection with the offering, we also entered into separate forward sale agreements with each of the forward purchasers (the “Forward Sales Agreements”), pursuant to which the forward purchasers borrowed and sold to the underwriters an aggregate of 6,300,000 shares of our common stock. On December 28, 2021, we issued 3,991,000 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $85.0 million, which shares were issued in partial settlement of the Forward Sales Agreements entered into in connection with the underwritten public offering. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we issued 2,309,000 shares of common stock under the Forward Sale Agreements and received net cash proceeds of approximately $46.8 million. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all shares of common stock under the Forward Sales Agreements had been issued and settled.

Redemption of Common Units to Common Stock

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we issued 204,751 shares of our common stock upon the redemption of 204,751 common units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we issued 5,867,740 shares of our common stock upon the redemption of 5,867,740 common units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we issued 1,438,636 shares of our common stock upon the redemption of 1,438,636 common units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership.

Dividends and Distributions Paid

A summary of dividends declared by the board of directors per share of common stock and per common unit of our operating partnership at the date of record is as follows:

Prior to the end of the performance period as set forth in the applicable LTIP unit award, holders of performance-based LTIP units are entitled to receive dividends per LTIP unit equal to 10% of the dividend paid per common unit of our operating partnership. After the end of the performance period, the number of LTIP units, both vested and unvested, that LTIP award recipients have earned, if any, are entitled to receive dividends in an amount per LTIP unit equal to dividends, both regular and special, payable per common unit of our operating partnership. Holders of LTIP units that are not subject to the attainment of performance goals are entitled to receive dividends per LTIP unit equal to 100% of the dividend paid per common unit beginning on the grant date.

ATM Programs

We entered into separate equity distribution agreements on each of December 20, 2019 (the “2019 ATM Program”) and June 22, 2021 (the “2021 ATM Program” and, together with the 2019 ATM Program, the “ATM Programs”) with various financial institutions pursuant to which it may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $300.0 million under each ATM Program from time to time in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market”

offeringsas defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Under each of the ATM Programs, we may enter into one or more forward transactions (each, a “forward sale transaction”) under separate master forward sale confirmations and related supplemental confirmations with each of the various financial institutions party to the respective ATM Program for the sale of shares of its common stock on a forward basis.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to issuances, made under the 2019 ATM Program in each fiscal year for the year ended December 31, 2024 (amounts in thousands except share amounts):

(1)

Shares issued by us, which were all issued in settlement of forward sale transactions. As of December 31, 2024, we had settled all of our outstanding forward sale transactions under the 2019 ATM Program. We accounted for the forward sale transactions as equity.

No sales of shares of our common stock were made under the 2021 ATM Program during the year ended December 31, 2024.

We used the net proceeds received from such sales for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2024, we had $300.0 million of gross sales of its common stock available under the 2021 ATM Program and $15.4 million of gross sales of its common stock available under the 2019 ATM Program.

Share Repurchase Program

On April 28, 2022, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to 4,538,994 shares of its common stock, or approximately 5% of its outstanding shares as of the authorization date. We are not required to purchase shares under the share repurchase program, but may choose to do so in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions at times and amounts based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors.

No repurchases of shares of our common stock were made under the share repurchase program during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Contribution of Property for Common Units

On January 25, 2023, the Operating Partnership issued 12,391 common units and fully settled a contingent earn-out liability in connection with our acquisition of FBI / DEA - El Paso on May 26, 2020. The issuance of the common units was effected in reliance upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act.

On May 10, 2022, we acquired NARA – Broomfield for which it issued, as partial consideration,827,791 common units. The issuance of common units was effected in reliance upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act.

11. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings or loss per share of common stock (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the periods presented. Diluted EPS is computed after adjusting the basic EPS computation for the effect of dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the periods presented. Unvested restricted shares of common stock and unvested LTIP units are considered participating securities which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. The following table sets forth the computation of our basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

(1)

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, there were approximately 415,291,387,010 and 314,529 unvested performance-based LTIP units, respectively, that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the period.

