ONTO INNOVATION INC

Organization and Nature of Operations:

Onto Innovation Inc. (“Onto Innovation” or the “Company”) is a worldwide leader in the design, development, manufacture and support of process control tools that perform macro-defect inspection and metrology, lithography systems, and process control analytical software used by semiconductor and advanced packaging device manufacturers. The Company delivers comprehensive solutions throughout the semiconductor fabrication process with our families of proprietary products that provide critical yield-enhancing information, enabling microelectronic device manufacturers to drive down costs and time to market of their devices. The Company provides process and yield management solutions used in both wafer processing facilities, often referred to as “front-end” manufacturing, and in device packaging and test facilities, commonly referred to as “back-end” manufacturing. The Company’s advanced process control software portfolio includes powerful solutions for standalone tools, groups of tools, or factory-wide suites to enhance productivity and achieve significant cost savings. Onto Innovation’s systems are backed by worldwide customer service and applications support. The Company has branch sales and service offices or subsidiaries in Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and in several countries in Europe. The Company operates in a single reportable segment and is a provider of process characterization equipment and software for wafer fabs and advanced packaging facilities.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Fiscal Year. The Company operates on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. The fiscal year of 2024 was a 52-week fiscal year that began on December 31, 2023 and ended December 28, 2024. The fiscal year of 2023 was a 52-week fiscal year that began on January 1, 2023 and ended December 30, 2023. The fiscal year of 2022 was a 52-week fiscal year that began on January 2, 2022 and ended December 31, 2022.

Segment Reporting. The Company is organized and operates as one reportable segment, the design, development, manufacture and support of high-performance control metrology, defect inspection, lithography and data analysis systems used by microelectronics device manufacturers. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance.

For additional information on the Company’s segment reporting, see Note 15 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities as the fulfillment of a promise to transfer goods to the customer and therefore records these activities under the caption “Cost of revenue.” Sales tax and any other taxes collected concurrent with revenue producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense.

Contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers or the expected cost-plus margin.

Systems and Software Revenue

Revenue from systems is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to the customer. To indicate transfer of control, the Company must have a present right to payment, legal title must have passed to the customer and the customer must have the significant risks and rewards of ownership. The Company generally transfers control for system sales when the customer or the customer’s agent picks up the system at the Company’s facility. The Company provides an assurance warranty on its systems for a period oftwelve tofourteen months against defects in material and workmanship. The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized.

Depending on the terms of the systems arrangement, the Company may also defer the recognition of a portion of the consideration expected to be received because the Company has to satisfy a future obligation (e.g., installation and extended warranties). The Company uses an observable price to determine the standalone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost-plus margin approach when one is not available.

Revenue from software licenses provides the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer. Revenue from software licenses, which is primarily sold with our systems, is recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer. Revenue from licensing support and maintenance is recognized as the support and maintenance are provided, which is over the contract period.

Parts Revenue

Revenue from parts is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product, which typically occurs when the Company ships the product from its facilities to the customer.

Services Revenue

Revenue from services primarily consists of service contracts, which provide additional maintenance coverage beyond the Company’s assurance warranty on its products, service labor, consulting and training. Revenue from service contracts is recognized ratably over the term of the service contract. Revenue from service labor and consulting is recognized as services are performed. Revenue from installation services is recognized at a point in time when installation is complete.

Practical Expedients

The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Company does not adjust the amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing components, if any, as the payment terms are one year or less.

The Company does not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue in the amount to which it has the right to invoice.

