SemiLEDs Corp

1. Business

SemiLEDs Corporation (“SemiLEDs” or the “parent company”) was incorporated in Delaware on January 4, 2005 and is a holding company for various wholly owned subsidiaries. SemiLEDs and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) develop, manufacture and sell high performance light emitting diodes (“LEDs”). The Company’s core products are LED components, LED modules and systems, as well as LED chips and lighting products. LED components, modules and systems have become the most important part of its business. A portion of the Company’s business consists of the sale of contract manufactured LED products. The Company’s customers are concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, and the Netherlands.

As of November 30, 2024, SemiLEDs hadtwo wholly owned subsidiaries. SemiLEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., or Taiwan SemiLEDs, is the Company’s wholly owned operating subsidiary, where a substantial portion of the assets is held and located, and where a portion of our research, development, manufacturing and sales activities take place. Taiwan SemiLEDs had a wholly owned subsidiary. Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd., formerly known as Silicon Base Development, Inc., which is engaged in the research, development, manufacturing and a substantial portion of marketing and sale of LED components, and where most of the Company’s employees are based.

SemiLEDs’ common stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “LEDS”.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation —The Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable provisions of the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 27, 2024. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of August 31, 2024 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of November 30, 2024, the unaudited condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, the statements of changes in equity for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, and the statements of cash flows for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023. The results for the three months ended November 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending August 31, 2025.

Going Concern—The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business are dependent on, among other things, the Company’s ability to operate profitably, to generate cash flows from operations, and to pursue financing arrangements to support its working capital requirements.

The Company suffered losses from operations of $2.9 million and $3.4 million and used net cash in operating activities of $365 thousand and $984 thousand for the years ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These facts and conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. On November 30, 2024, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents had decreased to $1.2 million compared to $2.3 million on November 30, 2023. Further, loss from operations for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023 was $657 thousand and $819 thousand, respectively. Management believes that it has developed a liquidity plan, as summarized below, that, if executed successfully, should provide sufficient liquidity to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due for a reasonable period of time, and allow the development of its core business. The plan includes:

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Gaining positive cash-inflow from operating activities through continuous cost reductions and the sales of new higher margin products. Steady growth of module products and the continued commercial sales of its UV LED product are expected to improve the Company’s future gross margin, operating results and cash flows. The Company is targeting niche markets and focusing on product enhancement and developing its LED product into many other applications or devices.

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Continuing to monitor prices, work with current and potential vendors to decrease costs and, consistent with its existing contractual commitments, possibly decrease its activity level and capital expenditures further. This plan reflects its strategy of controlling capital costs and maintaining financial flexibility.

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Raising additional cash through potential equity offerings, sales of assets and/or issuance of debt as considered necessary and looking at other potential business opportunities.

While the Company's management believes that the measures described in the above liquidity plan will be adequate to satisfy its liquidity requirements for the twelve months after the date that the financial statements are issued, there is no assurance that the liquidity plan will be successfully implemented. Failure to successfully implement the liquidity plan may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial position, and may adversely affect its ability to continue as a going concern. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Restricted Cash Equivalents—Restricted cash primarily consists of cash held in reserved bank accounts in Taiwan. As of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, the Company’s restricted cash equivalents at current portion were $77 thousand and $78 thousand, respectively. As of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, the Company’s restricted cash at noncurrent portion, which was recorded as other assets, was $90 thousand and $91 thousand, respectively.

Revenue Recognition —Effective September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company applied the following five steps to achieve the core principles of ASC 606: 1) identified the contract with a customer; 2) identified the performance obligations (promises) in the contract; 3) determined the transaction price; 4) allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5) recognized revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recognizes the amount of revenue, when the Company satisfies a performance obligation, to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The Company obtains written purchase authorizations from its customers as evidence of an arrangement and these authorizations generally provide for a specified amount of product at a fixed price. Generally, the Company considers delivery to have occurred at the time of shipment as this is generally when title and risk of loss for the products will pass to the customer. The Company provides its customers with limited rights of return for non‑conforming shipments and product warranty claims. Based on historical return percentages, which have not been material to date, and other relevant factors, the Company estimates its potential future exposure on recorded product sales, which reduces product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and reduces accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also provides standard product warranties on its products, which generally range from three months totwo years. Management estimates the Company’s warranty obligations as a percentage of revenues, based on historical knowledge of warranty costs and other relevant factors. To date, the related estimated warranty provisions have been insignificant.