(2)

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there wereno shares of underlying unsettled forward sales transactions that were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the period. During the year ended December 31, 2022,4,259,000 shares of underlying unsettled forward sales transactions that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the period.

12. Leases

Lessor

We lease commercial space to the U.S. Government through the GSA or other federal, state and local agencies or nongovernmental tenants. These leases may contain extension options that are predominately at the sole discretion of the tenant. Certain of our leases contain a “soft-term” period of the lease, meaning that the U.S. Government tenant agency has the right to terminate the lease prior to its stated lease end date. While certain of our leases are contractually subject to early termination, we do not believe that our tenant agencies are likely to terminate these leases early given the build-to-suit features at the properties subject to the leases, the weighted average age of these properties based on the date the property was built or renovated-to-suit, where applicable (approximately 19.5 years as of December 31, 2024), the mission-critical focus of the properties subject to the leases and the current level of operations at such properties. Certain lease agreements include variable lease payments that, in the future, will vary based on changes in inflationary measures, real estate tax rates, usage, or share of expenditures of the leased premises.

The following table summarizes the maturity of fixed lease payments under our leases as of December 31, 2024 (amounts in thousands):

The table below sets forth our composition of lease revenue recognized between fixed and variable components (amounts in thousands):

Information about our leases for our development properties as of December 31, 2024 are set forth in the table below:

(1)

L=Laboratory

(2)

C=Courthouse

Lessee

We lease corporate office space under operating lease arrangements in Washington, D.C. and San Diego, CA. The leases include variable lease payments that, in the future, will vary based on changes in real estate tax rates, usage, or share of expenditures of the leased premises. We have elected not to separate lease and non-lease components for our corporate office leases.

As of December 31, 2024, the unamortized balances associated with our right-of-use operating lease asset and operating lease liability for ourtwo commenced office leases was $2.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the unamortized balance associated with our right-of-use operating lease asset and operating lease liability for ourtwo commenced office leases was $3.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively. Our right-of-use operating lease asset and operating lease liability were included in “Prepaid expenses and other assets” and “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively as of December 31, 2024, and 2023. We used our incremental borrowing rate, which was arrived at utilizing prevailing market rates and the spread on our revolving credit facility, in order to determine the net present value of the minimum lease payments.

The following table provides quantitative information for our commenced operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands):

In addition, the maturity of future minimum lease payments under our commenced corporate office leases as of December 31, 2024 is summarized in the table below (amounts in thousands):

13. Revenue

The table below sets forth revenue from tenant construction projects disaggregated by tenant agency for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 (amounts in thousands).

The balance in Accounts receivable related to tenant construction projects and the associated project management income was $8.1 million and $9.6 million, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The duration of the majority of tenant construction project reimbursement arrangements are less than a year and payment is typically due once a project is complete and work has been accepted by the tenant. There were no projects ongoing as of December 31, 2024 or as of December 31, 2023 with a duration of greater than one year.

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, we also recognized $0.5 million, $0.5 million, and $0.4 million, respectively, in parking garage income generated from the operations of parking garages situated on both the Various GSA – Buffalo property and on the Various GSA - Portland property. The monthly and transient daily parking revenue falls within the scope of ASC Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and our performance obligation is satisfied. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was less than $0.1 million in Accounts receivable attributable to parking garage income.

There wereno contract assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

14. Commitments and Contingencies

a) Environmental

As an owner of real estate, we are subject to various environmental laws of federal, state, and local governments. Our compliance with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations, and we do not believe it will have a material adverse effect in the future. However, we cannot predict the impact of unforeseen environmental contingencies or new or changed laws or regulations on its current properties or on properties that we may acquire.

b) Tax Protection Agreements

Concurrent with the completion of our initial public offering and the related formation transactions, we also entered into a tax protection agreement with Michael P. Ibe, a director and our Vice Chairman and Executive Vice President — Development and Acquisitions, under which we agreed to indemnify Mr. Ibe for any taxes incurred as a result of a taxable sale of the properties contributed by certain entities beneficially owned by Mr. Ibe in the formation transactions for a period ofeight years after the closing of the initial public offering and the formation transactions. We also agreed in the tax protection agreement with Mr. Ibe to use the “traditional method” of making allocations under Section 704(c) of the Code for the eight-year period.