For additional information on the Company’s revenue recognition, see Note 10 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Business Combinations. The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recognized in its consolidated statements of operations. Accounting for business combinations requires the Company’s management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date including its estimates for intangible assets, contractual obligations assumed, restructuring liabilities, pre-acquisition contingencies, and contingent consideration, where applicable. Although the Company believes the assumptions and estimates it has made in the past have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based, in part, on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Estimates in valuing certain acquired intangible assets under the income approach include growth in future expected cash flows from product sales, acquired technologies, technology obsolescence rates, estimated cash flows from the projects when completed and discount rates. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

For additional information on the Company’s business combinations, see Note 3 of these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include the allowance for credit losses, excess and obsolete inventory, fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, recoverability and useful lives of property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangible assets, recoverability of goodwill, recoverability of deferred tax assets, liabilities for product warranty, contingencies, including litigation reserves and share-based payments and liabilities for tax uncertainties. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and on various other factors which the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company may engage third-party valuation specialists to assist with estimates related to the valuation of financial instruments, assets and stock awards associated with various contractual arrangements, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets. Such estimates often require the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and significant judgment. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or circumstances and such differences could be material.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Marketable Securities. The Company determined that its investment securities are to be classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported in stockholders’ equity under the caption “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.” Realized gains and losses and, interest and dividends on available-for-sale securities are included in interest income and other, net. Available-for-sale securities are classified as current assets regardless of their maturity date if they are available for use in current operations. The Company reviews its investment portfolio to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is other-than-temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, credit quality and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. When a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities are charged against earnings. The specific identification method is used to determine the gains and losses on marketable securities.

For additional information on the Company’s marketable securities, see Note 5 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses that is estimated based on a combination of factors including write-off history, aging analysis, forecast of future economic conditions and any specific known troubled accounts. The Company believes the allowance is adequate to cover expected losses on trade receivables. Provisions for expected credit losses are classified as selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Cost is generally determined on a first-in, first-out basis, and includes material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs. The Company reviews and sets standard costs as needed, but at a minimum, on an annual basis, at current manufacturing costs in order to approximate actual costs.

The Company evaluates inventories for excess quantities and obsolescence. The Company establishes inventory reserves when conditions exist that suggest that inventory may be in excess of anticipated demand or is obsolete based upon assumptions about historical and future demand for the Company’s products and market conditions. In addition, inventories are evaluated for potential obsolescence due to the effect of known and anticipated engineering design changes. Once a reserve has been established, it is maintained until the item to which it relates is scrapped or sold. The Company regularly evaluates its ability to realize the value of inventory based on a combination of factors including the following: historical usage rates, forecasted sales, product end-of-life dates, estimated current and future market values and new product introductions. When recorded, reserves are intended to reduce the carrying value of the Company’s inventory to its net realizable value. If actual demand for the Company’s products deteriorates, or market conditions are less favorable than those that the Company projects, additional reserves may be required.

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which arefive totwenty-two years for buildings, three toten years for machinery and equipment, three toten years for furniture and fixtures, three years for computer equipment, andthree toseven years for software. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related asset. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred and major renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Long-Lived Assets and Finite-Lived Acquired Intangible Assets. Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment, and identifiable acquired intangible assets with finite useful lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, which is generally based on discounted cash flows.

Goodwill and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets. Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis or when an event or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill impairment is tested at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. The Company has three reporting units andone operating segment. No goodwill impairment occurred in fiscal years 2024, 2023, or 2022. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment using either a qualitative assessment or a quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the Company chooses to perform a qualitative assessment and determine the fair value more likely than not exceeds the carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. When the Company performs the quantitative goodwill impairment test, it compares fair value to carrying value, which includes goodwill. If fair value exceeds carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is higher than the fair value, the difference would be recognized as an impairment loss.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives, including in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), are tested for impairment if impairment indicators arise and, at a minimum, annually. However, the Company is permitted to first assess qualitative factors to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. Further testing is only required if the entity determines, based on the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. Otherwise, no further impairment testing is required. The indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test consists of a one-step analysis that compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. We consider many factors in evaluating whether the value of intangible assets with indefinite lives may not be recoverable, including, but not limited to estimates of future cash flows, the discount rate, terminal growth rates, general economic conditions, our outlook and market performance of our industry and recent and forecasted financial performance.

For additional information on the Company’s goodwill and purchased intangible assets, see Note 6 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Concentration of Credit Risk. Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of accounts receivable, cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities.