Principles of Consolidation —The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SemiLEDs and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated during consolidation.

On September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 825-10, “Financial Instruments- Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. This standard allows equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values to be re-measured at fair value either upon the occurrence of an observable price change or upon identification of impairment. The standard also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period.

Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee but not a controlling financial interest, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are not consolidated. These investments are in joint ventures that are not subject to consolidation under the variable interest model, and for which the Company: (i) does not have a majority voting interest that would allow it to control the investee, or (ii) has a majority voting interest but for which other shareholders have significant participating rights, but for which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost after adding or removing the Company’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses, respectively. The Company’s investment in these equity‑method entities is reported in the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, and the Company’s share of the income or loss of these equity‑method entities, after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits, is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities. When net losses from an equity‑method investee exceed its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the investment is reduced to zero. The Company then suspends using the equity method to provide for additional losses unless the Company has guaranteed obligations or is otherwise committed to provide further financial support to the equity‑method investee. The Company resumes accounting for the investment under the equity method if the investee subsequently returns to profitability and the Company’s share of the investee’s income exceeds its share of the cumulative losses that have not been previously recognized during the period the equity method is suspended.

Investments in entities that are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method are recorded as investments without readily determinable fair values. Investments without readily determinable fair values are reported on the consolidated balance sheets in investments in unconsolidated entities, at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Dividend income, if any, received is reported in the consolidated statements of operations in equity in losses from unconsolidated entities.

If the fair value of an equity investment declines below its respective carrying amount and the decline is determined to be other‑than‑temporary, the investment will be written down to its fair value.

Use of Estimates —The preparation of unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern, the collectability of accounts receivable, inventory net realizable values, realization of deferred tax assets, valuation of stock-based compensation expense, the useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and investments in unconsolidated entities, the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets, income tax uncertainties, provision for potential litigation costs and other contingencies. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and also on assumptions that it believes are reasonable. Management assesses these estimates on a regular basis; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties —The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position or results of operations, which risks and uncertainties include, among others: it has incurred significant losses over the past several years, any inability of the Company to compete in a rapidly evolving market and to respond quickly and effectively to changing market requirements, any inability of the Company to grow its revenue and/or maintain or increase its margins, it may experience fluctuations in its revenues and operating results, any inability of the Company to protect its intellectual property rights, claims by others that the Company infringes their proprietary technology, and any inability of the Company to raise additional funds in the future.

Concentration of Supply Risk —Some of the components and technologies used in the Company’s products are purchased and licensed from a limited number of sources and some of the Company’s products are produced by a limited number of contract manufacturers. The loss of any of these suppliers and contract manufacturers may cause the Company to incur transition costs to another supplier or contract manufacturer, result in delays in the manufacturing and delivery of the Company’s products, or cause it to carry excess or obsolete inventory. The Company relies on a limited number of such suppliers and contract manufacturers for the fulfillment of its customer orders. Any failure of such suppliers and contract manufacturers to perform could have an adverse effect upon the Company’s reputation and its ability to distribute its products or satisfy customers’ orders, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Concentration of Credit Risk —Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

The Company keeps its cash and cash equivalents in demand deposits with prominent banks of high credit quality and invests only in money market funds. Cash accounts at each institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States or Central Deposit Insurance Corporation in Taiwan up to certain limits. At times, such deposits may be in excess of the insurance limit. U.S. accounts are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to $250,000. As of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, the Company hadno cash in excess of FDIC insured limits. The Company maintains cash in state-owned banks in Taiwan, where the insurance coverage of each bank is NTD$3,000,000 (approximately USD$92,000). As of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, the Company had $852 thousand and $1,268 thousand cash in excess of the insured amount, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. As of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents of the Company consisted of the following (in thousands):