In connection with our acquisitions of certain properties in 2021 and 2022 we entered into a tax protection agreement, under which we agreed to indemnify the contributor for any taxes incurred as a result of a taxable sale of such property for a period offour years. We also agreed in the tax protection agreement with the contributor to use the “traditional method” of making allocations under Section 704(c) of the Code for the four-year period.

Letters of Credit

As of each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had $0.1 million of standby letters of credit. There wereno draws against these letters of credit during the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.

15. Concentration Risk

Concentrations of credit risk arise for us when multiple tenants of the Company are engaged in similar business activities, are located in the same geographic region or have similar economic features that impact in a similar manner their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to us. We regularly monitor our tenant base to assess potential concentrations of credit risk.

At December 31, 2024, the U.S. Government accounted for 91.1% of our total leased square feet, state and local government tenants accounted for 3.7% of our total leased square feet and non-governmental tenants accounted for the remaining 5.2% of our total leased square feet. At December 31, 2023, the U.S. Government accounted for 96.0% of our leased square feet, state and local government tenants accounted for 1.2% of our total leased square feet and non-governmental tenants accounted for the remaining 2.8% of our total leased square feet.

At December 31, 2024,18 of our 100 wholly-owned and unconsolidated operating properties were located in California, accounting for approximately 14.2% of our total leased square feet. At December 31, 2023,18 of our 90 operating properties were located in California, accounting for approximately 15.7% of our total leased square feet. To the extent that weak economic or real estate conditions or natural disasters affect California, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

16. Segment Information

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our operations are reported withinone reportable and operating segment in the consolidated financial statements and all of our properties are included within this single reportable and operating segment (the “segment”).

Our CODM includes our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial and Accounting Officer as they are responsible for allocating resources, assessing performance and determining appropriate operating segments.

The CODM assesses performance for the segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income, which is reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations as Net Income. The Consolidated Statements of Operations, inclusive of significant expenses, are provided to the CODM for performance assessment. The CODM uses net income to evaluate income generated from our properties when deciding whether to reinvest profits into our assets or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions or to pay dividends. Net income is also used to monitor budgeted versus actual results. The CODM also uses net income in competitive analysis by benchmarking to our competitors. The competitive analysis, along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results, is used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing employee and management compensation.

The measure of segment assets is reported on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as Total Assets. The accounting policies of the segment are the same as those described in our Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

17. Related Parties

We have reimbursement arrangements with entities controlled by our former Chairman, who was appointed Chief Executive Officer effective January 1, 2024, and Vice Chairman, which provide for reimbursement of costs paid on our behalf, or those we pay on their behalf. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we were responsible for reimbursing costs of $0.9 million, $0.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and received reimbursement for costs of $0.1 million, less than $0.1 million, and less than $0.1 million, respectively.

We provide asset management services to properties owned by the JV. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 we recognized Asset management fees of $2.3 million, $2.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, and reimbursement for certain costs that we paid on their behalf of $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, Accounts receivable from related parties was $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities included $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, owed to related parties.

18. Subsequent Events

For its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024, we evaluated subsequent events as of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and noted the following significant events:

On January 2, 2025, we granted an aggregate of 400,920 performance-based LTIP units to members of management pursuant to the 2024 Plan, consisting of (i)213,430 LTIP units that are subject to us achieving certain total shareholder return performance thresholds (on both an absolute and relative basis) and (ii)187,490 LTIP units that are subject to us achieving certain operational performance hurdles, in each case through a performance period ending on December 31, 2027. The performance-based LTIP units will vest to the extent earned following the end of the performance period on December 31, 2027. On January 2, 2025, we also granted an aggregate of 323,903 service-based LTIP units to members of management pursuant to the 2024 Plan, which will vest on December 31, 2027. The LTIP units are subject to the grantee’s continued employment and the other terms of the awards.