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities with higher credit quality issuers and monitors the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The Company’s investment policy provides guidelines and limits regarding credit quality, investment concentration, investment type, and maturity that the Company believes will provide liquidity while reducing risk of loss of capital. Investments are of a short-term nature and include investments in commercial paper, corporate debt securities, asset-backed securities, U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government, and U.S. Agency debt.

The Company’s accounts receivable result primarily from the sale of semiconductor equipment, related accessories and replacement parts. The Company’s customer base is highly concentrated and historically, a relatively small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of its revenues. Write-offs of uncollectible accounts have historically not been material. The Company actively monitors its customers’ financial strength to reduce the risk of loss.

Warranties. The Company generally provides a warranty on its products for a period of twelve to fourteen months against defects in material and workmanship. The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The estimated future warranty obligations are affected by the warranty periods, sales volumes, product failure rates, material usage and labor and replacement costs incurred in correcting a product failure. If actual product failure rates, material usage, labor or replacement costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty obligations would be required. The warranty accrual represents the best estimate of the amount necessary to settle future and existing claims on products sold as of the balance sheet date. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty reserve and adjusts the amounts in accordance with changes in these factors.

Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach for deferred taxes which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce a deferred tax asset to that portion which more likely than not will be realized.

For additional information on the Company’s income taxes, see Note 13 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Translation of Foreign Currencies. The Company’s international branches and subsidiaries primarily generate and expend cash in their local functional currency. Accordingly, all balance sheet accounts of these local functional currency branches and subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the fiscal period-end exchange rate, and income and expense accounts are translated into U.S. dollars using average rates in effect for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as cumulative translation adjustments and are recorded directly as a separate component of stockholders’ equity under the caption, “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.” The Company had accumulated exchange losses resulting from the translation of foreign operation financial state ments of $14.5 million and $8.7 million as of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, respectively.

Share-based Compensation. The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation over the service period of the award, with adjustments recorded for forfeitures as they occur.

For additional information on the Company’s share-based compensation plans, see Note 11 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Research and Development Costs. Expenditures for research and development are expensed as incurred.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. The Company’s policy is to mitigate the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated business exposures. The Company has a policy that allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to hedge foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on forecasted revenue and net monetary assets or liabilities denominated in various foreign currencies. The Company carries derivative financial instruments (derivatives) on the balance sheet at their fair values, in either prepaid expenses and other current assets or other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. The Company does not believe that it is exposed to more than a nominal amount of credit risk in its foreign currency hedges, as counterparties are large, global and well-capitalized financial institutions. The Company’s exposures are in liquid currencies (Japanese yen, euros, Korean won, Taiwanese dollars, Chinese renminbi and Singapore dollars), so there is minimal risk that appropriate derivatives to maintain the Company’s hedging program would not be available in the future.

To hedge foreign currency risks, the Company uses foreign currency exchange forward contracts, where possible and prudent. These hedge contracts are valued using standard valuation formulas with assumptions about future foreign currency exchange rates derived from existing exchange rates, interest rates, and other market factors.

The dollar equivalent of the U.S. dollar forward contracts and related fair values as of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023 were as follows:

During the years ended December 28, 2024 and December 31, 2022, the Company recognized losses of $1.1 million and $3.5 million on maturities of forward contracts, respectively. During the year ended December 30, 2023, the Company recognized a gain of $0.3 million on maturities of forward contracts. The aggregate notional amounts of matured contracts were $423.4 million, $319.4 million and $366.0 million for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Contingencies and Litigation. The Company is subject to the possibility of losses from various contingencies, including certain legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims. The Company accrues for a loss contingency when it concludes that the likelihood of a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If the Company concludes that loss contingencies that could be material to any one of its financial statements are not probable, but are reasonably possible, or are probable, but cannot be estimated, then the Company discloses the nature of the loss contingencies, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss or a statement that such loss is not reasonably estimable. The Company expenses as incurred the costs of defending legal claims against the Company. The Company does not recognize gain contingencies until realized. See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Commitments and Contingencies” for a detailed description.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

Recently Adopted or Effective

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which expands disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and requires more enhanced information about a reportable segment’s expenses, interim segment profit or loss, and how a public entity’s chief operating decision maker uses reported segment profit or loss information in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is required to adopt this standard in the fiscal year 2024 for the annual reporting period ending December 28, 2024, with retrospective disclosure of prior periods presented. The Company adopted the new standard in fiscal year 2024 for annual and retrospective reporting periods with all interim disclosures to begin in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. Refer to Note 15 for additional discussion regarding the Company’s segment reporting.