The Company’s revenues are substantially derived from the sales of LED products. A significant portion of the Company’s revenues are derived from a limited number of customers and sales are concentrated in a few select markets. Management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. Management evaluates the need to establish an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated potential credit losses at each reporting period. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the management’s assessment of the collectability of its customer accounts. Management regularly reviews the allowance by considering certain factors, such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, ages of accounts receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Net revenues generated from sales to the top ten customers represented 96%of the Company’s total net revenues for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023.

The Company’s revenues have been concentrated in a few select markets, including the United States, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, and the Netherlands. Net revenues generated from sales to customers in these markets, in the aggregate, accounted for 93% and 96% of the Company’s net revenues for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Noncontrolling Interests —Noncontrolling interests are classified in the consolidated statements of operations as part of consolidated net income (loss) and the accumulated amount of noncontrolling interests in the consolidated balance sheets as part of equity. Changes in ownership interest in a consolidated subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as an equity transaction. If a change in ownership of a consolidated subsidiary results in loss of control and deconsolidation, any retained ownership interests are remeasured with the gain or loss reported in net earnings.

On September 1, 2018, Taiwan Bandaoti Zhaoming Co., Ltd. (“SBDI”), the Company’s wholly owned operating subsidiary, issued 414,000 common shares and amended its certificate of incorporation to increase its common stock issued from 12,087,715 shares to 12,501,715 shares. As of the issuance date, the increased capital of $176 thousand (NT$5.4 million) has been completely received in cash by SBDI. Taiwan SemiLEDs did not subscribe for the newly issued common shares, and, as a result, the noncontrolling interest in Taiwan SemiLEDs increased from zero to 3.31%. From January 2019 to September 2020, Taiwan SemiLEDs purchased an additional 33,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. From March 2022 to May 2022, Taiwan SemiLEDs purchased an additional 52,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. On September 1, 2024, Taiwan SemiLEDs purchased an additional 329,000 common shares of SBDI from non-controlling shareholders. The noncontrolling interest in SBDI waszero and 2.63% as of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt by eliminating the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06, convertible debt, unless issued with a substantial premium or an embedded conversion feature that is not clearly and closely related to the host contract, will no longer be allocated between debt and equity components. This modification will reduce the issue discount and result in less non-cash interest expense in financial statements. ASU 2020-06 also updates the earnings per share calculation and requires entities to assume share settlement when the convertible debt can be settled in cash or shares. For contracts in an entity’s own equity, the type of contracts primarily affected by ASU 2020-06 are freestanding and embedded features that are accounted for as derivatives under the current guidance due to a failure to meet the settlement assessment by removing the requirements to (i) consider whether the contract would be settled in registered shares, (ii) consider whether collateral is required to be posted, and (iii) assess shareholder rights. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 provides guidance as to how an issuer should account for a modification of the terms or conditions or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option (i.e., a warrant) that remains classified after modification or exchange as an exchange of the original instrument for a new instrument. An issuer should measure the effect of a modification or exchange as the difference between the fair value of the modified or exchanged warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification or exchange and then apply a recognition model that comprises four categories of transactions and the corresponding accounting treatment for each category (equity issuance, debt origination, debt modification, and modifications unrelated to equity issuance and debt origination or modification). ASU 2021-04 was effective for the fiscal year beginning September 1, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the guidance provided in ASU 2021-04 prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM). In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Balance Sheet Components

Inventories

Inventories as of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

Inventory write-downs to estimated net realizable values were $96 thousand and $104 thousand for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment as of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets as of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

4. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company’s ownership interest and carrying amounts of investments in unconsolidated entities as of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands, except percentages):

There wereno dividends received from unconsolidated entities through November 30, 2024.

Equity Investments without readily determinable fair value

Equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the Company) which do not have readily determinable fair values are recorded as equity investment without readily determinable fair value. All equity investments without readily determinable fair value are assessed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, and measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuers.