Updates Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and for income taxes paid. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is required to adopt this standard prospectively in fiscal year 2025 for the annual reporting period ending January 3, 2026. The Company does not expect the amendment to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures” (Subtopic 220-40) which requires additional disclosure of certain costs and expenses, including inventory purchases, employee compensation, selling expense and depreciation expense within the notes to financial statements. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the updated standard will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Business Combination:

Lumina Instruments Inc.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company acquired Lumina Instruments Inc. (“Lumina”), to strengthen Onto Innovation’s inspection portfolio through the addition of Lumina’s highly differentiated laser based optical defect inspection technology. The Company paid $25.0 million in cash to acquire Lumina.

The acquisition has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, “Business Combinations.” Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase consideration of the acquisition is allocated to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their relative fair values. The excess of the purchase consideration over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets is recorded as goodwill, the amount of which represents the expected benefits to the Company of future technology and the knowledgeable and experienced employees who joined the Company.

The following table summarizes the purchase consideration and estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

4. Fair Value Measurements:

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information and valuations as provided by third-party sources. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company applies a three-level valuation hierarchy for fair value measurements. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on management’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. A financial asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table provides the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis at December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023:

Available-for-sale debt securities classified as Level 2 are valued using observable inputs to quoted market prices, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The foreign currency forward contracts are primarily measured based on the foreign currency spot and forward rates quoted by the banks or foreign currency dealers. Investment prices are obtained from third party pricing providers, which model prices utilizing the above observable inputs, for each asset class.

See Note 5 for additional discussion regarding the fair value of the Company’s marketable securities.

5. Marketable Securities:

At December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, marketable securities are categorized as follows:

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable securities classified by the maturity date listed on the security, regardless of the Consolidated Balance Sheet classification, is as follows at December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023:

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value and gross unrealized holding losses of marketable securities, aggregated by investment instrument and period of time in an unrealized loss position, at December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023.

See Note 4 for additional discussion regarding the fair value of the Company’s marketable securities.

6. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets:

Goodwill and purchased intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of anasset may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets requires significant judgment. The Company regularly monitors current business conditions and considers other factors including, but not limited to, adverse industry or economic trends, restructuring actions and lower projections of profitability that may impact future operating results. The Company performed its annual assessment in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 and concluded thatno impairment charge was required.

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

The $14.2 million of goodwill acquired in 2024 resulted from the purchase of Lumina Instruments, Inc. See Note 3, “Business Combination,” for further details.

Purchased Intangible Assets

Purchased intangible assets as of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023 are as follows:

Intangible asset amortization expense amounted to $49.4 million, $54.8 million and $55.3 million for the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Assuming no change in the gross carrying value of identifiable intangible assets and estimated lives, estimated amortization expenses are $33.8 million for 2025, $32.6 million for 2026, $24.4 million for 2027, $13.5 million for 2028, and $6.2 million for 2029.

7. Leasing Arrangements:

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating lease arrangements are comprised primarily of real estate and equipment agreements for which the right-of-use assets are included in “Other assets” and the corresponding lease liabilities, depending on their maturity, are included in “Other current liabilities” or “Other non-current liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease term includes options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Lease agreements frequently require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. Leases with a term ofone year orless are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Lease costs for operating leases were$6.4 million and $6.5 million for the years ended December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, respectively. Operating lease costs are generally recognized over the lease term.

The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments considering the term of the lease, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date, giving consideration to publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics. The Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Supplemental cash flows information related to leases was as follows:

As of December 28, 2024, there was an insignificant amount of commitments for operating leases that have not yet commenced. The reconciliation of the maturities of operating leases to the lease liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 28, 2024 is as follows:

8. Balance Sheet Components:

Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following:

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment, net, is comprised of the following:

Other assets

Other assets is comprised of the following:

Accrued liabilities

Accrued liabilities is comprised of the following:

Other current liabilities

Other current liabilities is comprised of the following:

Other non-current liabilities

Other non-current liabilities is comprised of the following:

9. Commitments and Contingencies:

Intellectual Property Indemnification Obligations

The Company has entered into agreements with customers that include limited intellectual property indemnification obligations that are customary in the industry. These guarantees generally require the Company to compensate the other party for certain damages and costs incurred as a result of third-party intellectual property claims arising from these transactions. The nature of the intellectual property indemnification obligations prevents the Company from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount it could be required to pay to its customers. Historically, the Company has not made any indemnification payments under such agreements andno amount has been accrued in the accompanying consolidated financial statements with respect to these indemnification guarantees.

Warranty Reserves

The Company generally provides a warranty on its products for a period of 12 to 14 months against defects in material and workmanship. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred during the warranty period and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time revenue is recognized. The Company’s estimate is based primarily on historical experience. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. Settlements of warranty reserves are generally associated with sales that occurred during the 12 to 14 months prior to the year-end and warranty accruals are related to sales during the same year.

Changes in the Company’s warranty reserves are as follows:

Warranty reserves are reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the captions “Accrued liabilities” and “Other non-current liabilities.”

Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that any current legal matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Open and Committed Purchase Orders

As of December 28, 2024, the Company has open and committed purchase orders of $438.2 million, of which $243.9 million is for less than one year.

Line of Credit

The Company has a credit agreement with a bank that provides for a variable-rate line of credit which is secured by the marketable securities the Company has with the bank. The Company is permitted to borrow up to 70% of the value of eligible securities held at the time the line of credit is accessed, up to a maximum of $100 million. The available line of credit as of December 28, 2024 was approximately $100 million with an available interest rate of 6.2%. The credit agreement is available to the Company until such time that either party terminates the arrangement at their discretion. As of the date of this filing, the Company has not utilized the line of credit.

10. Revenue

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue by timing of revenue:

See Note 15 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of the Company’s disaggregated revenue in detail.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets consist of amounts we have not invoiced but have completed the related performance obligation. These amounts generally arise from variances between the contractual payment terms and the transaction price assigned to the open performance obligations (e.g., we have recognized revenue in an amount greater than the amount that is billable under the contract). The contract assets amounts are recorded in “Accounts receivable” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, the Company had contract assets of $10.1 million and $8.0 million, respectively.

The Company records contract liabilities when the customer has been billed in advance of the Company completing its performance obligations primarily with respect to liabilities related to service contracts and installation. For contracts that have a duration of one year or less, these amounts are recorded as “Deferred revenue” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For contracts with a duration longer than one year, these amounts are recorded in “Other non-current liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, the Company carried a long-term deferred revenue balance of $4.0 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:

11. Share-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans:

Share-Based Compensation Plans

The Company’s share-based compensation plans are intended to attract and retain employees and to provide an incentive for them to assist the Company to achieve long-range performance goals and to enable them to participate in long-term growth of the Company. The Company settles restricted stock unit awards, employee stock purchase option exercises and stock option exercises with newly issued common shares.

Onto Innovation Inc. 2020 Stock Plan, as amended and restated (the “2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of 3.7 million stock options and other stock awards to employees, directors and consultants at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2020 Plan typically grade vest over athree-year period and expireten years from the date of grant. Restricted stock units granted under the 2020 Plan typically vest over athree-year period for employees andone year for directors; however, other vesting periods are allowable under the 2020 Plan. Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted to employees have time based or performance-based vesting. As of December 28, 2024, there were 2.7 million shares of common stock available for issuance pursuant to future grants under the 2020 Plan.