Equity Method Investments

In July 2023, TSLC Corporation, the Company’s subsidiary, had a board resolution to hold an equity interest in Yi Yang Optoelectronics Co., Ltd., accounting for its equity interest using the equity method to accounts for its equity investment as prescribed in ASC 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323”). Equity method adjustments include the Company’s proportionate share of investee’s income or loss and other adjustments required by the equity method. The Company owned 47.62% of the common shares of Yi Yang Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. as of both November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024.

5. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Agreements —The Company has several operating leases with third parties, primarily for land, plant and office spaces in Taiwan, including cancelable and noncancelable leases that expire at various dates between December 2024 and December 2040. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, the Company did not combine lease and non-lease components.

Most leases do not include options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options has to be agreed by the lessors. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the term of leases, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the leases. Lease expense related to these noncancelable operating leases were $38 thousand and $40 thousand for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases is presented below:

The following provides details of the Company’s lease expenses:

Other information related to leases is presented below:

Asmost of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its average borrowing rate from non-related parties of 1.76% based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Theaggregate future noncancelable minimum rental payments for the Company’s operating leases as of November 30, 2024 consisted of the following (in thousands):

Purchase Obligations —The Company had purchase commitments for inventory, property, plant and equipment in the amount of $435 thousand and $521 thousand as of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, respectively.

Litigation —The Company is directly or indirectly involved from time to time in various claims or legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company recognizes a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and whether the amount of loss, if any, can be reasonably estimated.

As of November 30, 2024, there was no pending or threatened litigation that could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

6. Common Stock

On July 6, 2021, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Roth Capital Partners, LLC (the “Agent”). In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company could offer and sell from time to time through the Agent the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $20,000,000 (the “Placement Shares”). Sales of the Placement Shares were made on Nasdaq at market prices by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company paid a commission to the Agent of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of the Placement Shares sold under the Agreement and reimbursed the Agent for certain expenses. The ATM program expired in July 2024.

At its Annual Meeting held on August 30, 2024 (Taiwan time), the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to its Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (“Certificate of Incorporation”), to increase the number of authorized common stock from 7,500,000 shares to 15,000,000 shares. The amendment did not change any of the current rights and privileges of the Company’s Common Stock or its par value, and did not affect the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock currently outstanding. Accordingly, the authorized common shares disclosures for all periods presented have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect this amendment of its Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

7. Stock-based Compensation

The Company currently hasone equity incentive plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for awards in the form of restricted shares, stock units, stock options or stock appreciation rights to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and consultants. In April 2014, SemiLEDs’ stockholders approved an amendment to the 2010 Plan that increases the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan by an additional 250 thousand shares. On July 31, 2019, the stockholders approved an increase in the authorized share reserve under the 2010 plan by an additional 500 thousand shares, to extend expiration of the 2010 Plan to November 3, 2023, to remove the IRS Code section 162(m) provisions, and to modify the maximum grant limit to 35 thousand shares to one person in a one year period. On September 25, 2020, the stockholders approved an amendment to the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the authorized shares reserve by an additional 400 thousand shares. On March 17, 2023, the Board approved the amendment of the 2010 Plan to extend the term to March 17, 2033, which was approved by the Company's stockholders at the annual meeting held on May 18, 2023.

A total of 1,421 thousand and 1,421 thousand shares was reserved for issuance under and 2010 Plan as of November 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of November 30, 2024 and 2023, there were 530 thousand and 513 thousand shares of common stock available for future issuance under the equity incentive plans.

In November 2024, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand restricted stock units to itsdirectors, which will vest 25% every three months from the vesting commencement date of November 27, 2024 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $1.28 per unit.

In July 2023, SemiLEDs granted 10 thousand restricted stock units to itsdirectors, which will vest 25% every three months from the vesting commencement date of July 7, 2023 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.44 per unit.

In April 2023, SemiLEDs granted 110.5 thousand restricted stock units to its employees, which will vest 12.5% every three months from the vesting commencement date of April 25, 2023 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $1.87 per unit.

In March 2023, SemiLEDs granted 20 thousand restricted stock units to its employee, which will vest 25% every anniversary starting from the vesting commencement date of March 8, 2023 and will become fully vested upon a change in control. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.30 per unit.

In November 2022, SemiLEDs granted 15 thousand rest ricted stock units to its directors that will vest 25% every three months on February 7, 2023, May 7, 2023, August 7, 2023 and November 7, 2023. In the event that the 2023 annual meeting falls before November 7, 2023, 100% of the stock shall immediately vest on the date of the 2023 annual meeting. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock units was $2.33 per unit.

The grant date fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires inputs including the market price of SemiLEDs’ common stock on the date of grant, the term that the stock options are expected to be outstanding, the implied stock volatilities of several of the Company’s publicly-traded peers over the expected term of stock options, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine. The grant date fair value of stock units is based upon the market price of SemiLEDs’ common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting term.

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net ofestimated forfeitures such that expense is recorded only for those stock-based awards that are expected to vest. A forfeiture rate is estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. A forfeiture rate ofzero is estimated for stock-based awards with vesting term that is less than or equal toone year from the date of grant.

A summary of the stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

8. Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

The following stock-based compensation plan awards were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands of shares):

9. Income Taxes

The Company’s loss before income taxes for the three months ended November 30, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was adopted, which among other effects, reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21% from 34% (or 35% in certain cases) beginning in 2018, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries that is payable over eight years, makes the receipt of future non-U.S. sourced income of non-U.S. subsidiaries tax-free to U.S. companies and creates a new minimum tax on the earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries relating to the parent’s deductions for payments to the subsidiaries. Provisional estimate of the Company is that no tax will be due under this provision.

As of both November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, the Company hadno unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions taken in prior periods. The Company files income tax returns in the United States, various U.S. states and certain foreign jurisdictions. The tax years 2020 through 2023 remain open in most jurisdictions. With few exceptions, as of November 30, 2024, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign examinations by tax authorities for tax years before 2020.

10. Related Party Transactions

On January 8, 2019, the Company entered into loan agreements with each of its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the largest shareholder of the Company, with aggregate amounts of $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and an annual interest rate of 8%. All proceeds of the loans were exclusively used to return the deposit to Formosa Epitaxy Incorporation in connection with the proposed sale of the Company's headquarters building pursuant to the agreement dated December 15, 2015. The Company was initially required to repay the loans of $1.5 million on January 14, 2021 and $1.7 million on January 22, 2021, respectively. On January 16, 2021, the maturity date of these loans was extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2022, and on January 14, 2022, the maturity date of these loans was extended again with same terms and interest rate for one more year to January 15, 2023. On January 13, 2023, the maturity date of these loans was further extended with same terms and interest rate for one year to January 15, 2024.

On January 7, 2024, J.R. Simplot Company assigned and transferred all of its right, title and interest in and to the loan agreement to Simplot Taiwan Inc., in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement.

On January 7, 2024, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment to the loan agreements with each of Simplot Taiwan Inc. and Trung Doan (each, a “Fourth Amendment”).

The Fourth Amendment with Simplot Taiwan Inc. (i) extended the maturity date of its loan agreement to January 15, 2025, and (ii) upon mutual agreement of the Company and Simplot Taiwan Inc., permitted the Company to repay any principal amount or accrued interest, in an amount not to exceed $400,000, by issuing shares of the Company’s common stock in the name of Simplot Taiwan Inc. as partial repayment of the loan agreement at a price per share equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the business day of the payment notice date. All other terms and conditions of the loan agreement with Simplot Taiwan Inc. remained the same.

On January 7, 2024, the Company issued 305,343 shares of its common stock at a price of $1.31 per share to repay $400,000 of accrued interest on the loan agreement with Simplot Taiwan Inc. The shares of common stock were issued in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The Fourth Amendment to the loan agreement with Trung Doan amended the loan agreement’s maturity date with same terms and interest rate to January 15, 2025. All other terms and conditions of the loan agreement with Trung Doan remained the same.

On February 9, 2024, the Company and Trung Doan entered into the Fifth Amendment to the loan agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”). The Fifth Amendment, upon the mutual agreement of the Company and Trung Doan, permitted the Company to repay any principal amount or accrued interest, in an amount not to exceed $800,000, by issuing shares of the Company’s common stock to Trung Doan as partial repayment of the loan agreement at a price per share equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the business day of the payment notice date.

On February 9, 2024, the Company repaid $800,000 of loan principal by delivering 629,921 shares of the Company’s common stock to Mr. Doan, based on the closing price of $1.27 per share on February 8, 2024. The shares of common stock were issued on February 9, 2024 in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On July 3, 2024, the Company and Trung Doan entered into the Sixth Amendment to the loan agreement (the “Sixth Amendment”). The Sixth Amendment amended the loan agreement to permit, upon the mutual agreement of the Company and Trung Doan, the Company to repay a portion of the principal amount or accrued interest under the loan agreement, by issuing shares of the Company’s common stock to Trung Doan as partial repayment of the loan agreement at a price per share equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock immediately preceding the business day of the payment notice date. All other terms and conditions of the loan agreement, as amended by the Sixth Amendment, remained the same.

As of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, these loans totaled $2.4 million and are secured by a second priority security interest on the Company's headquarters building.

On November 25, 2019 and on December 10, 2019, the Company issued convertible unsecured promissory notes (the “Notes”) to J.R. Simplot Company, its largest shareholder, and Trung Doan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, (together, the “Holders”) with a principal sum of $1.5 million and $500 thousand, respectively, and an annual interest rate of 3.5%. Principal and accrued interest is due on demand by the Holders on and at any time after May 30, 2021. On February 7, 2020, J.R. Simplot Company assigned all of its right, title and interest in the Notes to Simplot Taiwan Inc. The outstanding principal and unpaid accrued interest of the Notes may be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $3.00 per share, at the option of the Holders any time from the date of the Notes. On May 25, 2020, each of the Holders converted $300,000 of the Notes into 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. On May 26, 2021, the Notes were extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2022. On May 26, 2022, the Notes were second extended with the same terms and interest rate for one year and a maturity date of May 30, 2023. On June 6, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to the Notes (the “Third Amendments”) to amend the Notes to (i) extend the maturity date from May 30, 2023 to May 30, 2024, and (ii) change the conversion price from $3.00 to $2.046 per share. All other terms and conditions of the Notes remained the same.

After the close of market on January 5, 2024, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Notes (the “ Note Fourth Amendments”) to amend the Notes to (i) convert the total principal and accrued interest on the Notes to common stock of the Company to be issued in the names of the Holders, and (ii) change the conversion price of the Notes from $2.046 per share to the closing price immediately preceding the signing of the Note Fourth Amendments, or $1.31 per share. All other terms and conditions of the Notes remained the same.

On January 5, 2024, the Holders converted the total principal and accrued interest of the Notes, in an aggregate amount of $1,608,848, to 1,228,128 shares of its common stock at a conversion price of $1.31 per share.

As of November 30, 2024 and August 31, 2024, the outstanding principal of these notes waszero.

11. Subsequent Events

The Company follows the guidance in FASB ASC 855-10 for the disclosure of subsequent events. In the second quarter of fiscal 2025, the Company received buy-sell purchase orders; the first set of purchase orders are approximately $13.3 million pursuant to which it will purchase machinery and equipment and then resell the goods to our customer. The Company has received $7.0 millionof deposits, and the balance is due upon the completion of installation and testing of the machinery and equipment at the customer’s site. The revenue relating to these purchase orders is currently expected to be recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2025, and the associated cost of revenueis estimated to be approximately $12.7 million. However, if shipment is delayed or the installation and testing is not completed timely, the revenue could be recognized in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 or later, or not at all.