Onto Innovation Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2020 ESPP”). Under the terms of the 2020 ESPP, eligible employees may have up to 10% of eligible compensation deducted from their pay and applied to the purchase of shares of Company common stock. The price the employee pays for each share of stock is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of Company common stock at the beginning or the end of the applicable six-month purchase period. The 2020 ESPP is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code and is a compensatory plan as defined by FASB ASC Topic 718, “Stock Compensation.” Through the Company’s employee stock purchase plans, employees purchased 83 thousand,91 thousand and 142 thousand shares during the twelve months ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, there were 0.9 million and 1.0 million, shares available for issuance under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan, respectively.

Share-based compensation was allocated in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations as follows:

Restricted Stock Units

During fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company issued both service-based RSUs and market-based performance RSUs (“PRSUs”). Service-based RSUs typically vest over a period of 3 years or less. Market-based PRSUs generally vest three years from the grant date if certain performance criteria are achieved and require continued employment. Based upon the terms of such awards, the number of shares that can be earned over the performance periods is based on the Company’s common stock price performance compared to the market price performance of a designated benchmark index, ranging from 0% to 200% of target. The designated benchmark index was the Philadelphia Semiconductor Sector Index for market-based PRSUs issued in 2024, 2023 and 2022. The stock price performance or market price performance is measured using the closing price for the 20-trading days prior to the dates the performance period begins and ends.

The following table summarizes the Company’s combined service-based RSUs and market-based PRSUs:

Of the 409 thousand shares outstanding at December 28, 2024,327 thousand are service-based RSUs and 82 thousand are market-based PRSUs. The fair value of the Company’s service-based RSUs was calculated based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. The fair value of the Company’s market-based PRSUs granted during fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022 was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation model at the date of the grant, resulting in a weighted average grant-date fair value per share of $251.51, $100.79, and $85.49, respectively.

As of December 28, 2024, there was $29.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs granted under the plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years.

401(k) Savings Plan

The Company has a 401(k) savings plan that allows employees to contribute up to 100% of their annual compensation to the Plan on a pre-tax or after-tax basis, limited to a maximum annual amount as set periodically by the Internal Revenue Service. The plan provides a 50% match of all employee contributions up to 6 percent of the employee’s salary. Matching contributions to the plan totaled $3.2 million, $3.1 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

12. Other Expense, Net:

Other expense, net is comprised of the following:

13. Income Taxes:

The components of income tax expense are as follows:

The income before tax is comprised of the following:

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% for the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, to income before provision for income taxes as follows:

Prior year amounts were reclassified to conform to current year classification requirements for comparability purposes. The total tax provision amounts remained unchanged.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:

At December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, the Company had recorded valuation allowances of $12.2 million and $14.0 million, respectively, on a certain portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets to reflect the deferred tax assets at the net amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company maintains a valuation allowance against its federal foreign tax credit carryforwards of $0.3 million and state research and development credits of $11.9 million.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company uses a more likely than not standard. If it is determined that it is more-likely-than-not that deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance must be established against the deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of the assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the associated temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred income tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies when making this assessment. In making the determination that it is more likely than not that the Company’s deferred tax assets will be realized as of December 28, 2024, the Company relied primarily on the reversal of deferred tax liabilities as well as projected future taxable income.

At December 28, 2024, the Company had tax effected federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $0.5 million, $0.9 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards expire on various dates begin ning in 2033 through 2049.

At December 28, 2024, the Company had foreign tax credit carryforwards and state research & development credits of$0.3 million, and $16.8 million, respectively. The foreign tax credit carryforwards are set to expire at various dates beginning December 31, 2032. The state research & development credit carryforwards are set to expire at various dates beginning December 31, 2028.

As of December 28, 2024, the Company has not provided U.S. income taxes on all its foreign earnings. The Company continues to permanently reinvest the cash held offshore to support its working capital needs. The Company has accrued $0.5 million for additional foreign withholding taxes from an expected liquidating distribution from its Israel entity.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:

The unrecognized tax benefits at December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023 were $13.0 million and $13.1 million, respectively, of which $6.7 million and $7.2 million, respectively, would be reflected as an adjustment to income tax expense if recognized. The year over year decrease from 2023 to 2024 is primarily due to expiring tax statutes, offset by additional unrecognized tax benefits related to foreign net operating losses. It is reasonably possible that certain amounts of unrecognized tax benefits may reverse in the next 12 months; however, the Company does not expect such reversals to have a significant impact on its results of operations or financial position.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the years ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recognized approximately $(223) thousand, $146 thousand and $149 thousand, respectively, in interest and penalties (benefit) expense associated with uncertain tax positions. As of December 28, 2024 and December 30, 2023, the Company had accrued interest and penalties expense included in the table of unrecognized tax benefits of $564 thousand and $823 thousand, respectively.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is subject to ordinary statute of limitation rules of three and four years for federal and state returns, respectively. However, due to tax attribute carryforwards, the Company is subject to examination for tax years 2015 forward for U.S. federal tax purposes with respect to carryforward amounts. The Company is also subject to examination in various states for tax years 2003 forward with respect to carryforward amounts. The Company is subject to examination for tax years 2016 forward for various foreign jurisdictions. The Company believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately result from any future examinations of these years.

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to tax audits in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional income taxes or other taxes against it. Although the Company believes its tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from the Company’s historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made.

14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

Comprehensive income includes net income, foreign currency translation adjustments, and net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities. See the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the effect of the components of comprehensive income on the Company’s net income.

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, are as follows:

For the twelve months ended December 28, 2024, December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, tax effects on net income of amounts recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) were $(36.8) thousand, $0.9 million and $(0.7) million, respectively.

15. Segment Reporting and Geographic Information:

The Company is organized and operates as one operating and reportable segment; the design, development, manufacture and support of high-performance control metrology, defect inspection, lithography and data analysis systems used by microelectronics device manufacturers. This determination is based on the management approach which designates internal information regularly available to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of determination of the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s CODM, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purpose of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance.

The CODM uses net income as the measure of profit or loss to allocate resources and assess performance. The CODM regularly reviews net income as reported on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Financial forecasts and budget to actual results used by the CODM to assess performance and allocate resources, as well as those used for strategic decisions related to headcount and capital expenditures are also reviewed on a consolidated basis. The CODM considers the impact of the significant segment expenses in the table below on net income when deciding whether to reinvest profits, propose share repurchase, or pursue strategic mergers and acquisitions.

The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets. The CODM does not review segment assets at a level other than that presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The table below presents the Company’s consolidated operating results including significant segment expenses:

The following table lists the different sources of revenue:

The Company’s significant operations outside the United States include sales, service and application offices in Asia and Europe. For geographical revenue reporting, revenue is attributed to the geographic location to which the product is shipped. Revenue by geographic region is as follows:

The following customers represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue for the respective years:

Two customers’ net accounts receivable balances were individually greater than 10% of net accounts receivable at December 28, 2024, representing, in the aggregate approximately 47% of the Company’s total net accounts receivable.

Two customers’ net accounts receivable balances were individually greater than 10% of net accounts receivable at December 30, 2023, representing, in the aggregate approximately 29% of the Company’s total net accounts receivable.

Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located within the United States of America.

16. Earnings Per Share:

Basic income per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Restricted stock units and stock options are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, except when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share amounts are as follows:

17. Share Repurchase Authorization:

In February 2024, the Onto Innovation Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase authorization, which allows the Company to repurchase up to $200 million worth of shares of its common stock. Repurchases may be made through both public market and private transactions from time to time with shares purchased being subsequently retired. During the twelve months ended December 28, 2024, the Company repurchased and retired 157 thousand shares of its common stock under this repurchase authorization. At December 28, 2024, there was $174.9 million available for future share repurchases under this share repurchase authorization.

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock repurchases:

18. Restructuring

From time to time, the Company approves restructuring plans, which include workforce reductions, to streamline operations and align the Company’s cost structure with its business outlook. These restructuring plans may result in charges to cost of goods sold for streamlining of certain manufacturing activities or for inventory write-downs primarily related to the exit of older product lines. Charges to operating expenses primarily include employee severance costs that are paid during the period incurred, and charges for streamlining of certain operating activities.

Restructuring expenses recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows: